Feb Pero
Feb Pero
Feb Pero
AKASH K MISHRA
M.Sc PHYSICS,IITGN
Roll no:14510035
akash.mishra@iitgn.ac.in
March 29, 2016
Contents
1 INTRODUCTION
2 CONSTRUCTION
3 THEORY
3.1 MULTIPLE BEAM INTERFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
3
4 WORKING
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6 CONCLUSION
7 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
The Fabry-perot interferometer instrument which makes use of the fringes of equal inclination
produced by the transmitted light after multiple reflection in an air film between two parallel
highly reflecting glass plate.These 2 parallel glass plate kept at a fixed distance apart containing a
thin film of air in between them is called Fabry Perot Etalon and if one of them is kept fixed
and other is capable of moving to change their separation then the system is knon as Fabry Perot
InterferometerIt generally uses the concept of multiple beam interference.
CONSTRUCTION
THEORY
3.1
The Fabry perot interferometer generally uses the concept of multiple beam interference.
Consider the incidence of a plane wave on a plate of thickness d and having refractive index n
surrounded by medium of refractive index n1 as shown below.And as in Fabry perot interferometer
the film between the glass plates is air , i will just put n = n1 to get desired result.
image033.jpg
4R
(1R)2
we get
<=
2
sin2 2
F sin2
1+F
3
1
1 + F sin2
WORKING
Fabry.png
4nd cos
= 2m
m
2n
Here n is the refractive index and m is the order of fringe.
As in case of Fabry perot Interferometer the film between the 2 mirror is air its refractive index
is 1. Hence ,
m
cos =
2
It is clear from the above expression for cos that the fringes of equal inclination will be a circle
and hence in the fabry perot interferometer gives circular fringes.
Also it can be easily seen that if increases cos decreases.Hence the fringe at the center is the
highest order fringe.
cos =
5
5.1
For more accurate measurement of the mirror movement we can calibrate the micrometer as follows.Now turn the micrometer upto count of 15 fringes or more.Note the change in micrometer
4
reading and record this value as d0 .But the actual mirror movement is given by d = N2 where
is the wavelength of the light source and N is the no of fringes counted.Then = d/d0 is the
calibration constant for the micrometer.
Here N = 15, d0 = 0.18mm = 650nm,
d=
N
15 650 109
=
= 4.875 106 m
2
2
5.2
Calculation of wavelength
To calculate the wavelength we first change the separation between the mirrors by using the micrometer and calculate the no of fringes that collapse in to the center.We repeat this 3 times and
calculate the mean distance covered by the mirror.Then the wavelength of the light is given by
2d
=
N
The required data found from the experiment is given below in table 1.
Sr No No of Fringes Initial Reading Final Reading Distance(in mm)
1
20
0
24
0.24
2
20
24
46
0.22
3
20
46
21
0.25
3
So = ( 20.236710
20
5.2.1
) 0.027 = 639.09nm
Error Analysis
5.3
If the wavelength of light is given then we can also find the spacing between the mirror from this
experiment.To do this,incident the light on the fabry perot etalon and allow it to fall on a screen
to produce circular fringes.Note down the radius of various fringes as shown in figure below.The
data taken is given in table 2.
Figure 4: Circular Fringes Shown by Fabry perot Interferometer
Fabry_Perot_blue.png
Fringe No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Radius(pixcel)
92
174.665
228.665
272
308.665
344.665
Radius(cm)
0.0414
0.0785
0.102
0.1224
0.1389
0.155
Radius2 (incm2 )
1.713 103
6.16 103
10.4 103
15 103
19.3 103
24 103
2m = 2n+m 2n
0
4.447 103
8.687 103
13.287 103
17.587 103
22.287 103
t=
mD2
2n
4.142 103
4.241 103
4.159 103
4.189 103
4.132 103
Here D = 65mm is the distance between tne etalon and the screen.
The average thickness of the etalon is 4.1716mm
CONCLUSION
From the above experiment of Fabry perot Interferometer the wavelength of the laser light is found
to be 639.09nm with 1.6784 error and the thickness or the spacing of the etalon is found to be
4.1716 mm.
REFERENCES
1. OPTICS by Ajoy Ghatak
2. OPTICS by Brijlal & N.Subrahmanyam
3. Fundamental of Physics by Halliday,Resnick & Walker
4. www.google.com
5. wikipedia
6. IITGN Physics Lab manual
Average t