Jan-nayak Ch.

Devilal Memorial
College of Engineering,
Sirsa

Seminar Report
On
Brain Computer Interface
(BCI)
Submitted To:

Submitted By:

Er. (Mrs.) Anshu Kamboj

AP, IT/CSE Deptt.
JCDM College of Engg.

Ashish Kumar Sethi

Roll No. 2708445
B.Tech. (IT) 8th Sem.

May 27, 2012

Certificate
This is Certified that Mr. Ashish Kumar Sethi
(2708445), Student of B.tech. IT, prepared the
seminar report by himself. However, the teachers
from deptt. guided him, So, his work is
considered as original. This work is not presented
by any other student of college.

Head, IT Deptt.
JCDM College of Engg
Sirsa

www.ashishsethisirsa.webs.com

May 27, 2012

Contents
Certificate
______________________________
Contents
______________________________
Introduction _______________________________
Definition
_______________________________
Brain Computer Interface Devices _______________
Working of BCI
____________________________
Working Principle ____________________________
How BCI Works? ____________________________
Electroencephalography (EEG) ____________________
BCI Input & Output ____________________________
BCI Applications ____________________________
Researches regarding BCI ________________________
Advantage & Disadvantages ___________________
Bibliography ________________________________
Authors Profile
____________________________
Guides Profile
____________________________

www.ashishsethisirsa.webs.com

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Brain Computer Interface (BCI)

Introduction
BCI stands for Brain-Computer-Interface. As its name defines, Brain-computer interface
(BCI) is the collaboration between a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain
to direct some external activity, such as control of a cursor or a prosthetic limb.

Definition
Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) is a communication system in which your brain does not
use nerves to give orders to your body or to the world outside. "A BCI provides its user
with an alternative method for acting on the world".
-by Jonathan Wolpaw

Brain Computer Interface Devices

A computer monitor screen
A device looking as helmet
Electrode to be implanted at the scalp
Connecting chips and cables for receiving & sending the message in signal form

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May 27, 2012

Working of BCI

Working Principle
Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical activity of nerves and muscles.
Brain is composed of millions of neurons. When the neuron fires, or activates, there is a
voltage change across the cell which generates signals on the surface of the brain. By
monitoring and analyzing these signals we can operate on these signals.
Neurons: Brain is filled with Neurons. Nerve cells are connected by Dendrites & Axons.
Signals are generated by difference in Electric potential carried by Ions on the Membrane
of each Neuron. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.
Several different types of neurons are responsible for different tasks in the human body.

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May 27, 2012

How Brain Computer Interface works?

BCI is a direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device. The
signals produced by our brain is transformed in the analog signal form, these signals are
called EEG signals. The EEG is recorded with electrodes, which are placed on the scalp.
Electrodes are small plates, which conduct electricity. They provide the electrical contact
between the skin and the EEG recording apparatus.

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May 27, 2012

What is Electroencephalography (EEG)?

Electroencephalography (EEG) is measurement of electrical activity produced by brain as
recorded from electrodes placed on the scalp. Our mind produce various waves, we can
detect those signals, interpret what they mean and use them to direct a device of some
kind.

(a) In healthy subjects, primary motor area sends movement commands to muscles via
spinal cord.
(b) In paralyzed people this pathway is interrupted.
(c) Computer based decoder translates this activity into commands for muscle control.

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May 27, 2012

BCI Input & Output

Input from the user and output from the computer or other device made possible by BCI
devices through waves.

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May 27, 2012

BCI Applications
BCI Devices have the ability to control a video game by thought. If you think a remote
control is convenient, imagine changing channels with your mind by using BCI Devices.
Artificial Eye by using BCI technology
Hondas Brain Machine interface controlling robots by thoughts.

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May 27, 2012

Researches Regarding BCI

Several laboratories have managed to record signals from monkey and rat cerebral cortices
in order to operate BCIs to carry out movement.

Monkeys have navigated computer cursors on screen and commanded robotic arms to
perform simple tasks simply by thinking about the task and without any motor output. In
May 2008 photographs that showed a monkey operating a robotic arm with its mind at the
Pittsburgh University Medical Center were published in a number of well known science
journals and magazines.

The First Jens Neumann, a man with acquired blindness, being interviewed about his
vision BCI. In vision science, direct brain implants have been used to treat acquired
blindness. One of the first scientists to come up with a working brain interface to restore
sight was the researcher William Dobelle.

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May 27, 2012

Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages:
With the use of BCI device:
A hearing impaired person can hear sound.

A blind person can see everything

A person can play games by his/her brain waves.

A person who doesnt have hand or leg can do the work by robotic hand or leg

For lie detecting test, it is also used.

Disadvantages:
There are about 100billion neurons in a human brain. Each neuron is constantly
sending & receiving signals through a WEB of connections.

EEG measure tiny voltage potentials, sometimes a simple as the blinking eye lids of
the subject can generate much Stronger Signals.

BCIs require a wired connection to the equipment.

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Bibliography:

Research Papers & Studies:

J. Cao, L. Zhao and A. Cichocki, Visualization of dynamic brain activities based on

single-trial MEG and EEG data analysis, ISSN 2006, Springer LNCS 3973, pp
531-540, 2006.

H. Lee, Y.-D. Kim, A. Cichocki, and S. Choi, Nonnegative tensor factorization for
continuous EEG classification, International Journal of Neural Systems, Vol. 17,
No. 4, pp. 1-13, (2007).

W.L. Woon and A. Cichocki, Novel Features for Brain Computer Interfaces,
Journal of Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2007 (accepted)

W.L .Woon and A. Cichocki, Temporal complexity features for Brain Computer
Interfaces, 2006

F.B. Vialatte, T. Musha, and A. Cichocki, Sparse Bump Sonification: A New Tool
for Multichannel EEG Diagnosis of Brain Disorders, Artificial Intelligence in
Medicine, 2009

Websites & Online PDFs:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface

research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/groups/cue/bci/

www.emotiv.com/

computer.howstuffworks.com/brain-computer-interface.htm

www.ece.ubc.ca/~garyb/BCI.htm
www.quora.com/How-do-current-brain-computer-interfaces-work
http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/what-is-brain-computer-interface

www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120228114203.htm

http://www.bsp.brain.riken.jp/%7Ecia/recent.html#bci

http://www.bettercotton.org/files/Regions/India/BCI_India_RWG2_report_final_eng
_ext.pdf

www.iaeng.org/publication/.../WCECS2009_pp275-279.pdf
cscbc2006.cs.queensu.ca/assets/documents/Papers/paper123.pdf

dsp-book.narod.ru/WVT/BZ.pdf

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Authors Profile:
Mr. Ashish Kumar Sethi, Student of B.Tech(IT )in JCDM College of Engineering, Sirsa.
He published 01 Poster & 05 Research Papers in National; 01 Paper in International
Conferences & 02 Papers in Online Journals.

Guides Profile:
Mr. Anil Kumar Kamboj, Working as Associate Professor & Head, IT Department in
JCDM College of Engineering, Sirsa. He is very quick in research matters. They guided
many students for Training Projects, Research Papers, Seminars as well as Research
Manuals. They have also written book on Network Survivability. His Research Topic was
Survivability of Network in his Ph.D. He also published a numbers of Research Papers on
various topics.

Ms. Richa Garg, working as Assistant Professor in Electronics & Communication Deptt.,
JCDM College of Engineering, Sirsa. She also published a numbers of Research Papers in
National & International Conferences.

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