Course

Code
HS 403

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS
AND MANAGEMENT

Credit Hours
(Th-Pr)
3-0

Contact
Hrs/Week
(Th-Pr)
3-0

Total Periods
Allocated
(Th-Pr)
32-0

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course deals with the concepts of economics and management with and engineering perspective.

INTENDED COURSE OUTCOME:

The intended outcome of this course is to know the importance of Engineering Economy and modern
parameters of Economy for everyday life. At the end students will be able to develop an estimate cost for any
project.

COURSE OUTLINE:
Accounting, Cost benefit ratios, Interpretation of financial statements. Fundamental economic concepts.
Supply and demands. Types of market and forecasting. Process of planning. Project Planning. Financial
Management. PERT, CPM. Managerial decision making and its impact on society: with emphasis on the
selection of corporate goals, measures of corporate performance and concepts of industrial regulations and
legal aspects.

PREREQUISITES: NIL
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS
S.
NO.
1.
2.
3.

TITLE

AUTHOR(S)

ASSIGNED CODE

Reliability Handbook Text W G Ireson

Engineering Economy Text William G. Sullivan,
Engineering Economy Ref J. Tarquin

GI
GS
JT

TOPICS:
WEEK
NO.
1.
2.
3.

TOPICS
Present Economic Studies, Alternative Machine Speeds
Why Consider Return to Capital? The Concept of Equivalence
Notation and Cash Flow Diagrams/Tables, Interest Formulae

BOOKS
GI,GS
GI
GI,GS

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Interest Rates That Vary With Tim, Total Cost in Material Selection
The Origin of Interest, Simple & Compound Interest,
Nominal and Effective Interest Rates, Interest Problems
The Future worth Method, The Annual worth Method
The Internal Rate of Return Method , The External Rate of Return Method
MID TERM EXAM
Financial Management.
PERT, CPM. (Complete Introduction).

12.

Managerial decision making and its impact on society: with emphasis on the
GI,GS
selection of corporate goals.
Managerial decision making and its impact on society: with emphasis on the
GI,GS
selection of corporate goals,
Measures of corporate performance and concepts of industrial regulations and lega
GI
aspects.

13.
14.

15.
16.
17.
18.
&19.

Introduction to Income Taxes

Parametric Cost Estimating, measures of corporate performance
Test and Assignment.
FINAL TERM EXAM

GI
GI,GS
GI, GS
GI,GS
GI,GS
GI,Net
GI,GS,Net

GI,GS
GI,JT

Course
Code
TE-407

TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS

Credit Hours
(Th-Pr)
3-1

Contact
Hrs/Week
(Th-Pr)
3-3

Total Periods
Allocated
(Th-Pr)
32-16

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The first objective of this course is to give basic concepts relating to wireless and mobile communications
and development of cellular communication infra structure. The second objective is to describe the basic
working and engineering techniques of Optical Fiber Communications.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At successful completion of this course the students will be familiar with cellular network design and
planning with a special focus on GSM and CDMA. The course will also provide the basic knowledge of
optical communication. The students will come to know how efficient and better optical efficiency of
devices can be achieved. What are the basic differences and slight scattering mechanisms in different
generations of optical fiber.

COURSE OUTLINE:
Part-I: Mobile Communications: Evolution of Mobile Communications, Mobile communications
principles, Fading channels, Fading channel models (Rayleigh, Ricean). Fading channel characterization.
Introduction to Cellular Communications, Principles of Cellular system concepts and performance
improvement techniques. Principles and Regulations (GSM Standards from ETSI), 3GPP Standards R-99
up to release 4), Introduction to GSM System, Physical layer, Functional and protocol architecture of
GSM/GPRS, Emerging Wireless Communication Technologies. Spread spectrum communications and
Introduction to CDMA Systems, IS-95 Standard. Third Generation Wireless Communication Standards
(CDMA2000 and UMTS).
Part-II: Optical Fiber Communications: Introduction to Optical fiber communications, Basic
principles, snells law, Numerical aperture (NA),fresnel loss, fiber types, single mode and multimode,
optical fiber losses, (attenuation, dispersion, polarization), special optical fibers, Light sources (LED,
LASER), light detection (p-i-n and APD), Components and connectors, Opto-electronic systems and
networks.

PREREQUISITE(S):

Communication Systems

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
S.NO. TITLE
1.

Wireless Communications : Principles

AUTHOR(S)

ASSIGNED
CODE

Theodore S. Rappaport

RAPP

2.

and Practices
Text
WCDMA & CDMA 2000 for 3G Mobile
Networks
Text

3.
Understanding Optical Communications

4.

Fiber Optic Communication Systems

M.R.Karim, Mohsen
Sarraf

SARR

Harry J.R. Dutton

HJRD

Govind P. Agarwal

GPAL

Text

Ref

TOPICS:
WEEK
NO.

DESCRIPTION

1.

The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals: Frequency reuse,

Channel assignment strategies, Handoff strategies
The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals: Interface and system
capacity, Co-channel interference and system capacity, Channel planning for
wireless system, Adjacent channel interference, Power control for reducing
interference
The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals: Improving coverage
and capacity in cellular system, Cell splitting
Sectoring
Large Scale Path Loss: Free space propagation model, Three basic
propagation mechanism Reflection
Large Scale Path Loss: Reflection from dielectrics, Reflection from perfect
conductors, Practical link budget design using path loss model
Small Scale Fading and Multipath: Factor influencing small scale fading,
Doppler Shift, Types of small scale fading, Rayleigh and Ricean fading
distribution
GSM: System features, System architecture, Logical channels, Frame and slot
structure, Data services
CDMA: System features, Protocol stack, Physical channels, Forward/Reverse
channel transmit functions

2.

3.

4.
5.
6.

7.
8.

9.

MID TERM EXAMS

10.

Introduction: Introduction to Optical fiber, Theories about nature of light,

Electromagnetic waves, Polarization and its types, Concept of diffraction,
Diffraction gratings, Interference, Youngs experiment, Reflection, Refraction
Optical Fiber Systems: Basic definitions of fiber optic system and its
components, Snells Law, Cone of light, Losses in optical fiber
communications, Dispersion and Attenuation, Wave propagation concept in
light wave system, Fiber modes, Single mode Fibers, Multimode fibers
Light Sources: Light production sources, LED, Characteristics of LED, Power
efficiency of LED, LASER, Laser operation, Stimulated emission, Types of
lasers, Difference between spontaneous and stimulated emission, Laser
technical parameters
Optical Parameters and Detectors: Optical parameters, Photo detection,
Photo conductors, Photodiodes, PIN diodes, Avalanche photodiodes

11.

12.

13.

TEXT
BOOKS
RAPP
RAPP

RAPP

RAPP
RAPP

RAPP
SARR
SARR

HJRD

HJRD

HJRD

HJRD

14.
15.
16.

17.
18. &19.

Fiber Manufacturing: Requirements for the fiber optic manufacturing,

Distillation process, Different techniques for vapor deposition, Drawing process
Fiber Splicing: Fusion splicing, Techniques of fusion splicing, problems in
splicing, joining with epoxy glue, Mechanical splicing and bonding
Optical Amplifiers: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), EDFA functions,
Technical characteristics, Gain characteristics
Types of Optical Fiber Cables
Opto-Electronic Systems and Networks: FDDI, SONET/SDH

HJRD
HJRD
HJRD

HJRD

FINAL TERM EXAM

RECOMMENDED PRACTICAL TOPICS:

PRACTICAL
NO.
Part I
1.
2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

Part II

DESCRIPTION
Mobile Communications
Generate binary random sequence with length 10000. What is the distribution? Plot the
histogram
Generate a real Gaussian noise sequence with zero mean and variance 1. Verify the
sequence has a Gaussian distribution. Plot and compare it with the theoretical Gaussian
function. What is the average symbol power of the sequence?
Process a binary data stream using a Communication System that consists of a baseband modulator, channel and demodulator. Compute the systems BER (Assume 16QAM)
Assume BPSK modulation is used for SNR range of 0-15 dB with a step of 2 dB,
length=1000 bits. Simulate
1. BER of the system
2. Plot BER vs. SNR performance for simulated results
3. Plot power spectral density of the transmit sequence
Simulate a QPSK modulation scheme and compare it with BPSK scheme
Plot Path loss curve with respect to distance for different values of path loss exponent
between 2 to 6
Create a Rician fading channel object. Uses it to process a DBPSK signal. Compare the
BER of the system for different values of SNR. Compare the empirical results with
theoretical results and plot them
Create a frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channel object. Uses it to process a DBPSK
signal. Compare the BER of the system for different values of SNR , Compare the
empirical results with theoretical results and plot them
Optical Fiber Communications

9.

To study and Setting up fiber optic analog and digital link.

10.
11.

Study of propagation loss in optical fiber.

Study of bending loss.

12.

Setting up of FO voice link using Intensity Modulation.

13.

Setting up of FO voice link using FM.

14.
15.
16.

Setting up of FO voice link using PWM.

To study the Pulse width modulation system.
To study the Measurement of propagation loss using OPM.

LABORATORY:

Telecommunication/Computer Lab

Course
Code
TE - 408

WAVE PROPAGATION AND

ANTENNAS

Credit Hours
(Th-Pr)
3-1

Contact
Hrs/Week
(Th-Pr)
3-3

Total
Periods
Allocated
(Th-Pr)
32-16

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course has been designed to develop concepts how electromagnetic waves are propagated using various
types of antennas and their characteristics.
INTENDED COURSE OUTCOME:
After the successful completion of this course the student will be familiar with the phenomena of Wave
Propagation (Sky waves, Ground Waves & Space Waves), Transmission lines and Antennas (Antennas
Parameters for the design of antennas). This course also includes hand on experience on Wave Propagation
Trainer, Transmission Line Trainer and Antenna Trainer.

COURSE OUTLINE:
Standard Line Equation, Distributed Parameters, Characteristic Impedance, Concept of Standing and
Travelling Waves On Transmission Line, Reflection (Partial and Total), Standing Wave Ratio, Matching
Smith Chart and Its Applications, Isotropic Antenna, Power Radiated From Short Electric Dipole, Voltage
Received In Antenna, Half Wave Dipole, Loop Antenna, Radiation Pattern, Intensity and Resistance,
Calculation of Antenna Gain and Efficiency, Effective Aperture, Relation Between Gain and Aperture,
Antenna Impedance, Bandwidth, Polarization, Beam width, Antenna Arrays with Isotropic Antennas, Pattern
Multiplications, Width of Major Lobe and Directivity of Antenna Arrays, Binomial and Chebychev Arrays,
Folded Dipole Antenna, Yagi Antenna, Log Periodic Antenna, Parabolic Reflector, Horn Antenna, Feed
Systems, Lens Antennas, Cabinets Principle and Slot Antenna, Antenna On A Flat Earth, Spherical Earth,
Angle of Tilt, Field Strength, Attenuation In Ground Wave Propagation, Bending of Waves, Skip Distance,
MUF, Optimum Working Frequency, Critical Frequency, Virtual Height, and Ionosphere Irregularities,
Ranges, Field Strength, Inversion of Layers, Line-of-Sight Communication.

PREREQUISITE(S): EMT
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS:
S.NO.
1.
2.
3.

TITLE

AUTHOR(S) ASSIGNED
CODE

Electromagnetics, 2nd edition.

Text J. D. Kraus
Electromagnetics, Latest edition. Ref Cheng
Antennas, 3rd edition.
Ref C. A. Ballanis

KR
CH
BA

TOPICS:
WEEK
NO.

DESCRIPTION

TEXT
BOOKS

1.

Wave Propagation: Reflection, Refraction, Difraction, Introduction to Wave

Propagation, Bending of Waves, Skip Distance, MUF, Optimum Working
Frequency, Critical Frequency.

CH/BA/
/KR

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

15.
16.
17.
18. & 19.

CH/BA/KR
Wave Propagation:
Virtual Height, and Ionosphere Irregularities, Ranges, Field Strength.
CH/BA/KR
Wave Propagation:
Inversion of Layers.
CH/KR/Web
Transmission Lines:
Standard Line Equation, Distributed Parameters, Characteristic Impedance.
CH/KR/Web
Transmission Lines:
Concept of Standing and Travelling Waves On Transmission Line, Reflection
(Partial and Total), Standing Wave Ratio.
Transmission Lines: Matching Smith Chart and Its Applications.
CH/KR/Web
BA
Antenna:
Isotropic Antenna, Power Radiated From Short Electric Dipole.
BA
Antenna:
Voltage Received In Antenna, Half Wave Dipole, Loop Antenna.
MID TERM EXAM
Antenna: Radiation Pattern, Intensity and Resistance, Calculation of Antenna
BA
Gain and Efficiency.
Antennas: Effective Aperture, Relation Between Gain and Aperture.
BA
BA
Antennas:
Antenna Impedance, Bandwidth, Polarization, Beam width.
Antennas: Antenna Arrays with Isotropic Antennas, Pattern Multiplications,
BA
Width of Major Lobe and Directivity of Antenna Arrays
BA
Antennas:
Binomial and Chebychev Arrays, Folded Dipole Antenna, Yagi Antenna, Log
Periodic Antenna.
Antennas: Parabolic Reflector, Horn Antenna, Feed Systems, Lens Antennas.
BA
Antennas: Cabinets Principle and Slot Antenna, Antenna On A Flat Earth.
BA
Antennas: Spherical Earth, Angle of Tilt, Field Strength, Attenuation In
BA
Ground.
FINAL TERM EXAM

RECOMMENDED PRACTICAL TOPICS:

PRACTICAL
NO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.

DESCRIPTION
To study reflection, diffraction and Microwave and Snells Law.
To understand the working of transmitter and receiver and to measure the wavelength
of microwave source.
To understand the basic set up and introduce to the given system.
To study the double slit diffraction and interference in microwaves.
To study the Fabry-perot interferometer.
Introduction to the transmission line trainer, characteristics impedance of transmission
line and plot of relationship b/w distance and attenuation along a line using the 600
Ohm attenuation line.
Measure the delay pulse using the simulated 50 ohm line, effect of a reactive
termination using the simulated 50 ohm line.
Measure the reflection using the 50 Ohm line and observe the effect of a reactive
termination using the simulated 50 Ohm line.
Observe noise added to a pulse signal using to a pulse signal using a simulated 50 Ohm

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

line and calculate the signal to noise ratio of the system.

Observe the effect of ac coupling on pulse signal and predict the termination state from
the reflected pulse.
Arranging the antenna trainer and performing functional checks.
To perform Modulation and polarization test.
To practice how to use the matching stub provided with this trainer, Antenna Current
Sensor.
To study Folded Dipole /2 antenna.
To study Yagi UDA 3,5 element Folded Dipole, Hertz antenna, Zeppelin Antenna.
To study /2 phase array End Fire Antenna, Log Periodic Antenna, Rhombus Antenna
and Helix Antenna.

LABORATORY:

Telecommunication Lab

Course
Code
EE - 414

VLSI SYSTEMS

Credit Hours
(Th-Pr)
3-1

Contact
Hrs/Week
(Th-Pr)
3-3

Total
Periods
Allocated
(Th-Pr)
32-16

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To provide fundamental concepts in VLSI systems design. To provide a basic understanding of some
computer-aided techniques used in the design verification, synthesis, optimization, and implementation of
VLSI systems using CMOS technology.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful Completion of this course the students should be able to Understand MOS transistor
operation, design equations, parasitic etc, Understand static & dynamic CMOS Combinational logic,
Understand static & dynamic CMOS Sequential logic, Understand layout design rules. Design and
analyze layouts for simple digital MOS circuits.

COURSE OUTLINE:
Presentation of Concepts and techniques used in the fabrication of VLSI circuits. Topics include basic
semiconductor and MOSFET theory, Integrated Circuit Fabrication, Integrated Circuit Layout, NMOS
and CMOS logic design. Simulation of circuitry. Analogue circuit design, memory and processor design,
testing of VLSI system architecture.

PREREQUISITE(S):

Circuit Analysis, Digital Logic Design

RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS:

S.No.

Title

Author(s)

Assigned Code

Digital Integrated Circuits - A Design Perspective Text J. M. Rabaey

RAB

Application-Specific Integrated Circuits

SMH

Ref

M. John, S. Smith

TOPICS:


WEEK
NO.

DESCRIPTION

BOOKS

1.

Motivation and Introduction to VLSI, Trends in VLSI design.

RAB

2.
3.
4.
5.

RAB
RAB
RAB
RAB

6.

Basic transistor Theory, Diode Ideal model, secondary effects

Introduction MOSFET transistor, MOSFET static and dynamic behavior
MOSFET structure capacitances, MOSFET secondary effects
Introduction to basic inverter function, Voltage Transfer Characteristic, Noise
Margins, Fan in/ Fan out
Static CMOS Inverter, Static and Dynamic Behavior

7.

Static CMOS Inverter, Propagation Delay, Second Order Issues

8.

CMOS Fabrication and Design Rules

RAB,
SMH
RAB
SMH
RAB
SMH

MID TERM EXAM

Technology Scaling and Scaling models
Designing Combinational Logic in CMOS, CMOS AND/OR gates
Complex CMOS gates, CMOS Design Techniques
Ratioed Logic, Pseudo NMOS, Pass Transistor,

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18 & 19.

DCVSL logic, Differential logic style, Transmission gate.

Dynamic CMOS Logic , Properties and Operation.
Problems with Dynamic CMOS Logic
Cascaded Dynamic Gates, Domino logic, np-CMOS logic styles
FINAL TERM EXAM

RAB
RAB
RAB
RAB
SMH
RAB
RAB
RAB
RAB

RECOMMENDED PRACTICAL TOPICS:

PRACTICAL
NO

DESCRIPTION

1.

To perform the Basic Digital Logic (AND Gate, OR Gate, NOT Gate, NAND Gate,
and NOR Gate) operation using VHDL Language with the help of CPLD
Development Platform.
To design the multiplexer (4 to 1 and 8 to 1) in Verilog HDL Language using CPLD
Development Platform.
To design the Demultiplexer (1 to 4 and 1 to 8) in Verilog HDL Language using
CPLD Development Platform.
To design a Full Adder and Half Adder in VHDL Language using FPGA Circuit
board.
To design a Full Subtractor and Half Subtractor in VHDL Language using FPGA
Circuit board.
To design the following types of Flip Flop in VHDL Language using FPGA circuit
board or CPLD Development Platform.
a. RS Flip Flop b. JK Flip Flop c. D Flip Flop d. T Flip Flop
To design the user constraints files of Binary to Grey converter code using EXOR
Gate in VHDL Language on FPGA circuit board.
To design and implement the user constraints files of Grey to Binary code in VHDL
Language on FPGA circuit board
To design a BCD to Seven Segment Decoder using Verilog HDL Language on
CPLD Development Platform and Output showed on Seven Segment Display.
To design a Octal to Binary number system and output of the number system to be
displayed on Seven Segment
To Design and Implement the Bank Token Display in Verilog HDL Language using
the FPGA Circuit Board.
To Design and Implement the User Constraints File of LED Flasher and output
showed on the LEDs.
To design and simulate the characteristics of CMOS Inverter using
MICROWIND/LTSPICE.
To design and simulate the characteristics of Ring Oscillator using
MICROWIND/LTSPICE.
To design and simulate the Layout of CMOS Inverter using L-EDIT.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Laboratory: VLSI Lab