1.

Explain the various automated systems for transfer of materials

in the production plant? Illustrate your answer by considering
an example of an automobile showroom.

Basically, automation system comes to reduce labor power and time in the production.
Here we can see the evolution systems with some examples. The goods requited by
society were produces in small quantities by craftsman who would know the need of the
community and produced them by their own hands with simple tools. The apprentices or
by another craftsman, who would make them to meet the requests made.
The parts and components used to make these machines had to be replaced when they
wore making parts so that interchangeability was achieved made setting up standards
and specifications important for meeting

The craftsmen gave way to engineers, workers, superiors and inspectors. Division of
labor became necessary to achieve efficiencies and the jabs that became specialized.
Competition has necessitated improved quality, reduced sates and better services to the
customer.

Automation systems cost huge sums of money and therefore a deep analysis of the
various factors has to be done. For services, automation usually means labor saving
devices in education, long distance learning technology helps in supplementing class
room instruction. The facilitating goods that are used are web site and videos.

Automation in the banking sector has resulted in ATMs which same the banks a huge
amount customer satisfaction. Automation is ideas when the service provided or the
product manufactured is highly standardized.

Some extent of automation can be designed even with customization i. e. product or

service a meant to produce or deliver low volume specific to a requirement. The
advantages of automation is it has low variability and will be more consistent on a
repetitive basis

The machines have sensing and control devices that enable them to operate automobile.
The simplest of them called machine attachments replace human effort. They guide,
locate, move and achieve revise position by means of came, optical sensing. Load
sensing mechanisms and activate the controls to remove human intention.

Robots are higher in the order of automation as they perform a variety of tasks. They
are designed to move movements according to programmers written into the computer
that inside them.

With the help of automation, inspection of component can be done 100% ensures
highest quality identification and movement of materials are helped by bar codes which
are read and fed into the system far monitoring quantity, location, movement etc. They
help the automated systems to start information and provide information for effecting
any changes necessary. To make effective use of automated machines, we need to have
the movement of materials from and to different time as stores, automated, Automated
storage and Retrieval systems- ASRS- receive orders for materials from anywhere in the
production area, collect materials in the works times. Computers and information

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systems are used for placing orders for matters, give commands adjust inventory
records which show the location and quantity of materials needed.

Automated guided vehicle systems- AGVS – are pallet trucks and unit load carriers follow
embedded guide wires or paint strips to destinations as programmed.

In an automobile showroom we can see all the work automatically with latest machine.

2. State the important considerations for locating an automobile

plant? Collect information on layout planning of an automobile
plant from various sources and furnish the same.

To locate an automobile company or plant many thing should be consider. For an

automobile plant automated flaw lines, automated assembly lines, flexible manufacturing
systems, global transition rapid prototyping. Building manufacturing flexibility things are
necessity.

About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a transfer
system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are also automated,
we have an automated flow line.

Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the operations are taking place
according to standards. When these can be achieved with the help of automation and the
processes are conducted with self regulation, we will have automated flow lines
established.

In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component is manufactured using

services operations and machines it is possible to achieve this condition. We assume that
product life cycles are sufficiently stable to interest heavily on the automate flow lines to
achieve reduces cast per unit.

Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the sequence
they are designed at each station continuously. The finished item came out at the end of
the line.

In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials from station to
station and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place and system them
by perusing, riveting, & crewing or even welding. Sensors will keep track of their
activities and move the assembles to the next stage.

The machines are arranged in a sequence to perform operations according to the

technical requirements.

The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically without
the need for worker’s involvement.

The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It reduces the numbers of
systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space needed to install them.
One of the major cancers of modern manufacturing systems is to be able to respond to
market demands which have uncertainties.

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Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in small number so as to
determine the suitability of the materials, study the various methods of manufactured,
type of machinery required and develop techniques to overcome problems that may be
encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken.

Prototypes do meet the specification of the component that enters a product and
performance can be measured on these.

It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified at low
cost.

Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety, volume and
time. Their demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they become constraints
which restrict the maximization of productivity. Every business will have to meet the
market demands of its various products in variety volumes of different time.

Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make improvements in

the products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs.

Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enable organization meet global
demand. You have understood how the latest trends in manufacturing when
implemented help firms to stay a head in business.

3. Who are the players in a project management? What are the

various roles and responsibilities of the players in a project
management?

At first we will discuss about project management then we will discuss about players in
project management. Project management is the practice of controlling the use of
resources, such as cost, time manpower, hardware and software involved in a project.
That starts with a problem statement and end with delivery of a complete product.

Here we will see the participants of project management:

In the project management players individual and organizations both are involved-

That is actively involved in the project whose interests may be affected by the outcome
of the project.

Exert influence over the project and its results players or also called “stake holders’’ of
the project.

Project manager - the individual responsible for managing the project.

Customer - the individual or organization that will use the product- the end result of the
project.

Performing organization - the enterprise whose employees are mast directly involved
in doing the work of the project.

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Sponsors - the individual or group within or external to the performing organization that
funds the project.

Now, we will define the role and responsibilities of project management. Here are some
roles and responsibilities:

There are number of projects which an organization works on. It is not possible for one
individual to manage all the projects.

There is a team of managers who manage the projects.

There may be different teams working on different projects.

An experienced project manager and this team may manage more than one project at a
time.

The project team is responsible for ensuring that the project upon completion shall
deliver the gain in the business for which it is intended for.

The project team has to properly co-ordinate with each other working on
different aspects of the project.

The team members are responsible for the completion of the project as per
the plans of the project.
Characteristics of project mindset: - some of the characteristics of project mindset
are the following –

Time - it is possible to improve the pace of the project by reducing the time frame of the
process. The mindset is normally to work in a comfort made by stretching the time
limits.

Responsiveness – it refers to quickness of response of an individual. The vibrancy and

livens of an individual or an organization are proportional to its capability of evolving
process and structure for superior responsiveness time constant.

Information sharing – information is owner information is the matter key to today’s

business. Information sharing is the characteristic of the project mindset today.

Process – project mindset lays emphasis on flexible process. The major difference in a
process and a system is in its capabilities of providing flexibility to different situational
encounters. Flexible process possesses greater capabilities of adaptability.

Structured planning – structure planning based a project management life cycle

enables one to easily and conveniently work according to the plan.

4. What are the various steps in project monitoring and

controlling a project?

Any project aimed at delivering a product or service has to go through phases in a

planned manner in order to meet the requirements. It’s only by careful monitoring of the
project progress. It required establishing control factors to keep the project on the track

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of progress. The results of any stage in a project, depends on the inputs to that stage. It
is therefore necessary to control all the inputs and the corresponding outputs from a
stage. A project management may use certain standard trolls to keep the project on
track.

The project manager and the team members should be fully aware of the techniques and
methods to rectify the factors influencing delay of the project and its product. The
methodology of PERT (programmer Evolution Review Technique) and CPM (critical path
method) may be used to analyze the project. In the PERT method one car find out the
variance and use the variance to analyze the various probabilistic estimates pertaining to
the project. Using the CPM one can estimate the start time and the finish time for every
event of the project in its WBS (work Breakdown Structure).

The analysis charts can be used to monitor, control, track and execute a project. The
various steps involved in monitoring and controlling a project from start to end are as
follows-

a. Preliminary work- the team members understand the project plans, project stage
schedule, progress controls, tracking the schedules. Summary of the members have
to understand the tolerances in any change and maintain a change control log. They
must realize the need and importance of quality for which they have to follow strictly
quality agendas. They must understand the stage status reposes, stage and reports,
stage end approval reports.

b. Project progress- The members must keep a track of the project progress and
communication the same to other related members of the project. They must
monitor and control project progress, through the use of regular check points, quality
charts. Statistical tables, control the quality factors which are likely to deviate from
expected values as any deviation may result in change to the stage schedule.

c. Stage control- The manager must establish a project check paint cycle. For this
suitable stage version control procedure may be followed.

d. Resources- Plan the resources required for various stage of the project. Brief both

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 the project team and the key resources about the objectives of every stage, planned
activities, products, organization. Metrics and project controls.

e. Quality control- This is very important in any project: Quality control is possible if
the project member’s follow-
Schedule quality review, Agenda for quality review, conduct quality review and follow
up.
f. Progress control- It is the main part at assessment- Progress control assesses-
monitor performance, update schedule, update casts, Re-plan stage schedule,
conduct team status review etc.
Along with we create status report, create flash reports, project status reports etc.

g. Approvals - lastly, project sage reviews and the decisions taken and actions planned
need to be approved by the top management. The goals of such review are to
improve quality by finding defects and to improve productivity by finding defects in a
cost effective manner. The group review progress includes several stage like
planning, preparation and overview, a group review meeting and rework
recommendation and follow-up.

5. Explain the necessity and objectives of SCM?

SCM is the abbreviation of supply chain Management. It is considered by many express

worldwide as the ultimate solution towards efficient enterprise management.

The necessity and objectives of SCM-

SCM is required by and enterprise as a tow to enhance management effectiveness with a

following organizational objective:

Reduction of inventory
Enactment in functional effectiveness of existing systems like ERP, Accounting.
Software and Documentation like financial reports statements ISO 9000 Documents
etc.
Enhancement of participation level and empowerment level
Effective integration of multiple systems like ERP, communication systems,
documentation system and secure, Design R&D systems etc.
Better utilization of resources- men, material, equipment and money.
Optimization of money flow cycle within the organization as well as to and from
external agencies.
Enhancement of value of products, operations and services and consequently,
enhancements of profitability.
Enhancement of satisfaction level of customer and clients, supporting institutions,
statutory control agencies, supporting institutions, statutory control agencies,
suppliers and vendors, employees and executives.
Enhancement of flexibility in the organization to help in easy implementation of
schemes involving modernization, expansion and divestment, mergers and
acquisitions.
Enhancement of coverage and accuracy of management information systems.

With the objectives of SCM, its implementation is required. Implementation is in the

form of various functional blocks of an organization interpenetrated through which a
smooth flow of the product development is possible.

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A relatively new SCM option involves web based software with a browser interface.
Several electronic markets place for buying and selling goods and materials.

6. What are the steps involves in SCM implementation?

There are many steps which involved in SCM implementation are- Business Process,
sales and marketing. Logistics, costing, demand planning, trade- off analysis,
environmental requirement, process stability, integrated supply, supplier management,
product design, suppliers, customers, material specifications, etc.

Some important aspect of SCM:

The level of competition existing in the market and the impact of competitive forces
on the product development.
Designing and working on a strategic logic for better growth through value invention.
Working out new value curve in the product development along with necessary break
point.
Using it to analyses markets and the economies in product design. Tine, customer,
quality of product and the concept of survival of fittest.

Steps of SCM implementation:

Group customer by need:

Effective SCM groups, customer by distinct service needs those particular segments.

Customize the logistics networks:

In designing their logistics network, companies need to focus on the service requirement
and profit potential of the customer segments identified.

Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly

Sales and operations planners must monitor the entire supply chain to detect early
warning signals of changing customer demand and needs.

Differentiate the product closer to the customer

Companies today no longer can afford to stock pile inventory to compensate for possible
forecasting errors; instead, they need to postpone product differentiation in the
manufacturing. Processes closer to actual customer demand.

Strategically manage the source of supply

By working closely with their key suppliers to reduce the overall casts of owning
materials and services; SCM maximizes profit margins both for themselves, and their
supplies.

Develop a supply chain wide technology strategy

As one of the cornerstones of successful SCM information technology must be able to

support multiple levels of decision making.

Adopt channel spanning performance measures

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Excellent supply performance measurement systems do more than just monitor internal
functions. They apply performance criteria that embrace both service and financial
metrics, including each account’s true profitability.

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