TOPIC :

STATISTICS

FREQUENCY TABLE
EXAMPLE 1
The data in Diagram 1 shows marks obtained by 20 participants in a quiz.
1
2

4 6 5 4 6 3 5 4 6
1 2 4 6 1 2 4 2 3

Diagram 1
a) Using the data, complete the frequency table in the answer space.
b) State the mode
( 3 marks)
Answer :
a)
Marks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency
b)
Steps
a)

Frequency table.
1. Slash the same number
For example : No 1.

Solutions
1 4
2

6 5 4 6 3 5 4 6
1

2 4 6 1 2

4 2 3

Example : slash number 1

2. Fill in the frequency number in the
table.

3. Repeat the same step for other numbers.

b)

Mode
1. From the table, chose the highest frequency
for mode.

The frequency of number 1 is 3.

Marks
Frequency
Marks
Frequency

1 2 3 4 5 6
3
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 4 2 5 2 4

Highest frequency = 5
Thus, mode = 4

EXAMPLE 2 : FREQUENCY TABLE

The data in Diagram 2 shows marks scored by 30 students in a science quiz. The
maximum score is 10.
9

7 3 7 7 6 7 9 8 5

6 4 3 7 8 2 5 1 9

4 5 6 4 6 7 8 9 2
Diagram 2

( 3 marks )

a) Using the data, complete the frequency table in the answer space.
b) State the Median.
Answer :
a)
Marks
1
Frequency

b)
Steps
a)

Frequency
table.
1. Slash the
same number.

Solutions
9

7 3 7 7 6 7 9 8 5

6 4 3 7 8 2 5 1 9

4 5 6 4 6 7 8 9 2

Example : Number 9
2. Fill in the
frequency
number in the
table.
3.Repeat the
same steps for
other numbers.

Marks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency
Example : Frequency number of 9 is 4

9
4

Median
b) 1. Determine
Total frequency = 1+2+2+3+5+4+6+3+4
the total
= 30 ( n = even)
frequency of the
data, n.
2. If n is even,
the median is
the mean of the
n
th and the
2
n
( 1) th
2

value of the
data.

3. If n odd, the
median is the (
n
1) th value
2

of the data.

30
30
th value + (
+ 1)th value
2
2

Median =

___________________________
2
= 15th value + 16th value
2
= 6+6
2
= 6
Marks
1 2
3
4
Frequency 1 2
2
3
Position
0 2nd 4th 6th
-1

st
3th 5th 8th

5
5
9th
13th

6
4
14th

17th

7
6
18th

23th

8
3
24th

26th

Total frequency = 6+8+5+6+3+3

= 31 ( n = odd)
Median = (

31
+ 1)th value
2

_____________
2
= 16th value
=2
No of
0
children
No of
6
families
Position 1st-6th

7th-14th

15th
-19th

9
4
27th

30th

EXAMPLE 3 - FREQUENCY
The table below shows the frequency of the number appearing when rolling a dice in
a game.
Number
Frequency

1
8

2
12

3
7

4
10

5
9

6
14

What is the mean, mode and median.

Steps
1

Mean
1. Rearrange the data into table 3 columns , (x , f,
fx).

Solutions

Number(x)
1
2
3
4
5
6
total

Frequency(f) fx
8
12
7
10
9
14
60

2.Times the number (x) with frequency (f) to get

fx

1x 8 = 8
2x12=24
3x 7 = 21

3. Add all the values in column fx to get total

value of numbers.

8+24+21+40+45+84 = 222

4. Calculate the mean .

Mean = Total value of numbers
Total frequency

Mean = 222
60
= 3.7

Mode
1. Chose the highest frequency from the table.

Highest frequency = 12
Thus mode
=2

Median
1.Determine the total frequency of the data, n.

2. If n is even, the median is the mean of the

n
n
th and the ( 1) th value of the data.
2
2

Total frequency =8+12+7+10+9+14

= 60 ( n = even)

60
60
th value + (
+ 1)th value
2
2

Median =

___________________________
2
= 30th value + 31th value
2
= 4+4
2
= 4

Number
1
Frequency 8
Position
1st8th

BAR CHARTS

2
12
9th20th

3
7
21st27th

4
5
10
9
th
28 37th

6
14

EXAMPLE 1.
Day
Mon Tue. Wed. Thur. Fri.
Distance (km) 8
10
14
7
12
The frequency table shows the distance Rajiv ran over a period of 5 days. Construct a
horizontal bar chart for the data.
Steps
1.Based on the maximum
frequency of the data, choose
a suitable scale for the
vertical or horizontal bars.
2. Plot y axis and x axis with
the data given.

3. Draw a bar for each

frequency and separate the
bars by equal spaces.
4. Write the title above the
bar chart.

Solutions.
The highest frequency is = 14. Scale 1cm=2 is
suaitable for frequency (distance).
X axis = day
Y axis = distance (km)

EXAMPLE 2 BAR CHART

The table below shows the number of local and foreign tourists who visited a forest
reserve in Sarawak.
Months
Local Tourists
Foreign Tourists

Jun
500
300

Jul
400
800

Aug
450
1000

Sept
600
900

Construct a double bar chart to represent the above data.

Steps
1.Based on the maximum
frequency of the data, choose a
suitable scale for the vertical or
horizontal bars.

Solutions.
The highest frequency is = 1000. Scale
1cm=100 is suaitable for frequency (number of
tourists).

2. Plot y axis and x axis with the

data given.

X axis = month
Y axis = number of tourists

3. Draw a bar for each frequency

and separate the bars by equal
spaces.
4. Write the title above the bar
chart. A key is needed for
combined bar charts.

EXAMPLE 3 BAR CHART

y
700

Amount (RM)

600
500
400
300
200
100
Mon

Tue

Wed

Thur
Fri
x
Day
The bar chart above shows the money made from sales in a restaurant in five days. State
the greatest increase, in RM, between two consecutive days.
Steps
1. From the graph, take the highest
sales.

Solutions
Highest sales = (RM700) Tuesday

2. Find the amount of sales on the day

before.

Sales on Mon = RM 300

3. To get the increase sales, minus the

amount of that two days.

The greatest increase between two

consutive days
= Sales on Tuesday Sales on Monday
= 700 300
= RM 400

PIE CHARTS
EXAMPLE 1
The table below shows the racial distribution of students in Form 3A. Using a pie chart,
illustrate the racial distribution of students in the class.
Race
Number of
students

Malay
21

Steps
1. Calculate the
angle of each sector.
Angle of sector =
Quantity
x 360
Total

2. Draw a suitable
circle by using a
pair compasses.
3. By using a
protractor,divide the
circle into different
sectors according to
their angles.
4. Write the title and
the appropriate
labels for the groups
of data.

Chinese
16

Indian
2

Solutions
Race
Malay
Chinese
Indian
Others
Total

Number of
students
21
16
2
1
40

Angle of sector
21/40 x 360 = 189
16/40 x 360= 144
2/40 x 360 = 18
1/40 x 360 = 9
360

Others
1

EXAMPLE 2 PIE CHART

Table below shows the sizes of a sports shirt worn by group of students.
Size of shirts
S
M
L
XL

Number of students
5
20
15
10

On the circle in the answer space, construct a pie chart to represent all the information
given in the table.
Steps
1. Calculate the
angle of each sector.
Angle of sector =
Quantity
x 360
Total

2. Draw a suitable
circle by using a
pair compasses.

Solutions
Size of
shirts
S
M
L
XL
Total

Number of
students
5
20
15
10
50

4. Write the title and

the appropriate
labels for the groups
of data.

5/50 x 360 =36

20/50 x 360= 144
15/50 x 360 = 108
10/50 x 360 = 72
360

Sizes of sports shirts worn by students

10

3. By using a
protractor,divide the
circle into different
sectors according to
their angles.

Angle of sector

5
S
M
20

15

L
XL

EXAMPLE 3 PIE CHARTS

The above pie chart illustrates the reading choices of a group of students.
a) What is the most favourite kind of books?
b) What is the percentage of students who prefer mystery book?
a)

b)

Steps
The most favourite kind of books
Take the highest degree from the pie charts.

Solution
Adventure is the most
favourite kind of books =
highest degree 126.

Calculate the angles of selected sector to get the

percentage

Mystery book = 90
90 x 100% = 25%
360
25% of the students prefer
mystery book.

PICTOGRAMS
EXAMPLE 1
Day
Number of
watermelon

Mon
100

Tue
120

Wed
90

Thur
140

Fri
160

The table above shows the number of watermelons harvested on a farm from Monday to
Friday. Construct a pictogram to represent the given data.
Steps
1. Choose a suitable, based on data.
2. Determine the number of units represented
by each picture. This called the key.
Normally it is stated below the table.
3. Draw a table and the picture. The number
of pictures depends on the key that is used.
4. Write the title of the pictogram above the
table.

Solutions
Title
Number of Watermelon
Harvested on Five days.
Mon OOOOO
Tue
OOOOOO
Wed OOOO
Thur OOOOOOO
Fri
OOOOOOOO
O represents 20 watermelon
key

EXAMPLE 2 - PICTOGRAM
Monday

Tuesday

wednesday
represents 5 sticks of ice cream
The above pictogram shows the number of sticks of ice cream sold by Atan in three days.
Calculate the total number of sticks of ice cream sold by Atan in three days.
Steps
Solutions
1. Multiply the number of with 5 for three days.
Monday = 3 x 5
= 15
Tuesday = 4 x 5
= 20
Wednesday = 6 x5
= 30
2. Total the number of sticks of ice cream in three
Total number of sticks of
days.
ice cream = 15 + 20 + 30
= 65

EXAMPLE 3 PICTOGRAM
July

August

September
October

November
December

represents 5 students
The above pictogram shows the number of students in form 2 whose birthdays fall
within the last six months of the year.
a) What is the total number of students in form 2?
b) What is the number of students whose birthdays fall after October ?
Steps
Solutions
a) Total number of students in form 2.
Total number of = 23
Multiply the total number of with 5.
Total number students in Form 2 = 23 x 5
= 115
Number of in Nov & Dec is 13.
b) Number of students whose birthday fall after Thus, number of students whose birthday
October.
fall after Oct = 13 x5
Multiply the total number of in Nov &
= 65
Dec.

STATISTICS - QUESTIONS
1. The data in the Diagram 1 shows the distribution of 30 families according to the
number of children they have.
0
1

5 4 2 4 1 3 1 3 2 5 2 4 1 3
1 2 2 3 0 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 5 3

a) Using the above data, complete the frequency table in the answer space.
b) State the mode.
Answer :
a)

Number of children in a family 0 1 2 3 4 5

Frequency

b)

( 3 marks)

2. The table shows the points obtained by a group of students in a game. Find the
mode and median of the data.
Point
1 2 3 4 5
Number of students 1 3 4 7 2
Answer :
a)
b) ..

( 3 marks)

3. The table shows the scores obtained by 35 participants in a competition.

Score
0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 6 8 9 7 5
Calculate the mean score correct to 3 decimal places.
Answer :

( 3 marks)

4. Table 2 shows the grades obtained by a group of students in an examination.

Grade
A
B
C
D

Number of students
25
40
60
30
Table 2
Construct a bar chart to represent all the information in the Table 2.

(4 marks)

5. Table 3 shows the number of radios sold in an electrical appliances shop in four
consecutive months in 2002.
Month
April May June July
Number of radios 12
20
16
18
Table 3
Draw a bar chart to represent all the information in the table.
(4 marks)
6. Table below shows the money made from sales in a shop in five days.
Day
Sales (RM)
Monday
400
Tuesday
300
Wednesday 600
Thursday
500
Friday
200
Construct a bar chart to represent the given information.

( 5 marks)

7. Table below shows 60 people took part in a survey conducted on their favourite
local fruits. The results were as follows:
Local Fruit Number of people
Durian
15
Mangosteen 12
Rambutan
20
Watermelon 3
Banana
10
Draw the pie chart to represent all the information above.

(5 marks)

Brand
A
B
C
D

Percentage of buyers
40
25
15
20

Table 4
8. Table 4 shows the market position of four different brands of drinks.
Complete the pie chart to represent all the information in Table 4.
(5 marks)
9. Table 5 shows the number of marbles in a container.

to

Marbles
Red
Yellow
Green
Blue

Number of marbles
180
240
180
120

Table 5
Construct a completely labelled pie chart
represent the data.
(5 marks)

10. Table 6 shows the number of cars serviced in a workshop in a year. The
information of May August is shown fully in the pictograph in the answer space.
Complete the pictograph to represent all the information in Table 6.
Months
January April
May August
September - December

Number of cars
180
120
200

Table 6
Answer :
Jan Apr
May Aug
Sept - Dec
.. Represents cars

11.

2A

2B
2C

( 3 marks)

Represents 4 girls

The incomplete pictogram shows the number of girls in three classes.

a) Given that the total number of girls in three classes in 48, find the number of girls
in 2B.
b) Calculate the difference of number of girls in class 2A and 2B.
( 3 marks )
12. The incomplete pictogram shows the number of televisions produced by three
factories, P,Q and R . If the total production is 3000 units, find the number of
televisions that needs to be drawn in column R.
P
Q
R
Represents 200 televesions
.13.

( 3 marks )

Monday

Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday

represents 10 durians
The incomplete pictogram above shows the number of durians sold by a trader in four
consecutive days. The total number of durians sold in the four days is 200.
Find :
a) the ratio of the number of durians sold on Monday to the number of durians sold
on Tuesday.
b) the percentage of the durians that was sold on Wednesday.
( 4 marks)