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Mangler Transform

This document presents an extension of the Mangler transformation to reduce a 3D boundary layer problem to an equivalent 2D problem. The Mangler transformation is commonly used to reduce axisymmetric and laterally strained boundary layer flows to planar boundary layer flows. Here, the authors consider linearized 3D disturbance equations and relate the spanwise velocity component to the streamwise velocity through a parameter. This allows the use of a Mangler-type transformation that transforms the equations into an equivalent form as the 2D case. Specific cases are presented where the transformed equations reduce directly to the standard 2D boundary layer equations. The transformation thus provides a method to reduce the considered 3D boundary layer flow into an equivalent simpler 2D problem.

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488 views5 pages

Mangler Transform

This document presents an extension of the Mangler transformation to reduce a 3D boundary layer problem to an equivalent 2D problem. The Mangler transformation is commonly used to reduce axisymmetric and laterally strained boundary layer flows to planar boundary layer flows. Here, the authors consider linearized 3D disturbance equations and relate the spanwise velocity component to the streamwise velocity through a parameter. This allows the use of a Mangler-type transformation that transforms the equations into an equivalent form as the 2D case. Specific cases are presented where the transformed equations reduce directly to the standard 2D boundary layer equations. The transformation thus provides a method to reduce the considered 3D boundary layer flow into an equivalent simpler 2D problem.

Uploaded by

Aryce_
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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c Indian Academy of Sciences

Sadhana Vol. 36, Part 6, December 2011, pp. 971975. 

An extension of Mangler transformation to a 3-D problem


J DEY1, and A VASUDEVA MURTHY2
1 Department

of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science,


Bangalore 560012, India
2 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Chikkabommasandra, GKVK Post,
Bangalore 560065, India
e-mail: [email protected]
MS received 29 October 2010; accepted 19 August 2011
Abstract. Considering the linearized boundary layer equations for threedimensional disturbances, a Mangler type transformation is used to reduce this case
to an equivalent two-dimensional one.
Keywords.

Boundary layer; three-dimensional; Mangler transformation.

1. Introduction
The Mangler transformation reduces an axisymmetric laminar boundary layer on a body of revolution to an equivalent planar boundary layer flow (Schlichting 1968). This transformation is also
useful in turbulent boundary layer flow over a body of revolution (Cebeci & Bradshaw 1968).
Another application of this transformation is in the reduction of a laterally strained boundary
layer to the Blasius flow (Ramesh et al 1997). In this case the span-wise velocity is zero along
a streamline but its non-zero span-wise gradient appears as a source/sink term in the contunuity
equation (Schlichting 1968). In this paper, we show that a Mangler type transformation can
reduce a specific three-dimensional flow considered here to an equivalent two-dimensional case.

2. Analysis
Let u , v and w denote the non-dimensional velocity components in the non-dimensional
x, y and z directions, respectively. u 0 and v0 will denote the Blasius velocity components. The
governing equations considered here are the linearized boundary layer equations for two- and
three-diemnsional disturbances of Libby & Fox (1964) and Luchini (1996). These authors perturbed the Blasius boundary layer as: u = u 0 (x, y) + u 1 (x, y)ex p(iz), v = v0 (x, y) +
v1 (x, y)ex p(iz), w = w1 (x, y)ex p(iz); for 2-D flow (z = 0, w = 0), u 1 = u, v1 = v. We
first consider the two-dimensional case.

For correspondence

971

972

J Dey and A Vasudeva Murthy

2.1 2-D Case


In this case, the governing boundary layer equations are (Libby & Fox 1964),
u
v
+
= 0,
x
y
uo

u
u
u o
u o
2u
+ v0
+u
+v
= 2.
x
y
x
y
y

(1)

(2)

The boundary conditions are: u(x, 0) = v(x, 0) = u(x, ) = (x, ) = 0. The Blasius
boundary layer equations are,
u o
vo
+
= 0,
(3)
x
y
uo

u o
u o
2uo
,
+ vo
=
x
y
y2

(4)

along with the boundary conditions, u 0 (y = 0) = v0 (y = 0) = 0, u 0 (y ) 1.


Adding and subtracting the quantity u/x in the continuity eq. (1), we have
u
v
u
u
+
+ = 0.
x
y
x
x

(5)

Consider the Mangler transformation,


x3
, Y = yx, u(x, y) U (X, Y ),
3


1  yu o
1  yu
+ v , u o (x, y) Uo (X, Y ), Vo =
+ vo .
V (X, Y ) =
x x
x x
X=

(6)

The usual Mangler variables are X, Y, U and V . The variables Uo and Vo are additional here.
The boundary layer equations for an axi-symmetric body of radius r differ from those for two)
(vr )
dimensional flows by the term (u/r )(dr/d x) in the continuity equation, (ur
= 0;
x + y
for r = x, the term (u/r )(dr/d x) becomes u/x, which acts as a source term in the continuity
equation.
In terms of the variables in (6), the governing equations (1)(4) become,
U
V
U
+

= 0,
X
Y
3X
Uo

U
U
Uo
Uo
2U
,
+ Vo
+U
+V
=
X
Y
X
Y
Y 2
Uo
Vo
Uo
+

= 0,
X
Y
3X
Uo

respectively.

Uo
Uo
2 Uo
,
+ Vo
=
X
Y
Y 2

(7)

(8)
(9)

(10)

An extension of Mangler transformation to a 3-D problem

973

The mean flow continuity


eq. (9) now has an artificial sink term Uo /3X . However, the simi
larity variables = Y/ 3X , Uo = f  () reduce the mean flow to the Blasius one; here, a prime
denotes the derivative with respect to . (This may be an interesting application of the Mangler
transformation to the Blasius flow.)
In terms of the variables,
U = 3XU1 (X, Y ), V = 3X V1 (X, Y ),

(11)

equations (7) and (8) become


U1
V1
2U1
+
+
= 0,
X
Y
3X


2 U1
U1
U1 Uo U1
Uo
Uo
=
,
+ Vo
+
+ U1
+ V1
Uo
X
Y
X
X
Y
Y 2

(12)
(13)

respectively.
2.2 3-D Case
The governing boundary layer equations in this case are the linearized disturbance equations of
Luchini (1996; his equations 7ac),
u
v
+
+ w = 0,
x
y
uo

(14)

u
u
u o
u o
2u
+ v0
+u
+v
= 2,
x
y
x
y
y

(15)

w
w
2w
.
+ vo
=
x
y
y2

(16)

uo

(i in Luchinis eq. (7a) is eliminated by taking u 1 = iu, v1 = iv, w = w1 ). The boudary


conditions are: u(x, 0) = v(x, 0) = w(x, 0) = u(x, ) = w(x, ) = 0. The third equation is
the span-wise disturbance equation.
As in eq. (5), adding and subtracting the quantity u/x in the continuity equation (14), we have
u
v
u
u
+
+ + w = 0.
x
y
x
x

(17)

We consider the Mangler type transformation (6), along with an additional variable W , below
x3
, Y = yx, u(x, y) U (X, Y ), V (X, Y ) =
3
u
1 
, u o (x, y) Uo (X, Y ), Vo =
W (X, Y ) = 2 w
x
x
X=


1  yu
+v
x x

1  yu o
+ vo .
x x

(18)

This additional variable W is to relate the span-wise velocity component, w, to the stream-wise
velocity component, u, as discussed below. In terms of these variables, the disturbance equations
(14), (15) and (16) are,
U
V
+
+ W = 0,
(19)
X
Y

974

J Dey and A Vasudeva Murthy


Uo

U
U
Uo
Uo
2U
,
+ Vo
+U
+V
=
X
Y
X
Y
Y 2



W
W
U
U
2U
UUo
2W
+ Uo
+
,
+ Vo

+ Vo
= 3X
2Uo W + 3X Uo
X
Y
X
3X
Y
Y 2
Y 2

(20)

(21)

respectively.
Following Squire (1933), we add (20) and (21) to obtain




W
W
U
U
+ 2 Uo
2Uo W + 3X Uo
+ Vo
+ Vo
X
Y
X
Y
UUo
2U
Uo
Uo
2W
+
2
.
(22)
+U
+V
= 3X
3X
X
Y
Y 2
Y 2
In terms of the variables in (11), the continuity equation (19) and the momentum equation
(22) become,

V1 U1
W
U1
+
+
+
= 0,
X
Y
X
3X


W
W
U1 Uo U1
U1
U1 Uo
2Uo W
+ Vo

+
+ 2 Uo
+
+ Vo
Uo
X
Y
3X
3X
X
X
Y
+ U1

Uo
Uo
2 U1
2W
+2
,
+ V1
=
2
X
Y
Y
Y 2

(23)

(24)

respectively.
By letting W = aU1 the disturbance equations (23) and (24) become,
U1
V1
(3 + a)U1
+
+
= 0,
X
Y
3X


2 U1
U1
U1
Uo
Uo
(2a + 5) Uo U1
1
U1
=
,
+ Vo
+
+
+ V1
Uo
X
Y
3(2 + a) X
(2 + a)
X
Y
Y 2

(25)

(26)

respectively. Comparing these with the two-dimensional equations (12) and (13), we find them
similar. We may note that the span-wise velocity component, w, is w=(1+a)u/x. For a = 1,
w=0, equations (25) and (26) are exactly the same as (12) and (13), as it should be. Also, u/x
( w) acts as a source term in the continuity eq. (14). Thus enabling the use of the Mangler type
transformation.
By letting U1 = X N g  (), and satisfying the continuity equation (25), the similarity form of
(26) is readily obtained as,




(5 + 2a)
f g 
g f 
3N

 (7 + a)
 
f g 3N +
= 0.
(27)
g +
+
+ gf
+
2
2
2(2 + a) (2 + a)
(2 + a)
In terms of the similarity variables, the perturbed velocity components are: u
3N x 3(N +1) g  , w = (1 + a)u/x.

An extension of Mangler transformation to a 3-D problem

975

For both (i) a = 1, N = 4/3 and (ii) a = 8/3, N = 1/2, eq. (27) reduces to the
two-dimensional equation of Libby & Fox (1964)
g  +

f g 
g f 
+
+ f  g  g f  = 0.
2
2

(28)

The solution (Libby & Fox 1964) of this equation is g = f f  . The first case of w = 0
(a = 1) is obvious. In the second case, the perturbed velocities are: u = 31/2 x 3/2 g  , and
w = (5/3)(x/3)1/2 g  . That is, the proposed Mangler type transformation (18) could reduce
the three-dimensional problem considered here to a two-dimensional equivalent one.
3. Conclusion
A three-dimensional boundary layer flow is considered here. A Mangler type of transformation
is proposed to reduce this flow to an equivalent two-dimensional one. This reduction has been
possible by relating the span-wise velocity component to the stream-wise velocity component
leading to an equivalent source term in the continuity equation.
References
Cebeci T, Bradshaw P 1968 Momentum transfer in boundary layers. Hemisphere, p 112
Libby P A, Fox H 1964 Some perturbation solutions in laminar boundary-layer theory, J. Fluid Mech.
17: 433
Luchini P 1996 Reynolds-number-independent instability of the boundary layer over a flat pate, J. Fluid
Mech. 327: 101
Ramesh O N, Dey J, Prabhu A 1997 Transformation of a laterally diverging boundary layer flow to a
two-dimensional boundary layer flow, Zeit. Angew. Math. Phys 48: 694
Schlichting H 1968 Boundary layer theory. McGraw Hill, p 605
Squire H B 1933 On the stability of three-dimensional disturbances of viscous fluid flow between parallel
walls, Proc. Royal Soc. London A 142: 621629

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