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    Energy and Exergy Analysis of Coal Fired Power Plant

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    RakeshLolariya
    This document summarizes an analysis of energy and exergy losses in components of a 32MW coal-fired power plant. The analysis found that the largest losses occur in the boiler (42% energy loss), turbine (38% energy loss), and heat exchangers. Exergy analysis identified losses more accurately than energy analysis alone, as it accounts for degradation of energy quality. Major opportunities for improving efficiency are reducing losses in the boiler and turbine through redesign, such as decreasing excess combustion air and stack gas temperatures.

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    Energy and Exergy Analysis of Coal Fired Power Plant

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    RakeshLolariya
    25 views8 pages
    This document summarizes an analysis of energy and exergy losses in components of a 32MW coal-fired power plant. The analysis found that the largest losses occur in the boiler (42% energy loss), turbine (38% energy loss), and heat exchangers. Exergy analysis identified losses more accurately than energy analysis alone, as it accounts for degradation of energy quality. Major opportunities for improving efficiency are reducing losses in the boiler and turbine through redesign, such as decreasing excess combustion air and stack gas temperatures.

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    its an exergy analysis of captive power plant

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    This document summarizes an analysis of energy and exergy losses in components of a 32MW coal-fired power plant. The analysis found that the largest losses occur in the boiler (42% energy loss), turbine (38% energy loss), and heat exchangers. Exergy analysis identified losses more accurately than energy analysis alone, as it accounts for degradation of energy quality. Major opportunities for improving efficiency are reducing losses in the boiler and turbine through redesign, such as decreasing excess combustion air and stack gas temperatures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    25 views8 pages

    Energy and Exergy Analysis of Coal Fired Power Plant

    Uploaded by

    RakeshLolariya
    This document summarizes an analysis of energy and exergy losses in components of a 32MW coal-fired power plant. The analysis found that the largest losses occur in the boiler (42% energy loss), turbine (38% energy loss), and heat exchangers. Exergy analysis identified losses more accurately than energy analysis alone, as it accounts for degradation of energy quality. Major opportunities for improving efficiency are reducing losses in the boiler and turbine through redesign, such as decreasing excess combustion air and stack gas temperatures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    ISSN:23211156 of Innovative Research in

    International Journal
    Technology & Science(IJIRTS)

    Energy and Exergy Analysis of Coal Fired Power


    Plant
    H Ravi Kulkarni 1; Prof P.P.Revankar 2; Prof S.G.Hadagal 3,

    Abstract
    Increasing demand of power has made keen interest of study to improve the efficiency of power
    plant. From the energy Scenario we see that approximately 57% of energy is generated from coal
    fired power plant. It is the major source of energy
    production. The energy analysis is carried out for
    32MW coal fired thermal power plant. Increasing
    demand of power has made keen interest of study
    to improve the efficiency of power plant. The
    energy assessment must be quality and quantity.
    The aim of the study is to identify the location and
    magnitude of useful energy lost during the process
    at various components of power plant.
    The losses at various components are calculated
    using the energy and exergy balance equation.
    The first law thermodynamics and second law of
    thermodynamic efficiencies of power plant has
    been calculated. The analysis shows that the exergy efficiency is low at each components of power
    plant, the major loss occur in power plant are Boiler, Turbine and Heat Exchangers. There is 42%
    loss in boiler and 38% loss in Turbine. The overall
    plant efficiency is 30%. Comparison of energy and
    exergy loss where the useful energy is loss is identified and improves the efficiency of the component by making the necessary arrangements to the
    system components.

    indicator showing the devel- opment stages of


    countries and living standards of

    Introduction
    Electrical energy is universal energy, electric energy can be converted into all forms of energy, and
    hence the demand for electric energy is increase.
    Hence more no of power plant are placed, where
    75%of power is generated by burning coal. The
    Energy conservation in a coal fired power plant
    is one of the important aspects to reduce the rate of
    consumption of fossil fuel, with rapid growing of civilization
    consumption of energy is also
    increasing rapidly. Energy security and co2
    emission reduction are the major concerns of todays
    world. Our earth crust has abundant amount of coal,
    the coal is spread over the world, the quality of the
    coal may vary some part have high calorific value
    coal and some have low calorific value coal.
    Energy consumption is one of the most important
    Energy and Exergy Analysis of Coal Fired Power Plant

    53

    ISSN:2321communities [1]. As the primary source of1156


    energy for
    power production, transport and industry is from fossil fuels, hence we have to reduce the consumption of
    fossil fuel by increasing the efficiency of power plant
    and the systems we are running. Power plant runs on a
    thermodynamic process, improvements in thermodynamic process mainly depends on energy analysis.
    The energy analysis is based on first law of thermodynamic where irreversibility of the systems is not
    characterized, i.e. properties of system environment
    or degradation of energy quality is not considered.
    The real useful energy loss cannot be justified by the
    fist law of thermodynamics, because it does not differentiate between the quality and quantity of energy.
    For achieving higher efficiency higher order analysis has to be done, Exergy analysis is based on
    second law of thermodynamics. Exergy define the
    theoretical useful amount energy available from the
    process, and destruction in exergy is called as Anergy. Exergy identifies the major sources of loss and
    areas for improving the performance of the system. It
    characterizes work potential of a system with reference to environment were maximum theoretical work
    done can be obtained. Destruction in exergy is proportional to entropy generation, which accounts for
    inefficiencies. Boiler efficiency therefore has a great
    influence on heating- related energy savings. It is
    therefore important to maximize the heat transfer to the
    water and minimize the heat losses in the boiler. Heat
    can be lost from boilers by a variety of methods,
    including hot flue gas losses, radiation losses and, in
    the case of steam boilers, blow-down losses etc. To
    optimize the operation of a boiler plant, it is necessary to identify where energy wastage is likely to occur. A significant amount of energy is lost through
    flue gases as all the heat produced by the burning fuel
    cannot be transferred to water or steam in the boiler.
    As the temperature of the flue gas leaving a boiler
    o
    typically ranges from 150 to 250 C, about1030% of
    the heat energy is lost through it. Since most of the
    heat losses from the boiler appear as heat in the flue
    gas, the recovery of this heat can result in substantial
    energy saving. This indicates that there is huge savings potentials of a boiler energy savings by minimizing its losses. The modifications considered here,
    which increase efficiency by reducing the irreversibility rate in the steam generator, are decreasing the

    54
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY&SCIENCE | VOLUME 1,
    NUMBER3

    International Journal of Innovative Research in


    Technology & Science(IJIRTS)
    fraction of excess combustion air and decreasing the
    stack-gas temperature [2].
    This project has been conduct on exergy analysis
    in
    one of the units of Surana Thermal power plant, Raichur, Karnataka. The exergy analysis identifies the
    area where and how much the loss are occurring, and
    area of improvements are discussed to improve the
    efficiency of the power plant.

    Methodology
    Case study on thermal power plant, major components of power plant of are listed, points are selected
    carefully such that it measure the temperature, mass
    flow rate, pressure is noted down at each inlet and
    outlet of components of the system. At full load condition parameter reading is noted down. For these
    points enthalpy and entropy value is noted from the
    steam table. Individual energy and exergy analysis is
    calculated for each components of the system.
    The
    Exergy destruction at each point is calculated and the
    loss is determined with location and magnitude. The
    energy and exergy efficiency is also calculated and
    to identify the loss occurring in power plant
    component.

    Fig: 1 Layout of Steam Power Plant with Point of interest

    Energy balance equation in power plant components


    Energy balance for Boiler
    1 1 + 13 13 + (14 14)] =

    [22+1111+(

    (1)
    Energy balance for
    Turbine
    2 2 = [ 3 3 + 4 4 +
    5 5 + +
    ]
    (2)
    Energy
    balance
    for
    Condenser

    5 5 + 17 17 = 6 6 +
    18 18 + () (3)
    Energy balance for Condenser pump
    6 6 +
    = 7 7 +

    (4)
    Energy balance for Low pressure Heater
    7 7 + 4 4 = 8 8 +
    (5)
    Energy balance for Deaerator
    3 3 + 8 8 = [ 9 9 +
    ]
    (6)
    Energy balance for boiler feed pump
    9 9 + = [ 10 10 +
    ] (7)
    Energy balance for Economizer
    10 10 + 11 11 = [ 1 1 +
    12 12 + ](8)
    Energy balance for Air Pre Heater
    12 12 + 16 16

    = [ 13 13

    +
    15 15 + ]

    (9)

    Balance of Exergy in power plant


    components
    Exergy balance for Boiler

    a1 [(h1 hr) Tr(S1 Sr)] ,

    (10)
    1 1 + 13 13 + (14 14)] =
    [22+1111+()(11)
    Exergy balance for Turbine
    2 2 = [ 3 3 + 4 4 +
    5 5 + + ] (12)
    Exergy balance for Condenser
    5 5 + 17 17 = 6 6 +
    1818+()
    (13)
    Exergy balance for Condenser pump
    6 6 +
    = 7 7 +

    (14)
    Exergy balance for Low pressure Heater
    7 7 + 4 4 = 8 8 +
    (15)
    Exergy balance for Deaerator
    3 3 + 8 8 = [ 9 9 +
    ](16)
    Energy balance for boiler feed pump
    9 9 + = [ 10 10 +
    ](17)
    Exergy balance for Economizer
    10 10 + 11 11 = [ 1 1 +
    12 12 + ](18)

    International Journal of Innovative Research in


    Technology & Science(IJIRTS)
    Exergy balance for Air Pre Heater
    12 12 + 16 16
    15 15 +

    = [ 13 13 +
    (19)

    ]
    Boiler =49%
    Turbine=65%
    Condenser=11%
    Condenser Pump=86%
    Low Pressure Heater=87%
    Deaerator= 67%
    Boiler feed Pump =95%
    Economizer=73%
    Air Pre Heater=71%

    Results and discussion


    The energy losses at various components of power
    plant are determined and from the graph we can determine that major loss occurring in the plant through
    Boiler, Turbine and condenser. These results are
    based on first law of thermodynamics. On x-axis
    there are different components of power plant and yaxis represents the amount of heat lost in kW.

    Fig: 5.1 Heat loss in kW of energy

    Fig: 5.2 Heat loss in kW of Exergy


    The Exergy analysis of major components are
    done, where from the above graph we can
    identify the useful energy loss that is taking place in
    the plant are determined i.e. through Boiler,
    turbine even though major loss are in boiler and
    turbine both in energy and exergy calculation, but
    the loss are accu- rate as compared to energy
    calculation with exergy calculation. It is a second
    order calculation; hence the results are more
    accurate. On comparing the Graph in figure 5.1 and
    5.2 we can see that the energy loss is more in figure
    5.2. Hence the Boiler, turbine is to be redesigned to
    reduce the heat loss and better heat transfer in
    boiler, and by redesigning the turbine.

    Fig: 5.3 Percentage of energy loss in components

    International Journal of Innovative Research in


    Technology & Science(IJIRTS)
    Conclusion

    Fig: 5.4 Percentage of Exergy loss in components


    The efficiency of components in the power plant is
    found out using energy and exergy calculation. From
    the above graph we can see that the efficiency of loss
    in Boiler and turbine is more as compared to other
    components of power plant, hence we should improve the efficiency of boiler and turbine by
    redesign. Even though the percentage loss in
    condenser is more the quality of the energy is not
    good. By comparing the graph figure 5.3 and 5.4 we
    can conclude that the major loss is taking place in
    boiler and turbine. Hence scope of saving energy is
    more in these com- ponents.

    Generator Power output


    The above graph shows the power output of the
    generator for the respective mass flow rate of steam.
    As the mass flow rate increases the power output of
    generator also increase. The power output is a function of turbine steam flow rate. It is useful to determining the steam flow requirement at part load conditions of the turbine generator unit.

    Figure: 5.5 Generator power output for the mass


    flow rate

    The following conclusions have been drawn from


    the drawn from the site study at thermal power plant,
    The exergy analysis of the power plant identifies
    areas where most of the useful energy is lost and
    discusses potential of the lost energy for improvement of the plant energy efficiency.
    It shows that the boiler and turbine of a power
    gen- eration plant is the major source of useful
    energy lost. Only negligible amounts of useful
    waste ener- gy can be recovered through
    implementing some heat recovery system.
    In order to achieve significant improvement
    of energy efficiency the boiler and turbine
    systems need to be altered, which require further
    techno- economic study.
    From ultimate analysis of boiler we can see that
    complete combustion taking place but due to upward pressure of air, fuel contains fines which flies
    with flue gas and burns at the top of boiler by increasing the temperature of super heater and leaving the boiler at very high temperature.
    The percentage of fines is to be reduced or fuel
    injection type should be changed by studying the
    design of boiler. Thus efficiency can be improved.
    Even though loss in condenser is more the Quality
    of energy obtained is not, hence we have to concentrate on boiler and turbine to increase the efficiency of the plant.

    International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology


    & Science(IJIRTS)
    Acknowledgement
    I express my deepest gratitude toErParvatha
    Reddy, DGM Surana Power Plant
    Raichur, for everything. For giving me an opportunity to carry out this project work in plant and
    Er.Shalam site manager SPL Raichur, for believing
    in me. I am grateful to Sir, for all the encouragement.

    References
    1
    2
    3
    4

    6
    7

    Mali Sanjay, Easy Method Of Exergy Analysis For


    Thermal Power Plant, procof IJAERS, E-ISSN2249
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    DeryaBurcuOzkan, Exergy Analysis
    Of A
    Cogenera- tion Plant, World Academy of Science,
    Engineering and Technology, 61, 2012.
    P. Regulagadda, Exergy Analysis Of A Thermal
    Power Plant With Measured Boiler And Turbine
    Losses, Applied Thermal Engineering 30 (2010) 970
    976.
    T. Ganapathy, Exergy Analysis of Operating Lignite
    Fired Thermal Power Plant, Journal of Engineering
    Science and Technology Review 2 (1) (2009) 123130.
    Isam H. Aljundi, Energy and Exergy Analysis Of A
    Steam Power Plant In Jordan, Applied Thermal Engineering 29 (2009) 324328.
    A Rashad, Energy and Exergy Analysis Of A Steam
    Power Plant In Egypt, 13th International
    Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation
    Technology, Pa- per: ASAT-13-TH-02.

    I am grateful to Prof. P.P. Revankar Associate Professor, for the help extended during my project take
    shape and proceed in a uniform disciplined manner.
    Prof. Revankar rendered his invaluable help in channelizing my efforts in the right direction. My special
    thanks and respect to him.
    8

    10
    11

    12
    13

    Amir
    vosough,
    Improvement
    Power
    Plant
    Efficiency With Condenser Pressure, International
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    Engineering, VOL. 2, NO. 3, JUNE 2011.
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    57
    Energy and Exergy Analysis of Coal Fired Power Plant

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