GL Shrestha Tunnel Design Steps

TUNNEL DESIGN STEPS
DR. GYANENDRA LAL SHRESTHA

CEO, NYADI HYDROPOWER LTD.
19 DECEMBER 2014
3 Main Effects of Underground Excavation (Tunnel

X-Sections)
Rock block falls

locally
Water runs in to
tunnel
Stress concentration
after excavation
Preliminary Support Estimation By Empirical Method
Final support chart for Headrace Tunnel.

700
600
Depth
500
400
Squeezing zone
300
200
100
Support type III
Support type II
Support type I
Support type IV
0
0.01
0.1
Q*
10
100
Empirically Estimated Preliminary Supports
Span/
Structure
Height (m)
Headrace
tunnel
10.3
ESR
1.6
De
6.4
25 mm dia
Rock Bolt
Length (m)
Class I
15<Q
Class II
4<Q<15
Class III
0.4<Q<4
Class IV
0.04<Q<0.4
SC and RB as
required
5cm SC
2m cc RB
10cm SC
1.5m cc
RB
15cm SC
1.2m cc RB
Assessment of stress condition

Depth (m)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Unit weight (kN/m3)
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Major Principal Stress 1

(MPa)
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
Unconfined Compressive
Strength (UCS) - ci
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
Maximum Tangential
Stress ()
10
15
20
25
30
35
ci/( 1)
8.8
4.4
2.9
2.2
1.7
1.5
1.3
/ci
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.6
SRF Category
J/K
K/L
L/M
O/N
O/N
O/N
Overburden and Q* values for support Class I, II, III and IV

Support
Class
Cover (m)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
SRF
Class I
15
15
30
45
60
75
90
Class II
12
16
20
24
Class III
0.4
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.4
Class IV
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.2
0.24
Preliminary Support Class Boundaries With

Q* and Overburden
800
700
600
Overburden (m)
500
Support I
Support II
Support III
Support IV
400
300
200
100
0
0.01
0.1
Q* Value
10
20
Class II, 600m, GSI 80 at 100% Relaxation

Sigma 1
MPa
0.00
3.00
6.00
9.00
15
12.00
15.00
18.00
21.00
24.00
27.00
10
30.00
Shear
Tension
Both
Shear
Tension
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
Axial force in Bolt - Class II, 600m, GSI 80 at

100% Relaxation
Phase2 Output Support Class Boundaries with

Q* & Overburden depth
Support
Class
Cover (m)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Class I
15
15
20
30
45
70
106
Class II
4.2
15
25
40
Class III
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Class IV
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.12
0.2
0.3
Revised Support Requirements for Different

Rock Class
Structure
Headrace
tunnel
Span/
Height
(m)
10.3
ESR
1.6
De
6.4
25 mm dia
Rock Bolt
Length (m)
Class I
15<Q
SC and RB
as required
Class II
4<Q<15
Class III
0.4<Q<4
Class IV
0.04<Q<0.4
15cm SC,
2m cc RB
15cm SC,
1.5m cc
RB
20cm SC,
1.0m cc RB,
Steel ribs at
2m spacing
Boundaries for support class I to IV with Q*

Verses Overburden
700
600
Overburden (m)
500
400
Support I
Support II
Support III
Support IV
300
200
100
0
0.01
0.1
Q* Value
10
100
Support Class Boundary Before and After Analysis

Tunnel supports
700
600
Support I
Support II
Support III
Support IV
Support I
Support II
Support III
Support IV
Overburden (m)
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.01
0.1
1
Q* Value
10
100
Hoek & Marinos Method (2000)
ci {1.029+0.025 e (-0.1 mi) }GSI

= i/do = [0.002-0.0025 pi/po] (cm /po)(24 pi/po -2)
cm
= (0.0034 mi 0.8)
Squeezing Based on Strain - Hoek and Marinos (2000)

Depth (m)
55
69
155
330
525
640
Q*
0.02
0.04
0.4
15
25
Major principle stress 1 MPa
1.375
1.725
3.875
8.25
13.125
16
GSI
10
15
36
56
68
73
Percentage Strain in *
Squeezing Demarcation Line

700
600
Overburden (m)
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.01
0.10
1.00
Q* Value
10.00
Details of support for squeezing tunnel
Capacity Check of RC Liner - Squeezing

Tunnel, 500m, GSI 56 at 100% Relaxation
Final support chart for Headrace Tunnel.

700
600
Depth
500
400
Squeezing zone
300
200
100
Support type III
Support type II
Support type I
Support type IV
0
0.01
0.1
Q*
10
100
Primary Supports for Headrace Tunnel
Structure
Headrace
tunnel
Span/
Height
(m)
10.3
ESR
1.6
De
6.4
25 mm dia
Rock Bolt
Length (m)
Class I
15<Q
Class II
4<Q<15
Class III
0.4<Q<4
Class IV
0.04<Q<0.4
Squeezing
tunnel
10cm SC
15cm SC
and RB as
2m cc RB
required
15cm SC
1.5m cc
RB
20cm SC
1.0m cc RB,
Steel ribs at
2m spacing
20cm SC,
2.0m cc
RB, 50cm
concrete
Unlined Tunnel
Shotcrete and rockbolt support
Tunnel With Steel Rib Supports
Concrete Lined Tunnel
Conclusion and recommendation

The support chart considers two variables
namely, overburden depth and Q*-value, could be more
realistic.
It prescribes support needed for squeezing tunnel also.
As it also includes outcomes of Numerical models , it
helps to make construction period optimum and
project cost economic.
It is recommended to develop similar chart latest in the
detailed design.
THANKS

GL Shrestha Tunnel Design Steps

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TUNNEL DESIGN STEPS

DR. GYANENDRA LAL SHRESTHA

3 Main Effects of Underground Excavation (Tunnel

Rock block falls

Preliminary Support Estimation By Empirical Method

Final support chart for Headrace Tunnel.

Support type III

Empirically Estimated Preliminary Supports

Assessment of stress condition

Unit weight (kN/m3)

Major Principal Stress 1

Overburden and Q* values for support Class I, II, III and IV

Preliminary Support Class Boundaries With

Class II, 600m, GSI 80 at 100% Relaxation

Axial force in Bolt - Class II, 600m, GSI 80 at

Phase2 Output Support Class Boundaries with

Revised Support Requirements for Different

Boundaries for support class I to IV with Q*

Support Class Boundary Before and After Analysis

Hoek & Marinos Method (2000)

ci {1.029+0.025 e (-0.1 mi) }GSI

Squeezing Based on Strain - Hoek and Marinos (2000)

Major principle stress 1 MPa

Squeezing Demarcation Line

Details of support for squeezing tunnel

Capacity Check of RC Liner - Squeezing

Final support chart for Headrace Tunnel.

Support type III

Primary Supports for Headrace Tunnel

Shotcrete and rockbolt support

Tunnel With Steel Rib Supports

Concrete Lined Tunnel

Conclusion and recommendation

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