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Matrices Exercise PDF

1. The document provides instructions on how to perform various matrix operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and inversion of matrices. It also includes examples of finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, proving various properties of matrices, and solving systems of linear equations using matrices. 2. Matrices of various sizes containing numbers, variables, trigonometric functions, and identities are given throughout with accompanying tasks to operate on them or prove statements about them. 3. Systems of linear equations, both homogeneous and non-homogeneous, are presented in various forms including standard form and augmented form to be solved using matrices.

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Chai Usajai Usajai
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© © All Rights Reserved
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331 views4 pages

Matrices Exercise PDF

1. The document provides instructions on how to perform various matrix operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and inversion of matrices. It also includes examples of finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, proving various properties of matrices, and solving systems of linear equations using matrices. 2. Matrices of various sizes containing numbers, variables, trigonometric functions, and identities are given throughout with accompanying tasks to operate on them or prove statements about them. 3. Systems of linear equations, both homogeneous and non-homogeneous, are presented in various forms including standard form and augmented form to be solved using matrices.

Uploaded by

Chai Usajai Usajai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrices

1.

If

2.

Evaluate
(i)

3 1 0

and B = 6 2 1 , find A + B, A B, B A, AB and BA .


1 1 2

2 1 2

A = 3 5 7
1 0 1

2 1 0 1

3 4 2 1

2 1 1


6 0 4

(ii)

4 0

(iii) ( 2 1 0 ) 0 2
1 1

1 2
and A =
,
3 1

3.

Give () = 2 5 + 32

4.

cos sin
Show that A() =

sin cos

4 2 1 0
(iv)

.
3 1 0 1

14 2
prove that (A) =
.
3 14

then A() A() = A( + ), and give a geometrical interpretation of

this result.
1 1 0

A = 0 1 1 ,
0 0 1

5.

If

prove that

6.

Prove that P2 = P if P is :

1 n

An = 0 1
0 0

n (n 1)
2

n
.

(i)

25 20

30 24

(ii)

26 18 27

15
21
21
12
8
13

7.

a sin
cos
If K = 1 sin cos

8.

Comment on the following argument :

1 0 0

(iii) 0 1 0 .
0 0 0

a sin n
cos n
, prove by induction that Kn = 1 sin n cos n .

3 x + 4 y = 1 3 4 x 1
8 4 3 4 x 8 4 1
0 4

=
=

6 x + 8 y = 3 6 8 y 3
6 3 6 8 y 6 3 3
0 3

9.

0 = 4 = 3.

Find all the 2 2 matrices X which satisfy the equation x2 4x + 3I = 0, I being the unit matrix
and 0 the null matrix.

10.

If A and B are square matrices satisfying the equation A2 = B , show that A and B commute.
1 1 0

Hence find matrices A such that A = 0 1 0 .


2 0 1

-1

2 2 1

if A = 3 1 5 .
3 2 3

11.

Find A

12.

In Number 11, find (A + A)-1 and

13.

Show that if A and B are non-singular matrices of the same order, (AB)-1 = B-1A-1.

14.

The 2 2 matrices 1, 2, 3 , I are defined by :

A-1 + A-1 . Are they equal ?

0 i
2 =

i 0

0 1
1 =

1 0

1 0
1 =

0 1

1 0
I=

0 1

where

i2 = 1 .

Prove that:
(i)

12 = 22 = 32 = I

(ii)

1 2 = 2 1 =

i 3 ,

2 3 = 32 =

Show also that, if is a real number,

I+

(i1)

n =1

15.

A matrix A is said to be idempotent if

i 1 ,

is the n n identity matrix

A2 = A . Prove that, if In

and

A is any n n idempotent matrix, then

(i)

(In A) is idempotent .

(ii)

If

i 2

= I cos + i1 sin .

n!

A is non-singular, then A = In .

Show that every 2 2 idempotent matrix, different from I


where p, q, r
16.

3 1 = 13 =

q
r

,
r 1 p

and 0 , is of the form

satisfy p(1 p) = qr .

a b
If X =

c d

is any 2 2 matrix with complex elements, write down X2

and show that if

X2 + pX + qI = 0 , where p, q are complex, then either


(i) X has trace p and determinant q,
or

(ii)

X = I,

where is a root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0.

(The trace of a square matrix is the sum of the elements in its leading diagonal. I is the unit matrix and
0 is the zero matrix. )
17.

If

1 2
A=
, find a matrix B , of the form
4 1

1 1

such that B-1AB

Hence, or otherwise, express An , where n is a positive integer, in the form of a


18.

If

cos sin
S=

sin cos

and A is a 2 2

show that B = SAS is diagonal if

tan 2 =

is a diagonal matrix.
2 2 matrix.

symmetric matrix with element aik ,

2a 12
a 11 a 22

Verify that

Tr B = Tr A .

19.

If

x1

x2
x
3

is a constant and x a vector

which make

a 11

Ax = x , where A = a 21
a
31

a 12
a 22
a 32

a 13

a 23 ,
a 33

3 - 2(a11 + a22 + a33) + (A11 + A22 + A33) - |A| = 0,

show that

where Ars is the co-factor of ars


0 1
1

is A = 0 1 0
1 0 1

Find the values of

in |A| .

and find the vector x corresponding to the largest

value of .
20.

If

r s

s r

A is the matrix

Prove by induction on n, that

22.

2s An = n A - n I

n = (r + s) (r s)

and

n = (r s) (r + s)n (r + s) (r s)n

Prove that if A is skew-symmetric

If

S=

A2 = A - I,

(i.e. A = AT ), then

(I A )(I + A)-1

is orthogonal.

I + A is non-singular. )

1
2
1

1 3
P=

3 1

and such that

( n = 2, 3, )

where

(assuming that

2 2 unit matrix.

where I is the

21.

, where s 0 , find numbers

2 , show that S is an orthogonal matrix ( SS = I ). Hence show that if


1

then SPS is a diagonal matrix.

23.

Verify that S =

24.

1

2

3
If X =
2
0

1 1 i

is an unitary matrix
2 i 1

3
2
1
2
0

and

2
3
P=
2
0

3
2
1
2
0

( A' A = I ) .

prove that P-1XP is a diagonal matrix and that X satisfies the equation X3 2X2 X + 2I = 0 ,
P

where I is the unit matrix.

25.

Find

-1

1 3 4

when A = 1 1 3 . Hence solve the system of equations :


5 1 1

26.

Solve

x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 4

(i) x 1 x 2 + 2 x 3 = 9
2x +
x3 = 6
1

27.

Solve

(ii)

(ii)

x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 4

x1 x 2 2x 3 + x 4 = 6

x 1 + 3x 2 = 4

2 x 1 2 x 2 = 6

x1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 0

+ x3 = 1
(iii) x 1

x 2 x 3 = 3

28.

x 1 4 x 2 = 2

2x1 + x 2 = 1

(iv)

2 x 1 + 5 x 2 + 3x 3 = 1

3x 1 + x 2 + 2 x 3 = 1
2x + 2x + x = 0
1
2
3

2x1 = 2

(iii) x 1 + 3x 2 = 1 .
4 x + 2 x = 3
1
2

Find a non-trivial solution for the equations


x2
x3
x1
a + + a + + a + = 0
1
2
3
x
x
x
2
3
1 +
+
=0
b + 1 b + 2 b + 3

29.

(ii)

x 1 + 3x 2 + 4 x 3 = h 1

x 1 x 2 + 3x 3 = h 2 .
5x + x + x = h
1
2
3
3

Discuss the solution of

where none of the denominators is zero .

x + a 2 y + a 4z = a

2
4
x + b y + b z = b , determining when the system has no solution, one solution,
x + c2 y + c4z = c

and infinitely many solutions.

30.

Find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the simultaneous equations
x + ay + a 2 z = 0

2
x + by + b z = 0

2
x + cy + c z = 0
x + y + z = 0

31.

Discuss the solution of

to have solutions other than

x = y = z = 0.

ax + by + z = 1

x + aby + z = b , determining when the system has no solution, and infinitely


x + by + az = 1

many solutions.

32.

Solve the following equations by matrix methods:

(i)

4 x 3y + z = 11

2 x + y 4z = 1
x + 2 y 2z = 1

(ii)

x + 5 y + 3z = 1

5x + y z = 2
x + 2y + z = 3

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