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Set No. 1

Code No: V0121/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
( Common to Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical
Engineering, Mechatronics, Production Engineering, Bio-Technology and
Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) For any three arbitrary events A, B, C prove that
P (A0 B 0 C) = P (A) + P (B) + P (C) P (A B) P (B C) P (C
A) + P (A B C)

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(b) In a certain town 40% have brown hair, 25% have brown eyes and 15% have
both brown hair and brown eyes. A person is select at random from the town

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i. If he has brown hair, what is the probability that he has brown eyes also
ii. If he has brown eyes, determine the probability that he does not have
brown hair
[8+8]
2. (a) Let X denote the minimum of the two numbers that appear when a pair of
fair dice is thrown once. Determine the

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i. discrete probability distribution

ii. expectation
iii. variance.

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(b) Show that if p is small and n is large, then the binomial distribution B(n,p)
is approximated by the Poisson distribution.
[8+8]

3. (a) Find the mean of the normal distribution.

(b) Suppose the weights of 800 male students are normally distributed with mean
=140 pounds and standard deviation 10 pounds. Find the number of students whose weights are
i. between 138 and 148 pounds
ii. more than 152 pounds.

[8+8]

4. (a) A random sample of size 100 is taken from an infinite population having the
mean =76 and the variance 2 = 256. Find the probability that x will be
between 75 and 78.
(b) Write about
i. Null hypothesis
ii. Alternate Hypothesis

[8+8]

5. (a) In a random sample of 160 workers exposed to a certain amount of radiation,

24 experienced some ill effects. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the
corresponding ture percrntage.
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Set No. 1

Code No: V0121/R07

(b) What is the size of the sample required to estimate an unknown proportion
to within a maximum error of 0.06 with at least 5% confidence given that
standard deviation is 2?
(c) The performance of a computer is observed over a period of 2 years to check
the claim that the probability is 0.20 that its downtime will exceed 5 hours
in any given week. Testing the null hypothesis P = 0.20 against the alternate
hypothesis P 6= 0.20, what can we conclude at the level of significance = 0.05,
if there were only 11 weeks in which the downtime of the computer exceeded
5 hours?
[5+5+6]
6. The following is the distribution of the daily number power failures reported in a
western city on 300 days:
Number of Power Failures 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of Days
9 43 64 62 42 36 22 14 6 2

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Test the goodness of fit of poisson distribution at 0.05 level.

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[16]

7. (a) Derive normal equations to fit a parabola y = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2

(b) Fit the curve y = aebx for the following data

[6+10]

x 1 5 7 9 12
y 10 15 12 15 21

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8. (a) If is the angle between two regression lines, the standard deviation of y is
twice the standard deviation of x and r= 0.25, find tan

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(b) Find the rank correlation for the following indices of supply and price of an
article.
[6+10]
Supply 124 100 105 112 102 93 99 115 123 104 99 113 121 103 101
index
Price 80 100 102 91 100 111 109 100 89 104 111 102 98 111 123
index

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Set No. 2

Code No: V0121/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
( Common to Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical
Engineering, Mechatronics, Production Engineering, Bio-Technology and
Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Out of 10 girls in a class , 3 have blue eyes. If 2 of the girls are chosen at
random, what is the probability that

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i. both have blue eyes

ii. at least one has blue eyes

(b) Define conditional probability. Give an example. State the general multiplicative rule and special multiplication rule ( when the events are independent)
[8+8]

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2. (a) A sample of 4 items is selected at random from a box containing 12 items of

which 5 are defective. Find the expected number of defective items.

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(b) Six cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that
i. at least three are diamonds
ii. none is a diamond.

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[8+8]

3. (a) If the variance of a poisson variate is 3. Find the probability that

i. x=0
ii. 1 x <4
iii. 0 < x 3

(b) Given that the mean heights of students in a class is 158 cms with standard
deviation of 20 cms. Find how many students heights lie between 150 cms and
170 cms, if there are 100 students in the class.
[8+8]
4. A population consists of five numbers 2,3,6,8,11. Consider all possible samples of
size two which can be drown without replacement from the population. Find
(a) The mean of the population
(b) Standard deviation of the population.
(c) The mean of the sampling distribution of means
(d) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means.

[4+4+4+4]

5. (a) A lady stenographer claims that she can take dictation at the rate of 118
words per minute can we reject her claim on the basis of 100 trials in which
she demonstrates a mean of 116 words and a S.D of 15 words.
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Set No. 2

Code No: V0121/R07

(b) In a large consignment of oranges a random sample of 64 oranges revealed

that 14 oranges were bad. If it reasonable to ensure that 20% of the oranges
are bad?
[8+8]
6. From the following data find whether there is any significant liking in the habit of
taking soft drinks among the categories of employees.
[16]
Employees
Soft drinks Clerks
Teachers Officers
Pepsi
10
25
65
Thumsup
15
30
65
Fanta
50
60
30

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7. (a) Fit a straight line y = a + bx for the following data

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 14 33 40 63 76 85

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(b) Fit a curve of the y = axb for the following data

[8+8]

x 1 2
3 4
5
y .5 .2 4.5 8 12.5

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8. (a) Calculate the correlation coefficient between the heights of fathers and their
sons

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Heights of fathers (X) 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72

Heights of sons (Y)
67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71

(b) The equations of two regression lines obtained in a correlation analysis are
3x+12y=19, 3y+9x=46 Find
i. Coefficient of correlation
ii. Mean values of x and y
iii. The ratio of the coefficient of variability of x to that of y
?????

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Set No. 3

Code No: V0121/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
( Common to Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical
Engineering, Mechatronics, Production Engineering, Bio-Technology and
Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Two cards are selected at random from 10 cards numbered 1 to 10. Find the
probability that the sum is even if

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i. the two cards are drawn together

ii. the two cards are drawn one after the other with replacement.
(b) State and prove Bayes theorem.

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5
3
2
, 10
, 10
. The
(c) The probabilities of A,B,C to become M.DS of a factory are 10
probabilities that bonus scheme will be introduced if they become M.Ds are
.02, 03 and .04. Find the probabilities A,B,C to be become M.Ds if bonus
scheme introduced.
[5+5+6]

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2. (a) If F(x) is the distribution function of X given by

F (x) = 0
if x 1
= k(x D)4 if 1 < x 3
=1
if
x>3
determine

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i. f(x)
ii. k
iii. Mean

(b) Find the maximum n such that the probability of getting no head in tossing
a coin n times is greater than .1
[8+8]
3. (a) Seeds are packed in packets of 20. It is known that 5% do not germinate.
Determine the number of packets containing
i. atleast 2
ii. at most 2 non germinating seeds in a consignment of 1000 packets.
(b) In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular make
was normally distributed with an average life of 2040 hrs and S.D of 40hrs.
Estimate the number of bulbs likely to burn for
i. More than 2140 hrs
ii. between 1920 and 2080.

[8+8]

4. Samples of size 2 are taken from the population 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 without replacement. Find
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Set No. 3

Code No: V0121/R07

(a) mean of the population
(b) standard deviation of population
(c) the mean of sampling distribution of means

(d) standard deviation of sampling distribution of means.

[16]

5. (a) A sample of 400 items is taken from a population whose standard deviation
is 10. The mean of the sample is 40. Test whether the sample has come from
a population with mean 38. Also calculate 95% confidence interval for the
proportion.
(b) A social worker believes that greater than 25% of the couples in a certain area
are ever used any form of birth control. A random sample of 120 couples was
contacted. Twenty of them said that they have used. Test the belief if social
worker at 0.05 level.
[8+8]

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6. Four methods are under development for making discs of a super conducting material. Fifty discs are made by each method and they are checked for super conductivity
when cooled with liquid.

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1st Method 2nd Method 3rd Method 4th Method

Super Conductors
31
42
22
25
Failures
19
8
28
25

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Test the significant difference between the proportions of Superconductors at .05

level.
[16]

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7. (a) Derive normal equations to fit a parabola y = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2

(b) Fit the curve y = aebx for the following data

[6+10]

x 1 5 7 9 12
y 10 15 12 15 21

8. The marks obtained by 10 students in mathematics and statistics are given below.
Find the coefficient of correlation between the two subjects and the two lines of
regression.
[16]
Marks in maths
75 30 60 80 53 35 15 40 38 48
Marks in statistics 85 45 54 91 58 63 35 43 45 44

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Set No. 4

Code No: V0121/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
( Common to Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical
Engineering, Mechatronics, Production Engineering, Bio-Technology and
Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Of the three men, the chances that a politician, a businessman or an academician will be appointed as a Vice-Chancellor (V.C.) of a University are 0.5,
0.3, 0.2 respectively. Probability that research is promoted by these persons
if they are appointed as V.C. are 0.3, 0.7, 0.8 respectively.

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i. Determine the probability that research is promoted

ii. If research is promoted, what is the probability that V.C. is an academician

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(b) There are two boxes inbox I, 11 cards are there numbered 1 to 11 and in
box-II, 5 cards numbered 1 to 5. A box is chosen and a card is drawn. If the
card shows an even number then another card is drawn from the same box. If
card shows an odd number another card is drawn from the other box. Find
the probability that

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i. both are even

ii. both are odd
iii. if both are even. What is the probability that they are from box-I. [8+8]

2. (a) If X is a 
continuous random variable with distribution.
1
x+k
if 0 x 3
6
f (x) =
0
elsewhere
determine
i. the value of k
ii. the mean
iii. P(1 x 2)
(b) Derive the formula to find the mean and variance of Binomial distribution
[8+8]
3. (a) One fifth percent of the blades produced by a blade manufacturing factory
turnout to be defective. The blades are supplied in packets of 10. Use Poisson
distribution to calculate the approximate number of packets containing.
i. No defective blade
ii. One defective blade in a consignment of 10000

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Set No. 4

Code No: V0121/R07

(b) The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine
is .500cms with standard deviation 0.005cms. The purpose of which these
washers are intended a maximum tolerance in the diameter. 0.495 to 0.503cms
otherwise the washers are considered defective. Determine the percentage
of defective washers produced by the machine, assuming the diameters are
normally distributed.
[8+8]
4. If the population is 3,6,9,15,27.
(a) List all possible samples of size 3 that can be taken without replacement from
the finite population.
(b) Calculate the mean of each of the sampling distribution of means.
(c) Find the standard deviation of sampling distribution of means.

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[5+5+6]

5. (a) In a random sample 200 claims filed against an insurance company writing
collision insurance on cars, 84 exceed Rs. 1200. Construct a 95% confidence
interval for the true proportion of claims filed?

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(b) A random sample of 10 bags of pesticides are taken whose weights are
50,49,52,44,45,48,46,45,49,45 test whether the average packing can be taken
to be 50 kgs.
[8+8]

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6. Given below is the number of male births in 1000 families having five children.
Male children 0
1
2
3
4
5
No of families 40 300 250 200 30 180

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Test whether the given data is consistent with the hypothesis that the chance of
male birth is equal to the chance of female birth.
[8+8]

7. (a) A chemical company, wishing to study the effect of extraction time on the
efficiency of an extraction operation, obtained the data shown in the following
table:
Extraction time minutes(x) 27 45 41 19 35 39 19 49 15 31
Efficiency % (y)
57 64 80 46 62 72 52 77 57 68
Fit a straight line to the given data by the method of least squares.
(b) Fit a quadratic function to the following data which gives the drying time and
the amount of additive that is intended to reduce the drying time:
[8+8]
Varnish additive
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
(x in grams)
Drying time
12.0 10.5 10.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.5 8.5 9.0
(y in hours)
8. Compute the coefficient of correlation and the two lines of regression for the
following data.
[16]
X 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Y 84 78 70 75 66 67 62 58 60

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Set No. 4

Code No: V0121/R07

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SET - 1

Code No: T0221 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
POWER SYSTEMS - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Draw the schematic diagram of thermal power station and explain its working principle
b) Explain the function of condenser

2.

a)What are the main parts of a nuclear reactor and explain their functions
b) Explain the Fast Breeder Reactor with neat diagram

3.

a) Discuss briefly various electrical distribution systems

b)Calculate the minimum consumer voltage of a dc 2 - wire distributor PQ 700m long is fed
from both ends at 230V loads of 25A, 40A, 75 A, 60 A are tapped at distances of 75m,
300m, 450m,525m from the end P respectively. If the area of cross section of distributor
conductor is 1.5 cm2 and resistivity = 1.7 cm ?

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4.

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A single-phase distributor 2 km long supplies a load of 100 A at 0.8 power factor lagging at
its far end and a load of 90 A at 0.8 power factor lagging at its midpoint. Both power factors
are referred to the voltage at the far end. The impedance per km (go and return) is (0.2+ j0.3)
ohms. If the voltage at the far end is maintained at 220 V, determine the following
i) Voltage at the sending end and
ii) Phase angle between the voltages at both the ends.

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5.

a)Briefly discuss the equipments of substations

b) Explain the constructional aspects of GIS

6.

a) Show with the aid of a vector diagram, how the voltage at the receiving end of a
transmission line can be maintained constant by the use of a synchronous phase modifier
b) It is desired to correct the power factor to 0.9 by means of static capacitors connected
across each phase of a 3-phase, 400V, and 50Hz motor installation having a maximum load
of 75kVA at a power factor of 0.7.What must be the capacity of each delta connected
condenser?
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SET - 1

Code No: T0221 /R07

7.

a) Discuss the difference between load curve and load duration curve
b) Both base load station and a standby station of capacities are 20MW and 15 MW
respectively share a common load. Calculate the annual load factors and capacity factors
of each station which are having the following data.
i) Annual standby station output = 5x106kWh
ii) Annual base load station output =100x106kWh
iii) Peak load on standby station=10MW
iv) Hours of use of standby station/year = 2000 hours

8. a) Discus the various costs that go into the generation of electrical energy
b) A 100kVA transformer with a copper loss of 1.5 kW at full load and iron loss of 1.1 kW
has the operating schedule per year as following:
i) Efficiency of transformer = 90%
ii) Full load at 0.7 p.f for 2,000 hrs
iii) Half full load at 0.8 p.f for 2,000 hrs
iv) No load for the remaining hours.
Calculate the total annual electricity bill if the flat rate tariff is 50 paise/kWh.

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SET - 2

Code No: T0221 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
POWER SYSTEMS - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

Draw one line diagram of thermal power station and explain the various components

2.

a) What are the radiation hazards of nuclear power station and explain
b) Explain the Pressurized Water Reactor with neat diagram

3.

a) Contrast between overhead and underground distribution systems

b) An electric train runs between two sub stations 5 km a part maintained at voltages 550 V
and 530 V respectively and draws a constant current of 250A while in motion. The
resistances of the track for go and return path is 0.02 / km . Determine the following
i) The point along the track where minimum potential occurs
ii) The current supplied by the two substations when the trains are at the point of minimum
potential

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4.

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A single phase 1km long distributor PMQ fed at P has resistance and reactance per
conductor of 0.2 and 0.3 respectively. The voltage at far end VQ = 230V and the
current is 75A at 0.85 p.f lag. At the midpoint M of the distributor a current of 110A is
tapped at a p.f of 0.707 lag with reference to the voltage VM at the midpoint. Calculate the
following
i) Voltage at mid point
ii) Sending end voltage VP and
iii) Phase angle between VP and VQ

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5.

a) Explain the single bus bar arrangement and list out its merits as well as demerits
b) What are the different types of GIS and explain any one type

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SET - 2

Code No: T0221 /R07

6.

a)Why voltage control is required in power systems? Mention the different methods of
voltage control employed in power system.
b) A star connected 500 H.P, 3000 V, 50Hz motor works at a power factor of 0.707 lagging.
A bank of mesh connected condensers is used to raise the power factor to 0.95 lagging. Find
the capacitance of each unit and total number of units required, if each is rated 600 V, 50
Hz. The motor efficiency is 90%.

7.

a) Explain the significance of load duration curve and load factor

b) A power system supplies as per the following schedule
Type of load
Maximum demand Diversity of group
(kW)
Domestic
1000
1.3
Commercial
3000
1.0
Industrial
9000
1.35

Demand factor

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0.75
0.85
1.0

Calculate i) the maximum demand and ii) connected load of each type, if the overall system
diversity factor is 1.3.
8.

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a) What is a tariff? Discuss and compare various tariffs used in practice

b) A factory requires 6 x105 kWh per month with a maximum demand of 1.5 MW. Find the
annual cost of energy and overall cost per unit for the following cases
i) If supplied from an electric utility at the rate of Rs. 120 per kW of maximum demand plus
5 paise per unit
ii) If supplied from a private generating set costs Rs. 650 per kW and having running cost of
8 paise per unit. Interest and depreciation 16% for the private set. Comment on the
results.

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SET - 3

Code No: T0221 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
POWER SYSTEMS - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Describe the various types of cooling towers

b) What are the classification of boilers and explain the water tube boiler

2.

a) Draw the schematic diagram of nuclear power station and explain its working principle
b) Discuss the nuclear chain reaction

3.

a) What are the requirements and design features of distribution systems

b) A dc two wire distributors are fed at F1 and F2 at 220 V and 225 V respectively. The total
length of the distributor is 250 m. The loads tapped off from fed end F1 are
Load in ampere
:
15
30
20
40
Distance in metre
:
40
100
150
200
The resistance per km of one conductor is 0.4 . Determine the current in various sections
of the distributor and the voltage at the point of minimum potential.

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4.

A single-phase distributor has loop resistance of 0.2 and a reactance of 0.3 . The far end
of the distributor has a load current of 120A and a power factor 0.707 lagging at 220 V. The
midpoint Q of the distributor has a load current of 40 A at power factor 0.8 lagging with
reference to voltage Q. Determine the sending end voltage and power.

5.

a) Explain the single bus bar system with sectionalization and list out their merits and
demerits
b) What are the merits of gas insulated substations?

6.

a) What are the causes of low power factor

b) A 3-phase induction motor delivers a load of 450HP at an efficiency of 92% with 0.85 p.f
lag. A synchronous motor with a power consumption of 100 kW is connected in parallel
with the induction motor. What will be the kVA rating and the operating p.f of the
synchronous motor when the overall p.f of combined system is unity?

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SET - 3

Code No: T0221 /R07

7.

a) Explain the significance of load factor and diversity factor

b) A power station supplied energy to two substations P and Q, four feeders take off from
each of the sub-stations, the maximum demand are as follows:
Power Station = 12MW Feeders on substation P: 1,3,6,2 MW
Substation P = 8MW
Feeders on substation Q: 2,5,3,1 MW
Substation Q = 10MW
Determine the diversity factors between i) substations, ii) feeders on substation P and
iii) Feeders on substation Q.

8.

a) What is two part tariff? Compare it with p.f tariff

b)A power station has a maximum demand of 15 MW. Find the cost per units generated
from the following data: Annual load factor =45%, capital cost =Rs.13,00,000/-, annual cost
of fuel and oil = Rs. 7,50,000, taxes, wages and salaries = Rs. 6,00,000, Interest and
depreciation = 12%.

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SET - 4

Code No: T0221 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
POWER SYSTEMS - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Explain the function of super heater with neat diagram

b) Describe the various types of steam turbines used in thermal power stations

2.

a) Draw the schematic diagram of gas power station and explain its working principle
b) Discuss the principle of operation of nuclear reactor

3.

a) What are the advantages of feeding a distributor at both ends

b) A 2- wire DC distributor PQ is 1.5 km long and supplies loads of 50A, 100A, 750A, 25A
situated 400 m, 750m, 1200m and 1500 m from the feeding point P. Each conductor has a
resistance of 0.025 / km . If a supply voltage 220V is maintained at point P, determined the
voltage at each load point?

4.

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A single-phase ring distributor PQR is fed at P. The loads at Q and R are 40A and 60A both
at power factor of 0.8 lagging both expressed relative to voltage at P. The total impedance of
the three sections PQ, QR and RP are (3+j1), (2+j4) and (3+j6) ohms respectively. Find the
current in each section with respect to the supply voltage at P.

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5.

a) What are the merits and demerits of indoor substations over outdoor substations?
b) Draw the single line diagram of GIS and explain its operation

6.

a) Describe off load and on load tap changing transformers.

b) An industry requires a steady load of 3 MW at a p.f. of 0.7 lagging and pays Rs. 120 per
annum per kVA of maximum demand. If the phase advancing equipment costs Rs. 220 per
kVAr, calculate the capacity of the phase advancing equipment required for minimum
overall annual expenditure. Assume interest and depreciation charge on phase advancing
equipment is 12% , what is the new p.f. of the supply.
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SET - 4

Code No: T0221 /R07

7.

a) Explain the importance of load duration and integrated load duration curves
b) The load shared by a base load station of capacity 20 MW and standby power station of
Capacity 25 MW as follows
Annual standby station output
= 8.0 106 kWh
Annual base load station output
= 110 106 kWh
Peak load on the standby station
= 15 MW
Hours of use of standby station during the year
= 2200 hours.
Calculate i) annual load factor, ii) use factor and iii) capacity factor of each power station.

8.

a) What are the desirable characteristics of a tariff methods

b) A generating station annual working cost is represented by the formula Rs. (a +b kW+c
kWh) where the various terms have their usual meaning. Calculate the values of a, b and c
for a 75MW station operating at annual load factor of 60% from the following data:
i)
Capital cost of building and equipment = Rs. 6x106
ii)
The annual cost of fuel, oil, taxation & wages of operating staff = Rs 8, 00,000
iii)
The annual interest & depreciation on building & equipment = 12%
iv)
Annual cost of organization and interest on the cost of site, etc = Rs 4, 50,000

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Set No. 1

Code No: V0421/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering , Electronics &
Telematics , Bio Medical Engineering , Electronics & Control Engineering ,
Electronics & Computer Engineering , Instrumentation & Control
Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Prove that an RC circuit behaves as a reasonably good integrator if RC > 15T,
Where T is the period of an input Em sin t.

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(b) What is the ratio of the rise time of the three sections in cascade to the rise
time of Single section of low pass RC circuit.
[8+8]

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2. (a) Explain the response of the clamping circuit when a square wave input is
applied under steady state conditions.
(b) Explain the effect of diode characteristics on clamping voltage.

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[8+8]

3. (a) Sketch neatly the waveforms of current & voltages for a transistor switch with
capacitance loading circuit.
(b) What are catching diodes?

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[12+4]

4. (a) Explain the role of commutating capacitors in bistable multivibrator circuits.

(b) Design a collector coupled bistable multivibrator using transistors having following parameters. hF E(min) = 50, IC(sat) = 5 A, VCE(sat) = 0v, VBEcutof f =
-0.5v and VBE(sat) = 0.6v. Assume VCC = 10v.
[4+12]

5. (a) What is a Linear time base generator? Give its Applications

(b) Write the differences between the voltage and current time base generators?
(c) Why the time base generators are called sweep circuits?

[6+6+4]

6. (a) What do you mean by synchronization ?

(b) What is the condition to be met for pulse synchronization?
(c) Compare sine wave synchronization with pulse synchronization?

[4+6+6]

7. (a) Draw and explain the unidirectional diode sampling gate for more that one
input signal and also explain how to overcome the loading effect on control
signal?
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of unidirectional diode sampling
gate?
[10+6]
8. (a) What are the basic logic gates which perform almost all the operations in
Digital communication systems.
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(b) Give some applications of logic gates.
(c) Define a positive and negative logic systems.

(d) Draw a pulse train representing a 11010111 in a synchronous positive logic

digital system.
[4+4+4+4]
?????

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Set No. 2

Code No: V0421/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering , Electronics &
Telematics , Bio Medical Engineering , Electronics & Control Engineering ,
Electronics & Computer Engineering , Instrumentation & Control
Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) In a RC low pass circuit R =1K and C=1 micro farad. A square wave with
half period of 10micro sec. is applied as input to this circuit. Determine the
output wave form.

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(b) Write a short note on RC low pass circuit. Draw the output if a step input is
applied.
[8+8]

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2. (a) Explain the response of the clamping circuit when a square wave input is
applied under steady state conditions.
(b) Explain the effect of diode characteristics on clamping voltage.

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3. Write Short notes on:

[8+8]

(a) Diode switching times

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(b) Switching characteristics of transistors

(c) FET as a switch.

[4+8+4]

4. Explain the method of unsymmetrical triggering of the binary with relevant circuit
diagram.
[16]
5. (a) Define the terms solpe error, displacement error, and transmission error. How
are they related for an exponential sweep circuit? Derive the relation between
them.
(b) The specifications of UJT are given as = 0.6 Vv = 2V, RBB = 5 K ohms,
Iv = 1.5 mA, Ip = 8A and VBB = 18 V. Calculate the component values of
the UJT Sweep circuit to generate an output sweep frequency of 10 kHz with
sweep amplitude of 12V.
[8+8]
6. (a) Explain the factors which influence the stability of a relaxation divider with
the help of a neat waveforms.
(b) A UJT sweep operates with Vv = 3V, Vp=16V and =0.5. A sinusoidal
synchronizing voltage of 2V peak is applied between bases and the natural
frequency of the sweep is 1kHz, over what range of sync signal frequency will
the sweep remain in 1:1 synchronism with the sync signal?
[8+8]
7. (a) What is sampling gate? Explain how it differ from Logic gates?
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(b) What is pedestal? How it effects the output of a sampling gates?

(c) What are the drawbacks of two diode sampling gate?

[6+6+4]

8. (a) What type of parameters are considered to compare the logic configuration.
(b) What is wired logic? Give some example.
(c) What is binary coded pulse train?

[6+6+4]

?????

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Set No. 3

Code No: V0421/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering , Electronics &
Telematics , Bio Medical Engineering , Electronics & Control Engineering ,
Electronics & Computer Engineering , Instrumentation & Control
Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Prove that an RC circuit behaves as a reasonably good integrator if RC > 15T,
Where T is the period of an input Em sin t.

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(b) What is the ratio of the rise time of the three sections in cascade to the rise
time of Single section of low pass RC circuit.
[8+8]

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2. (a) Give the circuits of different types of shunt clippers and explain their operation
with the help of their transfer characteristics.
(b) Draw the diode differentiator comparator circuit and explain the operation of
it when ramp input signal is applied.
[8+8]

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3. Write Short notes on:

(a) Diode switching times

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(b) Switching characteristics of transistors

(c) FET as a switch.

[4+8+4]

4. Explain the method of unsymmetrical triggering of the binary with relevant circuit
diagram.
[16]
5. (a) What is a Linear time base generator? Give its Applications
(b) Write the differences between the voltage and current time base generators?
(c) Why the time base generators are called sweep circuits?

[6+6+4]

6. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of an astable multivibrator to obtain frequency division by 5. Explain its working with waveforms.
(b) What is phase jitter? Discuss the significance of it in a frequency divider.
[8+8]
7. (a) Draw and explain the bi-directional diode sampling gate.
(b) Explain how a sampling gate is used in a chopper stabilized amplifier. [8+8]
8. (a) What are the basic logic gates which perform almost all the operations in
Digital communication systems.
(b) Give some applications of logic gates.
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Code No: V0421/R07

(c) Define a positive and negative logic systems.

(d) Draw a pulse train representing a 11010111 in a synchronous positive logic

digital system.
[4+4+4+4]
?????

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Set No. 4

Code No: V0421/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering , Electronics &
Telematics , Bio Medical Engineering , Electronics & Control Engineering ,
Electronics & Computer Engineering , Instrumentation & Control
Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Explain the response of a high pass circuit to an exponential input is applied.

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(b) Write short note on piping process.

[8+8]

2. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of slicer circuit using Zener diodes and explain its
operation with the help of its transfer characteristic.

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(b) Draw the circuit diagram of emitter coupled clipper. Draw its transfer characteristics indicating all intercepts, slopes and voltage levels derive the necessary
equations.
[8+8]

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3. Explain the following:

(a) Storage and transition times of the diode as a switch.

(b) The behaviour of the transistor switch in saturation.

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[8+8]

4. (a) What are the different types of multivibrators? Name them and sketch their
circuits.

(b) Design an astable multi for an o/p amplitude of 15V and square wave frequency
[8+8]
of 500Hz. Assume hF Emin = 50, ICsat = 5mA and VCEsat = 0.
5. (a) What is a Linear time base generator? Give its Applications
(b) Write the differences between the voltage and current time base generators?
(c) Why the time base generators are called sweep circuits?

[6+6+4]

6. (a) What is relaxation oscillator? Name some negative resistance devices used as
relaxation oscillators and give its applications.
(b) With the help of a circuit diagram and waveforms, explain the frequency
division by an astable multivibrator?
[8+8]
7. (a) Draw and explain a sampling diode whose response is not sensitive to the
upper level of the control voltage.
(b) Draw and explain a unidirectional gate which delivers an output only at a
coincidence of a number of control voltages.
[8+8]
8. (a) With the help of circuit diagram explain the purpose of clamping diode in a
positive diode AND gate.
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Set No. 4

Code No: V0421/R07

(b) Explain the effect of and diode capacitance on the output pulse of diode AND
gate.
[8+8]
?????

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SET - 1

Code No: V0521 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
(Com to CSE, IT, CSS)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) How do you define software engineering? Give the layered architecture of SE?
b) What is software process? Give the common process framework? Explain about frame
work activity.

2.

a) Describe concurrent development mode.

b) Provide three examples for fourth generation techniques.

3.

Describe the following models

a) Behavioural models.
b) Data models

4.

a) What are the generic guidelines that leads to a good design?

b) What is the need for dividing software into several modules?

5.

a) What steps do we perform to accomplish interface design? Explain.

b) What are different models in user interface design? Explain.

6.

a) Give the guidelines to a successful testing strategy.

b) Describe unit testing. What errors are commonly found during unit testing?

7.

How do we assess the consequences of risks? What strategy for dealing with risk is
developed? How is risk mitigated and monitored?

8.

a) What is quality? What is software quality control?

b) What steps are required to perform statistical SQA?

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SET - 2

Code No: V0521 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
(Com to CSE, IT, CSS)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Discuss about common maturity model. What are the levels defined by SEI (Software
Engineering Institute) for global effectiveness of a company?
b) Mention the myths related to management?

2.

a) Describe Incremental model with a neat diagram.

b) How are functional and non functional requirements identified? Give examples.

3.

a) What are the steps in requirement elicitation?

b) Describe briefly about content models.

4.

Describe the different architectural designs with examples.

5.

a) What are the design issues of a user interface design?

b) Discuss in detail, about the user interface design process.

6.

a)What are the testing principles that guide software testing?

b) Define testability. What are the characteristics that lead to testable software?

7.

a) Define the components of risk.

b) How do we assess the consequences of risks?

8.

a) What are the components in finding the cost of quality?

b) Write the tasks associated in software quality assurance.

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SET - 3

Code No: V0521 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
(Com to CSE, IT, CSS)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Explain the layered structure of software engineering.

b) What are different phases and related steps in generic view of software engineering?

2.

a) Describe about Spiral Model with a neat diagram. What are its benefits over other
classical process model?
b) How is software requirements document prepared? Give examples.

3.

a) Define quality function deployment. Explain its role in translating the needs of
customer in to technical requirements for software?
b) What are the primary requirements of validation mechanism? Explain.

4.

a) What is the difference between cardinality and modularity?

b) What steps are required to build an ER diagram? Explain.

5.

Write in detail the object oriented design process.

6.

a) How are function based metrics evaluated? What are the metrics that are defined to
provide an indication of cohesiveness of a module?
b) What are the metrics for software source code?

7.

a) Elaborate the acronym FURPS. Define the attributes.

b) What product specific risks? How are they identified?

8.

Discuss the following:

i) SQA activities
ii) Measures of software reliability and availability
iii) ISO 9000 quality standards.

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SET - 4

Code No: V0521 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
(Com to CSE, IT, CSS)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Software is engineered, not manufactured, Justify your answer, what characteristics of

software?
b) Draw the framework for software process. Describe the different framework activities
in software process.

2.

How are the following requirements of a system identified?

i) System requirements
ii) Non functional requirements
iii) User requirements

3.

a) What are the five areas of effort in software requirements analysis?

b) Show with a diagram how requirements analysis bridges the gap between system level
requirements engineering and software design.

4.

How is dataflow model created for a Safe Home product? Illustrate the guidelines to
develop the Safe Home.

5.

a) What are steps of the system design process?

b) What is the design activities related to each of these steps? Explain in detail.

6.

a) What are the factors that affect software quality?

b) What are metrics of quality? Give the relation between quality factors and metrics.

7.

What is meant by defect amplification? How can defect amplification model be used to
illustrate the generation and detection of errors during design and coding steps?

8.

a) How are formal technical reviews carried on to assure software quality? What are the
guidelines for formal technical reviews?
b) Describe the SQA activities, what is the role of SQA group?

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Set No. 1

Code No: T1021/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) What are the different types of systematic errors present? Explain each of
them with an example?
(b) A voltmeter having a sensitivity of 1K/V is connected across an unknown
resistance in series with a milli ammeter reading 80V on 150V scale. When
the milli ammeter reads 10mA, calculate the
i. Apparent resistance of the unknown resistance
ii. Actual resistance of the unknown resistance
iii. Error due to the loading effect of the voltmeter.

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[8+8]

2. Write short notes on any THREE standards:

(a) Resistance

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(b) Voltage
(c) Capacitance

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(d) Inductance

[16]

3. (a) Write short notes on measurement reliability?

(b) What do you understand by testing, where is it performed and give the applications of testing?
[8+8]
4. (a) Explain the working principle of AC voltmeter using full wave & half wave
rectifier? What are the advantages of using full wave rectifier over half wave
rectifier while measuring AC voltage?
(b) Define the terms resolution, sensitivity and 3

1
2

display in DVM?

[8+8]

5. (a) What are the errors made in the measurement of resistance using wheatstone
bridge? What are the ways of minimizing them?
(b) Find the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance that causes a Wien
bridge to null with the following component values R1= 2K C2= 0.1 F
R2=10 K R4= 50 K and w = 20 K rad/s.
[8+8]
6. (a) What is the function of a gate control Flip-Flop in a frequency counter? Explain its operation.
(b) Explain how do you interface the seven-segment display to a counter.[2+6+8]
7. (a) Draw the circuit of active probe using FET. Explain its operation and point
out the limitations.
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Code No: T1021/R07

(b) What is meant by variable persistence?

[3+5+2+6]

8. (a) Draw the block diagram of a filter bank spectrum analyzer and explain its
operation.
(b) Write short notes on display systems.

[3+5+8]

?????

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Set No. 2

Code No: T1021/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) A voltmeter, having a sensitivity of 1000/V, reads 100V on its 150V scale
when connected across an unknown resistor in series with a milli ammeter.
When the milli ammeter reads 5mA, calculate
i. the apparent resistance of the unknown resistor
ii. the actual resistor of the unknown resistor
iii. the error due to the loading effect of the voltmeter?

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(b) Explain the following terms

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

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Deviation from the mean

Average deviation
Standard deviation
Variance

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[8+8]

2. (a) State the SI units, unit symbols and define each unit for the following
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Electric current
Resistance
Inductance
Capacitance

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(b) Explain the concept of resistance standards?

[8+8]

3. Write short notes on any of the T HREE:

(a) Testing
(b) Calibration
(c) Reliability
(d) Traceability

[16]

4. (a) For the circuit shown (figure 4a) calculate the AC and DC sensitivity?

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Code No: T1021/R07

Figure 4a
(b) Sketch a neat block diagram of microprocessor based ramp type DVM and
explain briefly?
[8+8]

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5. (a) Explain the precautions and techniques used for reducing errors in bridge
circuits.

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(b) A bridge is balanced at 1 KHz and has the following constants; AB=0.2 F
pure capacitance; BC, 500 pure resistance ;CD unknown ; DA , R=300 in
parallel with C=0.1F. Find the R and C or L constants of arm CD, consider
as a series circuit.
[8+8]

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6. (a) What is the function of a gate control Flip-Flop in a frequency counter? Explain its operation.

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(b) Explain how do you interface the seven-segment display to a counter.[2+6+8]

7. (a) Give the standard specifications of horizontal amplifier used in a single beam
CRO

(b) Explain the spot wheel method for frequency measurement.

[8+8]

8. (a) With a neat sketch explain the operation of a strip chart recorder.
(b) Explain different applications of spectrum analyzer.
?????

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Set No. 3

Code No: T1021/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. A set of independent measurements were made to determine the weight of a lead
shot. The weights in grams were 1.570, 1.597, 1.591, 1.562, 1.577, 1.580, 1.564,
1.586, 1.550, 1.575
Calculate

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(a) the arithmetic mean

(b) the deviation from the mean

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(c) the average deviations

(d) Standard deviation
(e) Variance

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(f) Probable error of one reading

(g) Probable error of mean

[16]

2. (a) What are the international standard of mass, length and volume and explain
each of them briefly?

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(b) Define the following terms:

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

International ohms
International amperes
Absolute units
Universal time

[8+8]

3. Write short notes on any of the T HREE:

(a) Calibration
(b) Testing
(c) Reliability
(d) Traceability

[16]

4. (a) Write short notes on extending of ammeter and voltmeter ranges?

(b) A 1mA meter movement with an internal resistance of 100 is to be converted
into a 0-100mA. Calculate the value of shunt resistance required?
[8+8]
5. (a) Explain how a Kelvins double bridge can accurately measure low resistances.
Also derive the condition for balance.
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Code No: T1021/R07

(b) In the Kelvins Bridge shown in figure 5b the ratio of Ra to Rb is 2000,R1

is 10 and R1=0.2 R2. Calculate the value of Rx .
[10+6]

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Figure 5b

6. (a) When is period measurement preferred over frequency measurement and obtain the condition ?

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(b) With a suitable block diagram explain the operation of a pre scaled frequency
counter.
[4+4+8]
7. (a) Describe the electrostatic focusing system of a CRT.

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(b) What is the minimum distance L, that will allow full deflection of 4 cm at the
oscilloscope screen with a deflection factor of 100 V/cm and with an accelerating potential of 2000 V ?
[8+8]

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8. (a) Draw the block diagram of a logic analyzer and explain its operation.
(b) Explain the different applications of spectrum analyzer.

?????

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Set No. 4

Code No: T1021/R07

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Ratings of two resistors are as shown below
R1 = 36 5%
R2 = 75 5% Calculate
i. magnitude of error in each case
ii. the limiting error in ohms and in percent when resistor are connected in
series and
iii. the limiting error in ohms and in percent when the resistor are connected
in parallel

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(b) Define limiting errors. Derive the expression for relative limiting error? [8+8]
2. (a) State the SI units, unit symbols and define each unit for the following
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Electric current
Resistance
Inductance
Capacitance

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(b) Explain the concept of resistance standards?

[8+8]

3. (a) What do you understand by instrument calibration chain?

(b) Write short notes on testing?

[8+8]

4. (a) Write short notes on AC voltmeter using full wave & half wave rectifier?
Compare the advantages of using full wave rectifier over half wave rectifier
while measuring AC voltage?
(b) Explain the terms resolution, sensitivity and 3 12 display in DVM?

[12+4]

5. (a) Explain how a Kelvins double bridge can accurately measure low resistances.
Also derive the condition for balance.
(b) In the Kelvins Bridge shown in figure 5b the ratio of Ra to Rb is 2000,R1
is 10 and R1=0.2 R2. Calculate the value of Rx .
[10+6]

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Code No: T1021/R07

Figure 5b
6. (a) What is the function of a gate control Flip-Flop in a frequency counter? Explain its operation.

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(b) Explain how do you interface the seven-segment display to a counter.[2+6+8]

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7. Explain the function of each of the following CRO controls

(a) Z- axis modulation
(b) Delayed sweep

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(c) Intensity
(d) Focus

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[6+6+2+2]

8. (a) List the important functions of galvanometer recorders.

(b) Explain common anode seven segment display.

?????

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SET - 1

Code No: T2121 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MATHEMATICS FOR AEROSPACE ENGINEERS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

x m1 + x n 1
a) Show that ( m, n) =
dx .
m+ n
0 (1 + x )
1

1.

b) Show that cos( x sin ) = J 0 + 2( J 2 cos 2 + J 4 cos 4 + )

2.

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a) Define analytic function. Prove that the real and imaginary parts of an analytic function
are Harmonic.

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x (i + i ) y (1 i )
at Z0 and f(0)=0 is
x2 + y2
3

b) Show that the function defined by f (Z ) =

continuous and satisfy Cauchy Riemann Equations.

3.

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2 +i

2
(2 x + iy + 10) dz along two paths x= t+1, y = 2t -1

a) Evaluate

1 i

3Z 2 + 7 Z + 1
b) If f (a) =
dz where C is Z = 2 find f(3),f(1), f1(1-i),f11 (1-i)
c
Z a
4.

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a) Find the Laurent series for f ( z ) =

z
if i) |z|<1, ii) 1<|z|<2.
( z 1)( z 2 + 4)
2

cos x
dx
2 2
(1
+
x
)
0

b) Evaluate

5.

1
find the image of the circle |z-2i|=2.
z
b) Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points (-1, 0, 1) into the points (0, i, 3i).

a) Under the transformation w =

6. a) write the following using the summation convention

i)

dy y dx 1
y dx 2
y dx n
= 1
+ 2
+ ........ + n
dx x dt
x dt
x dt

( ) ( ) ( )
2

( )

ii)
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ....... + x n
b) Prove that the covariant derivative gij of is zero
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Code No: T2121 /R07

7.

a) i) State and prove additional theorem of probability

ii) An integer is chosen at random from first 200 positive integers. What is the probability
that the Integer chosen is divisible by 6 or 8.
b) In a bolt factory machines A, B, C manufacture 20%, 30%, 50%. Of the total of their
output 6%, 3% and 2% are defective. A bolt is drawn at random and found to be
defective. What is the probability that it is manufactured by machine A?

8.

a) A pair of dice is rolled 180 times. Determine the probability that a total 7 occurs
i) At least 25 times
ii) Exactly 35 and 40 times inclusive
b) Write the properties of normal distribution. Prove that area under normal curve is Unity.

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Code No: T2121 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MATHEMATICS FOR AEROSPACE ENGINEERS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Evaluate 2 sin 2 cos 2 d =

0
2
b) Prove that P1
(x ) P1n 1 (x ) = (2n + 1) P1n + 1 (x )
n + 1

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c) Express x5 in terms of Legendre polynomials

2.

a) Define analytic function and entire function. State and prove Cauchy-Riemann equations
in Polar form
b) Show that the function u(x,y)= ex cos y is harmonic. Determine its harmonic conjugate
u(x, y) and the analytic function f(Z)= u+iv

3.

a) Verify cauchys theorem for the function f(Z) = 3Z2 + iZ 4 if C is the perimeter of the
square with vertices 1i, -1i
b) Find the kind of singularity of the following functions
1
2
z2 + 4
1
1

ii) Z
i) tan at z=0
iii) (z+2) sin
iv) ze z
z
(z 3)
e

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4.

5.

2Z 2 + 1
a) Find the Taylors expansion of f(z)= 2
about the point Z=i.
Z +Z
2
sin 2
b) Evaluate
d
0 5 4 cos
a) Find the graph of the region /2<x< /2, 1<y<2 under the mapping w=Sin z.
b) Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points (-i, 0, i) into the points (-1, i, 1)
respectively.

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Code No: T2121 /R07

6. a) write the following using the summation convention

i)
ii)

dy y dx 1
y dx 2
y dx n
= 1
+ 2
+ ........ + n
dx x dt
x dt
x dt

(x ) + (x ) + (x )
1 2

2 2

b) Show that

7.

8.

3 2

( )

+ ....... + x n

p
q

is not a tensor even though AP is a covariant tensor of rank one.

X
a) i) State and prove additional theorem of probability
ii) An integer is chosen at random from first 200 positive integers. What is the probability
that the Integer chosen is divisible by 6 or 8.
b) In a bolt factory machines A,B,C manufacture 20%, 30%, 50%. Of the total of their
output 6%, 3% and 2% are defective. A bolt is drawn at random and found to be
defective. What is the probability that it is manufactured by machine A?

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a) Suppose a continuous random variable x has the probability density

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i) Find k
ii) Mean
iii) variance
b) The marks obtained in mathematics by 1000 students is normally distributed with mean
78 and standard deviation 11. Determine
i) How many students got marks above 90
ii) What was the highest mark obtained by the lowest 10% of students?

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Code No: T2121 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MATHEMATICS FOR AEROSPACE ENGINEERS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

2.

p
q
a) Define beta and gamma functions and evaluate 2 sin cos d
0
n
b) Prove that J n ( x ) J n1 ( x ) = J n +1 ( x )
x
5
c) Express x in terms of Legendre polyonomials

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a) If f(z) is analytic function with constant modulus show that f(Z) is constant.
b) Show that the function

f ( z) =

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xy is not regular at the origin, although Cauchy-

Riemann equations are satisfied.

2
c) Evaluate c 3Z 2 + Z dz where c is the circle Z 1 = 1
Z 1
3.

4.

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a) Integrate f(z)= x2+ixy from A(1,1) to B(2,8) along

i) The straight line AB
ii) The curve C: x=t, y=t3
b) Evaluate c 2 Z + 1
dZ where C is the circle Z + 1 + i = 2
Z + 2Z + 4

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a). Obtain the Taylors or Laurents series which represents the function
When

i) Z < 1

b) Evaluate

5.

ii) 1 < Z < 2

1
Z + 1 (Z + 2 )

iii) Z < 2

sin 2
d
a + b cos

a) Plot the image of 1 < Z < 2 under the transformation w=2iZ+1

b) Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points (2, i, -2) into the points (1, i, -1).
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Code No: T2121 /R07

6.

a) A covariant tensor has components x+y,xy, 2z-y2 in rectangular co-ordinates. Find its
covariant components in i) Cylindrical
ii) Spherical co-ordinates.
A
p
b) Shoe that
is not a tensor even though Ap is a covariant tensor of rank one.
q
X

7.

a) A class has 10 boys and 5 girls. Three students are selected at a random, one after the
other. Then find the probability that
i) First two are boys and third is girl
ii) First and third boys and second is girl
iii) First and third of same sex and the second is of opposite sex
b) State and prove Bayes theorem

8.

a) Prove that Poisson distribution is limiting case of binomial distribution.

b) Determine the minimum marks a student must get in order to receive an A grade if the top
10% of the students are awarded A grades in an examination where the mean mark is 72
and standard deviation is 9.

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Code No: T2121 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MATHEMATICS FOR AEROSPACE ENGINEERS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

x m1 + x n 1
a) Show that ( m, n) =
dx .
m+ n
0 (1 + x )
1

1.

b) xJ 02 ( x ) dx = 12 [ J 02 ( x ) + J 12 ( x )] + c where c is constant
2.

3.

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a) Define analytic function. Prove that the real and imaginary parts of an analytic
function are Harmonic.
sin 2 x
b) Find f ( z ) = u + iv given that u + v =
.
cosh 2 y cos 2 x
a) Evaluate

(z

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+ 3z + 2)dz where C is the arc of the cycloid x = a( + sin ) ,

y = a (1 cos ) between the points (0, 0) and ( a, 2a).

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3 z

b)Evaluate

ze

( z 1) dz
3

4.

a) Find the Laurent series for f ( z ) =

b)

5.

where C is |z-1|=1/2 using Cauchys integral formula.

d
a + b cos

z
if (i) |z|<1 (ii) 1<|z|<2.
( z 1)( z 2 + 4)
2

, where a > b

1
find the image of the circle |z-2i|=2.
z
b) Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points(,I,0) into the points (0, i, ).

a) Under the transformation w =

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Code No: T2121 /R07

6.

a) write the following using the summation convention

i)

dy y dx 1
y dx 2
y dx n
=
+ 2
+ ........ + n
dx x 1 dt
x dt
x dt

ii)

(x ) + (x ) + (x )
1 2

2 2

3 2

( )

+ ....... + x n

b) Prove that the covariant derivative of gij is zero

7.

a) A and B throw alternatively with a pair of dice. a wins if he throws a sum of six points
before B throws a sum of seven points, while B wins if he throws a sum of seven points
before A throws a sum of six points. If A begins the game, show that his probability of

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winning is 30/61.

b)Suppose 5 men out of 100 and 25 women out of 10000 are color blind. Color blind person

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is chosen at random .What is the probability of the person being a male. (assume male and
female to be in equal numbers)

8.

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a) If X is a discrete random variable

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i) Prove that

ii)Prove that

b) Fit a Poisson distributation to the following data

Xi 0
fi

30 62 46 10 2

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Code No: T2321/R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Methane diffuses at steady state through a tube containing helium. At point 1, the partial
pressure of methane is pA1 = 55 Kpa and point 2, 0.03 m apart pA2 =15 K pa and temperature
is 298 K. At this pressure and temperature, the value of diffusivity is 6.7510-5 m2/s
i) Calculate the flux of CH4 at steady state for equimolar counter diffusion.
ii) Calculate the partial pressure at 0.02 m apart from point 1.
(10M)
b) Write short notes on permeability
(6M)

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2. a) Mass transfer is occurring from a sphere of naphthalene having radius of 10mm. the sphere
is in a large volume of still air at 52.60C and 1 atm abs pressure. The vapor pressure of
naphthalene at 52.60C is 1.0 mm. the diffusivity of naphthalene in air at 0 0C is 5.1610-6 m2
/sec. Calculate the rate of evaporation of naphthalene from the surface in kg mol/s.m2. (10M)
b) Explain briefly analogy between momentum transfer and mass transfer
(6M)
3.

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a) Make a sketch to show typical concentration profiles of the solute during mass transfer
across an interface. Qualitatively explain the concentration profiles.
(8M)
b) Write short notes on equilibrium
(8M)

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4. A coal gas is freed of its light oil content (benzene) by absorption into absorbent oil. The inlet
gas contains 2% benzene by volume and 95% removal is required. Inlet gas flow
rate=0.25cu.m/s; Pressure =1.07x105N/sq.m; Temperature = 260C; Oil inlet flow rate
(Ls) =1.787x10-3 k mol/s; Solute content of inlet oil=0.005 mole fraction benzene; Average
molecular weight of oil = 260. Equilibrium data Y=0.125x (mole fraction units). Determine
the number of trays required graphically
(16M)

5.

a) An ethanol-water mixture containing 36% by weight of ethanol is differentially

distilled at 1 atm. Pressure and the mixture is reduced to a maximum ethanol concentration of
6 mole %. Determine the quantity and composition of the distillate. Molecular weight of
ethanol = 46. The VLE data are:
Mole frac.of Ethanol
0.18 0.16
0.14 0.12 0.10
0.08
0.06 in Liquid(x)
Mole frac. of Ethanol 0.517 0.502 0.485 0.464 0.438 0.405 0.353 in Vapour(y)
(12M)
b) Write short notes on applications of distillation
(4M)
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Code No: T2321 /R07

6.

7.

a) What are the important characteristics of a good solvent in liquid-liquid extraction?

b) What is the difference between a type I and type II ternary system? Can a system
transition from one type to the other by changing the temperature? Why?

(8M)
(8M)

a) Discuss the properties of a good adsorbent.

(6M)
b) Raw sugar solution containing 48% by weight is colored by impurities.The impurities are to
the removed by activated carbon in a contact filtration Unit. The equilibrium data are as
follows:
Kg carbon /g of dry 0
0.005
0.01
0.015 0.02
0.03
Sugar
% color removed
0
47
70
83
90
95
The original solution has a color concentration of 20% and it has to be reduced to 2%.
Calculate the amount of carbon required to treat 500kg of solution in a single stage operation.
(10M)

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8.

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a) Write short notes on application of dialysis process for kidney failure cases.
b) What are pressure driven membrane process and explain briefly.

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SET - 2

Code No: T2321 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Give two examples for equimolar counter diffusion in a gaseous system.

(4M)
5
2
0
b) In an oxygen nitrogen gas mixture at 1.1457510 N/m and 35 C, the concentration of
oxygen, at two planes 5 mm apart are 20% and 30% by volume respectively. Calculate the
amount of oxygen diffused in 3 hrs when equimolar counter diffusion takes place. The
diffusivity is 0.18510-4 m2/s.
(8M)
c) Write various methods for the experimental estimation gases diffusivity
(4M)

2.

a) A sphere of naphthalene having a radius of 2 mm is suspended in a large volume of

still air at 318K and 1.01105 Pa, the surface temperature of the naphthalene can be assumed
to be 318 K and its vapor pressure at 318K is 0.555 mmHg, the DAB of naphthalene at 318 K
is 6.9210-6 m2 /sec. Calculate the rate of evaporation of naphthalene from the surface. (10M)
b) Explain the basic difference between the mass transfer coefficients ky and ky with the help
of their units
(6M)

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3.

a) The solubility of A in water is 0.5 k mol/m3 at a partial pressure of 60 mm Hg. If the total
pressure is 1.2 atm and the Henrys law is applicable, calculate the Henrys law constant
(6M)
b) What are parameters which will affect the equilibrium diagram
(6M)
c) What is Marnogine effect?
(4M)

4.

The absorption oil loaded with 4% CS2 is to be subjected to steam stripping in a tray tower.
The pressure in the column is 1.12 bars and the temperature is 105C. The steam is
essentially pure. Vapour pressure of CS2 at this temperature is 4.7373 bars. Calculate the
number of ideal trays required if the stripped oil leaving the bottom of the tower does not
have more than 50 ppm of CS2. The steam rate used 1.3 times the minimum. The Raoults
law is applicable. Note that the bottom liquid has a very low concentration of the solute and
graphical construction may be difficult in this low concentration region.
(16M)

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Code No: T2321 /R07

5.

a) A liquid mixture of 50 mole % n-heptane and n-octane were subjected to differential

distillation at atmospheric pressure with 70 mole % of the liquid distilled. Compute the
composition of the composite distillate and the residue.
(8M)
X
1.00
0.50
0.46
0.42
0.38
0.34
0.32
0.00
Y
1.00
0.689
0.648
0.608 0.567
0.523
0.497
0.00
b) What is the relative volatility? How is it computed for ideal systems?

(8M)

6.

a)What do you understand by constant underflow conditions in leaching? Draw the

corresponding equilibrium diagram and show the tie lines.
(10M)
b) Write short notes on effect of temperature in leaching operation
(6M)

7.

a) The equilibrium adsorption of acetone vapour on activated carbon at 300C is given

by gm adsorbed/ gm carbon 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.35
partial pressure of
0
2.0
12.0
42.0
92.0
acetone, mm Hg
A liter flask contains air and acetone vapour at 1 atm. and 300C with partial pressure of
acetone 100mm Hg. Two grams of fresh activated carbon is introduced into the flask and it is
sealed. Compute the final vapour concentration at 300C and pressure inside the flask. Neglect
the absorption of air.
(10M)
b) Distinguish between thermal swing and pressure swing adsorption
(6M)

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a) Write the advantages of membrane processes over the conventional processes.

b) Explain briefly hollow fibre modules with neat sketch.

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Code No: T2321 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) The solute HCl is diffusing through a thin film of water 2 mm thick at 283 K. The
concentration of HCl at point 1 at one boundary of the film is 12 wt % HCl (density =
1060.7 kg/m3 ) and at the other boundary at point 2 it is 6 wt % HCl (density = 1030.3
kg/m3). The diffusion coefficient of the HCl in water is 2.510 -9 m2 /sec. assuming steady
state and one boundary impermeable to water, calculate the flux of HCl in kg mol/s.m2.(10M)
b) Write short notes on Stefans experiment
(6M)

2.

a) Discuss the important and applications of mass transfer analogies.

(8M)
b) A plate, 0.5m square, coated with a layer of benzoic acid, is placed in a stream of
water flowing at a velocity of 0.25m/sec at a temperature of 21c. Calculate the average rate
of dissolution of the acid per unit area of the plate and also the mass transfer. The following
data are available: solubility of benzoic acid in water at 25C =3.01 kg /m3; diffusivity of
benzoic acid in water =10-9 m2 /s and velocity of water at 25C=8.910-4 kg/m.s.
(8M)

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3.

a) Write short note on Two- resistance theory

(6M)
b) At certain level in the wetted wall column the ammonia concentration in gas and liquid
phases 0.6 and 0.35 by mole fractions. Equilibrium relation is y=0.58x, ky=2 and 65%
controlled by gas phase resistance. Find the interfacial concentrations?
(10M)

4.

a) The equilibrium line for a gas-liquid system is given by Y = 2.5X. Fresh liquid enters the
top of a counter-current tray tower and the gas leaves at a concentration, Y2 = 0.001. The
overall gas-phase driving force is Y = 0.004 at a section where the bulk gas concentration is
Y = 0.035. What is the overall liquid-phase driving force (X) at a section where the bulk gas
concentration is Y = 0.04
(8M)
b) Write short notes on applications of absorption
(8M)

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Code No: T2321 /R07

5.

Pertinent data on binary system heptane- ethyl benzene are as follows.

X
Y

0
0

0.08 0.185
0.233 0.428

0.25
0.514

0.335
0.608

0.487
0.729

0.651
0.834

0.788
0.904

0.914
0.963

A feed containing 42 mole% heptane (H) and 58 mole % ethyl benzene is to be fractioned at
760 mm Hg to produce a distillate containing 97% mole % heptane and a residue containing
99 mole % ethyl benzene.
a) Determine the minimum number of equilibrium stages.
b) Using a reflux ratio equal to 2.5 times minimum reflux ratio, determine the number of
equilibrium stages needed for a liquid feed at it boiling point.
(16M)
6.

7.

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a) Why are triangular diagrams useful for liquid-liquid equilibrium calculations with a
ternary system? On such a diagram, what are the miscibility boundary, plait point, and tie
lines?
(6M)
b) Explain briefly solutropic system
(4M)
c) Write the procedure for estimation of number of stages if liquid-liquid extraction is carried
out in cross current operation
(6M)

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Experiments on decolourization of oil yielded the following equilibrium

relationship:
y = 0.5 x0.5
where
y = gm of colour removed / gm of adsorbent
x = colour in oil, (gm of colour)/(1000 gm of colour free oil)
100 kg oil containing 1 part of colour to 3 parts of oil is agitated with 25 kg of the adsorbent.
Calculate the % of colour removed if
i) all 25kg adsorbent is used in one step
ii) 12.5 kg adsorbent is used initially, followed by another 12.5 kg of adsorbent
(16M)

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8.

What is the different flow patterns employed in continuous dialysers. Explain with
the help of a neat sketch.

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Code No: T2321 /R07

II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours

Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1.

a) Explain molecular diffusion of biological solutes in liquid

(8M)
b) Oxygen (A) is diffusing through carbon monoxide (B) under steady state conditions, with
the carbon monoxide non-diffusing and the total pressure is 1105N/m2 and the temperature
is 00C.The partial pressure of oxygen at two planes 2 mm apart is, respectively, 13,000 and
6,500 N/m2.The diffusivity for the mixtures is 1.8710-5 m2/s. Calculate the rate of diffusion
of oxygen in k mol/s through each square meter of two planes.
(8M)

2.

Ammonia (A) is being absorbed in water from a mixture with Nitrogen (B). The partial
pressure of the solute in the bulk gas is 40 mm Hg and that at the gas-liquid interface is
negligibly small. Diffusion occurs through a stagnant film of thickness 1 mm. The total
pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 25oC. Diffusivity of NH3 in N2 is 0.23 cm2/s.
Calculate the absorption flux of NH3 as well as the mass transfer coefficient kG, ky, kc, kY, FG.
(16M)
a) In a wetted-wall tower, H2S is being absorbed from air into water at 1.6 bar total pressure
and 250c. The gas-phase mass transfer coefficient is predicted to be kc=3.42 mol/(h)
(m2)(C,kmol/m3). At a given point in the column, the mole fraction of H2S in the liquid at
the gas-liquid interface is 1.8x10-5 and that in the bulk gas is 0.15. The solubility of H2S in
water at the given temperature is 0.00337 mass fraction per atmosphere pressure of the gas.
Calculate the local flux.
(10M)
b) What do you mean by Gas phase controlled and liquid phase controlled mass transfer
(6M)

3.

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4.

In a petrochemical plant, a gas containing 4% cyclo-hexane and 96 % inert has to be treated

with a non-volatile absorption oil in a tower. It is required to remove 98% of the cyclohexane of the feed gas. The feed solvent is free from cyclo-hexane. If the feed gas rate is 80
kmol per hour. Calculate the minimum solvent rate and the number of stages if 1.5 times
0. 2 X
minimum solvent is used. The equilibrium relation is given as Y =
(16M)
1 + 0. 8 X

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Code No: T2321 /R07

5.

An equimolar mixture of A and B is to be prepared in a tray tower. A top product having 95

mol% A is acceptable. However, a very pure bottom product having not more than 0.1 mol %
A is required. The feed is liquid at its bubble point. A reflux ratio of 2.0 is suggested. The
relative volatility of A with respect to B is AB = 2.2. Determine the number of ideal stages.
(16M)

6.

a) Explain the effect of temperature on ternary equilibria.

b) Derive the equations for continuous counter current extractions operation.

7.

a) Discuss about integral heat of adsorption.

(4M)
b) Differentiate between adsorbent and adsorbate?
(4M)
c) An aqueous solution colored by small amount of impurities which can he removed by
adsorption on carbon .A series of laboratory tests yield the equilibrium data represented
by the equation. y= 8.91*10-5 x1.66, where y = equilibrium color units/kg solution and x is
units of color adsorbed/kg carbon. It is desired to reduce the color of the solution from
9.6 units to10% of the value. Determine the quantity of fresh carbon required per 1000kg
of solution for a single stage operation.
(8M)

(6M)
(10M)

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8.

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W
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a) Write the working principle of Ultra filtration. Explain commercial application of ultra
filtration.
(10M)
b) Explain briefly the mass transfer mechanism for gas separation in porous membranes (6M)

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