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    Free Vibration Is If A System, After An Initial Disturbance, Is Left To Vibrate On Its Own, The Ensuing

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    Dhiya Aimullah
    Free vibration is the oscillation of a system after an initial disturbance without any external forces acting on it. A spring-mass system can exhibit free vibration, where the mass oscillates at the system's natural frequency depending on its mass and spring stiffness. The equations of motion for both vertical and horizontal spring-mass systems are derived using Newton's second law and the conservation of energy principle, resulting in the same second-order differential equation relating the displacement, acceleration, mass, and spring constant.

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    Free Vibration Is If A System, After An Initial Disturbance, Is Left To Vibrate On Its Own, The Ensuing

    Uploaded by

    Dhiya Aimullah
    204 views4 pages
    Free vibration is the oscillation of a system after an initial disturbance without any external forces acting on it. A spring-mass system can exhibit free vibration, where the mass oscillates at the system's natural frequency depending on its mass and spring stiffness. The equations of motion for both vertical and horizontal spring-mass systems are derived using Newton's second law and the conservation of energy principle, resulting in the same second-order differential equation relating the displacement, acceleration, mass, and spring constant.

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    about dynamic

    Original Title

    THEORY Dynamic

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    Free vibration is the oscillation of a system after an initial disturbance without any external forces acting on it. A spring-mass system can exhibit free vibration, where the mass oscillates at the system's natural frequency depending on its mass and spring stiffness. The equations of motion for both vertical and horizontal spring-mass systems are derived using Newton's second law and the conservation of energy principle, resulting in the same second-order differential equation relating the displacement, acceleration, mass, and spring constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    204 views4 pages

    Free Vibration Is If A System, After An Initial Disturbance, Is Left To Vibrate On Its Own, The Ensuing

    Uploaded by

    Dhiya Aimullah
    Free vibration is the oscillation of a system after an initial disturbance without any external forces acting on it. A spring-mass system can exhibit free vibration, where the mass oscillates at the system's natural frequency depending on its mass and spring stiffness. The equations of motion for both vertical and horizontal spring-mass systems are derived using Newton's second law and the conservation of energy principle, resulting in the same second-order differential equation relating the displacement, acceleration, mass, and spring constant.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    THEORY

    Free Vibration is if a system, after an initial disturbance, is left to vibrate on its own, the ensuing
    vibration is known as free vibration. No external force acts on the system. The oscillation of a simple
    pendulum is an example of free vibration. The system under free vibration will vibrate at one or more of
    its natural frequencies, which are properties of the dynamic system established by its mass and stiffness
    distribution.
    Spring-mass system in a horizontal position is when the undamped single degree of freedom. The mass is
    supported on a frictionless rollers and can have translator motion in the horizontal direction. The
    unstretched length of the spring is

    l 0 . Let the mass be displaced a distance + x from its rest

    position. This result in a spring force

    x . newtons second law states that

    Mass acceleration = resultant force on the mass


    The application of Eq. (1) to the mass

    (1)

    m yields the equation of motion

    m x =kx
    Or

    m x +kx =0

    (2)

    Where

    x = d x2
    dt

    is the acceleration of the mass.

    In this experiment, we are using a spring-mass system in vertical position. At rest the mass will hang in a
    position called static equilibrium position, in which the upward spring force exactly balances the
    downward gravitational force on the mass. In this position the length of the spring is

    s t is the static deflection- the elongation due to the weight W of the mass m.

    l 0+ st , where

    Figure A spring-mass system in vertical position

    Static equilibrium,

    W =mg=k st
    Where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Let the mass be deflected a distance from its static equilibrium
    position; then the spring force is k ( x +

    st ). The application of Newtons second law of motion to

    the mass m gives

    m x =k ( x + st ) +W

    (3)

    And since

    st =W

    , we obtain

    m x +kx =0

    (4)

    Notice that Eqs. (3) and (4) are identical. This indicates that when a mass moves in a vertical direction,
    we can ignore its weight, provided we measure x from its static equilibrium position.
    Equation (1) can also be derived by using the conservation of energy principle. To apply this principle,
    first note that the system is conservative. Since there is no energy dissipation due to damping. During
    vibration, the energy of the system is partly kinetic and partly potential. The kinetic energy T is stored in
    the mass by virtue of its velocity, and the potential energy U is stored in the spring by virtue of its eleastic
    deformation. Due to the conversation of energy, we have
    T + U = constant
    Or

    d
    (T +U )=0
    dt

    (5)

    The kinetic and potential energies are given by

    T=

    1
    2

    m x

    (6)

    And

    1
    U= k x 2
    2

    (7)

    Substitution of eqs. (6) and (7) into eq. (5) yields the desired equation

    m x +kx =0

    (8)

    The solution of eq. (8) can be found by assuming

    x ( t )=C e st

    (9)

    Where C and s are constants to be determined. Substitution of Eq. (9) into eq. (8) gives

    C ( m s 2+ k ) =0

    Since C cannot be zero, we have

    m s2 + k=0
    And hence
    1

    k 2
    = i wn
    m
    s=

    1 1 /2
    Where
    i= and
    k 1/ 2

    m
    w n=

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