Intergraph TANK

API 650/653 Analysis

Version 2011 (3.30)

September 2010
DSP3D-PE-200107A

Copyright
Copyright 1994-2010 Intergraph Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may be used pursuant to applicable software license agreement;
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Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth below. For civilian agencies: This was
developed at private expense and is "restricted computer software" submitted with restricted rights in accordance with
subparagraphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at 52.227-19 of the Federal
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252.227-7014 and the rights of the Government are as specified at DFARS 227.7202-3.
Unpublished - rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States.
Intergraph Corporation
P.O. Box 240000
Huntsville, AL 35813
Street address: 170 Graphics Drive, Madison, AL 35758

Terms of Use
Use of this software product is subject to the End User License Agreement ("EULA") delivered with this software product unless the
licensee has a valid signed license for this software product with Intergraph Corporation. If the licensee has a valid signed license
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All warranties given by Intergraph Corporation about equipment or software are set forth in the EULA provided with the software or
applicable license for the software product signed by Intergraph Corporation, and nothing stated in, or implied by, this document or
its contents shall be considered or deemed a modification or amendment of such warranties. Intergraph believes the information in
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The information and the software discussed in this document are subject to change without notice and are subject to applicable
technical product descriptions. Intergraph Corporation is not responsible for any error that may appear in this document.
The software discussed in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms
of this license. No responsibility is assumed by Intergraph for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by
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TO THE USEFULNESS OF THE SOFTWARE IN HIS OWN ENVIRONMENT.
Intergraph is not responsible for the accuracy of delivered data including, but not limited to, catalog, reference and symbol data.
Users should verify for themselves that the data is accurate and suitable for their project work.

Trademarks
Intergraph, the Intergraph logo, PDS, SmartPlant, FrameWorks, I-Convert, I-Export, I-Sketch, SmartMarine, IntelliShip, INtools,
ISOGEN, MARIAN, SmartSketch, SPOOLGEN, SupportManager, SupportModeler, COADE, CAESAR II, CADWorx, PV Elite,
CODECALC, and TANK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intergraph Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States
and other countries. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Oracle, JD
Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Retek are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other brands and product
names are trademarks of their respective owners.

Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Technical Support .............................................................................................................................. 7
Program Interface Generalities .......................................................................................................... 8
Help ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Units ........................................................................................................................................... 9
In-Field Computations ................................................................................................................. 9
Error Checking ............................................................................................................................ 9
Program Capabilities ....................................................................................................................... 10
Installation............................................................................................................................................ 11
Hardware/Software Requirements ................................................................................................... 12
Installing TANK ................................................................................................................................ 12
Installing TANK in Silent Mode ......................................................................................................... 16
ESL Installation on a Network .......................................................................................................... 17
Software Revision Procedures ......................................................................................................... 18
Identifying Builds ....................................................................................................................... 18
Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version? ..................................................................................... 18
Announcing Builds ..................................................................................................................... 18
Obtaining Builds ........................................................................................................................ 18
What is Contained in a Specific Build? ....................................................................................... 19
Installing Builds ......................................................................................................................... 19
Detecting/Checking Builds ......................................................................................................... 19
Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched Version ................................................................... 20
Program Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 21
Computation Control Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) ....................................................................... 22
Database Definitions Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) ....................................................................... 24
Quick Start ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Starting TANK ................................................................................................................................. 25
Using the Main Menu ........................................................................................................................... 27
The File Menu ................................................................................................................................. 28
The Input Menu ............................................................................................................................... 29
The Analysis Menu .......................................................................................................................... 30
The Output Menu ............................................................................................................................. 31
The Tools Menu............................................................................................................................... 31
The Diagnostics Menu ..................................................................................................................... 32
The ESL Menu ................................................................................................................................ 34
The View Menu................................................................................................................................ 36
The Help Menu ................................................................................................................................ 36
TANK Input ........................................................................................................................................... 39
The Tank Description Page.............................................................................................................. 41
General Tank Data Dialog Box......................................................................................................... 42

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Contents
Tank Data Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) ........................................................................ 47
Shell Courses Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) .................................................................. 50
Wind Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)..................................................................... 51
Anchor Bolt Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)........................................................... 51
Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box ....................................................................................... 53
General Roof Specs Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) ....................................... 55
Supported Cone Roof Data Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) ............................. 57
Girder Rings Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) ................................................... 63
Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box ........................................................................................... 63
Seismic Data Tab (Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box) ...................................................... 64
Grillage Review Dialog Box .............................................................................................................. 65
Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box ............................................................................................................. 66
Cycle Life Data Dialog Box .............................................................................................................. 69
API 650 External Pressure (App V.) Dialog Box ............................................................................... 70
Shell Settlement Data ...................................................................................................................... 71
API-653 Service Measurement Data ................................................................................................ 72
Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) ..................................... 72
Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) .................................. 73
Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (API-653 Service Measurement Data
Dialog Box) ............................................................................................................................... 75
API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box .................................................................................... 76
Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad .................................................................................................... 78
Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box .............................................................................. 80
Error Checking ..................................................................................................................................... 83
Warning & Error Options .................................................................................................................. 84
Completing the Error Check Phase .................................................................................................. 85
Analysis/Solution Phase...................................................................................................................... 87
TANK Program Files ........................................................................................................................ 87
Solution Overview ............................................................................................................................ 88
Local Graphics Output ........................................................................................................................ 91
Tank Layout Sketch ......................................................................................................................... 92
Shell Settlement Plots ...................................................................................................................... 93
Nozzle Interaction Diagrams ............................................................................................................ 94
Supported Cone Roof Sketches ....................................................................................................... 97
Output Report Generation ................................................................................................................... 99
Output Report Discussions ............................................................................................................ 100
Job Title Page ......................................................................................................................... 100
User Input Data ....................................................................................................................... 101
Error Checker LOG File ........................................................................................................... 102
Solution Module TXT File ........................................................................................................ 103
Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights ....................................................................................... 103
Roof Evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 105
Seismic Analysis Results ......................................................................................................... 109
Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results ............................................................................................. 110
Settlement Checks .................................................................................................................. 111
API-2000 Venting Output ......................................................................................................... 112
API-650 Bolting Report ............................................................................................................ 113

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Contents
API-650 Cycle Life Output ....................................................................................................... 114
API-650 External Pressure Output ........................................................................................... 115
Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 117
Example Problem APP_K .............................................................................................................. 117
Example Problem O_WC ............................................................................................................... 117
Example Problem A_WC ............................................................................................................... 117
Example Problem KOCZWARA ..................................................................................................... 118
Example Problem B&Y .................................................................................................................. 118
Example Problem SSTEST1 .......................................................................................................... 118
Example Problem TEST1 .............................................................................................................. 118
Example Problem SSC1 ................................................................................................................ 118
Example Problem APP_P .............................................................................................................. 118
Example Problem EXTERN01 ....................................................................................................... 118
Example Problem SEIS01.............................................................................................................. 119
Appendix A - Program File List ......................................................................................................... 121
Main Set ........................................................................................................................................ 121
Help & Error Processing Set .......................................................................................................... 121
English Text Set ............................................................................................................................ 122
API Data Set.................................................................................................................................. 122
Examples Data Set ........................................................................................................................ 123
Appendix B - Standard Units Systems.............................................................................................. 125
Appendix C - List of Materials ........................................................................................................... 127
* ASTM Standards ......................................................................................................................... 127
* CSA Standards ........................................................................................................................... 128
* National Standards ...................................................................................................................... 128
* ISO 630....................................................................................................................................... 128
* Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant) ................................................................................. 128
* Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) ...................................................................... 129
* Unknown For API-653 ................................................................................................................. 129
Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives ................................................................................ 131
Appendix E - Revision History .......................................................................................................... 133
Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) ......................................................................................................... 133
Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) ......................................................................................................... 133
Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) ......................................................................................................... 133
Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) ....................................................................................................... 133
Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) ....................................................................................................... 133
Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) ......................................................................................................... 134
Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) ......................................................................................................... 134
Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) ......................................................................................................... 134
Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) ......................................................................................................... 134
Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) ......................................................................................................... 135
Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99)................................................................................................ 135
Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) ......................................................................................................... 136
Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) ......................................................................................................... 136
Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) ......................................................................................................... 136

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Contents
Version 1.31 Changes
Version 1.30 Changes
Version 1.20 Changes
Version 1.10 Changes

(2/96) ......................................................................................................... 137

(8/95) ......................................................................................................... 137
(11/94) ....................................................................................................... 138
(6/94) ......................................................................................................... 138

Appendix F - Selected References .................................................................................................... 139

Index ................................................................................................................................................... 141

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

SECTION 1

Introduction
TANK is a computer-based software tool for the design and analysis of large storage tanks using
the API-650 and API-653 design codes. TANK incorporates interactive dialogs for user input, cell
specific help for guidance and information, input validation to avoid run time errors, and extensive
diagnostics to assist in problem resolution.
This manual provides detailed instructions for the installation, configuration, and operation of the
program. Every effort has been made to create a user interface as obvious as possible. However,
when in doubt, rely on the help system, which can be launched by pressing F1.

Technical Support
Intergraph understands the engineers need to produce efficient, economical, and expeditious
designs. To that end, Intergraph has a staff of professionals ready to address questions raised by
users. TANK support is available by telephone, e-mail, fax, the web site, and by mail. It is
expected, however, that questions focus on the current version of the program.

Technical Support Phone Numbers and Email

Phone: 1+(281) 890-4566

Internet: [email protected]

Fax: 1+(281) 890-3301

Web: www.coade.com

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Introduction

Program Interface Generalities

The program interface has been designed to be obvious and easy to use. Several of the more
important interface characteristics are discussed in this section.

Help
One of the most important features of TANK is the help system, which is designed to be available
anytime input is required from the user. Help on a particular input box can be obtained by pressing
F1. After the help system has been activated, the appropriate information displays in an interactive
window. When the help text pertains to an input cell which is units specific, the help text includes
the expected input units in the title line.
These unit labels are dynamic and will change to reflect the currently active units file.

Figure 1: Sample Help Screen

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Introduction

Units
The second important feature of the TANK interface is the units system. The units system is
intended to provide consistent units sets while providing flexibility to switch between them. The
following points detail the characteristics of the units system:
Input Files - New and existing input files are always presented using the currently active set of
units. The expected units for each data cell are displayed on the dialog.
Selecting a Units File - Most users will work in one predominate units system so it is
important to select and set this system in the tool\configuration program. For more information
on the four standard supplied units systems, see Appendix B - Standard Units Systems (on
page 125).
Reviewing Output - Output reports are always generated at the time of the request using the
currently active units file. TANK provides the user with the ability to switch units for output
generation. This provides the ability to review the output in several sets of units without
re-running the analysis.
Creating Units Sets - Intergraph supplies four standard unit sets with TANK. In some
instances additional sets may be required. A utility program can be launched from the Main
Menu to generate additional unit files.

In-Field Computations
The third important feature of the interface is the ability to perform simple computations in the input
cells. For example, a corrosion allowance of 3/32 can be entered as 3/32 instead of 0.09375. The
four basic math operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) are supported in the
input cells. This input calculator feature is quite useful for quick conversions when a calculator is
out of reach.

Error Checking
A final point to note about the TANK interface is the error detection and diagnostic reporting
module. Even though TANK validates your input data, there is still the potential for abort
conditions to arise during the analysis. These conditions can be caused by system problems (full
hard disks) or API Code restrictions (Appendix A limits thicknesses to inch). When such a fatal
condition occurs, the program attempts to trap the error, assign it a numeric value which is
indexed to a database, and finally reports the problem to you. This diagnostic reporting can be
launched from any module of the program and utilizes the same interface as the help system.
After the review of a specific error message is complete, the diagnostic utility allows the review of
additional error messages if necessary. Upon exit from the diagnostic utility, user control is
returned to the Main menu.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Introduction

Program Capabilities
TANK incorporates the major considerations of API-650 Section 5 and several of the Appendices.
These include:
Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to either the variable point
method or the one foot method.
Wind girder computations for the top and up to five intermediate girders.
Minimum metal temperature reporting.
Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to Appendix A.
Seismic computations according to Appendix E.
Internal pressure considerations according to Appendix F.
Grillage computations according to Appendix I.
Material modifications due to temperature according to Appendix M.
Cycle Life computations according to Appendix M.
Nozzle flexibilities and limiting loads according to Appendix P, including the limiting load
interaction diagrams.
Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix S.
External pressure computations according to Appendix V.
Duplex Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix X.
An alternate nozzle stiffness calculation routine according to PVP-1279.
Tank sizing/costing scratch-pad
A Material Database editor
TANK also incorporates the following considerations from API-653:
Material modifications according to Section 2.3.
Shell Settlement evaluation according to Appendix B.
Retiring thicknesses and remaining corrosion allowance.
Corroded hydrotest case
Shell thickness evaluations using individual joint efficiencies and L locations
Bottom Plate minimum thickness determinations
Hydrotest heights
TANK can also design or analyze a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined in
Brownell & Young. TANK also incorporates venting computations from API-2000.
TANK relies on a great deal of data specified in the API codes. This includes the material data
from Table 5.2, and digitized data from Appendix P. Other data tables have also been
incorporated into the program where necessary.
Every effort is made to insure that TANK is up to date with the current codes.

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Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

SECTION 2

Installation
To begin the installation of TANK, insert the CD into the drive. The installation routine will start and
the following control menu displays.

CD Content
Additional Installations - Includes options to install the HASP.
Browse the CD - Displays Windows Explorer focused on the root of the CD. Additional
documents and content can be reviewed from this window.
Additional Products - Displays a single page describing other Intergraph Analysis products.
Contact Intergraph - Displays contact information for the Analysis Group at Intergraph.

Services
Training - Displays a web page with the seminar schedule for the various analysis products.
Support Forum - Displays Internet Explorer focused on the TANK Discussion Forum.
The main (center) portion of the menu provides options to install TANK or review a number of
important documents without installing anything. These options include:
Install TANK - Launches the main installation process, which installs TANK, the HASP drivers,
and all associated documentation.
TANK Information - Displays Internet Explorer focused on the TANK Information Page.
Release Notes - Displays a PDF document detailing the recent changes made to this new version
of TANK.
ReadMe File - Displays a text file discussing the installation steps, the system requirements, and
the CD contents.
License Agreement - Displays the TANK License Agreement.

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11

Installation
The License Agreement file is an RTF document and may not display properly without an
RTF viewer.
Installation Instructions - Displays a PDF document containing these instructions.
HASP Licensing Overview - Displays a summary of the Aladdin (SafeNet) HASP Licensing
System.
HASP Trouble Shooting - Displays a document with troubleshooting procedures in the event
there are issues with the licensing.

Hardware/Software Requirements
Software Requirements
Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista (Ultimate, Business, or Enterprise), or Windows 7
(Ultimate, Professional, or Business)
SmartPlant License Manager (optional)
Home editions of the Windows operating system are not supported.

Hardware Requirements
minimum of 2.0 Ghz processor
minimum 1 GB of RAM
graphics card with 1024x768 resolution or better
256 MB of video RAM or better

Installing TANK
We recommend that nothing else be running while the installation program runs. Most
unsuccessful installation attempts can be attributed to other software running at the same time as
the installation.
1. Insert the TANK CD into your computer.
If the setup does not start automatically, double-click CDSpawn.exe in the root CD
folder.
2. Click Install TANK to begin the installation.

The installation extracts all the necessary files and optionally installs any prerequisites
needed.

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Installation
3. Click Next on the welcome page.

4. Read the license agreement.

5. If you accept the license agreement, select I accept the terms in the license agreement,
and then click Next.
-ORIf you do not accept the license agreement, select I do not accept the terms in the license
agreement, and then click Cancel. You cannot install the software without first accepting the
terms of the license agreement.
6. The default destination folder is C:\Program Files\Intergraph\<product name>, where
<product name> reflects the program name and version. To install the software in another
location, click Change.

7. Click Next to continue.

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13

Installation
8. Select the license type that you have.
If you are using a network ESL key, select the key color.
If you are using SmartPlant License Manager, select the SPLM license option. You must
install SmartPlant License Manager on this computer and configure the license server for
TANK to run.

An additional dialog box displays to allow one last chance to exit the installation.
9. Click Install to install the software using the parameters that you have defined.

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Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Installation
As the installation progresses, the status displays.

10. After the TANK files have been installed, the HASP device driver installation starts to install
the driver for the hardware lock. Click OK.
If you selected SmartPlant License Manager as your license type, you are not
prompted to install the HASP driver. Skip to step 11.

After successfully installing the HASP device driver, the following dialog box displays. If this
dialog does not display, installation of the driver was not successful and the software will not
run.

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15

Installation
11. Select Show the readme file to view the readme.doc file.

12. Click Finish.

Because a device driver was loaded, it is a good idea to restart Windows.

13. Click Yes to reboot your computer now. Click No to reboot later.

Installing TANK in Silent Mode

In some instances it may be necessary to install TANK without dealing with the dialogs, such as a
network installation or a corporate repackaging. To launch TANK in silent mode, with no
interaction from you, perform these steps:
1. Navigate to the TANK subfolder on the CD.
2. Issue the installation command as detailed below. Typically the ESL_ON_MACHINE and
INSTALL_SILENT options are not necessary.

Command
Cmd= setup.exe /v"/qb PROPERTY_NAME="value" PROPERTY_NAME2="Value""
The /v switch is to pass msi commands
The /qb is a silent switch

Example:
This example installs silently with ESL color green.
Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Green""
This example installs silently with ESL color red and ESL install locally.
Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Red" ESL_ON_MACHINE="Yes""

Properties
INSTALLDIR - The path to load the installation files.
<target_dir>

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Installation
ESL_COLOR - The ESL color.
Red
Green
ESL_ON_MACHINE - This is only set if ESL color is red which is if the ESL will be on local
machine or server)
Yes
No
INSTALL_SILENT - Is to tell the install it's silent
Yes
No

ESL Installation on a Network

Intergraph ICAS software programs support "local" ESLs and "network" ESLs. Both types of ESLs
are intended to be attached to the USB ports of the applicable computers. The local ESLs provide
the maximum flexibility in using the software, because these devices can be moved between
computers (such as between desktops and laptops). If your computer uses a local ESL, you can
skip the remainder of this section.
The network ESL must be attached to the USB port of a computer on the network (this can be a
workstation or the file server). The file server is a better location for this ESL, because the
computer is usually always on. If the network ESL is attached to a workstation, the workstation
must be running and/or logged onto the network before anyone can use the software.
In order for the network to recognize the ESL, you must load a utility program must be loaded on
the machine controlling the ESL. The actual utility used depends on whether the ESL is on the file
server or a workstation and the type of network. The drivers for network ESL usage can be found
in the sub-directory ASSIDRV beneath the TANK program folder. The documentation files in this
sub-folder contain instructions for a variety of networks and operating systems.

Windows Server Installation

For a Windows server installation, refer to the documentation files NETHASP.TXT and
ESL_RED.TXT found in the Assidrv subfolder for network specific instructions.

Network ESLs Notes

There are advantages and disadvantages to using a network ESL. The prime advantage is that
many users (up to the number of licenses) have access (from a variety of computers) to the
software on a single server.
The main disadvantage is that users cannot transfer the ESL between computers in order to take
the software to a remote location.
Because both a network and several local ESLs can be used on the same computer (there is no
network-specific version of the software), we recommend that only 70 to 80 percent of the licenses
be assigned to a network ESL. The remaining 20 to 30 percent of the licenses should be assigned
to local ESLs. This enables the local ESLs to be moved between computers to run the software at
remote locations. Alternatively, if all of the licenses are on the network ESL, a user must then be
logged into the network to access the software. A few local ESLs provide greater flexibility.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

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Installation

Software Revision Procedures

Intergraph software products are not static; they change continually to reflect engineering code
addenda, operational enhancements, user requests, operating system modifications, and
corrections. New versions are planned and targeted for a specific release date. However, there
may be corrections necessary to the currently shipping version, before the next version can be
released. When this occurs, a correction to the currently shipping version is made. This correction
is referred to as a Build.
Changes and corrections are accumulated until an error producing incorrect results is found.
When this occurs, the build is finalized, announced, and posted to the Web site. Some Intergraph
users have expressed concern over tracking, archiving, and distributing the various builds
generated between major releases. In order to alleviate this problem for our users, all
maintenance builds for new releases contain all previous builds. In other words, Build Y contains
Build X. This increases the download size and time required to obtain the build, but only one build
is required at any given time.

Identifying Builds
When posted on the Web, builds are identified with the program identifier and the date the build
was generated. Builds have a naming convention that resembles the following format:
<TK>7.x<date>.exe.
The file name format consists of a two character program abbreviation, the version indicator, and
the build date. After the file has been downloaded and installed, the build date displays at the
bottom right side of the Main menu, and also displays when you click Help > About.

Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version?

No! As new versions are released, additional input items become necessary and must be stored
in the program data files. In addition, file formats change; databases grow, and so on. A build is
intended for one specific version of the software. Using a build on a different version (without
specific advice from Intergraph personnel) is a sure way to cripple the software.

Announcing Builds
When a build becomes available, all users who have registered the software are sent an email
announcement. It is therefore imperative that you register the software following installation.

Obtaining Builds
Builds are posted to the website (http://www.coade.com). The builds are arranged in
sub-directories by program. Each file contained in the directory includes a description defining
what it contains, its size, and the date it was created. Determine which build file you need and
download it.

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Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Installation

What is Contained in a Specific Build?

Each build file contains a file named BUILD.TXT. This is an ASCII text file that can be viewed with
any text editor or spooled to a printer. This text file contains a description of all corrections and
enhancements that have been made to the software since the original release of this specific
version. When necessary, additional usage instructions may be found in this file.

Installing Builds
The Build file is an InstallShield update package. Simply double-click the build file (the exe),
follow any prompts, and the software installation will update appropriately.

Detecting/Checking Builds
When a build is ready to be released, the Main menu module is revised to reflect the build level.
This allows you to see, on the Main Program menu, which build is in use. To see which program
modules have been modified, you can run a COADE utility program from within the program
directory.
From the Utility > Tools menu, click COADE EXE Scanner. This option scans each of the EXE
modules in the program directory and lists its size, memory requirements, and build bevel. A
sample display from this utility is shown in the figure below.

Figure 2: Build Version Dialog Box

Reviewing this table shows which modules have been patched and to what level.

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Installation

Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched Version

When a new version of the software is released, you should still keep the distribution CD from the
previous release. Additionally, any builds obtained should also be archived with the original CD.
This will allow full use of this version at some later time, if it becomes necessary.
To reinstall an older version of the software, the distribution CD should be installed first. Then, the
last build should be installed. Each build includes the modifications made in all prior builds.

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Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

SECTION 3

Program Configuration
Through the configuration program, you can configure program computations and databases. The
configuration program can be started directly from the Main menu by selecting Tools >
Configuration.
The first task of this module is to locate an existing setup file to use as a starting template. The
program first looks for an existing configuration file in the current directory. If a configuration file is
not found in the current directory, the configuration file from the program installation directory is
used. After the template configuration file has been read, the program displays its menu, shown in
the Figure below.

Figure 3: Configuration Dialog Box

Computation Control Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) (on page 22)

Database Definitions Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) (on page 24)

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Program Configuration

Computation Control Tab (Configuration Dialog Box)

Modifies the operation of the program.
Roof Projection in Wind Moment - By default, the program includes the triangular projection of
the roof in the determination of the wind moment. If it is necessary to ignore the roof projection,
and only include the tank shell projection, disable this check box.
Generate Message File? - Enables the creation of an intermediate data file, containing
computation results not presented in the formal output reports. Information contained in this file
includes:
Iteration data during variable point solutions
Interpolation points from API curves and graphs
Many other intermediate results
The file created by this option will reside in the current data directory and is named
{jobname}.TXT. This file can be printed or viewed with any standard text editor. This file can also
be viewed from the menu using Tools > File Review > Message File.
Corroded Nozzles? - Indicates whether or not the flexibility computations of API-650 Appendix P
should consider corrosion. BY DEFAULT CORROSION IS NOT CONSIDERED.
If this check box is checked, the corrosion of the first shell course is used to modify the thickness
used in the Appendix P computations FOR THE DESIGN CASE ONLY.
653 Corroded Hydrotest Case? - This directive allows the user to consider the HYDROTEST
case in a corroded condition - ONLY FOR API-653 RUNS. The default condition is not to corrode
the TEST case, which is consistent with API-650. However, it may be desirable for API-653 tanks
to consider a future hydrotest, by assuming a corroded TEST case.
Cleared - Indicates that the TEST case should not be corroded. This is consistent with API-650
and is the program default.
Selected - Indicates that the TEST case should include the corrosion allowance that you have
specified.
Modify Fluid Height by Pressure? - Considers the effects of internal pressure in the
determination of the shell course thicknesses. By default, TANK follows API-650 exactly in
computing the required shell course thicknesses (by One- Foot, Variable Point, or the Appendix A
methods). However, you may need to account for internal pressure by increasing the fluid head.
If this directive is checked, then the methodology of Section F.7.1 is implemented for all three
thickness computation methods. Essentially, the Operating Liquid Level will be increased by
(P/12G).
Full Shell Weight in Appendix F - Specifies whether or not the corroded shell weight should be
used in the computations of API-650 Appendix F (for internal pressure considerations). By default,
this directive is selected, which instructs TANK to use the full shell weight in Appendix F.
Clearing this directive instructs the program to use the corroded shell weight in the computations
of Appendix F.
Shell Thickness Convergence - Sets the convergence tolerance for the thickness design when
the variable point method is used. By default this value is .005 inches (.127mm).
Cosine Curve Tolerance - Alters the convergence tolerance for the solution of the optimum
cosine curve. This is necessary for API- 653, Appendix B computations. If there are convergence
problems with the current data set, the following steps should be taken:
1. Review and verify the shell settlement input data.
2. Adjust this convergence tolerance upward.

22

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Program Configuration
Increasing the convergence tolerance reduces the accuracy of the solution. Alternatively,
increase the iteration limit.
Cosine Curve Iteration Limit - Specifies the maximum number of iterations performed by the
program during the API-653, Appendix B settlement evaluation. If convergence problems exist
with the current data set, try increasing the iteration limit to possibly converge.
Increasing the iteration limit causes the solution to take longer.
Wind Girder Shell Thickness - Indicates which shell course thickness the program uses in the
wind girder computations. There are two choices as detailed below:
MAX - The wind girder computation routine uses the maximum thickness for the shell courses,
obtained from the design and test cases, IGNORING corrosion. The reasoning behind this setting
is that the entire shell course will not be completely corroded.
DESIGN - The wind girder computation routine uses the DESIGN thickness less any user
specified corrosion allowance.
Shell Settlement Method - Indicates which method should be used in computing the optimum
cosine curve for determining the out- of-plane shell deflection. The available methods are:
FOURIER SERIES - Implements the procedure outlined in the paper Simple Method Calculates
Tank Shell Distortion, by F. A. Koczwara, published in Hydrocarbon Processing, August 1980.
LEAST SQUARES - Employs a least squares approach to the solution of the optimum cosine
curve.
Thickness Roundup to Nearest - Specifies a thickness increment which is used to determine the
final value of the shell thicknesses. THE COMPUTED VALUE OF THICKNESS IS ROUNDED
UP TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF THE INCREMENT. For example, if this directive is set to
0.125 (1/8 inch) and the computed shell course thickness is 0.2671 inches, the final value reported
will be 0.375 inches.
Setting this directive to 0.0 disables thickness round up and the computed values of shell
thickness are reported unaltered in the output.
Plate Material Density - Specifies the value to be used for the density of the plate materials. This
value is used to compute the weight of the shell, roof, and bottom plates.
Round Anchor Bolts By - Specifies how anchor bolts are selected by the program. By default,
the number of bolts will be a multiple of 4. However, by changing this directive any multiple can be
selected.
The value entered here must be a whole number, such as 2, 3, 4, and so on.
Wind Moment in Appendix F - Specifies which wind moment is to be used in the computations of
Appendix F. By default the program will use the moment computed from Section 5.9.7.1 in
Appendix F computations. However, if necessary, the wind moment computed from Section 5.11
can be used.
The wind pressure computed according to Section 5.9.7.1 (based on the wind velocity) is
used for the wind girder design; the wind pressure according to Section 5.11 is used for Over
Turning Stability. This directive only affects which wind moment is passed into Appendix F for the
allowed pressure in Section F.4.2.
Reload last file at startup - Enables the program to reload the last data file active during the last
TANK session. Clearing this directive causes the program to startup without data. In this condition,
the user must create a new input file or browse to open an existing input file.
Save to Program Directory - If cleared (the default condition), the configuration file is written to
the current data directory. Alternatively, selecting this option causes the configuration file to be
written to the program directory.
When a job file's input is saved, the current configuration is becomes a part of the input.
Subsequent changes to the configuration do not change an existing job unless the input is
resaved.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

23

Program Configuration
Different data directories can exist for different projects or clients. Each data directory can contain
its own configuration file, which may be unique. This allows the program to behave differently for
different projects or clients.
If a data directory does not contain a configuration file, the settings from the configuration file in the
program directory are used. Whenever the configuration module is invoked in a new data
directory, the starting settings are also acquired from the configuration file in the program
directory.

Database Definitions Tab (Configuration Dialog Box)

Specifies the data files the program references for units, structural shapes and materials.
Material File - Select the material file to use. The possible selections for this box are determined
by the program by scanning the installation directory. Only valid Intergraph supplied material files
display in this list.
Units File - Select the units file to use. The possible selections for this box are determined by the
program by scanning the current directory, followed by a scan of the installation directory.
Duplicate files found in the installation directory are ignored. A maximum of ten unit files can be
manipulated by this program.
You can generate additional custom unit files if necessary by using the Tools > Make Units
command.
This box specifies which unit file the software will use to generate all subsequent new input files
and all output reviews.
Structural Database - Specifies the structural database for use in the supported cone roof design
module. Database files are supplied by Intergraph and support U.S. as well as International shape
libraries.
Shape libraries are available for the following countries:
Australia
Germany
Korea
South Africa
United Kingdom
United States of America
Anchor Bolt Database - Specifies the anchor bolt database. Available options are:
TEMA Imperial for use with Imperial units
TEMA Metric for use with SI Units
BS-3643 for British Standard bolts
SABS-1700 for South African Bolts

24

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

SECTION 4

Quick Start
This section provides instructions on how to get TANK running without reading the entire manual.
It is assumed, that the program has been properly installed and configured. For more information,
see Installation (on page 11) and Program Configuration (on page 21).

Starting TANK
Start TANK by selecting TANK from the Start menu or the desktop icon. The main menu is the
control center from which jobs can be selected, defined, analyzed, and reviewed.
Use the Edit menu or the toolbar icons to specify or update the input. After the input has been
defined, it must be error checked. The error checker validates the data for numeric consistency
(such as diameters and thicknesses must be positive), and to enforce and API code requirements
(such as thicknesses cannot be less than the course above). If there are errors in the input data,
analysis is prohibited - you must correct these errors before proceeding. Warning messages are
acceptable to the program - you should ensure that warning messages are acceptable to the
current tank analysis. For more information on the error checker, see Error Checking (on page
83).
Assuming that error checking completed successfully, an intermediate data file is created for
analysis; and control is returned to the main menu. From here, select Analyze Only to start the
analysis module. The analysis module displays the program execution screen which monitors the
status of the solution. Upon completion of the analysis, a solution data file is created and control is
again returned to the main menu.
After a solution data file is available, you can select one of the Output menu options.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

25

Quick Start
The analysis does not have to be re-run (unless the input data changes) prior to each
output review session. As long as the job input parameters remain fixed, the output module can be
launched as many times as required to interactively review the results or generate reports.

Figure 4: Output Control Dialog Box

When you are finished reviewing the output, quit the output processor. Focus then returns to the
Main menu. The steps outlined above are summarized below.
1. From the Start menu, click TANK.
2. Select a job, either new or old.
3. Define the input data. The error checker is launched from the Analysis menu.
4. Analyze the input data by selecting Analysis > Analyze Only.
5. Select an option from the Output menu to review the analysis results and generate output
reports.

26

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

SECTION 5

Using the Main Menu

As discussed in Quick Start, launch TANK by selecting TANK from the Start menu, or by double
clicking the desktop icon. The Main menu is the point from which all decisions are made
concerning what job is to be analyzed and what program function is to be launched.

Figure 5: Main Menu

The menu options allow input data definition, analysis, output review, configuration, utility tools,
diagnostics, and help. The toolbar buttons are primarily concerned with the input options, but also
include output review (both text and graphics), the Material Database editor, and ESL review.
The Main menu contains all of the options available in TANK. The options are arranged in groups,
corresponding to the major topics on the menu.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

27

Using the Main Menu

The File Menu

The File menu consists of the standard Windows options for opening, saving, and printing the
input for a specific job. Recently accessed jobs can be accessed from the most recently used list
without the need to browse the hard disk.
TANK can automatically start up and read in the data for the last job analyzed by selecting
Tools > Configuration.

Figure 6: File Menu

28

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Using the Main Menu

The Input Menu

The Input menu contains all of the input options necessary to define a TANK job. The input menu
categorizes the data into logical groups, each accessed from the menu.
The icon to the left of the menu text is identical to the tool bar icon. Both the menu and the
tool bar produce the same input dialog screen.

Figure 7: Input Menu

The input options are discussed in detail in TANK Input (on page 39). Upon completion of the
input, the Analysis Menu should be used to verify and/or analyze the job.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

29

Using the Main Menu

The Analysis Menu

The Analysis Menu contains three options: Error Check, Analyze, and Error Check and
Analyze.

Error Check - Starts the error checker. TANK will not analyze a job until the input has been
successfully error checked. If the input data successfully passes the error checker, an analysis file
for the job is written, with a .TKE suffix. Details of the error checker can be found in Error Checking
(on page 83).
Analyze - Starts the solution module, which produces the output file for the job. The analysis
module performs the solution step, either designing a tank or re-rating a tank, based on your input
parameters.
The Analyze option is deactivated until the .TKE file is written by the error checker.

Figure 8: Solution Phase Status Dialog Box

Each solution step required for a particular job is enabled in bold text. Steps not required are
disabled, (grayed out). As each phase is completed, an asterisk is placed to the left of the task
description. The start-up of the analysis processor is dependent on the data file created by the
error checker. If the verified problem data, written to the .TKE file, cannot be located, the analysis
module aborts with a fatal error message and control returns to the Main menu. This usually
indicates that either error checking was not performed, or the input data contained errors and no
.TKE file was generated. In any event, the analysis phase cannot commence without the verified
input data. For more information on the analysis processor, see Analysis/Solution Phase (on page
87).
Error Check and Analyze - Starts the error checker, and if the input passes the error checker,
automatically starts the solution module. Control is returned to the user on the output review
control panel.

30

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Using the Main Menu

The Output Menu

The Output Menu contains options for viewing text based reports, viewing graphical results, and
changing the time stamp in the report headers. For viewing text based reports, three options are
available: overwrite reports, append reports, and review latest reports.

Figure 9: Output Menu

These options allow a variety of output reports to be created, in multiple units systems if
necessary.
Overwrite Reports - Creates a new set of output reports, in the current units system, completely
replacing any existing reports.
Append Reports - Generates a new set of reports, in the current units system, at the end of the
last set of reports.
Review Latest Reports - Displays the output review control panel.
Local Graphics - Starts the graphics processor. This processor shows the results of the analysis
graphically. Nozzle load interaction diagrams, shell settlement graphs, and supported cone roof
designs can be viewed in this manner. For more information on output processing, see Local
Graphics Output (on page 91).
Time Stamp - Specifies the time / date stamp for report headers. If this data is not specified, the
current CPU time and date are used.

The Tools Menu

The Tools menu contains miscellaneous options for program configuration, custom units
systems, the Material Database editor, the batch stream processor and a text file review option.

Figure 10: Tools Menu

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31

Using the Main Menu

Configuration - Presents a tabbed dialog box which allows the alteration of computation
parameters and database directives. For details of the program configuration, see Program
Configuration (on page 21).
Custom Units - Starts a processor where existing units files can be reviewed or new unit files can
be created. The use of this processor is discussed later in this chapter.
Material Database Editor - Starts a processor which can be used to add materials to the current
TANK database. The use of this processor is discussed later in this chapter.
Batch Stream Processor - Displays a dialog where a number of jobs can be selected for
subsequent analysis. The use of this option is discussed later in this chapter.
File Review - Starts Notepad to review a selected data file. The file is created by a prior analysis.
There are three files which can be reviewed in this manner: the error check log file, the batch log
file, and the solution message file.
Error Check Log File - Contains a listing of the errors and warning messages generated during
the verification of the input data.
Batch Log File - Contains a record of the start and stop times of the various processors launched
during the solution of all job files selected for a multiple (batch stream) analysis.
Message File - Contains intermediate results and code data produced during the solution phase.
This information is useful in determining how certain values in the output were computed.
Calculator - Displays a calculator that you can use to perform mathematical computations.

The Diagnostics Menu

The Diagnostics menu provides a number of tools to verify the integrity of the software and
determine reasons for possible program difficulties.

Figure 11: Diagnostics Menu

32

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Using the Main Menu

CRC Check - Performs a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on all of the program modules and data
files in the program directory. The computed CRC value for each file is compared against the one
computed by Intergraph and provided with the software. If the values do not match, then the file
has been corrupted in some manner. Corruption could indicate bad distribution media, a bad spot
on the hard disk where the software was installed, or a virus infection. If a CRC Check error
occurs, the offending file must be replaced for successful program operation.

Figure 12: CRC Check Dialog Box

Build Version Checker - Scans each of the program modules and reports its internal version
number. This utility is useful in determining if the current installation is up-to-date with any
modifications available. This option also aids in detecting out of date modules and improper
program installations. This utility presents the information dialog as shown in the following figure.
This display is initially presented sorted alphabetically by program/module name. However,
clicking on any of the column titles will re-sort the display according to the selected column.

Figure 13: Build Version Dialog Box

Error Review Module - Allows the user to review the explanation for a particular error number.
Should a fatal error occur, the software attempts to invoke this module automatically. However, if

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

33

Using the Main Menu

the explanation of a particular error is required at a later time, this module can be launched
manually from the Diagnostic menu.

Figure 14: Error Explanation Dialog Box

The ESL Menu

The ESL menu provides access to various functions which allow reporting and modification of the
data stored on the ESL. The ESL is the External Software Lock, which is required to access the
software. If there is an access problem with the ESL, most of the Main menu items will be
disabled. However, all options on the ESL menu will still be active (as well as those on the
Diagnostic menu).

Figure 15: ESL Menu

34

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Using the Main Menu

In addition to allowing basic access to the software, the ESL contains a set of memory registers in
which your information is stored. This information consists of the client name, and ID number, date
or run limits, versioning information, and the time stamp of the last access. This information can be
viewed by clicking View ESL Information, or by clicking the ESL icon.

Figure 16: ESL Information Display Dialog Box

Click Log File to create a .TXT file of the information, suitable for transmission to Intergraph via
fax or e-mail. The actual file name will be ESLxxxxx.TXT, where xxxxx is the ID number of the
ESL. The file will reside in the programs \system folder.
Occasionally, some of this date may require updating in the field. These updates encompass
changes requested by the client, usually to extend limits, reset a date, or change the client name.
The first two options of the ESL menu facilitate this task.
Phone Update - Starts an interactive procedure, generating data for the user, and accepting
instructions from the user. This interactive procedure requires the assistance of Intergraph
personnel, to interact with the user on the telephone.
Generate Fax Codes - Displays a dialog box with three numeric codes. These codes should be
transmitted to Intergraph (either by fax or e-mail) with a request for exactly what ESL data should
be modified. This option is similar to the phone update option, except that it does not require the
interaction of Intergraph personnel.
Receive and Enter Fax Codes - Displays a grid on which you can specify each set of four
numeric codes, as generated by the Intergraph support staff. Each needed change to the ESL
requires one set of four numeric codes. Each set of four codes should be entered on a single

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

35

Using the Main Menu

horizontal row in the grid. When all codes have been entered, click OK to enable the changes to
the ESL. Use this option when you receive the reauthorization codes from Intergraph.

The View Menu

The View menu contains standard switches to enable or disable the various toolbars and the
status bar, found in the frame area of the Main menu. By default, all options are selected.

Figure 17: View Menu

The Help Menu

The Help menu contains a number of information options. .

Figure 18: Help Menu

36

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Using the Main Menu

Help Topics -Starts the HTML help system, and places the user on the main control panel. This
HTML help system gives you access to all of the help topics, in a hierarchical structure. In some
instances, there may be links from one topic to another, giving the user added information on a
topic if all of the links are followed. Additionally, the help system includes tables and graphics
where appropriate. In order for the HTML help system to function, Microsoft's Internet Explorer
must be installed on the system.

Figure 19: Help Window

Typically, the HTML help system will be launched during a data input session, when additional
information is required for a particular input item. In this case, pressing F1 displays the help
system, with the selected topic displayed in the viewing (right hand) pane. After you have started
the HTML help system, you can browse any other topic simply by navigating through the left hand
pane. Additionally, the Search tab can be used to scan for a particular word or phrase. The
Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis is provided in on-line HTML format. The entire manual can
be reviewed from this menu option.
Online Documentation - Starts your PDF reader for review of the Intergraph TANK API 650/653
Analysis. This document is maintained in PDF format and is installed with the software. If you want
a complete hard copy of this manual should print the PDF, instead of the HTML version.
Animated Tutorials - Starts the tutorials that accompany the software. Use these tutorials to
assist with understanding how to use the software.
Tip of the Day - Displays the next tip, normally shown at program start-up. The Tip of the Day is a
collection of informative points about the software, normally presented at program start-up. This
display dialog also includes a check box to disable the automatic display of the tips at start-up.
Info - Displays a dialog box containing Intergraph contact information. The bottom half of this
dialog box contains links to Intergraphs website and an e-mail activation.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

37

Using the Main Menu

On-Line Registration - Starts automatically after program installation. This automatic invocation
occurs once. After the first time, this menu option must be used to bring up the registration form.
After completing this form, click Send to transmit the data on the form to a web-based List Server.
Check for Updates - Provides access to the Intergraph web site to determine if there is a newer
update to the version of TANK currently in use. This option saves you from navigating through the
Intergraph web site to determine if an update is available. This option should be launched at least
once a month to ensure the software remains current. (An Internet connection is required to use
this option.)
About TANK - Displays a dialog box showing the current operating system, its version number,
the TANK version number, and the amount of memory installed.

38

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

SECTION 6

TANK Input
The first step in the design or analysis of a tank is to generate an input file which describes the
characteristics of the tank. Each tank requires an input file, with a unique job name, for each
configuration to be studied. All of the tank particulars and descriptive information are stored in this
input file. The input file name consists of the job name as the prefix, followed by a .TKI suffix.
The input process can be started by selecting any option from the Input menu, or by clicking the
desired toolbar icons.

Figure 20: Input Menu

TANK separates the input data into logical categories. Each category addresses a specific code
requirement on design task. Of all these various groups, the General Tank Data group is
required in all cases, for all tanks. Each of these groups is discussed briefly below, then in
detail in the remaining sections of this chapter.
Title Page - Provides the ability to describe, in words, the tank being studied. This editing buffer is
75 characters in width by 60 lines in length. Details of the TANK Title Page are discussed in
Section 6.1. Use of this dialog is optional, but is highly recommended. The tool bar icons
associated with this option are:
Displays the Title Page dialog.
Restores the title page to its default.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

39

TANK Input
Activates the General Tank Data dialog. As mentioned above, data must be provided on
this dialog for every tank analyzed. This information consists of the diameter, the number
of courses, the course height, course thickness, course material, fluid depth, fluid specific
gravity, temperature, pressure, external loads, and the desired code. For more information,
see General Tank Data Dialog Box (on page 42).
Activates the Roof Specification Parameters dialog. This dialog provides for the input of
roof descriptive parameters. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650
Appendix F, and in the text by Brownell & Young. This dialog is an optional input,
depending on the tank. For more information, see Roof Specification Parameters Dialog
Box (on page 53).
Activates the Seismic Data Specifications dialog. This dialog is used to describe the
seismic parameters associated with the tank location. The computations that use this data
can be found in API-650 Appendix E. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the
tank. For more information, see Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box (on page 63).
Activates the Grillage Review dialog. This dialog is used to specify the grillage
parameters. The specifics of this computation can be found in API-650 Appendix I, Section
I.7. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see
Grillage Review Dialog Box (on page 65).
Activates the Nozzle Stiffness dialog. This dialog allows the specification of up to fifteen
low nozzles on the tank. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650
Appendix P. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information,
see Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box (on page 66).
Activates the Appendix M Cycle Life Data specification. This data is used in the
procedures outlined in API-650 Appendix M to determine the allowed number of fill-empty
cycles the tank can undergo without a detailed stress analysis. This dialog is an optional
input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Cycle Life Data Dialog Box (on
page 69).
Activates the Appendix V External Pressure dialog. This data is used to determine the
external pressure capacity of the tank. For more information, see API 650 External
Pressure (App V.) Dialog Box (on page 70).
Activates the Shell Settlement Data dialog. This data is used in the procedures outlined in
API-653 Appendix B to determine the maximum and allowed out-of-plane settlement of the
tank shell. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information,
see Shell Settlement Data (on page 71).
Activates the API-653 Service Measurement Data dialog. For more information, see
API-653 Service Measurement Data (on page 72).
Activates the API-2000 Venting Data dialog. This data is used to determine the necessary
venting for in-breathing, out-breathing, and fire. For more information, see API-2000
Venting Requirements Dialog Box (on page 76).
Activates the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This Scratch-pad allows the user
to estimate tank sizes and plate costs for a range of tank dimensions. For more
information, see Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad (on page 78).
Launches the computation engine for the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This
option is only active after data has been entered on the Scratch-pad.

40

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input
Transfers the minimum cost tank (results) from the Scratch-pad, to the General Data
dialog. This serves as a good starting point for a tank design.
As with most software programs, there is an option to save the current state of the input data to a
file. With TANK, users can save the input by using the File menu, or by clicking the Diskette icon.
We suggest that the input be manually saved frequently during any extended editing session.
Beginning an analysis will also save the data (automatically), but it is always best to be on the safe
side and save the data yourself too.

The Tank Description Page

The Tank Description Page provides a way to document, with the input data, any peculiarities of
the tank or any special notes. Select Input > Title Page > Title Page Data or click
toolbar to activate the Tank Description Page dialog.

on the

Figure 21: Title Page Dialog Box

The buffer to store the data for this page is sized for 60 lines of 75 characters. If necessary, this
dialog can be scrolled to view any additional lines. Standard Windows editing functions are
available on this dialog.
The Input > Title Page menu option provides two sub-options. The first displays the title
page, the second replaces the title page contents with a default title page, found in the file
TITLE.HED. The default title page can also be loaded by clicking

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

on the toolbar.

41

TANK Input

General Tank Data Dialog Box

The General Tank Data dialog box allows you to specify all of the basic characteristics of the tank
that is currently under study. This dialog box consists of four tabs: Tank Data, Shell Courses, Wind
Details, and Anchor Bolt Details.

Figure 22: Tank Data Tab

The options on the Tank Data tab allow you to specify the overall characteristics of the tank. For
each input cell, a descriptive comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the
expected units display to the right of the input cell.

42

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input
The input for Default Shell Course Material is a general field, used as the default for all
individual shell courses. The [] button to the right of the input cell displays a context menu which
allows entry into the active Material Database or the manual modification of the properties for the
specified material. This context menu is shown below.

Figure 23: Material Context Menu

If you click Database on this context menu, the software displays the Material Selection dialog
box (shown below), in which you can select any valid material from the active database.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

43

TANK Input
Alternatively, you can also click Tools > Configuration to select or change the active
database.

Figure 24: Material Selection Dialog Box

If you click Edit Properties in the context menu, the software displays the Material Properties
dialog box (shown below), which you can use to override or modify the properties retrieved from
the database for a particular tank.

Figure 25: Material Properties Dialog Box

44

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input
The material and its properties specified on the Shell Courses tab are used as default values for
all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to change the material, if necessary,
on a course-by-course basis. The Shell Courses tab displays a grid where the height, thickness,
corrosion allowance, material name, material design stress, and material test stress can be
specified for each shell course.

Figure 26: Shell Courses Tab

The design and test stress values for the specified material are normally acquired from the
Material Database. Initially, all courses acquire the same material, as specified on the Tank
Data tab. However, as necessary, specific shell courses may be assigned a different material,
or the material for specific courses may be manually modified by the user. When you
right-click the Material cell, the software displays the Material context menu, as described
previously.
For carbon steels from Table 3-2, the program fills in the Sd and St values. For stainless
steels, the value used for Sd is unknown until run-time. Therefore, for stainless materials, the
allowable versus temperature table displays in the right-most grid columns of this dialog. For
stainless materials, the value of Sd (on this dialog) is shown as zero. The actual value used in
the calculations is reported in the output.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

45

TANK Input
The Wind Details tab is used to define detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7. If these
times are not defined, TANK will use the recommended API 650 defaults.

Figure 27: Wind Details Tab

The Anchor Bolt Details tab is used to define the data necessary for the program to design
anchorage, if necessary. API-650 Section 5.12 defines a number of different cases which must be
evaluated (depending on the tank), and may result in the design of required anchorage.
The Anchor Bolt Diameter and Number of Anchor Bolts fields are optional inputs.
The Bolt Allowable Stress option is no longer used (as of API-650 10th Edition
Addendum 3), but is maintained for compatibility with existing TANK input files.

Figure 28: Anchor Bolt Details Tab

46

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input

Tank Data Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)

Provides options to specify the overall characteristics of the tank. For each input cell, a descriptive
comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the expected units display to the right of
the input cell.
API Design Code - The entry on this line indicates whether API-650 or API-653 rules are applied
to the current job file. Select the entry from the list.
API-650 is intended for the design of new tanks and can be implemented in either design
or analysis modes. Because API-653 is intended for the analysis of existing tanks, it can only be
used in analysis mode.
This cell is used to define the roof type of the tank. The value that you enter entered in this cell
must be a number from 1 to 4, which corresponds to the roof types listed in the following table.
TYPE INDICATOR

ROOF TYPE

Supported Cone Roof

Self-Supporting Cone Roof

Self-Supporting Dome Roof

4
Self-Supporting Umbrella Roof
Design Method - Enables you to specify the preferred method of evaluating the shell course
thickness requirements. Use the following table below to the appropriate entry for this line.
ENTRY

MEANING

The software uses the Variable design method

The software uses the One-Foot design method

The software uses the Appendix A design method

This entry also determines which method is used to compute the allowed fluid heights.
Run Objective - Enables you to specify whether the software should analyze the tank based on
your input, or design the necessary parameters to satisfy the API code. The setting of this input
field is important because it affects all computations following the shell course thickness
evaluation.
If you select D, or Design mode, subsequent calculations for wind girders, seismic, and internal
pressure will all use the larger of the design or test thicknesses.
If you select A, or Analyze mode, subsequent calculations use the user-specified course
thicknesses. The computed thicknesses for the design and test cases are reported for information
purposes only. A message to this affect is included in the output report when Analyze mode is
selected.
Design Temperature - Enter the design temperature in the indicated units. API-650 limits the
design temperature to 200 deg F/ 93 deg C. If the design temperature exceeds this limit, but is less
than 500 deg F/ 260 deg C, then the rules of Appendix M are applied.
Design temperatures in excess of 500 deg F/ 352 deg C cause a fatal error.
If the value of the design temperature is changed, the software automatically implements a routine
to interpolate the data from API-650 Table P-1. The resulting values of modulus and expansion
coefficient are inserted into the Nozzle dialog box.
Design Pressure at Top - Enter the design pressure in the indicated units.
API-650, Appendix F, limits the design pressure to 2.5 psi / 17.2 kPa.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

47

TANK Input
Tank Nominal Diameter (D) - Enter the diameter of the tank.
As per API-650, the software assumes the tank diameter is the centerline diameter of the
bottom shell course plates.
Tank Shell Height (HTK) - Enter the total height of the tank shell. This value should be the sum of
the individual course heights, and is used in the wind load computations.
Design Liquid Level (H) - Enter the height of the design liquid level. This is the height from the
tank bottom to the top of the shell or to the bottom of any overflow device.
Liquid Specific Gravity (G) - Enter the specific gravity of the fluid. Note, this value is used only in
the Design case. The software automatically uses a specific gravity of 1.0 for the Hydrotest case.
Distance Down to the Top Wind Girder - Enter the distance from the top of the tank shell to the
location of the top wind girder. If the top wind girder is at the top of the shell, this value should be
entered as zero. If the top wind girder is below the top of the tank, such as for a walk-way, enter
the actual distance.
Weight Attachments & Structures - Enter the total weight of the attachments and structures on
the roof and shell which should be considered to resist uplift and in the maximum allowed pressure
computation.
Joint Efficiency (App A or 653) [E] - As per Appendix A.3.4, the joint efficiency should be either
0.85 or 0.70. API-653 Section 2.3.3 also utilizes this value of joint efficiency. No other
computations use this value, so the default of 1.0 can be left alone for variable point and one foot
API-650 calculations.
API-653 2nd Edition provides Table 2-1 for weld joint efficiencies if the original E value is
unknown. This table is reproduced as follows:
Standard

Edition & Year

Joint Type

Joint
Efficiency E

Applicability or Limits

API-650

7th & Later

Butt

1.00

Basic Standard

(1980-Present)

Butt

0.85

Appendix A - Spot RT

Butt

0.70

Appendix A - No RT

1st - 6th

Butt

0.85

Basic Standard

(1961-1978)

Butt

1.00

Appendices D&G

14th & 15th

(1957-1958)

Butt

0.85

3rd-13th
(1940-1956)

Lap (a)

0.75

Butt (c)

0.85

Lap (a)

0.70

7/16 inch max t

Lap (b)

0.50 + k/5

1/4 inch max t

Butt (c)

0.85

Lap (a)

0.70

7/16 inch max t

Lap (b)

0.50 + k/5

1/4 inch max t

Butt (c)

0.85

Lap (d)

0.35

API-12C

1st & 2nd

(1936-1939)

Unknown

48

3/8 inch max t

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input
(a)

Full double lap welded.

(b)

Full fillet weld with at least 25% intermittent full fillet opposite side:
k = percent of intermittent weld expressed in decimal form.

(c)

Single butt-welded joints with a back-up bar were permitted from the years
of 1936 to 1940 and 1948 to 1954.

(d) Single lap welded only.

Wind Velocity - Enter the wind velocity acting on the tank. Due consideration should be given to
Section 5.9.7.1a. The standard is a 120 mile per hour (53.6 m/sec) wind but may be increased to
account for additional tank height, wind gust, internal pressure, or open-top tanks.
Several configuration directives control how the wind pressure is computed and applied to the
tank. These directives are as follows:
Roof Projection in Wind Moment - Turns on an off wind loads on the roof.
10% Plus 5psf in Wind Moment - Which is the basic wind moment definition as per Section
5.9.7.
Section 5.11 Wind Pressure - Defines the wind pressure to be used for Section 5.11 stability.
Default Shell Material - This field displays the material name. To properly access a valid material
name and its properties, right-click and select Database in the context menu to display the
Material Database Selection screen.
Alternatively, left-click the ... to display the same context menu.
After a valid material is selected, its allowable stresses, yield strength, tensile strength, grade, and
group are acquired from the database for subsequent software use.
The data specified here is assumed to pertain to the entire tank. If the material varies over the
shell courses, this data may be specified using the Shell Course Materials dialog box.
Number of Shell Courses - Enter the number of shell courses in the tank. This entry is used to
check the shell course input and control the shell course generation if necessary.
Insulation Thickness - Enter the thickness of the insulation on the tank shell. The insulation is
assumed to extend from the bottom of course #1 to the top of the last (top) course.
Insulation Density - Enter the density of the tank insulation.
Include Annular Base Plate Details - If the tank will have an annular base ring, check this
checkbox. If the tank will not have an annular base ring, uncheck this checkbox.
Include Wind Moment in Appendix F 4.2 Calculations - As of API-650 9th Edition, the equation
for the maximum allowed pressure in Section F.4.2 includes a wind moment term. A later code
interpretation makes the use of this wind moment term optional.
To include the wind moment term, check this checkbox. To ignore the wind moment term (as in the
8th Edition), uncheck this checkbox.
Entire Shell Course Evaluation - As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, activate this button if the shell
thickness calculation is for the entire shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.a, which
deducts 1-foot from the fluid height.
This deduction only occurs if the 1 foot method is in use.
Local Area Shell Only - As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, select this option if the shell thickness
calculation is for a local area of the shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.b, which
does not deduct 1-foot from the fluid height.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

49

TANK Input

Shell Courses Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)

Specifies the default values for all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to
change the material, if necessary, on a course-by-course basis.
Height - Enter the height for the current shell course in the specified units. The sum of all shell
course heights should equal the tank shell height entered previously.
If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the
first course.
If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.
Thickness - Enter the thickness for the current shell course. If the purpose of this job is to design
the shell course thickness, then enter a good starting value (see API-650 5.6.1.1). If this cell is left
blank for the first course, the software will set the thickness according to API-650 Table 5.6.1.1.
If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the
first course.
If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.
Corrosion Allowance - Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered in the thickness
evaluations for shell course #n.
If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the
first course.
If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.
Material Design Stress - Represents the allowable design stress, referred to as Sd in the API code. This
value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database.
If necessary, the value of design allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden
by entering a different value in this input field.
For stainless steels, this value will be displayed as zero, since a temperature versus
allowable table is used instead.
Hydro Test Stress - Represents the allowable test stress, referred to as St in the API code. This
value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database.
If necessary, the value of test allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by
entering a different value in this input field.
SSD1 through SSD5 - Represents the allowable stress for a stainless steel according to API-650
Appendix S, Table S-2. These values are used during the computation phase of the solution to
determine the actual Sd value.
For stainless steels, these values will be interpolated during the solution phase. For this reason,
the value of Sd (at the left) is displayed as zero.

50

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input

Wind Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)

Provides options for defining detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7.
If these times are not defined, TANK uses the recommended API 650 defaults.
Kz - Enter the velocity pressure coefficient as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank, the value defaults
to 1.04.
Kzt - Enter the wind speed up factor for hills. This value should be 1.0 (the default) except for
those structures on isolated hills or escarpments.
Kd - Enter the wind directionality factor. API 650 recommends a value of 0.95 (the default) for this
parameter.
I - Enter the wind importance factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank, the value defaults to 1.0.
Gust Factor - Enter the wind gust factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank, the value defaults to
0.85.

Anchor Bolt Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)

Anchor Bolt Diameter - Enter the bolt diameter of an existing anchorage. If entered, and the
anchorage is necessary, it will be evaluated using this data. This is an optional entry.
Threads per Unit Length - The software can either evaluate a user-specified design or design an
anchorage according to API-650 Section 5.12. In order to size the anchor bolts, the thread pitch is
necessary. The pitch is the reciprocal of the parameter known as threads per inch.
Enter the threads per inch in the appropriate units. This is a required entry that will be used in the
event that the software must design an anchorage. Typical threads per inch for various size UNC
bolts are listed in the following table:
Basic Major Diameter (in)

Threads per Inch

0.5000

13

0.6250

11

0.7500

10

0.8750

1.0000

1.1250

1.2500

1.3750

1.5000

1.7500

2.0000

4.5

2.2500

4.5

2.5000

2.7500

3.0000

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

51

TANK Input
Basic Major Diameter (in)

Threads per Inch

3.2500

3.5000

3.7500

4.0000

Bolt Allowable Stress - Prior to Addendum 3 of the 10th edition of API-650, the bolt allowable
stress was required input. As of this addendum, the bolt allowable is determined for various load
cases as specified in Section 5.12. As a result, this value is no longer used, but is maintained for
compatibility with older input files.
Number of Anchor Bolts - For evaluation of an existing anchorage, enter the number of anchor
bolts for evaluation of an existing anchorage. If the software redesigns the anchorage, the number
of bolts will be a multiple of the bolt increment specified in the configuration.
Bolt Yield Stress - Enter the yield stress of the anchor bolts for use in Section 5.12. This is a
required entry that is used in the event that the software must design an anchorage.
Bolt Offset from Mean Tank Diameter - Enter the offset from the mean tank diameter to the
anchor bolt circle. This value must be greater than zero for bolt circles outside the tank. If this
value is left blank, an offset of 0.0 is used.
The software internally multiplies this value by 2.0 before adding it to the tank diameter
value.
Anchor Bolt Corrosion Allowance - Enter the value of the corrosion allowance to be considered
when sizing the anchor bolts. API-650, Section F.7.4 requires a corrosion allowance of at least
0.25 inches.

52

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input

Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box

The Roof Specification Parameters dialog box is an optional input. This dialog box is used to
specify the roof parameters when necessary. The Roof Specification Parameters dialog box is
divided into three tabs: General Roof Specs, Supported Cone Roof Data, and Girder Rings.

Figure 29: General Roof Specs Tab

Whenever a tank has a roof to be design, the top half of this dialog must be filled out. This section
of data defines in general terms the overall geometry of the roof. At this point, a decision must be
made as to whether a simple approximation will be made, or a supported cone roof will be
designed. The approximation requires the specification of the remaining data on the General
Root Specs tab. This data is used in further analysis, such as seismic analysis, wind over turning,
and maximum allowed pressure.
The Net Area Scratchpad (F.2) can be used to quickly determine the value for the Net Area at
Roof/Shell Junction on the left side of the dialog box. Note that this is a scratchpad. Data entered
in these fields will not be saved. To use this scratchpad, define the required data according to the
required Figure (a-k), and then click Compute. The computed area value will be inserted into the
Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction box. Details of the scratchpad input fields are discussed
below.

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53

TANK Input
If instead, a supported cone roof is to be designed, then the bottom half of General Root Specs
tab should be left blank. The data necessary for supported cone roof design should be specified
on Supported Cone Root Data tab. This tab, shown below, displays the parameters used in the
roof design.

Figure 30: Supported Cone Roof Data Tab

The parameters necessary for the proper design of a supported cone roof include: the desired
cross section type for rafters, girders, and columns, the material for the cross sections and roof
plate, and the maximum allowed length for the rafters and girders. The allowed cross sections
vary, depending on the active structural library. The help system provides guidance here, in the
usage of the various structural types, and in the available cross sections.
For the structural and roof plate materials, the [] button may be used to bring up the
context menu which allows selection from the Material Database.

54

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input
Providing all of the data shown allows TANK to design a supported cone roof according to the
procedures outlined in the text by Brownell & Young. This includes positioning the girder rings
according to the maximum allowed rafter lengths. If however, alternate positioning is desired, the
design can be forced in a certain direction by specifying data on the Girder Rings tab.

Figure 31: Girder Rings Tab

This grid is used to specify the location of each girder ring, and how many girders make up the
ring. If this information is specified, then the members are sized only, as the number of girder
rings, column rings, and rafter rings is known.

General Roof Specs Tab (Roof Specification Parameters

Dialog Box)
Defines the overall geometry of the roof.
Roof Type - Defines the roof type of the tank. Select a value from the list that corresponds to the
roof types listed in the following table.
TYPE

ROOF TYPE

Supported Cone Roof

This type of roof is supported by rafters, which are supported
by girders, which are supported by columns.

Rafter Supported Cone Roof

This type of roof is supported by rafters only.

Self-Supporting Cone Roof

Self-Supporting Dome Roof

5
Self-Supporting Umbrella Roof
For supported cone roofs, the software can design the rafters, columns and girders. For rafter
supported cone roofs, the software can design the rafters. All other roof types are considered
solely for their weight effects on shell.
Angle Between Roof & Horizontal - Enter the angle between the roof and a horizontal plane at
the roof-shell junction.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

55

TANK Input
Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction - Enter the area resisting the compressive force. For details,
refer to API-650 Figure F-2.
Thickness of Roof Plate - Enter the nominal thickness of the roof plates. This value should
include the corrosion allowance, if any.
Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance - Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered when
determining the weight of the roof plates for Appendix F and overturning computations. This value
will be subtracted from the nominal roof plate thickness.
Roof Live Load - Enter the value to be used in computing the load supported by the roof plates.
According to API-650 5.10.2.1, this value must be at least 20 pounds per square foot. The dead
load of the roof will be computed by the software and combined with the live load to determine the
total roof load.
Weight of Snow on Roof - Enter the total weight of any snow on the roof to be considered in
API-650 Appendix E computations for seismic checks.
If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the
load applied to the roof internally. This value will not be used.
Weight of Roof Plates - Enter the total weight of the roof plates to be considered in API-650
Appendix E and Appendix F computations.
TANK will determine the weight of the roof plates internally. If the computed value is
greater than the input value specified here, or a supported cone roof is being designed, the
computed value will be used in subsequent calculations. If the input value is greater, it will be used
(unless a supported cone roof is being designed). For supported cone roofs, the computed roof
plate weight is always used.
Weight of Roof Framing - Enter the total weight of the roof framing to be considered in API-650
Appendix E and Appendix F computations.
If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the
weight of the roof framing internally. This value will not be used.
% of Weights Supported by Shell - Enter the percentage of the roof and snow weights that are
to be considered as supported by the shell for API-650 Appendix E checks.
If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the
% of weight supported by the shell internally. This value will not be used.

Scratchpad
The data entered here is not saved. This input area of the dialog is a scratchpad. After the
data has been defined, click Compute. The TANK input processor uses the specified data and
computes the net area at the roof shell junction and updates this data field on the left-hand side
of the dialog box.
Figure (a-k) - Select the desired cross section, corresponding sketches a through k from
API-650 Figure F.2.
Thickness of Shell Plate (tc) - Since the analysis hasnt been performed, an estimate of the
thickness of the top shell plate is required. Specify this estimate in the tc field. After the analysis,
the computed top course thickness should replace the estimate specified here so that the correct
area can be used in the roof calculations.
Thickness of Angle Leg (ta) - Specify the angle thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes an
angle.
Thickness of Bar (tb) - If the selected sketch (a-k) includes a bar, specify the bar thickness in this
field.
Thickness of thicker Plate (ts) - Specify the thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes a
thickened region of the top shell course.

56

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input
Unstiffened Angle Length (Le) - Specify the un-stiffened angle leg if the selected sketch (a-k)
includes an angle.
Minimum Yield Strength (Fy) - Specify the minimum yield strength of all of the materials in the
selected sketch.

Supported Cone Roof Data Tab (Roof Specification

Parameters Dialog Box)
Preferred Rafter Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof rafters. The roof rafter
locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural
database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.

For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:
DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

Pipe

columns only

For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

57

TANK Input
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond
to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT
Channels, taper
rafter, girder, column
Preferred Girder Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof girders. The roof girder
locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural
database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.

58

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input

For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:
DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

Pipe

columns only

For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

59

TANK Input
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

Channel

rafter, girder, column

For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond
to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT
Channels, taper
rafter, girder, column
Preferred Column Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof columns. The roof column
locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural
database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.

60

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

TANK Input
For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:
DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

Pipe

columns only

For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond
to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

Channel

rafter, girder, column

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors
correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

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For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These
descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:
DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT

Channels, taper

rafter, girder, column

Roof Plate Material - This cell allows entry into the material database from which a material for
the roof plates can be selected. The material database can be entered (activated) by clicking the
[...] button.
Roof Plate Allowable Design Stress - This cell contains the value used as the allowable design
stress for the roof plates. This value is automatically filled in when the Roof Plate Material is
specified.
Structural Member Material - This cell allows entry into the material database from which a
material for the structural members can be selected. The material database can be entered
activated by clicking the [...] button.
Structural Member Allowable Design Stress - This cell contains the value used as the
allowable design stress for the structural members. This value is automatically filled in when the
Structural Member Material is specified. For compliance with API-650 Section 3.10.3.4, this
value should not exceed 20000 psi (137895 kpa).
Maximum Allowed Rafter Length - Enter the maximum length allowed for the rafters. This value
is used to determine the radii to the various girder rings. Typical values for this cell are 20.0 to 24.0
feet (6.1 to 7.3 meters).
In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters are
oriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings around the
tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends of the
rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths do not
exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns.
Maximum Allowed Girder Length - Enter the maximum length allowed for the girders. This value
is used to determine how many girders are required for each girder ring. Typical values for this cell
are 24.0 to 30.0 feet /7.3 to 9.1 meters.
In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters are
oriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings around the
tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends of the
rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths do not
exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns.
Center Column Cap Plate Diameter - Enter the diameter of the center column cap plate if
necessary. If this cell is left blank, a value of zero will be used.

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Girder Rings Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box)

Radius to Girder Ring - Enter the radial distance from the center of the tank to each girder ring. If
the location of one girder ring is specified, the distance to all girder rings must be defined.
Number of Girders in Ring - The number of girders in each ring may also be specified. These
entries are optional; however, if the number of girders in any one ring is specified, the number of
girders in all rings must be also specified.

Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box

The Seismic Data Specifications dialog box is an optional input. This dialog box is used to
specify the seismic (earthquake) parameters when necessary.

Figure 32: Seismic Data Tab

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Seismic Data Tab (Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box)

Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Enter the minimum yield strength of the bottom
plate.
Minimum Yield Strength of Weld Material - Enter the minimum yield strength of the weld
material.
Bottom Plate Thickness - Enter the thickness of the bottom plate.
Seismic Use Group - The Seismic Use Group for the tank should be specified by the purchaser.
See API-650 Section E.3.1 for details on the various SUG categories. Valid entries for this field are
1, 2, or 3 (corresponding to SUG groups I, II, and III).
Friction Factor - Specify the friction factor used to determine tank sliding in API-650 Section
E.7.6. API limits the maximum value of this friction factor to 0.4.
Importance Factor - Usually this value is 1.0, unless specified otherwise by the purchaser. API
recommends that this value not exceed 1.25, and that this value (1.25) only be used for
emergency services.
Initial Anchorage Type - Defines the initial anchorage type as either Self Anchored or
Mechanically Anchored (bolted).
Even if you specify a Self Anchored tank, the requirements of the Code may be such that
anchor bolts are required. In this instance, the software will design bolting.
Earthquake Type - Defines the earthquake type as either Site Specific or Mapped. For more
information about earthquake types, refer to API-650 Sections E.4.2 and E.4.3.
Site Class - Defines the seismic site class according to Section E.4.6. Valid choices are A
through F, where F represents soils that require site-specific evaluations.
Spectral Acceleration Adjustment Coefficient - Defines the spectral acceleration adjustment
coefficient (K). This coefficient is used to adjust the spectral acceleration from 5% to 0.5%
damping. If no value is specified, the coefficient defaults to 1.5.
Scaling Factor (Q) - Defines the scaling factor from the maximum considered earthquake (MCE)
to the design level spectral accelerations. The value of Q is 2/3 for ASCE #7.
Transitional Period (TL) - Defines the regional-dependent transition period for longer period
ground motion, in seconds. Unless otherwise specified, Transitional Period is taken as the
mapped value found in ASCE #7.
Mapped Max Earthquake Short Period (Ss) - Defines Ss, which is the mapped maximum
considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods
(0.2s), %g.
Mapped Max Earthquake 1-sec. Period (S1) - Defines S1, which is the mapped maximum
considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of one
second, %g.
Mapped Max Earthquake 0-sec. Period (S0) - Defines S0, which is the mapped maximum
considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of
zero seconds (peak ground acceleration for a rigid structure), %g.
Peak Ground Acceleration for Non-ASCE (Sp) - Defines SP, which is the design level peak
ground acceleration parameter for sites not addressed by ASCE methods.
Design Acceleration Parameter at Short Periods for ASCE Methods - Defines SDS, which is
the design, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods (T = 0.2
seconds) based on ASCE 7 methods, %g.
Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Zero Period (Sa0*) - Defines Sa0*, which is the 5%
damped, design spectral response acceleration parameter at zero period based on site-specific
procedures, %g.

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Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Any Period (Sa*) - Defines Sa*, which is the 5% damped,
design spectral response acceleration parameter at any period based on site-specific procedures,
%g.

Grillage Review Dialog Box

In cases where a tank must rest on a lattice of grillage, you must define the necessary values in
the Appendix I - Grillage Review dialog box to allow the software to compute either the grillage
spacing or the required nominal thickness of the bottom plate.

Figure 33: Grillage Review Dialog Box

The data acquired from this dialog is used in the computations of API-650 Appendix I,
Section 7.
Modulus of Elasticity of Bottom Plate - Enter the value of the elastic modulus to be used for the
bottom plate.
Corrosion Allowance Added to Bottom Plate - Enter the corrosion allowance to be added to
the bottom plate thickness. If left blank, this value defaults to zero.
Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Enter the minimum yield strength of the bottom
plate.
Nominal Thickness of Bottom Plate - Enter the thickness of the bottom plate. This value is may
be left blank if the grillage spacing is entered. In this case, the software computes the required
thickness of the bottom plate. As stated in API-650 5.4.1, bottom plates should have a minimum
thickness of 0.25 inches (6.35mm).
This value should correspond to the value entered on the Seismic Data spreadsheet. If a
value is entered here, you are prompted to verify whether the same value should also be used on
the Seismic Data spreadsheet.
Maximum Allowed Spacing - Enter the maximum allowed spacing (center-to-center between
adjacent or radial grillage members). This value is optional. If a value is entered, leave the bottom
plate thickness blank so the software can compute it.

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Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box

TANK allows you to specify up to fifteen low tank nozzles. The data specification can include
external piping loads, if available from a pipe stress analysis.

Figure 34: Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box

The data acquired from this dialog box is used to implement the rules of API-650 Appendix P.
Whenever the tank temperature value in the General Tank Data dialog box (on page 42) is
changed, the Modulus of Elasticity and Expansion Coefficient values are automatically
updated. These values are obtained by interpolating the data provided in Table P-1 of
API-650.
If you check Use PVP-1279, TANK uses an alternate method to compute the nozzle
stiffnesses. This alternate procedure is detailed in PVP-1279 and is valid for smaller tanks.
Nozzle Designation / Number - Defines a descriptive tag or number of the current nozzle. This
cell is restricted to 4 characters and can contain letters and/or digits. Example entries for this cell
are listed as follows:
NZ1

NA0A

NZ2

PGLG

NZ3
Nozzle Height above Bottom Plate - Enter the height of the nozzle centerline above the bottom
plate.
Nozzle Outer Diameter - Enter the outer diameter of the nozzle.

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Delta Temperature - Enter the difference between the normal operating temperature and the
installation temperature.
Modulus of Elasticity - Enter the modulus of elasticity. These values should be taken from
API-650 Table P-1, reproduced as follows:
Design Temp (deg F) Modulus (psi)

Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F)

70

29.5E6

200

28.8E6

6.67E-6

300

28.3E6

6.87E-6

400

27.7E6

7.07E-6

500
27.3E6
7.25E-6
The value of elastic modulus is automatically defined by the software when you change the design
temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can change this value, if necessary.
If the bottom shell course is specified as Stainless Steel, then the modulus value for Table P-1 is
not used. Instead, the modulus value is obtained from Table S-6: :
Design Temp (deg F)

Modulus (psi)

100.

28.0E6

200.

27.4E6

300.

26.6E6

400.

26.1E6

500.
25.2E6
Expansion Coefficient - Enter the value of the thermal expansion coefficient. These values
should be taken from API-650 Table P-1and are reproduced as follows:
Design Temp (deg F) Modulus (psi)

Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F)

70.

29.5E6

200.

28.8E6

6.67E-6

300.

28.3E6

6.87E-6

400.

27.7E6

7.07E-6

500.

27.3E6

7.25E-6

Design Temp (deg C) Modulus (MPa)

Thermal Expansion (mm/mm/deg C)

20.

203000

90.

199000

12.0

150.

195000

12.4

200.

191000

12.7

260.

188000

13.1

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TANK Input
The value of expansion coefficient is automatically defined by the software (using internal,
English, units) when you change the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can
change this value, if necessary.
Reinforcement on Shell or Nozzle? - Indicates where the nozzle reinforcement is located. This
entry is used to interpolate among the charts in API-650 Appendix P. If reinforcing on the shell is
indicated, Appendix P makes the following assumptions:
The reinforcing pad thickness is equal to the shell thickness.
The pad diameter is twice the nozzle diameter.
These assumptions are implicit in the curves presented in Appendix P and are automatically
considered by the software.
Nozzle RePad Thickness - Defines the thickness of the nozzle reinforcing pad if it exists and
whether it should be considered in the computations.
API-650 Appendix P offers no guidance on how reinforcing pads should be handled.
If you specify a pad thickness, it will be used to increase the thickness of the tank shell in all
Appendix P computations.
Nozzle Weight - Enter the weight of this nozzle. The value you enter will be used in all weight
computations involving the shell.
Applied External Radial Force - Enter the value of any applied radial force, acting on the nozzle.
The value you enter will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P.
Applied External Circumferential Moment - Enter the value of any applied external
circumferential moment acting on the nozzle. The value you enter will be used in plotting the
interaction diagram of Appendix P.
Applied External Longitudinal Moment - Enter the value of any applied external longitudinal
moment acting on the nozzle. The value you enter will be used in plotting the interaction diagram
of Appendix P.
Use PVP-1279 - Enabling this option allows TANK to utilize an alternate method to compute
nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate method is based on PVP (Pressure Vessel and Piping) paper
1279 - Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, by Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera,
Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld.
This alternate method is based on the finite element analysis of a number of tanks, resulting in
alternate curves and equations for the determination of tank nozzle stiffnesses.
Nozzle Thickness for PVP-1279 - A value defined in PVP-1279, but not actually used in the
computations.
RePad Outer Diameter for PVP-1279 - The outside diameter of the nozzle reinforcing pad, if any.
This value is used to determine the vertical distance from the nozzle centerline to the point where
the tank bottom has no influence on nozzle stiffness.

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Cycle Life Data Dialog Box

The Cycle Life Data dialog box is an optional input. This dialog box is used to specify the data
necessary to evaluate the anticipated number of "full - empty" cycles the tank is permitted to cycle
through without a detailed stress analysis.

Figure 35: Cycle Life Data Dialog Box

Fill Height Difference - Enter the difference in filling height between the full level of the tank and
the low level of the tank.
Temperature Difference - Enter the difference between the minimum ambient temperature and
the tank's maximum operating temperature.
Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Enter the minimum yield strength of the bottom
plate.
Factor B - Enter the foundation factor. This value is:
2.0 for tanks on earth foundations
4.0 for tanks on earth foundations with a concrete ring-wall
Factor C - Enter the factor to account for the radial restraint of the tank's shell-to-bottom junction
with respect to free thermal expansion. The value for C ranges from a minimum of 0.25 to a
maximum of 1.0. The actual design value of C shall be established considering the tank's
operating and warm-up procedure and heat transfer to the subgrade.
The value of C shall be 0.85 if not specified by the purchaser.
Factor K - Enter the stress concentration factor for the bottom plate at the toe of the inside
shell-to-bottom fillet weld.
K = 4.0 for shell-to-bottom fillet welds and lap-welded bottom plates.
K = 2.0 for butt-welded annular plates where the shell-to-bottom fillet welds have been
inspected by 100% magnetic particle examination.
The magnetic particle examination shall be performed on the root pass at every 1/2 inch /
13mm of deposited weld metal while the weld is being made and on the completed weld. The
examination shall be performed before hydrostatic testing.

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API 650 External Pressure (App V.) Dialog Box

The API 650 External Pressure (App V.) dialog box is an optional input. This dialog box is used
to specify the parameters necessary to evaluate the external pressure capacity of the tank.

Figure 36: API 650 External Pressure Dialog Box

Specified External Pressure (PE) - Define the Specified External Pressure Pe.
Elastic Modulus of Roof Plate Material - Define the elastic modulus of the roof plate material
E.
Joint Efficiency of Roof Plate (JEr) - Define the Roof Plate Joint Efficiency - JEr.
JEr = 0.35 for single lap welds
JEr = 0.70 for double lap welds
JEr = 1.00 for butt welds
Joint Efficiency of Shell Plate (JEs) - Define the Shell Plate Joint Efficiency - JEs.
JEs = 1.00 for shells with full radiography
JEs = 0.85 for shells with spot radiography
Joint Efficiency of Splice of Stiffener Sections (JEst) - Define the Stiffener Splice Joint
Efficiency - JEst.
JEst = 1.00 for 100% radiography of all splice welds
JEst = 0.85 for spot radiography of selected splice welds
JEst = 0.70 for no radiography
Allowable Compressive Stress for Bottom Stiffener (Fc) - Define the Bottom Stiffener
Allowable Compressive Stress - fc.
Where fc = 0.4Fy of components considered for the intermediate and bottom stiffeners. However,
fc need not be less than 15,000 psi (103 MPa).
Allowable Compressive Stress for Top Stiffener (Fc) - Define the Top Stiffener Allowable
Compressive Stress - fc.
Where fc = 0.6Fy of components considered for the top end stiffener region. However, fc need not
be less than 20,000 psi (140 MPa).

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Bottom Plate Thickness (Tb) - Enter the thickness of the bottom plate.
Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress (f) - Define the Minimum Allowable Tensile Stress - f, of the
roof plate material, the shell plate material, and the stiffener ring material at the maximum
operating temperature.
Roof Dish Radius (R) - Define the Dish Radius of Roof - R. This value is only needed for Dome
and Umbrella roofs.

Shell Settlement Data

The Shell Settlement Data dialog box is used to define the measured settlement of up to 40
points around the tank shell circumference.

Figure 37: Shell Settlement Data Dialog Box

The data from this dialog is used to implement the requirements of API-653, Appendix B.
Elastic Modulus for Allowed Settlement - Enter the value of the elastic modulus to be used in
the computation of the allowed shell settlement, in API-653 Section B.3.2. If this value is left blank,
a default of 29.5E6 psi / 203000 MPa is used.
Angle Between Measurements - Enter the distance (in degrees) between adjacent settlement
measurement points. This value must be less than 45-degrees. API-653 Appendix B.1.3 requires
at least eight points around the circumference of the tank. This limits the entry in this field to a
maximum of 45 degrees. Additional data points will reduce the magnitude of this angle.
The software performs all computations using all of the specified measurement points. If the
number of measurement points is so great as to cause the spacing to fall below 15 feet / 4.6m, use
every other point when generating the input.
The code limits the spacing between these measurement points (around the circumference of
the tank) to 32 feet / 9.8 m. Prior to API-653 2nd Edition Addendum 2, this limit was 30 feet /
9.1m.

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TANK Input
Too many points may lead to an over conservative determination of the out-of-plane deflection
limit. Addendum 3 to the 9th Edition of API-653 suggests computing the deflection limit using
points spaced at approximately 30 foot / 9.1m intervals. Additional details on this subject can
be found in Out of Plane Settlement of Cylindrical Tanks by Erdmann and Yeigh, Hydrocarbon
Engineering, May 1999 and the text by Phil Meyers, Above Ground Storage Tanks.
Elevation - Enter the elevation of the shell bottom at this measurement point on the
circumference of the tank.

API-653 Service Measurement Data

The API-653 Service Measurement Data dialog box allows you to specify additional
measurement data, obtained from tank inspections. This measurement data can be used to
implement the shell and bottom checks discussed in API-653 Sections 4.3.3.1, 4.3.3.2, and
4.4.7.1. The data for the service measurement analysis is presented in a series of tabbed dialogs,
each discussed in the following subsections.
Bottom, Post 3rd Ed. Tab (API-653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) (see "Bottom Post 3rd
Ed. Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)" on page 72)
Bottom, Pre 3rd Ed. Tab (API-653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) (see "Bottom Pre 3rd
Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)" on page 73)
Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (API-653Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) (see
"Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (API-653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)" on
page 75)

Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab (653 Service Measurement Data

Dialog Box)
The Bottom, Post 3rd Ed. tab is used to define the parameters necessary to evaluate the
minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate according to Section 4.4.7.1 of the 3rd Edition of
API-653.

Figure 38: Bottom Post 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)

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Minimum remaining thickness from bottom side corrosion after repairs (RTbc) - As per
API-653 Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from the bottom side
corrosion, after repairs.
Minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion after repairs (RTip) - As per API-653
Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion, after
repairs.
Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years).
Maximum rate of corrosion not repaired on the top side (StPr) - As per API-653 Section
2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum internal pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is
internally lined (per API RP 652), this value should be specified as 0.0.
Maximum Undesirable Pitting Rate (UPr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of
the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected
(per API RP 651), then this value should be specified as 0.0.

Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data

Dialog Box)
The Bottom, Pre 3rd Ed. tab is used to define the parameters necessary to evaluate the
minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate, according to Section 2.4.7.1 of previous editions of
API-653.

Figure 39: Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)
All values to be entered on this dialog box are defined, and include the corresponding code
nomenclature (from earlier editions of the code). This dialog box is included to maintain
backwards compatibility with previous versions of TANK and earlier editions of the code.
Average Depth of Internal Pitting (StPa) - Enter the average depth of the internal pitting of the
bottom plates. This value is measured from the original thickness.
Maximum Depth of Underside Pitting (UPm) - Enter the maximum depth of underside pitting of
the bottom plates.
Average Depth of Underside Pitting (UPa) - Enter the average depth of underside pitting of the
bottom plates.

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Original Plate Thickness (To) - Enter the original thickness of the bottom plates. This value
should correspond to the bottom plate thickness entered on the Seismic Data Specifications
dialog box (on page 63) and the Grillage Review dialog box (on page 65), if specified.
Average Depth of Generally Corroded Area (GCa) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the average depth of the generally corroded area, (GCa).
Maximum Rate of General Corrosion (GCr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of
the maximum rate of general corrosion, on a yearly basis.
Max Depth Internal Pitting After Repair (StPm) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the maximum depth of internal pitting remaining in the bottom plates after repairs are
completed.
This value is measured from the original thickness.
Maximum Internal Pitting Rate ( StPr) - Enter the maximum rate of corrosion not repaired in top
side (StPr). StPr = 0 for coated areas of the bottom. The expected life of the coating must equal
r
or exceed O to use StPr = 0.
Maximum rate of corrosion on the bottom side (UPr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter
the value of the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is
cathodically protected (per API RP 651) this value should be specified as 0.0.
Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the
value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years).

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Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (API-653 Service

Measurement Data Dialog Box)
The Manual Shell Course Specification tab is used to define the location of the critical length L,
the inspection values of t1 and t2, and a joint efficiency for each shell course. Additionally, controls
are provided to indicate which of these data entries should be considered in the current analysis.

Figure 40: Manual Shell Course Specification Tab

If the joint efficiency is left blank, the value specified on the General Tank Data dialog box
is used. Similarly, if the L location is left blank, the fluid height will be determined from the bottom
of the course. If the t1 or t2 values are left blank, they default to the user-specified thickness on the
General Tank Data dialog box.
Joint Efficiency - Enter the value of the joint efficiency to be used in the thickness computations
of this shell course.
"L" Location Above Course Bottom - Enter the value that locates the bottom of the "L" region,
above the bottom of this course. "L" is the critical length, the maximum vertical length over which
the hoop stresses are assumed to "average out" around local discontinuities. In subsequent
thickness computations, the fluid height to the design liquid level is measured from the bottom of
"L".
Lowest Average Thickness - Enter the average thickness in the "L" region. If this value is left
blank, it will default to the thickness defined in the General Tank Data (see "General Tank Data
Dialog Box" on page 42) dialog box.
Minimum Thickness - Enter the least thickness in any area of corrosion, exclusive of pits. If this
value is left blank, it will default to the thickness defined in the General Tank Data (see "General
Tank Data Dialog Box" on page 42) dialog box.
Use specified shell "L" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user
specified location L will be used in subsequent thickness calculations.

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Enabled

Allows the software to use the user-specified values of the location of "L" to
be used in determining the height to the maximum design liquid level. When
this box is checked, the height value is computed according to API-653
Section 2.3.3.1.

Disabled Causes subsequent computations to ignore the user input values of the
location of "L". The thickness computations use a height value measured
from the bottom of each course, which produces more conservative (thicker)
thicknesses.
Use specified shell "E" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user
specified values of individual course joint efficiencies will be used in subsequent computations.
Enabled

Allows the software to utilize the individual joint efficiencies for each
course in any subsequent computations. This may be useful if additional
inspections and radiography are performed.

Disabled

Causes the software to ignore the specified values of individual course

joint efficiencies. Instead, the computations are made using the joint
efficiency specified on the General Tank Data dialog box.
Use specified shel "t1/t2" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user
specified values of individual course thicknesses of t1 and t2 should be used in subsequent
computations.
Enabled

Allows the software to perform the thickness checks per API-653

2.3.3.1. Values of t1 or t2 left blank will assume the thickness
specified on the General Tank Data dialog box.

Disabled

Prevents the software from performing the thickness checks of

API-653 2.3.3.1.

Bottom Shell Course as Constructed - Enter in this cell the original thickness of the bottom shell
course. This value is used to determine the minimum thickness of the annular base plate, as per
API-653 Table 2- 3.

API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box

The API-2000 Venting Requirements dialog box contains optional input. This dialog is used to
specify the flow rates for emptying and filling the tank, as well as the environmental factors, and
liquid characteristics. The computations performed here are in accordance with API-2000 5th
Edition (1998). Most of the information from this edition can be found in Appendix A of the 2010
Edition.

Figure 41: API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box

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Emptying Rate - Enter the maximum emptying rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For
more information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.1.1.
Filling Rate - Enter the maximum filling rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For more
information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.2.1.
Liquid Flash Point - Enter the temperature of the liquid's flash point.
Boiling Point - Enter the temperature of the liquid's boiling point.
Environmental Factor - Enter the environmental factor according to Table 4A of API- 2000.

English Units:
Configuration

Conductance
2
(BTU/hr ft F)

Insulation
Thickness (in)

F Factor

Bare metal tank

---

1.0

Insulated tank

4.0

0.3

Insulated tank

2.0

0.15

Insulated tank

1.0

0.075

Insulated tank

0.67

0.05

Insulated tank

0.50

0.375

Insulated tank

0.40

10

0.300

Insulated tank

0.33

12

0.025

Concrete or Fireproofing

---

---

see note C

Water-application facilities

---

---

1.0

Depressuring and emptying

---

---

1.0

Underground Storage

---

---

0.0

Earth-covered storage above

Grade

---

---

0.03

Impoundment away from tank

---

---

0.5

Metric Units:
Configuration

Conductance
2
(Watts/m K)

F Factor
Insulation
Thickness (cm)

Bare metal tank

---

1.0

Insulated tank

22.7

2.5

0.3

Insulated tank

11.4

0.15

Insulated tank

5.7

10

0.075

Insulated tank

3.8

15

0.05

Insulated tank

2.8

20

0.375

Insulated tank

2.3

25

0.300

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TANK Input
Configuration

Conductance
2
(Watts/m K)

F Factor
Insulation
Thickness (cm)

Insulated tank

0.19

30

0.025

Concrete or Fireproofing

---

---

see note C

Water-application facilities

---

---

1.0

Depressuring and emptying

---

---

1.0

Underground Storage

---

---

0.0

Earth-covered storage above

Grade

---

---

0.03

Impoundment away from tank

---

---

0.5

Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad

The Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad dialog Box provides a quick way to both size and price a
tank, based on the required volume. This scratchpad is a calculation module that implements the
API-650 One-Foot method to determine the required shell thicknesses. You can alter the
specification data and re-compute the size and cost estimates as many times as necessary. After
exiting the Scratch-pad, you have the option of transferring the diameter, height, and course
thicknesses to the General Tank Data dialog for subsequent computations. No other data on the
Scratch-pad is saved.
There is a minimum amount of user-specified data, which consists of the required tank volume,
the fluid specific gravity, the plate allowable stress, the unit cost of plate, and the height and
diameter ranges.

Figure 42: Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box

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TANK Input
After the necessary data is specified, you can select Input > Calculate to initiate the
computations.
Alternatively, you can also use Scratchpad Calculator
on the toolbar. Both options
are enabled as soon as data is entered on the scratchpad.
The scratchpad computes a total of eight tanks: four for a diameter range, and four for a height
range. The results of each range are presented in the list box below the input definition.

Figure 43: Sizing / Costing Results

For each tank evaluated, the necessary diameter (or height) is presented, as well as the thickness
required for each shell course. The height of the top course is also reported, all other courses
being equal to the specified input value. The results of the costing are presented last and consist
of the shell weight and cost estimate. The shell weight is based on the computed thicknesses and
the plate density specified in the configuration file. The cost is the product of the unit price and the
plate weight.
If necessary, the input data can be altered, and new estimates obtained. When the desired results
have been achieved, a report can be printed, or the results for the minimum cost tank transferred
to the General Tank Data Dialog Box (on page 42).
After the scratchpad calculations have been performed, the Dynamic Sizing Tool
becomes active. This sizing tool, located to the right of the output display, contains two slider bars.
Moving the slider bars with the mouse changes the corresponding dimension of the tank, as well
as updates the right most column of numerical data in the table.

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TANK Input

Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box

The Tank Size/Costing Scratchpad dialog box input fields are described below.
Required Volume - Enter the required volume of the tank for sizing purposes. The sizing routine
will determine diameters and heights necessary to achieve this volume.
Fluid Specific Gravity - Enter the fluid specific gravity to be used in sizing the tank. Since the
tank must be hydrotested, the minimum value for this entry should be 1.0.
Cost/Unit Weight of Plate - Enter the unit cost of the plate material. This value is used to
compute the total material cost of the various tank shells. The cost is computed by multiplying this
value by the total steel volume in the shell multiplied by the standard weight of steel.
The mass conversion factor is applied to this value to compute the final tank cost. For
consistent application, you must ensure that the mass conversion and the density conversion use
the same unit such as lb. and lb/cu.in. or KG and KG/cu.cm.
Plate Allowable Stress - Enter the unit cost of the plate material. This value is used to compute
the total material cost of the various tank shells. The cost is computed by multiplying this value by
the total steel volume in the shell multiplied by the standard weight of steel.
The mass conversion factor is applied to this value to compute the final tank cost. For
consistent application, you must ensure that the mass conversion and the density conversion use
the same unit such as lb. and lb/cu.in. or KG and KG/cu.cm.
Average Course Height - Specify how many full courses are needed to achieve the desired
volume. The top course may be less than the value specified here, since the top course height is
used to exactly match the desired volume.
Minimum Tank Height - Enter the minimum and maximum limits for the tank height. A total of four
(4) heights between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding diameters) to size the
tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined, followed by
plate weight and cost.
The height range is independent of the diameter range. Four values of height between the
minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary diameter to achieve the required
volume is then determined, exclusive of the diameter range.
Maximum Tank Height - Enter the minimum and maximum limits for the tank height. A total of
four (4) heights between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding diameters) to size
the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined, followed
by plate weight and cost.
The height range is independent of the diameter range. Four values of height between the
minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary diameter to achieve the required
volume is then determined, exclusive of the diameter range.
Minimum Tank Diameter - Enter the minimum and maximum limits for the tank diameter. A total
of four (4) diameters between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding heights) to
size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined,
followed by plate weight and cost.
The diameter range is independent of the height range. Four values of diameter between
the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary height to achieve the required
volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range.
Maximum Tank Diameter - Enter the minimum and maximum limits for the tank diameter. A total
of four (4) diameters between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding heights) to
size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined,
followed by plate weight and cost.

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TANK Input
The diameter range is independent of the height range. Four values of diameter between
the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary height to achieve the required
volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range.

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TANK Input

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SECTION 7

Error Checking
The normal chain of events requires that the Error Checker validate the input data before the
analysis phase is allowed to begin. The Error Checker is a separate module that is designed to
prevent illegal or illogical data from being passed to the analysis program. The tasks performed
involve checking for negative values where only positive values are allowed, ensuring that the
corrosion allowance does not drive the thickness to zero, as well as API code restrictions.
The Error Checker can produce two types of diagnostic messages, errors and warnings. A
warning message indicates that the program discovered something in the input data that the
analyst should be made aware of.

Figure 44: Sample Warning Message

The program always considers warning messages as acceptable. As long as the analyst agrees
with (or is aware of) the warning message, it can be considered acceptable to the analyst also. If
the analyst disagrees with or is surprised by the warning message, it should be considered an
error and the input modified accordingly.

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Error Checking
The second type of diagnostic message that can be produced is an error message. An error
message indicates a problem with the input severe enough to prevent the analysis from
completing.

Figure 45: Sample Error Message

When an error is encountered, the analysis phase is prevented from starting. The user must
correct the input to eliminate the error. (Note that the error shown above is an error for API-650
and a warning for API-653.)
Whenever a warning or error message displays, the user is given several choices as to the next
course of action. These choices are the subject of the next section.

Warning & Error Options

Any time an error or warning displays, you have several options available to direct the next course
of action. Use the list below to determine the appropriate action to perform.
Prints the last error message displayed in the list box. Error checking will resume when you
click Continue.
Prints all error messages from this point forward.
Restarts the error check process from the beginning.
Disables the display of warnings and notes and only displays error messages after this
button is activated. After each error message is displayed, error checking will resume only
when you click Continue.
Disables the further display of the current message. This option is useful when a number of
identical errors or warnings are displayed. In this case, it is not necessary to review each
message.

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Each time a message displays in the list box, the procedure halts until you click Continue. This
gives you time to review the message. If it is necessary to abort the error check phase and return
to the Main menu, click File > Exit.

Completing the Error Check Phase

After all of the input data has been evaluated, the Error Checker produces a summary report and
pauses for user interaction.

Figure 46: Error Check Summary Without Errors

When the review of this summary is complete, click Continue to display a dialog requesting
authorization to build the necessary analysis files. The typical response to this prompt is Yes.
Click Continue again to exit the Error Checker dialog box and return to the Main menu.
If the summary report shows that errors were found, the analysis files will not be created. The job
cannot be analyzed in this condition. You must return to the input and correct the problems as
reported by the Error Checker.

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Error Checking

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SECTION 8

Analysis/Solution Phase
The design or analysis of the tank data occurs in the solution module. This module cannot be
accessed unless the input data has been successfully error checked. After the solution module
has been launched, the Analysis Monitoring dialog box displays.

Figure 47: Analysis Monitoring Dialog Box

This dialog box displays the current job name, the major solution steps to the analysis, and which
solution steps are required by the current input data. As each solution step is entered, an asterisk
displays next to the item to show the current progress. There is no user interaction or input during
the solution phase. The analysis/solution phase consists of implementing the rules and equations
found in the API-650 and API-653 codes. A brief overview of this phase can be found in the
Solution Overview (on page 88) section.

TANK Program Files

TANK is modularized to facilitate operation, maintenance, and enhancement. Communication
between the various program modules takes place through disk files. The program files used are
listed below.
FILE SUFFIX

DESCRIPTION

GENERATED BY

TKI

Users input data

Input Module

TKE

Verified input data

Error Checker

LOG

Error/warning messages

Error Checker

TKO

Binary output data

Solution Module

TXT

Intermediate solution data

Solution Module

T80

Binary report data

Output Preprocessor

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Analysis/Solution Phase
After successfully completing, the analysis module creates the .TKO file. This file contains the
solution data in binary format. The TKO file is used by subsequent modules to formulate and
generate the various reports and graphics.
Occasionally you may want to know how an iteration proceeded or the results of an intermediate
computation. The message file (TXT) serves to answer these queries. As important milestones in
the analysis are reached, newly computed data is labeled and written to the message file.
The message file is useful in the event that a fatal error is encountered and a program abort
occurs. In this instance, a diagnostic message is presented to the user, control is returned to the
Main menu, and no output (TKO) file exists. Because there is no TKO file, entry into the output
processor is not allowed. In this instance, the message file can be very helpful. In addition to
intermediate and partial solution data, some reasons for program aborts may be found in this file.
The message file is a standard ASCII text file which can be viewed with a variety of editors, or
printed to the system printer. The user may also access the message file from the Tools menu.
It is important to note that generation of the message file by the solution module only takes place
if the current configuration allows. Generation of the message file can be controlled from the
Computation Options tab of the configuration module. Refer to the Program Configuration (on
page 21) section for additional details.

Solution Overview
The major steps performed in the solution phase are discussed in this section. Refer to codes
API-650 and API-653 for additional details.
1. Wind effect - The specified wind speed is used to determine the applied wind pressure, the
velocity factory, and the overturning moment. These values are used later in the computations
for the wind girders and Appendix F considerations.
2. Allowable stresses for both the design and test cases - The material control routine
includes considerations for reductions due to temperature from Appendix M and if necessary
Appendix S and API-653 Section 2 requirements. The allowables for each shell course are
determined individually based on the specified course materials.
3. Required shell course thicknesses - This thickness is based on the specified design
method, either one-foot, variable point, or Appendix A. The appropriate sections of the code
are implemented using the material properties to determine the thicknesses for each course
for the design and test cases. Each thickness computation is then followed by a check of
API-650 Section 5.6.1.1 to insure that the minimum thickness requirements of the code are
met. If the input indicates that the program is to operate in analysis mode to rate an existing
tank, the design and test thicknesses just computed are replaced with the users input
thicknesses for subsequent computations. A note to this effect appears in the output below
the thickness table when required.
4. Allowed fluid heights - This procedure involves the use of the same code sections used in
the thickness determination. In the case of the variable point method, this is an iterative
process.
5. Shell weight and center of gravity - The weight/center of gravity routine compares the
computed shell weight with that specified by the user, and selects the maximum of the two for
subsequent computations in Appendix E.
6. Overturning stability - This value is checked according to Section 5.11.
7. Wind girder requirements - The number of girders, their section moduli, and their locations
are determined according to API-650 Section 5.9. Wind girder detail and size is then selected
from API-650 Table 5-22.
This concludes the general computations performed for each tank input data set. All subsequent
computations are optional depending on user specification.

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Analysis/Solution Phase
Roof Data - If the roof data has been specified, the program will now evaluate, analyze, or
design the roof. Roof evaluation involves weight summations, required thicknesses and net
areas according to API-650 Sections 5.10.5 or 5.10.6. The analysis or design of a supported
cone roof applies the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. Following the roof design,
the Section 5.10.3 checks are implemented.
API-650 Appendix F requirements - After the actual roof computations are completed, the
API-650 Appendix F requirements are evaluated.
Also note that the roof weights computed from a design are used in subsequent (seismic)
computations.
Seismic requirements of API-650 Appendix E - The guidelines of this appendix are applied
to the tank in three conditions; design, test, and empty.
Nozzle flexibility calculations as outlined in API-650 Appendix P - This appendix also
offers guidelines on the maximum allowed nozzle loads. The program can determine the
flexibilities and limiting loads on up to fifteen nozzles for all three sets of shell course
thicknesses (design, test, and user input).
Grillage computations - These computations conform to the rules of API-650 Appendix I,
Section 7.
Settlement limits as set forth in API-653 Appendix B - These computations use an iterative
procedure to determine the optimum cosine curve which most closely represents the user's
measured values of shell settlement. After the cosine curve is known, the out-of-plane
settlement and out-of-plane deflection can be determined.
Service/maintenance computations - These computations are based on API-653 Section 2.
API-2000 Venting calculations.
After all sizing, roof, and seismic computations have been completed, the evaluation for the
permitted cycle life according to Appendix M, Section M.4 begins.
Following the cycle life calculations, the bolting requirements are checked. This procedure
evaluates each of the load cases defined in Section 5.12 and determines, if necessary, the
required number of bolts and the bolt size. A second pass is then made to determine the
governing condition and to report a single bolt size and quantity, with the corresponding stress for
each load case.

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Analysis/Solution Phase

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SECTION 9

Local Graphics Output

When an analysis is complete, the output options are available. These options include both text
based reports and graphics. This section describes the graphics produced for subsequent printing
or capturing. The available graphics are:
A general tank sketch showing plate layouts and overall dimensions
A pair of nozzle interaction diagrams, used to check the conformance of the nozzle to API-650
Appendix P.
A sketch of the results of the supported cone roof design.
A plot of the shell settlement and optimum cosine curve results.
Each of these graphics is discussed in the following sections.
The Local Graphics module can be entered by clicking Output > Local Graphics, or by
selecting the icon representing an XY plot. If output is not available for the current job, both of
these items are grayed out. After you enter the local graphics mode, the Main Menu changes to
reflect the graphics controls.

Figure 48: Local Graphics Menu

This menu presents options for the tank sketch, shell settlement plotting, nozzle interaction
diagrams, and supported cone roof sketches. In addition to the menu options, the following icons
are also available.
Plot Tank Elevations - Produces the basic tank sketch.
Plot Settlement - Plots the shell settlement data.
Plot Nozzles - Plots the first nozzle interaction diagram.
Plot Cone Roof - Plots the supported cone roof sketch.
Return to Main Menu - Exits the graphics processor and return to the text based menu. Use
of this option is necessary to review text based reports, or modify the input data.

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Local Graphics Output

Tank Layout Sketch

Enables the generation of an overall tank sketch with a number of optional details.

Figure 49: Tank Sketch

The tank sketch is useful to get an overall representation of the size of the tank.

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Local Graphics Output

Shell Settlement Plots

Produces XY type plots detailing the shell settlement evaluation according to API-653 Appendix
B. The Settlement menu provides options to plot the settlement measurements, the optimum
cosine curve, the out-of-plane deflection, as well as an option to spline the data. Splining the data
smoothes the curves and makes better presentations.

Figure 50: Settlement Plot

The settlement plot uses two Y axes. The far left Y axis is for the out-of-plane deflection
curve. The Y axis closest to the curves is for the measured and optimum cosine curves. These
axes and their associated curves are shown in different colors for better visualization.
The settlement plot positions the curves on an X axis showing the relative angular position around
the tank circumference from the point of maximum settlement. The settlement plot also includes a
secondary X axis which shows the location of the actual measurement points.

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Local Graphics Output

Nozzle Interaction Diagrams

The nozzle plots construct the nozzle interaction diagrams of API-650 Appendix P, necessary to
determine if a nozzle is overloaded. The Nozzle Plot menu provides options to select which
nozzle to plot (out of a possible 15), which interaction diagram to plot - either longitudinal or
circumferential, and which thickness to use - either design, test, or user entered.

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Local Graphics Output

The resulting sketches also plot the interaction point, as an asterisk. The location of this point is
plotted on the interaction diagram using the input values of applied piping loads. If the piping loads
are not specified, the interaction point plots at the origin.

Figure 51: Longitudinal Nozzle Interaction Diagram

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Local Graphics Output

Figure 52: Circumferential Nozzle Interaction Diagram

For the nozzle to meet the criteria of API-650 Appendix P, the interaction point must plot inside the
diagram.

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Local Graphics Output

Supported Cone Roof Sketches

If a supported cone roof has been designed by the program, the resulting design can be shown
graphically. These roof sketches are not shown to scale, they are provided for information
purposes only.
Besides the basic roof sketch, defining the roof nomenclature, structural cross section sizes,
lengths, and quantities can be noted on the sketch. A typical roof sketch, showing cross section
sizes is shown below.

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Local Graphics Output

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SECTION 10

Output Report Generation

Most of the time spent reviewing the results of a TANK analysis will be in reviewing tabular
reports. These reports are organized in the same manner as the input data is, by topic.
When the analysis phase completes, the Output Report menu displays. This menu lists the
available reports.

Figure 53: Typical Output Report Menu

Each item in the above menu produces a different report. Multiple reports can be selected using
the Ctrl key in combination with a left mouse click. (Items can be de-selected in the same
manner). The first report selected will be presented in the viewing pane on the right side of the
window. After a report (or multiple reports) has been selected, the View Report menu option and
tool bar icon are activated. The tool bar icons on this menu perform the functions defined in the
following paragraphs.
Open - Enables switching to the output of a different job. This option opens a standard File
Open dialog, showing only those jobs that have output.
Save - Saves the selected reports.
Print - Prints the selected reports.
View Report using Microsoft Word - Displays the selected reports in Microsoft Word.
When you send reports to Microsoft Word, if a file named header.doc exists in the
\tank\system folder, its contents will be read and used as a page header when TANK exports the
reports to Word. The intent is that the header.doc file contains the company logo and address
details.

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Output Report Generation

Delete Selected Reports - Erases the selected reports.
Modify the Starting Page Number - Displays the Starting and Ending Page Specification
dialog box. From this dialog box you can specify the starting and ending page numbers. You can
also suppress the ending page number. This option is useful when a second print session is
required it is necessary that page numbers start where the first report ended.
Disable/Enable Page Numbering - Turn on or off the page numbering.
Select Font - Changes the font when printing reports.
Select Heading Fonts - Displays the Select Major and Minor Fonts dialog box. From this
dialog box you can select fonts for page headings, major and minor level text.
Previous Report - Displays the previous report.
Next Report - Displays the next report.

Output Report Discussions

Examples (on page 117) include several example jobs with complete output report listings. Each
of these reports is discussed, in general, in the following sections. Note that a particular report only
exists if the corresponding input was defined by the user, and the report was requested on the
previously discussed control screen.
Each page of output begins with a header. The header contains the users name, page number,
job name, date, time, and program version number.

Job Title Page

The job title page reflects the user-specified description of the tank and its associated data. Any
specified notes or peculiarities should be mentioned here.

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Output Report Generation

User Input Data

The next report in sequence contains the user's input data. This report reflects exactly what was
defined in the input module. Note that this report can vary in length depending on the number of
shell courses and nozzles defined, as well as whether or not roof, seismic, and settlement details
were defined.

Figure 54: User Input Data

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Output Report Generation

Error Checker LOG File

The next report is the LOG file generated by the error checker. This report will contain a list of
every warning message generated during the error check of the input data.

Figure 55: Error Checker LOG File

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Output Report Generation

Solution Module TXT File

The Solution Module .TXT File report contains the contents of the message file generated by the
solution module. The size of this report will vary depending on which solution routines were
needed and how many iterations were necessary to determine the results.
The values reported in the message file are shown in the program's internal units system,
ENGLISH. All other values in all of the other output reports are shown in the units system that you
specified.

Figure 56: Solution Module TXT File

Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights

This is the first report containing formal output data computed by the program. It begins with a
summary of the wind parameters used during the analysis, consisting of the velocity factor, the
area exposed to the wind, and the wind moment.
The next section of the report reflects the material properties used, including the wind girder height
reduction factor. For each shell course, the material name, design allowable stress, test allowable
stress, and Appendix M reduction factor are listed.
The next section of the report details the final shell course thicknesses for the design and test
cases. The user-defined shell course thickness is also reported here, as well as the minimum
allowed metal temperature as obtained from API-650 Figure 2-1. The thickness used in
implementing this Figure is the maximum of the design and test cases.
For API-653 analysis, the next section of the output contains a table showing the retiring thickness
and remaining corrosion allowance for each course.
The next section of the report details the allowed fluid heights for the design and test cases, as
well as the required fluid height is also shown in the table.

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Output Report Generation

The next section includes the annular base plate thickness and width, the weight of the shell, and
the center of gravity of the shell.
The next section details the results of the "wind overturning stability check", based on API-650
Section 5.11.
The next section of this report details the results of the wind girder computations. This includes the
required section modulus for both the top and intermediate wind girders, as well as the maximum
height of the unstiffened shell. Following this information is a table showing the wind girder
requirements as a result of the transformed section method. For each wind girder required, the
geometry detail and angle size are also reported. If Detail e is required, the b dimension is also
included in the report.
The final section of this report presents a weight summary of the various tank components.

Figure 57: Typical Output Report Menu

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Output Report Generation

Roof Evaluation
The roof evaluation report details the results of the design or analysis of supported cone roofs, and
the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix F. The roof
report begins with the required thickness and actual weight of the roof plates, and the design roof
load.
If a supported cone roof was designed or analyzed, the resulting structural member sizes and
loads are reported next. This information begins with the number of girder rings, the radius to
each girder ring, and the number and length of the girders in each ring. This report is shown below.

Figure 58: Rafter & Girder Layout Details

Also shown above are the rafter details. This information includes the number of rafters in each
rafter ring, the spacing on the outer girders, the number of rafters resting on the outer girders, the
spacing on the inner girders, the number of rafters resting on the inner girders, and the rafter
length. Note that at the center of the tank, and at the shell, the number of rafters per girder is
reported as zero.

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Output Report Generation

The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the rafter and girder sizing parameters.
This information includes the unit load on the member, the selected cross section, the required
section modulus, and the actual section modulus. This information is provided for each rafter and
girder ring, and is shown below.

Figure 59: Rafter & Girder Sizing Details

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Output Report Generation

The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the column sizing parameters. This
information begins with the column load, height, allowable compressive stress, and required
radius of gyration. This is followed by the selected cross section, the actual compressive stress,
and the actual radii of gyration. This information is shown below.

Figure 60: Column Sizing Details

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Output Report Generation

Following the column sizing details is the summary of the checks made according to Section
5.10.3. These checks determine the acceptability of the structural elements based on allowable
stresses and unbraced lengths.

Figure 61: Structural Check Report

Following these checks is a weight summary of the supported cone roof components.
Following the roof design/analysis report, are the results of the Appendix F computations. This
information begins with the uplift force due to internal pressure and the resisting force due to tank
weight.
This information is followed by the maximum design pressure limited by uplift, the maximum
pressure at the roof/shell junction, and the compression ring failure pressure. All pressures are
reported in the users units for pressure and in inches of water, an API unit.
The last section of the roof report shows the required area of the roof/shell junction as per Section
F.5, and either 5.10.5 or 5.10.6.

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Output Report Generation

Seismic Analysis Results

The seismic report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650
Appendix E. These computations were made for three cases: design fluid, test fluid, and empty.

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Output Report Generation

Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results

The nozzle report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650
Appendix P. These computations were made for three cases: design shell thickness, test shell
thickness, and user input thickness. For each case, the flexibilities, deflection, rotation, and
limiting loads on the nozzle are reported. This information is repeated for each nozzle defined in
the input.

Figure 62: Nozzle Report

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Output Report Generation

Settlement Checks
The settlement check report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of
API-653 Appendix B. This report provides the maximum allowed out-of-plane deflection and a
table showing the out-of-plane settlement at each of the measurement points.
This table also includes the settlement measurements, the optimum cosine curve through these
measured points, the out-of-plane settlement, and the out-of-plane deflection.

Figure 63: Shell Settlement Report

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

111

Output Report Generation

API-2000 Venting Output

The venting report details the results of the computations made according to Section 4.3 of
API-2000. This report provides the venting requirements for inbreathing, outbreathing and fire
exposure. The venting report is shown below.

Figure 64: Venting Report

112

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Output Report Generation

API-650 Bolting Report

The bolting report details the results of the computations made for Section 5.12. There are two
sections to this report. The first section contains the uplift and load per bolt for the various load
cases. The second section shows the required number of bolts, the required bolt diameter, and
the resulting bolt stress for each of the various load cases.

Figure 65: Bolting Report

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

113

Output Report Generation

API-650 Cycle Life Output

The cycle life report details the results of the computations made for Appendix M. The report lists
the exclusions and checks made, as well as the number of allowed cycles.

Figure 66: Cycle Life Report

114

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Output Report Generation

API-650 External Pressure Output

The External Pressure report details the result of the computations made for Appendix V.

Figure 67: External Pressure Report

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

115

Output Report Generation

116

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

SECTION 11

Examples
This chapter discusses several example jobs that illustrate the proper definition of input data and
present solutions to some of the examples found in the code.

In This Section
Example Problem APP_K ........................................................... 117
Example Problem O_WC ............................................................ 117
Example Problem A_WC ............................................................ 117
Example Problem KOCZWARA .................................................. 118
Example Problem B&Y ............................................................... 118
Example Problem SSTEST1 ....................................................... 118
Example Problem TEST1............................................................ 118
Example Problem SSC1 ............................................................. 118
Example Problem APP_P ........................................................... 118
Example Problem EXTERN01 .................................................... 118
Example Problem SEIS01 ........................................................... 119

Example Problem APP_K

The example problem illustrating the application of the Variable Point design method for shell
thickness computations according to Appendix K is located at \examples\app_k.tki.

Example Problem O_WC

The example problem illustrating the shell thickness computations, as defined by the One Foot
method, is located at \examples\o_wc.tki.

Example Problem A_WC

The example problem illustrating the shell thickness computations, as defined by Appendix A of
API-650, is located at \examples\a_wc.tki.

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117

Examples

Example Problem KOCZWARA

The example problem illustrating the application of the Fourier Series solution to the optimum
cosine curve in the determination of the API-653 Appendix B out-of-plane settlement
computations, (as defined in a paper by Koczwara) is located at \examples\koczwara.tki.

Example Problem B&Y

The example problem illustrating the design of supported cone roofs according to the procedures
outlined in Brownell & Young. This particular example is taken from the text Process Equipment
Design by Brownell & Young. For more information see the file \examples\b&y.tki.

Example Problem SSTEST1

The example problem illustrating the implementation of the rules in API-650 Appendix S, for
stainless steel tanks, including the necessary modifications for the high temperature sections of
Appendix M, is located at \examples\sstest1.tki.

Example Problem TEST1

The example problem illustrating the general computations performed for typical tank is located at
\examples\test1.tki.

Example Problem SSC1

The example problem illustrating the computations performed for Appendix E, Seismic
Considerations is located at \examples\ssc1.tki.

Example Problem APP_P

The example problem illustrating the computations performed for low tank nozzles according to
Appendix P is located at \examples\app_p.tki.

Example Problem EXTERN01

This example problem illustrates the external pressure performed according to Appendix V.

118

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Examples

Example Problem SEIS01

This example problem illustrates the seismic computations performed according to Appendix E.

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

119

Examples

120

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

APPENDIX A

Appendix A - Program File List

This section lists the files distributed with TANK. The lists correspond to the program sets
manipulated by the installation program.

Main Set
APIOUT.EXE - Output preprocessor
APISOLV.EXE - Solution module
COADEXE.EXE - EXE file scanner
CRCCHK.EXE - CRC check program
MAKEUNIT.EXE - Units generation module
MATEDIT.EXE - Material database editor
OUTPUT.EXE - Output report review processor
TANK.EXE- Main program
TKERCK.EXE - Error check module
OUTWORD.DLL - Support dll

Help & Error Processing Set

API01.EXE - Input module help data file
API02.EXE - Input module help pointer file
TKER01A.EXE - Diagnostic error message data file
TKER01B.EXE - Diagnostic error message data file
TKER01Z.EXE - Diagnostic error message data file
TKER02A.EXE - Diagnostic error message pointer file
TKER02B.EXE - Diagnostic error message pointer file
TKER02Z.EXE - Diagnostic error message pointer file
TKERROR.EXE - Diagnostic error processor
TKSET01.EXE - Configuration program help data file
TKSET02.EXE - Configuration program help pointer file
TANK.CHM - Help file
TIPS.TXT - Tip of the day file

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121

Appendix A - Program File List

English Text Set

SCREEN1.TXT - Messages for input processor
SCREEN3.TXT - Messages for analysis module
SCREEN4.TXT - Messages for output processing
TITLE.HED - Title page template file

API Data Set

A650_88.MAT - 1988 API-650 material database
A650_93.MAT - 1993 API-650 material database
A650_94.MAT - 1994 API-650 material database
A650_94I.MAT - 1994 API-650 material database plus
A650_95.MAT - 1995 API-650 material database
A650_95I.MAT - 1995 API-650 material database plus
A650_96.MAT - 1996 API-650 material database
A650_96I.MAT - 1996 API-650 material database plus
A650_97.MAT - 1997 API-650 material database
A650_97I.MAT - 1997 API-650 material database plus
A650_98.MAT - 1998 API-650 material database
A650_98I.MAT - 1998 API-650 material database plus
A650_00.MAT - 2000 API-650 material database
A650_00I.MAT - 2000 API-650 material database plus
A650_05.MAT - 2005 API-650 material database
A650_08.MAT - 2008 API-650 material database
AISC89.DAT - Structural database file
API650.DIG - Digitized data from API-650 App P
ENGLISH.FIL - ENGLISH units file
MM.FIL - Millimeter units file
MPH.FIL - ENGLISH units file with MPH wind speed
SI.FIL - SI units file
T2A.EXE - Data from API-2000 Table 2A
T322.EXE - Data from Table 3-22
XX.CRC - CRC check data

122

international materials
international materials
international materials
international materials
international materials
international materials

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Appendix A - Program File List

Examples Data Set

TEST1.TKI - Sample input for variable point method
APP_P.TKI - Example nozzle flexibility calcs from Appendix P
APP_K.TKI - Example thickness calcs from Appendix K
A_WC.TKI - Sample input for Appendix A method
O_WC.TKI - Sample input for One-Foot method
KOCZWARA.TKI - Sample input for API-653 Appendix B shell settlement
B&Y.TKI - Example roof design from Brownell & Young
SSTEST1.TKI - Stainless steel example
SSC1.TKI - Example seismic computations for Appendix E
EXTERN01.TKI - Example computations for Appendix.
SEIS01.TKI - Example seismic computations for Appendix E.

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123

Appendix A - Program File List

124

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

APPENDIX B

Appendix B - Standard Units Systems

This section discusses the four standard units sets distributed with TANK. You can use the units
generator to create additional sets if necessary.

Figure B.1 - English Units File

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

125

Appendix B - Standard Units Systems

Figure B.2 - MPH (miles per hour) Units File

Figure B.3 - SI Units File

Figure B.4 - MM Units File

126

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

APPENDIX C

Appendix C - List of Materials

This section discusses the Material Database. When the Material Database is accessed from
the input module, the following properties are returned for each material:allowable design stress:
Allowable test stress
Minimum yield stress
Minimum tensile stress
Maximum thickness
Grade
Group

* ASTM Standards
A-283
A-285
A-131,A
A-131,B
A-131,CS
A-36
A-131,EH36
A-573,58
A-573,65
A-573,705
A-516,55
A-516,60
A-516,65
A-516,70
A-662,B
A-662,C
A-537,1
A-537,2
A-633,C
A-633,D
A-678,A
A-678,B
A-737,B
A-841

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127

Appendix C - List of Materials

* CSA Standards
G40.21
G40.21
G40.21
G40.21
G40.21
G40.21

38W
38WT
44W
44WT
50W
50WT

* National Standards
NS,235
NS,250
NS,275

* ISO 630
E-275t,C
E-275,C
E-275t,D
E-275,D
E-355,C
E-355t,C
E-355,D
E-355t,D

C
C
D
D
C
C
D
D

* Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant)

SS-304
SS-304L
SS-316
SS-316L
SS-317
SS-317L
SS-201-1
SS-201LN

128

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Appendix C - List of Materials

* Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent)

S31803
S32003
S32101
S32205
S32304
S32550
S32520
S32750
S32760

* Unknown For API-653

UNKNOWN

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129

Appendix C - List of Materials

130

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

APPENDIX D

Appendix D - Default Configuration

Directives
Ver. 2.200
ROOF_PROJECTION_IN_WIND_MOMENT=
SHELL_THICK_CONVERG_TOLERANCE=
GENERATE_MESSAGE_FILE=
COSINE_CURVE_TOLERANCE=
COSINE_CURVE_ITERATION_LIMIT=
WIND_GIRDER_SHELL_THICKNESS=
SHELL_SETTLEMENT_METHOD=
CORRODED_NOZZLES=
653_CORRODED_HYDROTEST_CASE=
THICKNESS_ROUNDUP_TO_NEAREST=
PLATE_MATERIAL_DENSITY=
MODIFY_FLUID_HEIGHT_BY_PRESSURE=
ROUND_ANCHOR_BOLTS_BY=
WIND_MOMENT_IN_APP_F
FULL_SHELL_WEIGHT_IN_APP_F
MATERIAL_FILE=
UNITS_FILE=

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

YES
.5000000E-02
YES
.3000000E+00
.1000000E+03
MAX
FOURIER_SERIES
NO
NO
.0000000E+00
.2835648E+00
YES
.4000+E01
Sect.3.9.7.1
YES
A650_94.MAT
ENGLISH.FIL

1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
61
62

1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.

131

Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives

132

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

APPENDIX E

Appendix E - Revision History

This section lists the revision history of TANK.

Version 3.30 Changes (9/10)

Implemented the changes for API-650 11th Edition Addendum 2.

Version 3.20 Changes (9/09)

Implemented API -650 11th Edition Addendum 1.
Implemented API-653 4th Edition.
Relocated \System & \Examples to %alluserprofile%.

Version 3.10 Changes (9/08)

Implemented API -650 11th Edition.
Added additional Bolt Tables TEMA Metric, BS3643, South African Bolt.
Colorized the Output Report text to denote failures and highlights.

Version 3.00 Changes (11/07)

th

Incorporated changes to address Addendum 4 API - 650 10 Edition.

rd
Incorporated changes to address Addendum 2 API - 653 3 Edition.
Added a Wind Parameter input dialog.
Added several minor changes as requested by users.

Version 2.55 Changes (10/05)

Added input fields and associated handling for insulation thickness and insulation density.
Added many text changes to the output, to provide more information and detail.
Added JIS structural steel shape library.
Upgraded hardware lock to Aladdins latest HL key

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133

Appendix E - Revision History

Version 2.50 Changes (3/04)

Incorporated the computations for Cycle Life from API-650 Appendix M.
Included an alternate method to determine nozzle stiffnesses, from PVP-1279.
Incorporated API-650 10th Edition, Addendum 3.
Incorporated API-653 3rd Edition, Addendum 1.
Revised the output processor, for easier usage.
Since bolting data is now a required input, this dialog has been moved from the Seismic
section to the General Tank Data section.
Incorporated the ability to check for web site updates.
Revised documentation.

Version 2.40 Changes (7/02)

Updated software to comply with API-650 10th Edition.
Updated software to comply with API-653 3rd Edition.
Added dynamic tank sizing control to the sizing scratch-pad.

Version 2.30 Changes (2/02)

Added functionality allowing Tank output to be sent to Microsoft Word increasing formatting
capabilities
Added [D]efault buttons to the Configuration dialog enabling users to reset the directive to its
default value with a single click
Modified the Error Checker module to notify users of fatal errors when run in batch mode
Simplified use of user-defined materials. The user material file no longer needs to be manually
merged with the COADE supplied material database. This operation is performed in memory
by the input processor when necessary.
Added Animated Tutorials to the Help menu
Added on-line Software registration. This provides better capability to notify users of software
updates.

Version 2.20 Changes (9/00)

Corrosion is now considered in Section E.4.6.
The materials of API-650 Table 3-2 have been modified according to Addendum 1.
The default configuration has been modified to include uplift due to pressure in the
computations of Section E.6.1, as a result of Addendum 1.
Re-digitization of the curves in Figures E.2 through E.4

134

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Appendix E - Revision History

Version 2.10 Changes (5/00)

Compliance with API-650 10th Edition
Compliance with API-653 2nd Edition, Addendum 3
Incorporated API-2000 venting computations
Modified API-620 sloshing wave height in accordance with latest API-620 revision

Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99)

Conversion to native Windows application
Incorporation of HTML help system
On-line documentation

API-650 Changes:
The material database has been updated to reflect the changes to Table 3-2. This involved
removing both A442 materials.
Appendix F no longer forces a redesign utilizing Appendix A.
Appendix I changed the equation for the maximum deflection by raising a term in the
denominator to the 3rd power.
Section 3.4.2 has been incorporated, which insures that the bottom plate diameter is at least D
+ 2 inches.
A modification has been made to the implementation of Section 3.5.2, to include the bottom
shell course thickness.
Allowances have been made to enable metric jobs to utilize 6 mm plate as the minimum
thickness instead of 0.25 inch plate.

API-653 Changes:
The equations for determining the allowable stress have been modified as per the recent
addendum.
Incorporated a recent Code Interpretation stating that the Appendix M reduction factor should
be applied to both terms in the allowable stress determination.
Modified the basic thickness equation in accordance with the recent addendum (it no longer
subtracts 1 foot from the fluid height).
Incorporated the new computations for the allowed hydrotest height.
Modified the allowed settlement measurement points from 30 ft to 32 ft around the
circumference, in accordance with the recent addendum.

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135

Appendix E - Revision History

Version 1.51 Changes (9/97)

API-653 Addendum 1 updates (December 1996) incorporated. Note, this addendum
changes the equation used in computing the allowable stress for the thickness design of shell
courses 1 and 2!
Added Double-I beams to AISC structural database.
Added roof-plate corrosion allowance and center column cap diameter to roof input
spreadsheet.
Added multiple structural steel databases (includes five overseas databases).
Allowances for user specified time/date stamps on output reports.

Version 1.50 Changes (5/97)

API-650 Addendum 3 updates (December 1996) incorporated.
Grillage computations per API-650 Appendix I added.
Configuration option for considering corroded shell in Appendix F computations.
Modifications for the Year 2000 have been incorporated.
Two modifications were made to the shell course duplication logic. First, versions prior to
1.50 did not duplicate material properties on new shell courses added to an existing input file.
This ability has been added for Version 1.50.
The second modification allows the duplication of the corrosion allowance to the upper
courses to be stopped by entering a value of zero. Previous versions treated zero as a blank,
permitting the duplication of the corrosion from lower courses.
Activating API-650 Appendix A or API-653 for thickness computations, now causes a warning
message to be generated if the joint efficiency is left as 1.0 on the General Tank Data
Spreadsheet.
A change made in the determination of the bottom shell course thickness for use in Section
E.5.3 has resulted in an increase in the actual compressive stress and a decrease in the
corresponding allowable stress.

Version 1.40 Changes (9/96)

API-650 9th Edition, Addendum 2 changes incorporated.
Considerations for Stainless Steels according to the new Appendix S (API-650) have been
added.
API-653 2nd Edition Updates included.
API-653 Table 2-3 implemented for annular base plates.
Configuration option for consideration of internal pressure in the computation of shell course
thicknesses added.
Configuration option for specifying the multiple to be used in selecting the number of anchor
bolts added.
Modifications to file management and module communication to allow multiple users in the
same working directory.
Plotting of the results of the supported cone roof design added.

136

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Appendix E - Revision History

Version 1.31 Changes (2/96)

Anchor Bolt Corrosion specification has been added.
Bold design procedure for Section 3.11 added.
Shell course thicknesses on input can be left blank, the program defaults to the minimum
thicknesses of Table 3.6.1.1.
Additional input data checks incorporated into the Error Check module.
Additional tests in the supported cone roof design module.
New support routines for ESLs (hardware locks) incorporated.
Input cells highlighted for easier visualization.
Variable Point location reported.
Consideration of Section 17.3.8 added.
Bolt design references to standard bolt size table.

Version 1.30 Changes (8/95)

API-650 Addendum 1 updates incorporated.
Mouse support has been added to all modules.
Addition of a User specified thickness round-off increment.
A tank sizing/costing scratch-pad is available.
A material database editor is provided.
Structural element checks per API-650 Section 3.10.3 are implemented for the design of
Supported Cone roofs.
The maximum area for frangible joints as per API-650 3.10.2.5.3 is reported.
Top angle sizing per API-650 Section 3.1.5.9.e has been added.
Wind girder size selection per API-650 Table 3-22 has been added.
Theoretical height of sloshing wave (for Seismic events) determined as per
API-620 L.8.1.
The weight of the bottom and annular base plates is now determined and included in the
weight summary. Additionally the weights for operating, test, and empty conditions are
reported.
API-653 service/maintenance considerations added by allowing individual shell course joint
efficiencies and critical length locations to be specified.
API-653 minimum thickness of bottom plate per 2.4.7.1 added.

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137

Appendix E - Revision History

Version 1.20 Changes (11/94)

Roof design/analysis of Supported Cone roofs according to the procedures set forth in
Brownell & Young.
Library of structural shapes provided to facilitate roof design. This library includes the
standard AISC shapes as well as double channels and pipe cross sections.
Plotting of the nozzle limiting load interaction diagrams for compliance to API-650 Appendix P.
Expanded nozzle input for up to 15 low tank nozzles. Input also allows the specification of the
nozzle weight and external piping loads.
Specification and incorporation of anchor bolt offsets for API-650 Section 3.11 and Appendix E
computations.
PCX images inverted to facilitate insertion of graphics images into documents and reports.

Version 1.10 Changes (6/94)

Computations according to API-650 Section 3.11 for Wind Overturning Stability have been
added.
Anchorage design/analysis according to API-650 Appendix E Section E.6 added.
Automatic generation of nozzle material modulus and expansion coefficient according to
API-650 Appendix Table P-1 added.
The nozzle flexibility computations for API-650 Appendix P have been enhanced to interpolate
between the L/2a=1.0 and L/2a=1.5 curves. Version 1.0 used one or the other set of curves,
there was no interpolation between curves.
Nozzle flexibility analysis can optionally consider a reinforcing pad on the tank shell.
For API-653 analysis, an additional output table for Retiring Thicknesses and Remaining
Corrosion Allowances has been added.
For API-653 runs, a configuration directive has been added to allow a corroded hydrotest
case.
Several network specific enhancements have been made to the program. This includes
changes to the file manager to recognize discontiguous disk drives, a network hardware lock,
and a segregation of program and system files.
A new loader is available to provide diagnostic capabilities from the Main Menu.
The configuration program has been modified to track user changes, which enables the
program to warn the user when an ESC is attempted without saving the data file.
A batch stream processor has been added to enable the processing of multiple jobs.
The input and output modules support a pop-up calculator for on-screen computations. The
calculator supports the basic four math operations, trigonometric functions, squares, and
square roots.
Several new configuration directives have been added. These new directives allow the
specification of the default wind pressure for Section 3.11, and the setting of the default output
report generation parameters.
An additional "English" units file is provided. This units file, MPH.FIL defines the wind speed
in units of miles per hour.

138

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

APPENDIX F

Appendix F - Selected References

API-650, American Petroleum Institute, Tenth Edition, November 2001(Including Addendum
1-4)
API-653, American Petroleum Institute, Third Edition, December 2001(Including Addendum
1-2).
API-620, American Petroleum Institute, Eighth Edition, June 1990.
Process Equipment Design, Brownell & Young, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959.
Simple Method Calculates Tank Shell Distortion, F. A. Koczwara, Hydrocarbon Processing,
August 1980.
Criteria for Settlement of Tanks, Marr, Ramos, and Lambe, Journal of the Geotechnical
Engineering Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol 108,
August 1982.
Ovalization of Cylindrical Tanks as a Result of Foundation Settlement, Malik, Morton, and
Ruiz, Journal of Strain Analysis, Vol 12, No 4, 1977.
Stiffness Coefficients and Allowable Loads for Nozzles in Flat-Bottom Storage Tanks,
Billimoria, and Hagstrom, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, November 1978.
Experimental Investigation of Stiffness Coefficients and Allowable Loads for a Nozzle in a Flat
Bottom Storage Tank, Billimoria and Tam, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, August
1980.
Improve Storage Tank Inspections, Hendrix & Carucci, Hydrocarbon Processing, January
1995.
Nozzle Stresses Resulting from Piping Loads at Low Type Nozzles in API-650 Storage Tanks,
Lengsfeld, Bardia, and Taagepera, PVP Vol 315, ASME 1995.
An Evaluation of Procedures for Determining the Fitness-For-Service of Settled Aboveground
Storage Tanks, Osage, Parikh, and Horwege, PVP Vol 315, ASME 1995.
FDA VS API-650 for Low Tank Nozzles, Lengsfeld, Bardia and Taagepera, PVP Vol 336,
ASME 1996.
Recent Developments in API Tankage Standards, Smith, PVP Vol 336, ASME 1996.
Frangible Roof Joint Behavior of Cylindrical Oil Storage Tanks Designed to API 650 Rules, Lu,
Swenson, and Fenton, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 118, August 1996.
Revise Storage Tank Inspections, Carucci & Ay, Hydrocarbon Processing, October 1996.
Above Ground Storage Tanks, Philip E. Myers, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
API-2000, America Petroleum Institute, Fifth Edition, April 1998.
Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera,
Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld, PVP-1279, ASME, 2002.

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139

Appendix F - Selected References

140

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Index
*

* ASTM Standards 127

* CSA Standards 128
* Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature
Dependent) 129
* ISO 630 128
* National Standards 128
* Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant)
128
* Unknown For API-653 129

Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version? 18

carbon steels 42
Completing the Error Check Phase 85
computation control 22
Computation Control Tab (Configuration
Dialog Box) 22
configuration 21
configuration file 21
cost 78
CRC Check 32
current codes 10
Cycle Life Data Dialog Box 69

A
allowable stresses 88
Analysis/Solution Phase 87
anchor bolt 63
Anchor Bolt Details Tab (General Tank Data
Dialog Box) 51
Announcing Builds 18
API 650 External Pressure (App V.) Dialog
Box 70
API Data Set 122
API-2000 39
API-2000 Venting Output 112
API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box
76
API-650 Bolting Report 113
API-650 Cycle Life Output 114
API-650 External Pressure Output 115
API-653 Service Measurement Data 72
Appendix A - Program File List 121
Appendix B - Standard Units Systems 125
Appendix C - List of Materials 127
Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives
131
Appendix E - Revision History 133
Appendix F - Selected References 139
Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched
Version 20

B
batch stream processor 31
Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab (653 Service
Measurement Data Dialog Box) 72
Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service
Measurement Data Dialog Box) 73
Build Version Checker 32

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

D
Database Definitions Tab (Configuration
Dialog Box) 24
Detecting/Checking Builds 19
diagnostic message 87
diagnostics 9
Diagnostics Menu 32
DLL files 32
DLL Version Checker 32

E
earthquake data 63
English Text Set 122
Error Checker 30, 83
Error Checker LOG File 102
Error Checking 9, 83
error detection 9
error message 83
Error Review Module 32
ESL fax update 34
ESL Installation on a Network 17
ESL Menu 34
ESL phone update 34
Example Problem A_WC 117
Example Problem APP_K 117
Example Problem APP_P 118
Example Problem B&Y 118
Example Problem EXTERN01 118
Example Problem KOCZWARA 118
Example Problem O_WC 117
Example Problem SEIS01 119
Example Problem SSC1 118
Example Problem SSTEST1 118

141

Index
Example Problem TEST1 118
Examples 117
Examples Data Set 123

material files 24
message file 31, 87
MRU list 28

fluid heights 88

nozzle flexibility 88
Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results 110
nozzle interaction diagrams 94
Nozzle Interaction Diagrams 94
Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box 66

G
General Roof Specs Tab (Roof Specification
Parameters Dialog Box) 55
General Tank Data Dialog Box 42
Girder Rings Tab (Roof Specification
Parameters Dialog Box) 63
grillage 65
Grillage Review Dialog Box 65

H
Hardware/Software Requirements 12
Help 8
Help & Error Processing Set 121
help system 8
HTML help system 36

I
Identifying Builds 18
In-Field Computations 9
input calculator 9
input file 39
Input Menu 39
Installation 11
Installing Builds 19
Installing TANK 12
Installing TANK in Silent Mode 16
Introduction 7

J
Job Title Page 100

L
Local Graphics Output 91

M
Main Menu 27
Main Set 121
Manual Shell Course Specification Tab
(API-653 Service Measurement Data
Dialog Box) 75
material data base editor 31
material database 42

142

O
Obtaining Builds 18
optimum cosine curve 88
Output Report Discussions 100
Output Report Generation 99
output reports 99

P
Program Capabilities 10
Program Configuration 21
program files 87, 121
program interface 8
Program Interface Generalities 8
Program Support 18

Q
Quick Start 25

R
registration 36
roof 53
roof data 53
roof evaluation 105
Roof Evaluation 105
roof sketch 97
Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box
53

S
scratchpad 78
seismic 88
Seismic Analysis Results 109
seismic data 63
Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box 63
Seismic Data Tab (Seismic Data
Specifications Dialog Box) 64
settlement 88
Settlement Checks 111
settlement dialog 71

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

Index
Shell Courses Tab (General Tank Data
Dialog Box) 50
shell settlement 93
Shell Settlement Data 71
Shell Settlement Plots 93
Software Revision Procedures 18
Solution Module TXT File 103
Solution Overview 88
stainless steels 42
Starting TANK 25
supported cone roof 53
Supported Cone Roof Data Tab (Roof
Specification Parameters Dialog Box) 57
Supported Cone Roof Sketches 97

T
Tank Data Tab (General Tank Data Dialog
Box) 47
Tank Description Page 41
TANK Input 39
Tank Layout Sketch 92
tank nozzles 66
TANK Program Files 87
Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad 78
Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box
80
tank sketch 92
technical support 36
Technical Support 7
The Analysis Menu 30
The Diagnostics Menu 32
The ESL Menu 34
The File Menu 28
The Help Menu 36
The Input Menu 29
The Output Menu 31
The Tank Description Page 41
The Tools Menu 31
The View Menu 36
thicknesses 88
Tip of the Day 36
tool bar 29

V
venting calculations 88
Venting Data 39, 76
Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) 138
Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) 138
Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) 137
Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) 137
Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) 136
Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) 136
Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) 136
Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) 135
Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) 135
Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) 134
Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) 134
Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) 134
Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) 134
Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) 133
Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) 133
Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) 133
Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) 133
Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) 133
View Menu 36

W
Warning & Error Options 84
warning messages 83
What is Contained in a Specific Build? 19
wind 88
Wind Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog
Box) 51
wind girder 88
wind pressure 22
Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights 103

U
units 42, 99, 125
Units 9
units files 24, 31
units system 9
User Input Data 101
Using the Main Menu 27
Utilities menu 87

Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis

143