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Valve and Port Timing Diagrams

Valve timing diagrams show the positions of the crankshaft when the intake and exhaust valves open and close during the four strokes of a 4-stroke engine. The valves cannot open and close instantly and require a timed advance for proper functioning controlled by cam settings. Intake valves open before top dead center on the exhaust stroke to allow a fresh charge in. Intake valves close 20-25 degrees after bottom dead center for low speeds and 40-50 degrees for high speeds. Exhaust valves open 30-35 degrees before bottom dead center for low speeds and 45-50 degrees for high speeds. Exhaust valves close 8-10 degrees after top dead center.

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888 views3 pages

Valve and Port Timing Diagrams

Valve timing diagrams show the positions of the crankshaft when the intake and exhaust valves open and close during the four strokes of a 4-stroke engine. The valves cannot open and close instantly and require a timed advance for proper functioning controlled by cam settings. Intake valves open before top dead center on the exhaust stroke to allow a fresh charge in. Intake valves close 20-25 degrees after bottom dead center for low speeds and 40-50 degrees for high speeds. Exhaust valves open 30-35 degrees before bottom dead center for low speeds and 45-50 degrees for high speeds. Exhaust valves close 8-10 degrees after top dead center.

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nigc
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VALVE AND PORT TIMING DIAGRAMS

Valve timing Diagram


A valve timing diagram is a representation of the positions of the crank
when the various operations as inlet valve opening, closing, exhaust
valve opening and closing and also the beginning and end of various
strokes
. The valves cannot open and close abruptly; it requires a finite period
of time for its operation so a time advance is given for proper
functioning. The timing of the valves is controlled by cam settings.
Valve timing for 4 stroke petrol (Spark Ignition) engine:

Now let us see the various position of the crank when the inlet and
exhaust
valves during the various processes. Inlet valve opening: The valve
timing is different for low speed and high speed.
The inlet valve opens before the piston reaches the TDC during the
exhaust stroke. This is to ensure that the fresh charge enters the
cylinder as soon the piston as soon as the piston starts to move down.
Actual valve timing diagram for actual valve timing diagram for lowhigh
speed 4 stroke SI engine speed 4 stroke SI engine
Inlet valve closing:

The closing of the inlet valve takes place during the start of
compression stroke (i.e. when the piston move from BDC to TDC after
finishing suction stroke and the starting of compression stroke).
I f the inlet valve is allowed to close exactly at BDC then less charge
than the capacity enters during the suction stroke so the inlet valve
closing is delayed to 20-25 degrees after the crank reaches the BDC
position during slow speed and 40-50degrees after the crank reaches
the BDC position during high speed.
Exhaust valve opening:
The exhaust valve opens at the end of expansion stroke. The exhaust
valve opening is done before the piston reaches the BDC so as to
provide more time for all the burnt gases to escape.
The opening of the exhaust valve is necessary because if there are
some burnt up gases left in the cylinder it may affect the cylinder walls
and the spark plug. So the exhaust valve is opened 30-35 degrees
before BDC for slow speed and 45-50degrees before BDC for high
speed.
Exhaust valve closing:
The exhaust valve closing is also important to let out all the burnt gases.
The time between the exhaust valve opening and the exhaust valve
closing determines the amount of burnt gases that escapes.
Usually the exhaust valve is closed 8-10after the piston reaches the
TDC position. An important phenomenon in the valve timing diagram is
the angle of overlap.

The angle of overlap is the angle for which both the inlet valve and the
exhaust valves remains opened. Thus it can be seen that from the
diagram the
angle of overlap during slow speed is 5+8=13.

The crank position at which ignition occurs is also indicated in the valve
timing diagram. The ignition is provided 38-40before TDC during
compression.
Source : http://mediatoget.blogspot.in/2011/10/components-of-icengines.html

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