Scribd
Upload
141 views3 pages

Limit of Sequences 2 PDF

1. The document defines and investigates the behavior of several mathematical sequences. It examines limits of sequences, geometric sequences, bounded and monotonic sequences, and sequences defined by recursive relations. Several proofs are provided about the convergence or divergence of limits for the sequences. 2. One section proves that if a sequence {un} converges to a limit a, then a must be either 1, 2, or 3. It also shows that if the initial term u0 is greater than 3, then the sequence {un} will converge to 3 as n approaches infinity. 3. Another part of the document investigates a sequence {xn} defined by a recursive relation and shows that the sequences {an} and {bn}

Uploaded by

Chai Usajai Usajai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
141 views3 pages

Limit of Sequences 2 PDF

1. The document defines and investigates the behavior of several mathematical sequences. It examines limits of sequences, geometric sequences, bounded and monotonic sequences, and sequences defined by recursive relations. Several proofs are provided about the convergence or divergence of limits for the sequences. 2. One section proves that if a sequence {un} converges to a limit a, then a must be either 1, 2, or 3. It also shows that if the initial term u0 is greater than 3, then the sequence {un} will converge to 3 as n approaches infinity. 3. Another part of the document investigates a sequence {xn} defined by a recursive relation and shows that the sequences {an} and {bn}

Uploaded by

Chai Usajai Usajai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Limit of Sequences

1.

yn

Show that

and nyn

both tend to zero as n

-1

(1 + a) < (1 na)

Show that

is n is a positive integer,
n n

(1 + x )

and then prove that, if 0 < x < 1,


2.

The numbers of a sequence u0, u1, u2,

u n k + k u n 1 + u n 2 = 0
Prove that if

If

a>0

and

xn =
4.

n tends to infinity.

(n 2 , k 1).

and k > 1, then the unique value of

ab 2 + x n
a +1

such that

un

tends to a limit as

{xn}

defined by the formula

is an increasing bounded sequence and find its limit.


is defined by the relation xn+1 = xn2 2xn + 2

{xn}

Investigate the behaviour of

5.

as

and na < 1,

are given by the relation

0 < x1 < b, show that the sequence

The sequence

(a)

tends to 1

a>0

0 < y < 1.

1
.
k

n is

3.

u0 = 1

tends to infinity if

1 < x1 < 2

(b)

( n > 1).

in the cases

xn
x1 = 2

x1 > 2 .

(c)

Given that a0 = a1 sin2 = 2 cos and that an 2an+1 + an+2 sin2 = 0.


n

1
1

a r =

r =1
1 cos 1 + cos
n

Find an expression for

a1

and show that

6u n + 6
, n = 0, 1, 2,
2
u n + 11

6.

A sequence is defined by the formula


term u0 .

u n +1 =

and by the value of the initial

Prove that if un converges to a limit a , then a is either 1, 2, 3.

Show that, if u0 > 3, then

(i)

3 < un+1 < un

u n +1 3 9
<
u n 3 10

(ii)

and show that, when u0 > 3, then un 3 as n .


7.

If {xn} is defined by x0 = x ,
an = 2n xn ,

8.

bn =

If 0 < a1 < 3 and

2n x n
1+ xn

a n +1 =

x n +1 =

xn
1+ 1+ xn

(n = 0, 1, 2, ) and an , bn

are defined by

. Prove that {an} , {bn} both converge to the same limit.

12
, show that the sequences
1+ an

{a2n+1} and {a2n} are respectively

increasing and decreasing monotonically. Prove that the sequence an converges to the limit 3 .
9.

Positive numbers

u1, u2 , . are defined by

Prove that as n , un

tends to a limit

u1 = 3 ,

u n +1 = u n + 5 , (n = 0, 1, 2, )

a . Prove also that

0 < u 2 n +1 a <

1
(u1 a ) .
30 n

10.

Points P0(x0, y0) , P1(x1, y1) , , Pn(xn, yn)


xn+1 = 2xn + 3yn , yn+1 = xn + 2yn

are connected by the following relations :

x0 = 1,

y0 = 0 .

(i)

Find

a if the items of the sequence {zn} = {xn + ayn}

forms a geometric sequence.

(ii)

Find the limit of the gradient of the straight line OPn when

n .

(You may assume that the limit exists.)


an + 5
,
2a n
2

11.

The sequence a1, a2 , a3,

(3 5 )
5<
(2 5 )

2n

Prove that

12.

0 < a n +1

a n +1 =

is defined as a1 = 3 ,

2n 1

2
< 6
11

A sequence {rn} is defined as follows,

n > 0.

2n

and find

rn +1 +

r0 > 0 ,

lim a n .
n

1
= 2A ,
rn

A > 0.
is that A 1 . Is the condition that

Show that the condition that is necessary for the convergence of rn


A 1 sufficient for the convergence of rn ?
13.

Show that

n
sin
5

14.

Show that

1
1
1 + + ... +

2n 1
3

15.

Let {an}

be a sequence of positive numbers. Define

If

lim a n = , show that


n

Show
16.

If

1/ n

x1 = h , xn+1 = xn2 + k , where 0 < k <

1
4

lim
n

for n > 0 .

a n +1
= , then
an

lim n a n = .
n

1
lim1 + = e .
n
n

and h lies between the roots a , b of

Prove that a < xn+1 < xn < h and determine the limit of xn .

Define a sequence of numbers

x1, x2, by

x n +1 =

a < x n < x n 1 < ... < x 0 , provided that

Find the limit of

b n = (a 1a 2 ...a n )

lim b n = . Hence show that if

1 1/ n
(n!) = lim n1/ n = 1 , if it is given that
n n
n

Show that

18.

is divergent.

lim

x2 x + k = 0 .
17.

is divergent.

1
a
x n +
2
xn

a0.

x0 is positive and x0 >

a.

{xn} . Does {xn} converge if a < 0 ?

Given two real numbers

x1 and x2 . Let

xn =

x n 1 + x n 2
, n > 2.
2

Find the limit of the sequence xn as n tends to infinity.

19.

If

0<x<

, using the fact that


2

cos

x
x
x
cos 2 ... cos n =
2
2
2

Let > > 0 , the sequences {xn} , {yn}


x1 = , x 2 =

x 1 + y1
x + y n 1
,..., x n = n 1
2
2

sin x
x
2 n sin n
2

Prove that n is a positive integer, then

x
x
x
lim cos cos 2 ... cos n .
n
2
2
2

are defined by
y1 = , y 2 = x 2 y1 ,..., y n = x n y n 1

( 3 + 1) = a
n

2 2
.

cos 1

putting = cos x , show that the two sequences has the same limit

20.

, find

3 + b n for unique integer an , bn .

Further, prove that

21.

(a)

a n +2 = 2(a n +1 + a n ),

(b)

( 3 1)

(c)

3a n b n = ( 1)

(d)

lim

= ( 1)

n 1

(a

n 1

b n +2 = 2(b n +1 + b n ) ;
n

3 bn

2n ;

bn
= 3 .
an

For any sequence {an} of real number, it is known that if an 0,


and

lim a n = 0 ,then

lim

an
=1
sin a n

lim a 2 n = 0 .
n

. Evaluate
2

).

(a)

x
x
x
Let Pn = cos cos 2 ... cos n , where
2
2
2

(b)

Show that there exists no real number

(c)

Consider the differences of sin (n+2) x and sin (n+1)x , hence prove that lim sin nx = 0 if and

0<x<

lim lim Pn

x / 2 n

x such that cos nx tends to zero as n tends to infinity.


n

only if x = m for some integer m .


22.

Let x be a non-zero real number greater than -1 . Prove by induction that for any positive integer n
greater than 1, (1 + x)n > 1 + nx.
Let t be any fixed positive number.
(a)

Let t > 1. Show that

(b)

Putting

Consider the sequence

an = n t

t > 1.

t = 1 + xn and using (a) or otherwise, show that

Hence show that for t > 1 ,

1 < n t < 1+

t 1
n

for n > 2.

lim a n = 1 .
n

You might also like