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Refrigeration System

The document discusses vapor compression refrigeration cycles and components. It describes the four processes: isentropic compression, constant pressure heat rejection, throttling, and constant pressure heat absorption. It also outlines the main refrigeration system components - compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Finally, it provides equations for the first and second laws of thermodynamics as they apply to refrigeration systems.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
116 views26 pages

Refrigeration System

The document discusses vapor compression refrigeration cycles and components. It describes the four processes: isentropic compression, constant pressure heat rejection, throttling, and constant pressure heat absorption. It also outlines the main refrigeration system components - compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Finally, it provides equations for the first and second laws of thermodynamics as they apply to refrigeration systems.

Uploaded by

wandee2393
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEC653

HVAC SYSTEM
CHAPTER 9
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

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KJM 381

Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle


The processes in the vapor compression refrigeration
cycle are as per following:
Process
1-2

Process Description
Isentropic compression

2-3
3-4

Constant pressure heat rejection


Throttling process

4-1

Constant pressure heat absorption

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Refrigeration cycle is based on the modification of reversed


Carnot cycle

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The P-h diagram is another convenient diagram often used


to illustrate the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.

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Components Description
COMPRESSOR: Provide the driving force for the entire
system by drawing low pressure refrigerant in and adding
pressure such that it exits at a higher temperature.
CONDENSER: Exhaust heat from the system by virtue of
heat transfer across a temperature gradient. The
refrigerant in the condenser is at a higher temperature than
the ambient temperature.

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EXPANSION VALVE: Allow the refrigerant to expand


dramatically in a controlled process such that it exits the
valve at a low quality liquid-vapor mixture.
EVAPORATOR: Absorb heat from the cold space by virtue of
a temperature gradient, similar to the condenser.

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Performance of Refrigeration System


Results of First Law
Component

Compressor

First Law Result


.

W in m(h2 h1 )
.

Condenser

Q H m(h2 h3 )

Expansion
valve

h3 h4

Evaporator

Q L m(h1 h4 )

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Results of Second Law

Cycle

Second Law Result


.

Refrigerator

QL

COPR

W in

h1 h4

h2 h1

Heat pump

COPHP

QH
.

W in

h2 h3
h2 h1

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Chiller COP vs Chiller Efficiency

COPR

QL

W in

h1 h4
h2 h1

Efficiency

W in in kW
.

Q L in RT

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Screw compressor

Centrifugal compressor

Reciprocating compressor
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Integrated Part Load Value


Typical figures of chiller efficiency (kW/RT) at part load:
% Load

Centrifugal

Screw

Reciprocating

100

0.68

0.81

0.85

75

0.70

0.72

0.95

50

0.73

0.67

1.10

25

0.98

0.69

1.42

*100 RT chiller operating 12 hours per day, 300 days per year???
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Chiller Plant COP vs Chiller Plant Efficiency

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Refrigerants
Type of refrigerants:

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Refrigerant Selection
Two important parameters: the temperatures of the refrigerated
space and the environment with which the refrigerant
exchanges heat.
R-134a (replaced R-12, which damages ozone layer) is used
in domestic refrigerators and freezers, as well as automotive
air conditioners.
R-502 (a blend of R-115 and R-22) is the dominant refrigerant
used in commercial refrigeration systems such as those in
supermarkets.
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COP comparison between different refrigerants under the


same operating conditions.

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Absorption Refrigeration Systems


The most widely used absorption refrigeration system is the
ammonia-water system, where ammonia serves as the
refrigerant and water as the transport medium.
The work input to the pump is usually very small, and the
COP of absorption refrigeration systems is defined as:
Desired output Cooling effect
QL
QL
COPR

Required input
Work input
Qgen Wpump ,in Qgen

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KJM 381

Cooling water flows

Cooling tower

Make-up
water tank
3

Condenser

Expansion valve

Compressor

Refrigerant
R-22 flows
Evaporator
4

Make-up
water flows

1
From building

To building
Chilled water flows

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Water-cooled chiller
Split unit

Air-cooled chiller
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Air-cooled packaged

Water-cooled packaged

VRV System
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