Scribd
Upload
63 views3 pages

Syed Muhammad Salman Roll No: 1407 Submitted To Ms. Kishwar Munir

1) Earthquakes occur due to the sudden release of energy within the earth's crust, which creates seismic waves that travel through the surface. 2) The magnitude of an earthquake is measured to determine the intensity of shaking and potential damage, with higher magnitudes of 7 or more capable of widespread destruction. 3) Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface, which collide and slide over each other, releasing large amounts of energy. Fault lines in the crust can also cause earthquakes when they experience shifts.

Uploaded by

Nayyab Fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views3 pages

Syed Muhammad Salman Roll No: 1407 Submitted To Ms. Kishwar Munir

1) Earthquakes occur due to the sudden release of energy within the earth's crust, which creates seismic waves that travel through the surface. 2) The magnitude of an earthquake is measured to determine the intensity of shaking and potential damage, with higher magnitudes of 7 or more capable of widespread destruction. 3) Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface, which collide and slide over each other, releasing large amounts of energy. Fault lines in the crust can also cause earthquakes when they experience shifts.

Uploaded by

Nayyab Fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Research methodology:

Syed Muhammad Salman


Roll No: 1407
Submitted to
Ms. Kishwar Munir

Earthquake

Earthquake is a very dangerous natural disaster which occurs as a sudden shaking


movement of rocks in the earth's crust. Some of the earthquakes of low intensity become
less dangerous however earthquakes having high intensity become very dangerous and
can be extremely violent especially in the areas it occurs. There is no any fix duration for
the occurrence of earthquake, it may occur anytime and anywhere for any duration. It may
be brief but repeat many times a day. Earthquake is the result of sudden energy release
within the surface of earth. This released energy under earth crust creates powerful
seismic waves which travel through the earth surface. The frequency of waves and type
and size of earthquake is measured by the help of seismology which involves the use of
seismometer.
Large earthquakes may destroy things to a great extent as they take down huge buildings,
cause injury and thus death of people. There are various scales used to measure the
intensity of shaking and the magnitude of an earthquake. The scale showing magnitude 3
or less indicates that the earthquake is less harmful however the scale showing magnitude
7 or more causes huge level damage over a wide range of area. Earthquake which occur
under the ocean take the form of a tsunami. It is a giant form which can cause death and
destruction to the living and non-living things. High intensity earthquakes give rise to the
landslides in the surrounding areas.
In the ancient time, people in China were used a device in order to guess the occurrence of
earthquake. The device was similar to the jar having dragons on top and surrounded by
frogs with open mouths. They guess the occurrence of earthquake by the exchange of
fitted ball in dragon's mouth to the frog's mouth. The direction of earthquake was decided
by the position of frog receiving a ball. This device was an effective tool in the ancient time
to figure out the origin of an earthquake.
Causes of Earthquake

One of the main reasons of the earthquake is plate tectonics which causes tectonic
movements in the earth surface. Tectonic plates under the earth surface collide to
each other and ride over the other which becomes the reason of mountain
formation, earthquakes and volcanoes. This process releases a huge level of energy
which creates a force and thus surface movement.

Geological faults are also the reason of earthquakes. There are various forms of
faults however three main types are normal fault, reverse fault (also called thrust

fault) and strike-slip fault. Normal faults generally occur in the areas with extended
crust, reverse faults occur in the areas with shortened crust and strike-slip faults
occur in the areas where two fault sides slip horizontally.

Most earthquakes become the part of a sequence of earthquake clusters which


can recur in a regular pattern and related to each other in terms of location and
time. Such earthquakes cause less damage however larger earthquakes
(mainshock) create a foreshock (an earthquake of smaller magnitude) and cause
much damage.

A series of earthquake can occur in the variety of earthquake storm whenever earthquake
hit a fault in the clusters. Tsunami is a dangerous form of earthquake which occur as a
result of a chain of fast moving waves in ocean because of powerful earthquakes. It is a
very serious challenge for the people's lives, safety as well as earthquake engineering as
they can engulf coastal areas, swipe away whole city, damage houses and many more. It is
sad to say that it cannot be prevented however people can be warned through various
warning systems to run away and save lives.

You might also like