G EK-14772A

INSTRUCTIONS

STATIC EXCITER-REGULATOR
EQUIPMENT
3S7501FS141

GEK-14772

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PAGE
3

........................................................

RECEIVING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE ..................................

Receiving and Handling ................................................
Storage ...............................................................
DESCRIPTION ...........................................................
Component Arrangement ...............................................
Static Magnetic Power Components and Power Rectifiers
Silicon Diode Fundamentals ............................................
Automatic Voltage Regulator ...........................................
Manual Voltage Regulator ..............................................
Control Equipment Operation ...........................................
CT and PT Burdens ...................................................

..................

i
3
:

a
a
11

INSTALLATION .........................................................
Location and Mounting .................................................
Connections ..........................................................
Polarity and Phase Rotation ............................................

11
11
11
11

INITIAL OPERATION, TEST, AND ADJUSTMENT ..........................

Control Circuits ......................................................
Static Exciter .........................................................
Gain Measurements ....................................................
System Self -Compensation
............................................
Under excited Reactive
Ampere Limit ...................................

11
11
11
13
13
13

MAINTENANCE .........................................................
PPT and SCTs ........................................................
Static Equipment ......................................................
Other Equipment ......................................................

16
16
17
17

RENEWAL PARTS .......................................................

17

TROUBLESHOOTING .....................................................

ia

These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment nor to
provide for every possible contingency to be met in connection with installation, operation
or maintenance. Should further information be desired or should particular problems
arise which are not covered sufficiently for the purchasers purposes. the matter should
be referred to the General Electric Company.

GEK-14772

STATIC EXCITER-REGULATOR EQUIPMENT

FOR GAS TURBINE PACKAGE POWER PLANT
INTRODUCTION
The silicon-controlled rectifier @CR) Static Exciter Regulator equipment performs its regulation and excitation function by monitoring AC machine line volt age and current and producing the proper excitation
conditions required by the machine.
The power potential transformer (PPT) and saturable
current transformers (XTs) are the main source of
power for the AC machine field; at no load all field
power is obtained from the PPT while both supply power
at full load with the SCTs supplying most of the power.
The power from these two units is rectified by the threephase full-wave bridge rectifier and then applied to the
field of the AC machine. The currents in the primaries
of the SCTs provide some inherent self-regulation.
Theorectically, this self -regulation should completely
compensate for load changes, however, AC machine
saturation, field heating, and other secondary effects
make it necessary to add more compensation. This
extra compensation is obtained by saturating the SCTs
with a DC control winding current. The amount of DC
required is obtained from the automatic regulator whose
input continuously monitors line current and voltage
when in the automatic mode operation. Also, a manual
control of the DC control winding is provided.

STORAGE
If the equipment is not to be used as soon as it is unpacked, it should be stored in a clean dry place and
protected from accidental damage. Particular care
should be exercised to avoid storing the equipment
in locations where construction wtrk is in progress.

DESCRIPTION
COMPONENT ARRANGEMENT
The static exciter-regulator
A.

Equipment mounted in the exciter compartment:

1. 3S7501FS
Rectifier assembly consisting
of a three:-&-&: full-wave bridge rectifier,
shunt, shaft voltage suppressor circuit and
Thyrite* resistors. This welded angle-fram?
assembly is floor mounted.
2. Three 44A-----Resistor assembleies (one
resistor in parallel with y SCT control
winding and one resistor in parallel with the
SCT suppression winding for each assembly.)

A reactive current compensator is included to permit

proper division of reactive current between paralleled
machines. Also included is a start-up circuit for field
flashing, voltage adjusters for local control of the automatic and manual regulators, field suppression relay
(when an optional AC machine field breaker is not used),
and other components to assure proper operation.
Refer to the diagrams provided with the equipment to
determine what material is included and what connections should be used. The diagrams shown in this
book are for illustrative purposes only; they are not
intended to apply to all installations.

consists of the following:

3. One floor-mounted three-phase power potential transformer.

This step-down transformer supplies power for the AC machine
field and the regulator.
4. Three floor-mounted single-phase saturable
current transformers.
These transformers
also supply power to the AC machine field.
5. Three single-phase linear reactors.
B. Equipment mounted in the control cab:
1. 3s7931-----Regulator panel which contains
local-control automatic regulator voltage adjuster, and regulator reset pushbutton.

RECEIVING, HANDLING
AND STORAGE
RECEIVING AND HANDLING
Immediately upon receipt, the equipment should be
carefully unpacked to avoid damaging the apparatus.
Particular care should be exercised to prevent small
parts being mislaid or thrown away in the packing
material.
As soon as the equipment is unpacked it should be examined for any damage that might have been sustained
in transit. If injury or rough handling is evident, a
damage claim shall be filed immediately with the transportation company and the nearest General Electric
Sales Office should be notified promptly.

2. 387932-----DC Control panel, which contains

start-up relay and circuit, field suppression
relay and local control DC regulator voltage
adjusters.
STATIC MAGNETIC POWER COMPONENTS AND
POWER RE-S
The power potential transformer (PPT) has its primary windings -e-connected
to the AC machine
terminals. The secondary of the power potential
transformer is connected to the power rectifier section through linear reactors as illustrated in Figure
1. Each saturable current transformer (SCT) primary is located in a line of the AC machine on the

*Registered trademark of General Electric Company, U. S. A.

GEK-14772

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

oVOLTAGE
REFERENCE

P?

SCR AMPLIF.
AND
STABILIZING
COMPONENTS
P Q

SECONDARIES

SC TS

LINEAR

PPT

REACTORS

Figure 1. Simplified Static Exciter-Regulator

neutral side. The secondary of each satuarable current transformer is connected from line to line of the
bridge rectifier . When the AC machine is oper sting
at no-load, the power potential transformer supplies
voltage to the three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier
so that a unidirectional voltage, VSE, is applied to the
field of the AC machine. Field voltage is controlled
by means of the saturable current trausformers.
The
exciting current of the saturable current transformers
is virtually proportional to the DC current, I , flowing
in their control windings. This exciting curr&t flows
from the PPT secondary through the linear reactors into the SCT secondaries. When I is increased, the
increased exciting current cause% increased voltage
drop across the linear reactors so that the input voltage
to the bridge rectifier and, consequently, the field
voltage is decreased. Thus, no-load terminal voltage
of the AC machine is controlled by the value of Ice

PRIMARP

System

The control windings of the SCT s are connected in

series. A resistor is connected across each control
winding to reduce the magnitude of the AC voltage
appearing across the control winding.
When the machine is supplying current to a load, the
SCT primaries carry the load current. This primary
current helps the secondary current excite the iron
core. Therefore, an increase in primary current
causes a decrease in secondary exciting current for
a given value of I . A decrease in secondary exciting
current decreased the voltage drop across the linear
reactors with the result that bridge rectifier input
voltage and field voltage are increased. The turns
ratios of the SCTs and the PPT end the reactance of
the linear reactors are selected so that this increase
in field voltage which accompanies an increase in load
current is approximately the increase necessary to
hold terminal voltage constant.

Static Exciter -Regula or Equipment

It is an object of the design to maintain required termmal voltage on the machine without requiring a change
in control current Ic.

GEK-14772

state, regardless of the lead or power factor, without

a change III regulator output.

Operation of the static magnetic power components

can be better understood by referring to the equivalent
circuit illustrated in Figure 2 where:
V - AC machine terminal voltage (referred to PPT
secondary).
XL- reactance of the linear reactor.
I - Load current (referred to SCT secondary).
R - resistance of the AC machine field (referred
to the AC side of the rectifier).
If - field current (on the AC side of the rectifier).
I m - is the magnetizing current of the saturable
current transformer (referred to SCT secondary).

Figure 2. Equivalent Circuit of Saturable C. T. Type

Static Exciter

magnetizing reactance of the SCT (referred to

xm - the secondary). This reactance decreases
with an increase in direct current from the
regulator.
From this equivalent circuit the field current at no
load is obtained from the AC machine terminal voltage
X shunts current away from the gent%?&i;
R% us providing control. Under load,
the load curreit, I, adds additional current, part of
which goes through the AC machine field R. This
equivalent circuit can be simplified by replacing the
circuit to the left of point 1 - 2 with an equivalent
voltage source and series impedance using Thevenins
theorem. The simplified equivalent circuit is shown
in Figure 3 0
Notice that the linear reactors shifts the phase of load
current so that the total voltage applied to X X
and R is V +j X I. This voltage is called th&xc&
input voltage. h e amount of field current required
by an AC machine for various steady state loads can
be approximated by using the simplified AC machine
equivalent circuit shown in Figure 4. In this Figure,
E represents an imaginary voltage generated by field
flux and is always proportional to field current. Xd
is the synchronous reactance, which produces the same
effect as armature reaction and armature leakage reactance, neglecting magnetic saturation effects. The
equation for the circuit in Figure 4 is--E = et+jXdI.
Since E is proportional to field current, this equation
shows the relative amount of field current which the
exciter must supply to the AC machine for various load
conditions. Notice that this equation has the same
form as the exciter input voltage equation shown m
Figure 3. If the value of the linear reactor XL and
the transformer ratios are selected so that V + jXL1
wifl be proportional to et + j X I then the exciter
will supply the proper amount df field current at a steady

Figure 3. Thevenins Equivalent of Figure 2

xd

Figure 4. Simplified AC machine Equivalent Circuit

GEK-14772

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

Due to various factors, such as AC machine field

heating and field saturation, and other minor effects,
it is necessary to trim this action of the PPT and SCTs
to provide the exact compensation for load changes.
This is accomplished by the automatic regulator or by
manually controlling the current in the saturating
windings by means of the manualregulator voltage
adjuster.
The suppression windings of the SCTs are connected
in series with a resistor across each winding. This
resistor, like the control winding resistor, reduces
the magnitude of the AC voltage appearing across the
suppression winding.
When relay 415 is de-energized its power contact
closes, applying power (usually 125 volts DC obtained
from the station battery) to the suppression windings.
The sequence of events that follows is the same as
that produced by the maximum current flowing through
the control windings, i.e., the exciting current increases causing and increased voltage drop across
the linear reactors, therefore reducing the input voltage to the bridge rectifier and consequently the field
voltage essentially to zero.
The three-phase bridge rectifier contains twelve cast
aluminum finned heat sinks with two diodes mounted
on each heat sink (one diode is the reverse polarity
type, i.e., the stud is the anode). The bridge is
convection air cooled. To insure adequate current
carrying capability, two parallel rectifier bridges are
furnished. No provisions for isolating one of the
bridges have been made.

Certain precautions must be taken when dealing with

circuits containing silicon rectifiers.
Brazing or
welding should not be attempted. If soldering is
necessary, something must be done to prevent the
heat from being conducted to the junction. Hipotting
should not be done without first shorting out the diodes,
Diodes being replaced must be screwed in with the
proper amount of torque.
I

One Cycle Of Line Voltage

Figure 5. Wave-form Across One Diode

When Oper sting Properly
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Automatic Regulator Component Fundamentals
Zener Diode
The current-voltage characteristic of a zener diode
is shown in Figure 6. A zener diode conducts current
at a constant voltage which is nearly independent of
the value of current. It is an open circuit for all
voltages less than its break-down voltage.

Each rectifier leg consists of two diodes in series

to provide sufficient margin for the peak inverse voltages which may appear. The potted block assembly
(PBA) connected across each diode will cause equal
division of the peak inverse voltages which may occur
due to power line transients.
The Thyrite resistor, shown in Figure 13, connected
across the rectifier bridge, protects the diodes from
high peak inverse voltages which may occur as a result of abnormal AC machine operation.
SILICON DIODE FUNDAMENTALS
Figure 5 is a sketch of the waveform across one diode
when it is operating properly. During the time interval tl - t , the diode is passing current and the
voltage acre %s it. is a small amount of forward drop,
approximately 1 to 1.5 volts. This forward drop
varies only slightly as the current changes and does
not change with age.

5. The peak of this voltage is equal to the peak of the

line-to-line voltage divided by the number of diodes
in the leg, If the diodes are dividing the reverse
voltage equally.
Figure 6. Current-voltage Characteristics
of a Zener Diode
6

Static Exe .ter -Regulator Equipment GE&14772

Saturable Reactor As a Firing Element

Figure 7 shows a simplified version of the SCR
circuit used in this regulator with its associated
firing reactor. The gate winding is connected between the sate and cathode of the SCR. while the reset wind& is connected to a DC source. During
the time that point A is positive with respect to B,
the gate winding accumulates enough volt-seconds
to saturate the reactor and fire the SCR. When A
is negative with respect to B. the flux in the reactor is reset to a value dictated by the amount of DC
current in the reset winding. Increasing and decreasing the reset current causes the SCR to fire
Iater or earlier in the positive half cycle of the
supply voltage. In this way the amount of current
through the load is dependent upon the amount of
reset or error signal current in the reset windings.
The saturable reactors not only fire the SCRs but
they also provide stabilization and positive feedback
for the system.
Operation
The signal PT monitors line voltage and feeds the
single-phase bridge whose output delivers a DC
signal which is proportional to the line voltage to
the comparison circuit. This signal, applied to a
voltage divider and reference zener diode branch
connected in parallel through the reset windings of
the saturable reactors, controls the firing signals for
the SCRs. The voltage divider is preset in the factory such that approximately 13 ma (this may vary
from 10 ma to 18 ma.) will flow through the reset
windings when the machine is working at its proper
voltage. If the line voltage increases, the reset current decreases, and likewise if the line voltage decreases the reset current increases. It must be emphasized at this point that current will flow through

N
c:2

gate wdg.

the reset windings in only one direction because of the

diode in series with these windings. To digress to the
old days, a buck signal decreases the reset current,
and boost signal increases the reset current.
The saturable reactors are used to provide the necessary gate pulses to fire the SCRs. Refer to Figure
13 in following this discussion. The SCR supply voltage
is obtained from one phase of the PPT secondary; it
is this voltage that is applied across the SCRs and
their associated firing networks. The firing network
for the ABCD SCR consists of a series combination of
A5R, A2SX1, and A6D with the gate of A2CD connected
between A9R and A2SXl. As the supply voltage increases in the positive direction APSXl accumulates
enough volt-seconds to saturate its core, and once the
core saturates, the voltage across all coils wound on
the A2SX core becomes zero. When this occurs, the
voltage across A2SXI becomes zero, therefore, causing the voltage across A9R to increase rapidly and fire
the ASCD SCR. When the supply voltage goes negative
the same sequence of events occurs for the AlCD SCR.
During the time A2CD is conducting, current flows
from A14 through the control windings to AU, through
the A2CD SCR and to the AlT supply transformer, from
the AlT supply transformer it then goes through A2D
and back to A14. The circuitry is so arranged that the
current flows through the control windings in the same
direction when either SCR fires. The average of these
current pulses is the DC that the SCT control windings
see.
The error signal current flowing through AlSX2 and
A2SX2 in the comparison circuit resets each core for
the next operation and dictates how many volt-seconds
will be needed to fire the SCRs. If the error signal
increases, the amount of reset for each SCR is greater, therefore, more volt-seconds are needed to saturate
AlSX and A2SX. Since more volt-seconds are needed,
the SCRs fire later in each half cycle, allowing current
to flow through the control windings for a shorter period
of time; hence, less DC current flows inthe control
windings. To become more familiar with this operation
lets take the case in which the generator line voltage increases. The sequence of events at no-load is as
follows:
1. PT output increases
2. DC output of bridge increases
3. Error signal current through AlSX2 and
A25X2 decreases (less reset flux in each core)
4. SCRs fire earlier in each half-cycle of the
supply voltage and conducts longer
5. DC current through the SCT control windings
increases
6. Current through SCT secondary increases
7. Drop across reactor increases
8. Excitation decreases
9. Generator line voltage decreases

Figure 7. Simplified Version of SCR Circuit

GEK-14772

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

Other windings on the saturable firing reactor are

AlSX3, A2SX3, AlSX4, and A2SX4. The AlSX3 and
A2SX3 windings are wired in series with a linear
reactor and potentiometer; together these items make
up the positive feedback network used to increase the
gain. Remaining are the AlSE4 and A2SX4 windings
used for rate feedback stabilization end AlSX5 and
A2SX5 used with the URAL panel. All windings are
wound on the two saturable reactors AlS2S and A2SX.
During the time that each SCR is not conducting,
diodes A5D and A2D along with resistors A8R and A7R
protect the SCRs from reverse voltages. The diodes
appear as very high impedances when their associated
SCRs are not conducting, Thus, most of the reverse
voltage is across the diode and not the SCRs.
Before each unit is shipped for the factory, gain
curves are taken, and potentiometers are checked
and set.
Figures 8a and 8b indicate typical curves obtained
from the SCR units prior to smpment.
Reactive Current Compensator (RCC)
Although the RCC potentiometer is always furnished,
the signal CT may not be present. Any reference to
the RCC assumes the signal CT is present.
The RCC is used to apportion reactive kva and to prevent circulating reactive current between AC machines
when two or more machines with individual regulators
are operating in parallel. As shown in Figure 9, a
potentiometer is connected in series with the secondary
of the signal potential transformer feeding the regulator averaging circuit. The potentiometer wiper
is connected to one side of a signal current transformer, the current transformer located in phase C.
The compensator will vary the regulator signal voltage mainly as a function of the machine reactive current. As the machine overexcited reactive current
increases, the voltage will be increased. As a result, the average single-phase signal voltage supplied
to the regulator will rise. Due to this higher voltage
signal, the regulator will act to reduce excitation,
thereby reducing the overexcited reactive current,
If the AC machine is operating in the underexcited
region, the compensator will decrease the average
single-phase voltage signal presented to the regulator
so that the regulator will act to increase the excitation
and decrease the underexcited reactive current. The
effect of the compensator can be increased by turning
the knob clockwise (in the direction of the arrow).
With five amps flowing in the signal CT secondary
and with all the resistance in, the total drop is ten
volts. It has been experimentally determined that
for proper VAR sharing, i.e. satisfactory apportionment of reactive EVA with a minimum number of adjustments, there should be 5-60/oimpedance between
the generator and the paralleling bus. Less than
5-a will require more frequent adjustments and
8

more thsn 5-e will cause excessive voltage droop at

the high voltage bus. For generators tied directly at
their buses, Er should be approximately 6.9 volts.
Since the signal current transformer and the signal
potential transformer have a common electrical connection, only one of the transformers or the common
connection may be grounded.
MANUALVOLTAGEREGULATOR
The manual voltage regulator consists of two rheostats
of which either rheostat, but not both, is in series
with the SCT control windings when operating under
manual control. One rheostat is for on-line control and the other for off-line control.
Operation
The series combination of rheostat and SCT control
windings is supplied from the exciter voltage. If the
DC exciter voltage rises above normal, the SCT control current will increase. This acts to return the
DC exciter voltage to normal. If the DC exciter
voltage decreases below normal, the SCT control
current will decrease, thereby, raising the exciter
voltage toward normal.
The on-line rheostat will be set to give a safe value
of control current to prevent the machine from pulling
out of step if there should be an automatic transfer
from automatic regulator to manual regulator.
This
setting will vary, depending upon customers needs
or preference and is capable of controlling the voltage
from no-load to I& of full-load. The off -line
rheostat will be set to give a value of control current
which will reduce the AC machine terminal voltage
when the AC machine is tripped off the line to a safe
value, which is usually line voltage, although there
may again be a customer preferred value other than
line voltage. These two rheostats are adjusted at
initial start-up and require no further adjustments
in subsequent start-ups. They are manually operated
and are mounted on the DC Control Panel.
CONTROL EQUIPMENT OPERATION
In the following paragraphs the components designated
with a double asterisk (**) indicates they are not furnished by the Communication and Control Devices
Department of General Electric Company. Some of
the components serve functions in other circuits of the
generating system but their functions discussed here
will only be in conjunction with the static exciterregulator. Refer to Figure 13 for the following paragraphs .
59** is the overvoltage relay. Its contact is in series
with time delay relay 2E** to automatically transfer
the regulator from automatic to manual mode. When
the excitation increases above a safe value, 59E** is
energized, closing its contact and energizing 2E**.
If the excitation remains at this unsafe value for more
than 30 seconds, 2E** seals itself m. Another 2E**
contact ~11 de-energize relay 83SR**, transferring

Static Exciter-Regulator

Signal Volts
from PTs

Equipment GEK-14772

115

VAC

Nominal Error Signal = lima

Error Signal In MA

Figure

(Sal

Comparison Circuit Output

PT And Supply Voltage Held Constant

Output
Amps
Nominal
Control
Current

.--

Nominal Error Signal In WA

Error Signal
In MA
Figure G-34Comparison Circuit Output
9

GEK-14772

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

8
c

SIGNAL
CT

TO LOAO

1
---%
Eo
*
+

SIGNAL
PT

w.1

N
IA

AVERAGING
CIRCUIT

1
TO REFERENCE a
COMPARlSON CIRCUIT

Figure 9. Reactive Current Compensator

the regulator from automatic to manual mode. To return the regulator from automatic mode, momentarily
depress the regulator reset pushbutton 43% deenergizing 2E**.
Field flashing is automatic and occurs when relay 41F
is energized, This energization results from the following sequence of contact action. 4Y is a time delay
master control auxiliary relay and is energized on
turbine start-up closing its contacts. Relay 94** is
only energized on normal shutdown of the system;
therefore, its contact remains in the normally closed
condition. Speed relay 14HSX** is not energized until
the AC machlne attains 95% speed; therefore, its contact remains closed. As the AC machine mcresses
speed, speed relay 14HAX** is energized at 49% speed
closing its contact. At this time all the contacts in
series are closed energizing 41F and flashing the field.
When the AC machine exceeds 95% speed, 14HSX**
is energized, opening the contact, de-energizing 4lF.
The start-up circuit resistance values are chosen to
allow a maximum of 15% of the no-load field current.
The panel is shipped with total circuit resistance which
will allow approximately 10% of no-load field current.
Resistor C3R may be adjusted for the 15% value, if
required.
The 83SR** transfer relays operation is controlled,
in addition to that by relays 59E** and 2E, by relays
10

94**, 52GX?* and 14HSY**. The 94** contact,

as in the flashing circuit, is normally closed. When the
AC machine exceeds 95% speed, speed relay 14HsT**
closes its contact, energizing the 83SR** circuit, thereby, putting the automatic regulator in service. The
52GX** in parallel with the 94** contact prevents the
regulator from being transferred to the manual mode
if the shutdown relay 94** is energized before the AC
machine line breaker is tripped.

4Y**,

41s is the field suppression relay. When de-energized,

its power contact closes, applying power to the SCT
suppression windings. With maximum current flowing
through the suppression windings, a large voltage drop
exists across the linear reactors such that the input
voltage to the bridge rectifier and consequently the AC
machine field is essentially zero. 41s is controlled by
speed relay 14HMX**, AC machine differential relay
86G** end transformer differential relay 86T**. When
the speed is above 29%, 86G** and 86T** contacts
control 41s; i.e., if either or both contacts should open
end lockout because of an AC machine or transformer
unbalance, 41s will be de-energized. The 14HMX**
contacts function is to Bnerglze 41s below 2% speed to
remove power from the SCT suppression winding. 41s
has two auxiliary contacts whxh aid in controlling the
close and trip circuits of the AC machine line breaker.

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

CT AND PT BURDENS
The regulator imposes a maximum burden of 50 voltamperes on the signal current transformer and 25
volt-amperes on the signal potential transformer 0 The
URAL (when furnished) imposes a maximum burden of
300 volt-amperes on the signal PT and 250 volt-amperes
on the signal CT.

INSTALLATION
LOCATION AND MOUNTING
The rectifier-reactor
assembly, resistor assemblies
PPT, and the SCTs are mounted in the AC machine
cab. They are convection cooled. All components
are floor mounted.
CONNECTIONS
Connections must be made in accordance with the
diagrams supplied with the equipment for each particular installation.
Care must be exercised to determine that the connections are correct to avoid damaging the equipment.
The size of the interconnecting wires for the regulator
and control panels and the rectifier -reactor assembly
(also the field breaker control circuit when applicable) is to be a minimum of #I4 wire. The minimum
size of the interconnecting cables for the rectifierreactor assembly will vary with the rating of the equipment and is shown on the rectifier-reactor
assembly
outline.
Care should be taken that the DC supply is connected
with the polarity shown. If reversed, the start-up
circuit blocking rectifier will prevent the start-up
current from flowing in the field circuit.
Instrument transformers, both current and potential,
should be connected as shown in the diagram. The
current transformer should be brought to the regulator
through a shorting device.
POLARITY AND PHASE ROTATION
When making connections to the static exciter-regulator, polarity should be carefully checked to make
certain that the connections are the same as those
shown on the elementary.
It is extremely important that the PPT and SCTs
are connected with the polarity-marked ends as shown
on the elementary. Failure to do so can cause damage
to the eo&pment or improper operation of the circuit.

GEK-14772

INITIAL OPERATION, TEST

AND ADJUSTMENT
CONTROL CIRCUITS
The following relays can be checked before operating
the AC machine. Upon application of the DC supply
voltage, relay 41s should immediately pick-up.
Placing a jumper across speed relay contact 14HSY**
will energize the transfer relay 83SR**.
Short 59E contact energizing 2E. Nothing else should
occur for 30 seconds after which a 2E** contact will
close and seal itself in (the 59E** contact can now be
released). Another ZE** contact will de-energize relay 83SR**. Depressing 43SR** will return the relays
to their former condition. Remove the 14HsrC* jumper and place it across speed relay contact 14HAX**.
41F relay should pick up.
STATIC EXCITER
Since the automatic regulator is automatically switched
into service immediately following start-up, the 83SR**
circuit must be disabled to prevent this so that the
off-line (90R5) and on-line (90R6) manual regulator
rheostats can be adjusted. The means used to accomplish this is optional but should allow for easy connecting and disconnecting for future tests.
.
As the AC machine begins rotating and the start-up
circuit is switched into operation, the exciter -volt age and AC machine voltage should build up to a
small percentage of rated voltage. If the voltage shows
no signs of building up, shutdown the equipment, turn
the off -line voltage adjuster rheostat 9OR5 clockwise,
to add some resistance and try again. It should be remembered that the field circuit is highly inductive,
and the build-up will be slow. Therefore, it is imperative that all adjustments be made in small increments until the operator becomes familiar with the
characteristics of the particular machine. Adding
too much resistance may cause the AC machine to
build up to too high a value. The final setting should
be noted for future start-ups.
Once the voltage has started to build up, it shouId be
possible to control it with 90R5. With the AC machine
operating at normal voltage, turn 90R5 clockwise.
This will increase the resistance in series with the
saturating winding and cause an increase in exciter
voltage and AC machine voltage. Turning 90R5 counterclockwise will have the opposite effect. The change in
exciter voltage and .4C machine voltage should be
smooth and easy to control.
C6R may be adjusted so there is sufficient range of
voltage control on 90R5. The adjustment of the online manual regulator circuit depends upon the AC
machine characteristics and customer requirements
and may involve trial and error.

11

GEK-14772

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

When finally adjusted, the values of C4R and C5R will

be such that maximum desired AC machine output will
occur with 90R6 at its maximum resistance position.
To accomplish
sistance of the
sistance of the
proper start-up

this, we must start with the total reon-line circuit equal to the total reoff-line circuit when 9OR5 is in its
position.

With some active load on the AC machine, adjust

90R6 until the AC machine is carrying the desired
reactive load.
If this is impossible to attain, shut down the equipment and increase the effective resistance of C4R
and C5R. Too much resistance will make it impossible to operate as low as might be desired.
Voltage Level
The automatic regulator is designed and transformer
ratios are selected to give a nominal signal voltage
of approximately 115 volts to the single-phase bridge
consisting of diodes A7D through AlOD. 90Rl (off line) end 90R2 (on-line) should provide adjustment
of at least 10% above and below nominal signal voltage. It is usually preferable to delay the final voltage
level adjustment until the reactive current compensator is adjusted, as it may appreciably alter the
signal voltage.
Automatic Control
The reactive current compensator (A6P) control knob
should be turned fully counterclockwise (minimum
affect). The URAL amplifier should be removed from
service by disconnecting the wire from terminal E8,
Figure 13.
With the AC machine operating at rated voltage, rated
speed, and disconnected from the line, and with 9OR4
(90Rl if Manual adjust used) in its midposition, take
whatever steps are necessary to energize 83SR**,
thereby causing the AC machine to be under the control of the automatic regulator. Watch carefully for
signs of instability since the system will be most unstable under these conditions. If the system is unstable, immediately de-energize 83SR**.
Attempt to obtain stable operation by adjusting rheostat A2P in series with capacitor AX (A2C actually
consists of five separate capacitors A2CA-A2CE.
Refer to the regulator panel connection diagram). Reduce the resistance to a value that is about 1% less
than the original value and again place the regulator
in control of the AC machine excitation. If the stability
still has not improved, repeat the preceding adjustment
using larger and smaller values of resistance. It
should be possible to stabilize the regulator by gradual
adjustment of this rheostat. However, if the regulator
1s still unstable after the full range of resistance has
been tried, the exciter stabilizer capacitors (AZCAh2CE) should be adjusted in the same manner as prevlouslg described.

When proper regulator operation has been secured,

optimum stability should be checked by the following
test and the necessary additional adjustments made,
With the regulator in control of the AC machine, adjust 9OR4 (9ORl if Manual adjust used) to hold AC
machine volts at approximately 9% or greater. Deenergize 83SR**, putting manual regulator back in
control of the AC machine.
When the AC machine is back at rated voltage and
steady, energize 83SR**. The AC machinevoltmeter
should overshoot only slightly before returning to
the new steady state value.

Before making any adjustments

in the stabilizer circuit, it is
necessary to transfer to manual
control when adjusting A2P or to
shut down the unit to adjust A2C.
The on line auto-regulator should be set to cause the
generator to go on line at a voltage higher than line
voltage in order to supply reactive power to the system. With the motor operated set point adjuster,
this is accomplished by setting 9ORl to some small
value to give a step change in voltage. With the manual set point adjuster, 9ORl should be set to hold rated
line voltage and 9OR2 to hold a voltage slightly higher
than rated.
If the signal PT voltage is other than 115 volts, it will
be necessary to adjust rheostat A3P and/or A4P to
bring the regulator back to a good operating range.
Failure to do this may result in the voltage adjuster
not having enough range.
When smooth control and the desired operation has
been obtained, the reactive current compensator potentiometer A6P can now be adjusted (turning clockwise) for the desired compensation for reactive current. Refer to the reactive current compensator circuit description under the section titled Automatic
Voltage Regulator as a guide for the setting of A6P
for optimum performance.
Final adjustment of the compensator can only be made
after consider able experience with the machine oper ating under control of the automatic regulator. It is
desirable to keep the amount of resistance used to the
minimum required for proper division of reactive kva
between machines to avoid excessive voltage regulation.
Adjustments may be made with the compensator current transformer energized. When making adjustments, the AC machine power factor should swing
toward unity as A6P resistance is increased.
Regulator Sensitivity and Voltage Regulation
Determination of AC machine voltage regulation witi.
the regulator in sermce is a difficult procedure under
usual operating conditions and one which will produce
only qualitative results. Since the regulator is adjusted at the factory to provide adequate sensitivity

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

for close regulation, this measurement is usually

unnecessary at the time of installation, and for this
reason no special test procedure is given, After the
equipment has been placed in service, it is possible
to obtain data which will provide a measure of voltage regulation, but results must be carefully interpreted to gain a reliable estimate of performance.
If the machine is connected to a system, the regulation will depend to a great extent upon the characteristics of this system. Regulation will also be considerably affected by the use and adjustment of compensators. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the regulator itself will be a malor factor affecting voltage
regulation.
GAIN MEASUREMENTS
The automatic regulator gain should be checked only
when it is thought that the system is not operating
properly. If the gain is to be checked, it will be necessary to use a laboratory type meter to measure
the change in voltage on the secondary of the PT; the
ratio of change in voltage across points Al4 and Al3
(See Figure 13) to the voltage change at the Pl! secondary is the gain of the SCR circuit. The voltage
across Al4 and A13 is the output of the SCR circuit.
SYSTEM SELF-COMPENSATION
It is necessary to determine the degree of self-compensation of this system to be certain that the linear reactors are set at the best taps. This can be done by measuring the value of current through the SCT control winding at no-load and at full load, rated power factor. The
degree-of-correction
(DOC) is the change in control current divided by the no-load value of control current. If
the control current decreases from no-load to full load
the system is under-compounded.
If the current increases, the system is over -compounded. Changing
the linear reactors to a higher reactance tap causes increased compensation, i. e., it tends to over-compound
the system. CHANGE TAPS ON ALL THREE REACTORS.
UNDEREXCITED REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT (If
Furmshed)
Limit Polarity
After satisfactory operation of the regulator has been
obtained, the reactive-ampere limit should be tested.
Reconnect the limit amplifier to the regulator, set
the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT POWER RECALIBRATION switch at zero and the REACTIVE AMPERE
LIMIT START dial at its highest numbered position.
83SR** should be disabled so that the regulator remains in Manual. Connect the test resistor furnished
loose with the URAL panel to terminals Al3 and Al4
of the automatic regulator. This resistor 1s necessary
in order for the regulator to supply enough current for
the SCRs to conduct properly. Connect a voltmeter
across Al3 and Al4 and adjust the automatic regulator
output for about 60 volts.

GEK-14772

With the machine carrying power load and some safe

value of underexcited reactive current, slowly turn the
REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial toward 0. At
same setting of the dial, the limit detector meter reading will go to 0 and increase in the opposite direction.
Limit signal-current will increase from 0 and the regulator output will decrease. If the limit-detector
current does not reverse before the dial has been turned
to zero, return the dial to the highest numbered position. Decrease the AC machine excitation to further
increase the underexcited current being careful not to
exceed the safe operating limit for the machine.
Again turn the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START
dial towards zero until the limit detector current is
10 ma. If the signal cannot be increased from zero by
turning the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial to
zero, the limit polarity may be reversed. Reverse the
primary connections of transformer E3T (Figure 13).
Repeat the test previously described to determine if
reverse limit-detector current can be obtained by
turning the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial
towards zero. THIS TEST MUST GIVE PROPER RESULTS BEFORE FURTHER TESTS ARE CONDUCTED.
If the limit signal-current had en initial value that
went to zero as the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START
dial setting was reduced, the input to the limit amplifier
must be reversed. If the regulator output increased,
the limit DC output is reversed. Reverse the connections between the limit amplifier and the first stage
amplifier of the automatic regulator. Repeat the previously described tests to obtain proper results.
With the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial so set
that the regulator output has been reduced slightly,
turn the POWER RECALIBRATION switch from point 0
toward point 9. If the AC machine is delivering power,
regulator output should decrease as the POWER RECALIBRATION switch is turned toward point 9.
Turn the POWER RECALIBRATION switch to 0. Readjust the regulator output to 60 volts with the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial. Before proceeding further with the test on the underexcited reactive limit circuit, it is necessary to check the polarity of the LIMIT stabilizing circuit. Carefully disconnect one of the exciter voltage stabilizing leads from
the LIMIT amplifier and short the stabilizing input
terminals on the LIMIT amplifier.
This should cause
the regulator output to decrease. Replacing the primary lead should cause the regulator output to increase.
Do not proceed with the underexcrted reactive-ampere
limit tests until the polarity of the limit stabilizer is
correct.
Turn the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial to
its highest reading. Readjust the regulator output to
60 volts with 90R4 (or 90R2). Operate the AC machine
at normal voltage and with underexcited reactive current. Remove the test resistor and then energize
83SR** so that the regulator transfers to automatic.
With 90R4 (or 90R2) readjust the output for the same
normal voltage and underexcited current. Slowly turn
the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial toward
zero. The regulator output should decrease end the
13

GEX-14772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

exciter voltage should increase causing the underreactive current to decrease. The dial setting
at which the uuderexcited reactive current starts to
decrease is the limit-start point.
If the operation is
not as described, immediately remove the regulator
from control of the AC machine excitation by disabling 83SR**. Repeat the limit polarity tests. Do
not proceed further until satisfactory operation is
obtained.

excited

With 83SR** energized, the test resistor disconnected,

and the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial at
the limit start point, observe the exciter voltmeter
and the AC machine ammeter for signs of oscillation.
If oscillations of the reactive current appear, remove
the automatic-regulator from control of the machine
excitation. Adjust the resistance in series with the
exciter LIMIT stabilizing capacitors in 15 percent
steps, first in the direction to decrease resistance
and then in the direction to increase resistance. After
each of these adjustments repeat the procedure for
putting the LIMIT in service as previously described,
being very careful to observe exciter voltage oscillation
and reactive-current oscillations. However, if the
LIMIT still is unstable after the full range of resistance has been tried, the exciter stabilizer capacitors on the LIMIT amplifier should be added and
disconnected one at a time, After each change the
resistance should be adjusted in the same manner as
previously described. Capacitors should be changed
only when the machine has no voltage on it.
NOTE
TEST RESISTOR MUST BE DISCONNECTEDBEFOREOPERATINGTHE
THE REGULATOR IN AUTO.
After stable operation of the LIMIT has been obtained,
check the LIMIT operation as follows with the regulator in control of AC machine excitation. Move
the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial to the
limit-start point. Record the reactive current. Decrease the underexcited reactive-ampere load on the
AC machine by operating the automatic-regulator
voltage adjuster to raise the voltage. The underexcited reactive current should decrease. It should
be possible to adjust the underexcited reactive current to any value lower than it was at the limit-start
point. Now increase the underexcited reactive current by turning the automatic -regulator voltage adjuster to lower the voltage, As the limit-start point
is passed, the exciter voltage should increase and it

14

should be impossible to raise the underexcited reactive current appreciably above the previously recorded value no matter how far the automatic-regulator voltage adjuster is turned in the direction to lower
voltage.
This completes the preliminary adjustment of the
LIMIT. Final adjustment can be made at any time.
Final Adjustment of The Underexcited Reactive-Ampere Limit
The final adjustment of the LIMIT may be made by use
of Figure 10 and 11, unless special calibration data
are supplied with the equipment.
The limit-start adjustment is determined from Figure 10. This graph shows the value of the machine
current-transformer
secondary underexcited reactive
current which will cause the LIMIT to operate as a
function of dial setting and normal AC machine potential-transformer
secondary voltage. Values of
voltages differing from those shown on the graph may
be easily interpolated. The Power-Recalibrating
Reactor adjustment is shown in Figure 11. This curve
shows the amount by which the limit-start point will be
reduced below the limit-start adjustment ae a function
of machine current-transformer
secondary active
Current
for various values of the tap-switch (EISW
9etting .
The two following examples are given to Illustrate the
method of setting the LIMIT.
EXAMPLE 1. It is required that the LIMIT should
start to function when the under excited reactive-cur rent input to the LIMIT reaches four amperes and that
the LIMIT action be independent of the power component of current. The normal voltage on the secondary of the AC machine potential transformers is
110 volts.
Figure 10 indicates that for an underexcited reactive
current of four amperes, the REACTIVE AMPERE
LIMIT START dial should be set at approximately
47. As can be seen from Figure 11, the tap switch
on the power-recalibrating reactor must be set on
tap 0. since the LIMIT action is to be independent of
the power component of current.
EXAMPLE 2. It is desired to have the LIMIT start
to function when the underexcited reactive-current input to the LIMIT reaches four amperes with zero
active amperes, and when the underexcited reactivecurrent input reaches three amperes with four active
amperes.

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

SENSITIVITY
RHEOSTAT
II YLAN coslTloll

ID

20

30
LIMIT-STMT

40
DIK

so

GEK-14772

(BIRH)

60

70

60

SLttlNQ

Figure 10. Calibration Curves For Reactive Ampere Limit Start Dial
Figure 10 indicates, that for an underexcited reactive
current of four amperes, the REACTIVE AMPERE
LIMIT START dial should be set at approximately 47.
This satisfies the requirement at zero active amperes.
Now, the number of reactive amperes necessary to
start the limit at four active amperes must be reduced
by one reactive ampere to obtain the desired power
recalibration.
Therefore, in Figure 11, a value of
one reactive -ampere recalibration of the LIMIT and
four active amperes to the LIMIT, indicates that tap
switch EISW should set at tap 4.
If desired, before making the final adjustment of the
LIMIT the calibration curves (Figure 10 and 11 may
be checked in the following manner.
Place Power - Recalibrating Reactor tap switch RISW
on tap 8. Place the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT
START dial at its highest scale position. Put the automatic regulator in control of the AC machine excitation. With the AC machine carrying some convenient
power load at about unity power factor, move the
REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial slowly toward
zero. At some position of the dial, the LIMIT will
start to operate. This position ~11 be that which
will just start to decrease the machine under-excited
reactive-current,
or increase the overexcited reactive current.
Determine the active and reactive amperes delivered
by the machme current transformer to the LIMIT.
Draw a vertical line from the active-ampere scale
point in Figure 11 to the curve for tap 8. Read the
corresponding reactive amperes recalibration of the
LIMIT. and the setting of the REACTIVE AMPERE
LIMIT START dial.

In Figure 10, use the dial setting and the proper AC

voltage curve to determine the value of underexcited
reactive current for which the LIhlIT is set. From
this value, subtract the reactive smperes recalibration. The result should be essentially equal to the
reactive amperes delivered to the limit if the test
has been carefully conducted.
Set the LIMIT adjustments to the points which sre
desired for final operation. If it is desired to check
the adjustments, the following procedure may be
followed.
Place the automatic regulator in control of the AC
machine excitation. Operate the machine at the
desired power load and at a reactive load which should
not cause LIMIT operation. Turn the automatic regulator voltage adjuster in the direction to lower voltage until the LIMIT prevents further reduction in machine overexcited reactive current, or increase in
under excited reactive current. Deter mine the value of
reactive current and active current supplied by the
machine current transformer to the LIMIT.
Knowing the AC machine voltage and the setting of
the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial, determine the underexcited reactive current setting from
Figure 10. Determine the underexcited reactive ampere recalibration from Figure 11. The result of
subtracting the value of underexcited reactive amperes read in Figtie 11 from the value of underexcited
reactive amperes read in Figure 10 will be essentially
equal to the value of underexcited reactive current to
the LIMIT at the limit-start point.

15

GEK-14772

Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

rp (61 ACTIVE

POWER
OJRRENT

(AMPERES

- SECONDARY

OF Cl)
SWITCH

POSItlOW

NO.9

2.3

NO.6

NO.7

/! ! -V! I

NO.6

NO.3

t i i ii i i

NO.2

Figure 11. Calibration of Reactive-Ampere

NORMAL OPERATION
General
The complete voltage-regulator equipment should be
placed in normal service with the AC machine only
after the control circuits, regulators, and the reactive current compensator have been properly tested
in general conformance with the previous described
instructions.
Final adjustment of these units may,
of course, be delayed until operating experience
has been obtained, but circuits which have not been
thoroughly tested must not be employed with the automatic regulator in service if the possibilitiee of
damage to the equipment and disturbance of the system
are to be avoided.
With the automatic regulator in control of the AC
machine excitation, the manual regulator voltage
adjuster 90R6 is ineffective.
However, additional
excitation system reliability may be secured by proper adjustment of 90R6 when the automatic regulator
is in control of a AC machine excitation.
For this purpose, it is recommended that a predetermined position be such that the AC machine
excitation will be sufficient under all normal loads,
give stable operation and avoid serious operating
16

Power Recalibration Limit Circuit

disturbances if the excitation system should be suddenly returned to manual control resulting in loss of the
automatic regulator. It is suggested that this voltage
adjuster position be selected so that when the excitation
system is under manual control, it will produce rated
AC machine current. It is essential that under any
sustained load condition, 90R0 must be set to maintain sufficient excitation in the event of a sudden return to manual control.
The automatic regulator may be removed from service
and the AC machine excitation returned to manual control under any load condition.
The proper adjustment of 90R5 is equally important
when transferring fro.m on-line to off-line condition
and vice versa to prevent excessive generator armature
voltages.

MAINTENANCE
PPTs end SCT!s
These devices normally require little or no maintenance. It is suggested, however, that the air passages
be inspected during shut down periods. Exposed connections should be inspected for corrosion and tightness.

Static Exciter -Regulator E iuipment

STATIC EQUIPMENT

GEE-14772

An oscilloscope may also be used to check for an open

diode.

If vibration is present, all screw type connections

should be checked regularly. Normally, the static
components should require no further attention.
OTHER EQUIPMENT
All contactors and relays should be regularly inspected
and maintained in accordance with applicable instructions. The automatic and manual regulator voltage adjuster contact brushes should be inspected annually and
the brushes should be reset by working them back and
forth across the total winding surface many times. If
arcing is present, or ff brush becomes worn, a complete brush assembly should be installed. Since it is
made of special material, it should be obtained from
the rheostat manufacturer. In addition, where discoloration is present, clean the contact surface with
crocus cloth.
Silicon diodes are used in the power circuit of the
static exciter. These diodes are not at this time known
to age; therefore, they are either good or should be
replaced. Individual diodes can be checked as shown
in Figure 12. With switch in position 1, the ammeter
should read approximately 12 amperes. With switch
in position 2, the ammeter should read zero. The
DC source should be a battery, rather than a rotaexciter, since the latter may have voltage spikes that
may damage the diode.
If the diode is open, the ammeter will read zero in
both switch positions. If the diode is shorted, it will
read approximately 12 amps in both switch positions.
Bad diodes can be found with the equipment in sertice
with a voltmeter and a clamp-on ammeter.

v&s

Figure 12. Diode Test Circuit

If it becomes necessary to replace a faulty diode, use
the following procedure:
1. Shut down the equipment.
2. Discharge all capacitors in the AC machine
field circuit.
3. Disconnect Ground Detecting relay.
4.

Remove diode.

5. Screw in new diode after first apply@ a small

amount of Wakefield type 120 thermal compound to
approximately the first three threads. Also apply
a little to the rectifier base. Refer to the manufacturers
specifications for the required mounting torque.

RENEWAL PARTS
When ordering renewal parts, the following
mation should be given.

infor-

The shorted diode can be found by measuring the inverse voltage across the diodes, since the shorted
diode will have no inverse voltage drop, and the other
diode in the leg will have all the inverse voltage drop.

1. Catalog number, stamped on the part, with a

complete description, including use and locatlon.

The leg contslning an open diode can be found by

clamping a clamp-on ammeter around one diode pigtail in each leg. Upon ascert&ning that an open diode
exists in a leg the faulty diode can be found by shorting
each individual diode in that leg. When current flows,
the open diode has been shorted.

3. If possible, data on original order on which

equipment was first supplied including all numerical
references.

2. Complete nameplate data appearing on the assembly of which the part is a component.

17

GEK-14772

Static Exciter-Regulator

Equipment

TROUBlESHOOTiNG
.
SYMPTOM

Insufficient
Voltage fails to build
up after flashing (Regulator
on Manual. )

Generator Armature
Voltage goes to ceiling
after flashing (Regulator
on Manual.)

Flashing Current

Generator Armature
Voltage goes to ceiling
(or higher than desired)
after transfer to Auto.

Generator unstable at
No-Load

Generator unstable
at Load but stable at
No-Load

18

Short C3R

Shorted Power Diode

Insufficient Resistance in off line control
Loose Connections

Replace Diode
Increase C6R and/or 90R5

Excessive resistance in 90R5,

C6R, SCT circuit.
Incorrect PPT Secondary
voltage
SCT control windings not
in the circuit

Decrease C6R or 90R5

Insufficient Reactance in XfLS

Generator Armature
Voltage goes to zero
after transfer to auto.

POSSIBLE CURE

POSSIBLE CAUSE

Incorrect Sensing Voltage

Incorrect Zener Voltage
Open Potentiometer X5P
Open diode Al 1D

Tighten ALL Power Circuit

Connections

Check to see that PPT is on

the correct tap.
Look for wiring error involving
SCT control windings. Check
contacts of 83SR**
Change Taps
Adjust A3P and A4P
Check Zener and replace if
necessary,
Check and replace if faulty.
Check and replace if faulty.

Incorrect sensing voltage

Incorrect Operation of 83SR
Incorrect Zener Voltage
Insufficient supply Voltage
to SCRs
Faulty SCR

Adjust
Check
Check
Check

Incorrect Stabilization
Feedback circuit connected
with wrong polarity
Excessive Gain

Adjust A2P, A5R and/or A2C

Swap leads to Al5 and Al6

Change in Gain caused

by Excessive Ambient
Change in Gain caused by
Phasing Error between
SCT and PPT

A3P and A4P

and adjust or replace
and replace if necessary
AlT

Check output of regulator with

Oscilloscope and replace the SCR
if faulty.

1 Increase Al P and/or A4R

Decrease Gain or Ambient
Temperature
Check control current as load is
changed. If approaches zero or
maximum, then check phasing of
PPT and SCT.

I-----

-e------J

(X3)

Figure 13 - Typical Elementary Diagrams of 3S7501FS141

Static Exciter Regulator Equipment
(Sheet 1 of 4)

ua
-

Figure

13 - Typical Elementary
Diagrams of 3S75OlFS141
Static Exciter Regulator
Equipment
(Sheet 2 of 4)

I-4
N

GEK- 14172 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

ZENER DIODE,
36 VOLT
I25 A,
440212755.004
TRAHSF04YER,
2,o VoLt
PRI.,
160 VOLT SEC.,
RECTIFIERS,
4402l2741-009,
C35E
SITRIBLE
REI\CTORS.
440219901-001
REACTOR,
3950504P11,
20 H.,
25 YA DC
9EICTOR
,,a2,06,5-001,
3.9 H.,
375 A DC
RHEOSTlt,
7, OH,
75 lATl
RESISTOR,
100 OH.
10 WTT
RES*S*OR,
4100 OH, 10 UTT
RESISTOR.
10,ooll
OH,
10 MT1
RESISTOR,
22 000 OH,
IO lAT1
RESISTOR
I do0 OH
10 .ATT
RESISTOR:
do
OH,
lo *ATT
RESISTOR,
200 OH,
20 WATT
RESTSTOR,
1,200
OH,
20 lTT
POTENTIOYETER,
5000 OH,
50 VATT
POTEHTIOUETER,
IO 000 OHY, 50 lATT
POTENTIOYETER,
254 OH,
25 WATT
POTENTIOMETER,
250 OH,
25 UTT
POTEHTrnYETER,
75 OH,
25 ATT
POTENT~OOYETER,
2 OH,
75 #ATT
CIPACITOR,
50 PD.,
600 WDC
CAPACrrOR,
IO YPD.,
600 lOC
CAPACITOR,
20 YFB.,
600 *DC
RECffFIER,
IN1697
RECTTPIER,
II 12os*
REICTOR,
,,S219991-PO,,
I.5 H.,
200
PS0TrON,
CRIO4A0IOZ
440209431
44820,157

440,,40,5-00

DC

RECTIFIER,
490,
PI,
3 IUPS
DC, ,J*,,,EY,*D,
TRANSPORYER,
*IABLE,
I I%,
INPUT,
o-10.
OUTPUT,
SO,60 CYCLE
TRAWSFORUER,
IIW,
PRI.,
II,,.
SEC.,
075 WA,
50/60
CYCLE
C*P*EImR.
I PD.
600 WDC
YFD
600 DC
R
sdoo OHS,
50 mm
-u-d
ADO
0 WDC
ER, 130~.
PRI.,
w2/69/3,
SEE.,
100w
O/60
CYCLE
EICTOR.
2.5 HENRIES.
LSX16585

ASTEA

22

EYCTTER

E IS0
:AY2*

EVR
E IC,EZC
::
I-E3Cg

RESISTOR,
4ESISTOR,
RESISTOR.
4EfTSTOR,
CAPACITOR,
CAPACIIOR,
CAPACITOR,

47 OHYS,
510 OHYS,
390 OHUS
,OOJ OHYS,
o.,
WI.
30 IIFD,
500
YFD,

20 WTTS
95 IATTS
ES \1*ns
95 **rrs
2000 DE
600
250 lDC
Iwc

:;;2;gc3

C*P*CITOR IO PD 600 DC
PorrNrmuhER,
sod OHUS, 50 #AlTS, lIRE SOUND

E3Pi

POmtTIOUETES,
POTENTlOYETER,
POTENTIOUETER,
POTENTIOYETER
VCTIFIER,
3d,
RECTIFIER,
s!,
SECTIPIER,
490,

:::

2500 OHMS,
50 w*ns,
rlRE
lOUNO
300 OHUS,
50 1ATTS,
lfRE
IOUND
150 OHMS,
5C "ATTS,
*IRE
MUNO
IOK OHUS,
50 *ATiS,
"IRE
YO"ILD
PI,
I.25
*UPS IX,
6RSZIPD61CF
PI,
1.25 &UPS DC, 6RS25PDI*DFI
PI,
3 AMPS OC, *J*4IlESl*Dl

RELAY

DEL*

TIUER

AY.

UASTER

COWTROL

,,HAX

PICKUP

LT

50% SPEED,

DROPOT

AT

,4Hux

PICKUP

AT

20% SPEED,

DROPOUT

AT 2% SPEED

I%

PICKUP
4, 95% SPEED,
NORUAL TRW
SPEED it CUTS OFF PVC.
IUYEDIATE
ON ELlEROEHCY TRIP.
IT

TO 2E

I,%

PZCKUP

OENERATOR

bDEROLTAGE
BREAKER

520x

OENERATOR

59E

0EROLTAOE

9,s

RELAY

210

SPEED,

DROPOUT

25% SPEED

*T

AT 75%
DROWUT
90%

SPEED

RELAY

4XILllRY

RELlY

RELlY

96c

GENERLTOR

am

TRANSFORUEP

DIFFERENTIAL

RUlY

94

PICKVP

ON bORY*L

9354

OLTNX

RECUUTOR

TP USED

INSTRWENT
TRAHSFORYERS
ARE SHoN
COHHECTED
FOR PHlSE
SEQUENCE
1-2-3.
IF OENERATOR
15
;;W,~
PHASE SEQUENCE,
REVERSE CT SECONDARY

DIFFERENTlAL

RELAY

SHUTWIN
CONTROL

- TRIHSFER

REUY

-lEL

cl3

YorFRNTSHED

H.S.

INDICATES
EIT
smx.

ST0

INDICAlES

CdSTOYERS

Figure 13 - Typical Elementary Diagrams of 3S7501FS141

Static Exciter Regulator Equipment
(Sheet 4 of 4)

22

RELAY-TIYE

OLTAOE

2EX

i12OHI*DI

10 POSITION
TAP SlITCH
RESTSTOR,
200 OHYS,
I30 UATTS
RESISTOR,
9.6 OHMS
RESISTOR,
io,ooo
OHYS,
95 I*TTS
RESISTOR,
20
246 000
owa, OHYS04 95
IITTS SLTTS

CONTROL

O.E.

co..

I*YNESsoRO

ENP OF RECTrFIER
?ER*N*L

CONNECTED
SQARP

TO

CONnECTION

NOTES

ALABAZUA
t
Blrminghpm
35205 . .
2151 Hlghlwd
Aw.
Mobtle
38808.
. 1111 S.Beltlhe
HIghway
*t
:

LoulSlMA
+
t

BaWn ROU@ 7OaO5.

Sew Orle#.s
70125.
Shreveport
71104
Mmroe
11201
. . .

*t
.r

ALASKA
t

Anckwpse

99601.

. . . 115 Whttnay

PkcmnlX
Tucmn

ARKANSAS
+
Jorti
cAL1FatNIA
t
t
t
t
t
.
f
.

85012
BS718.

Llttla

. .
3550 N. Central
. . . . : : .151 S.Tuc~n

Rack

72119.

LOI Ax&es
90054
Palo Alto 91303 . .
sacrnmenm
95808..
98,. DleSo 92105 . .
San mnct8cO
Mll9.
Vernon 90068.
. .

COLORADD
Denwr
*t

80200.

CONNECTICUT
-+
Marlden

. . . .lZO

. . .
. . .
.
. . .
.
. .

Ave.
Bld.

MaIn

. .

St.

. , .211 N. VLE,,.,
St.
960 EM Anwnto
Rd.
. . . .
2407 J St.
. . . 2560 First
AM.
. . 53 mtinrne
. . 3055 E. 44tk

St.
St.

. . . . . 201 Unlverslty

06450.

. . .

Blvd.

1 Prestige

Dr.

FLORIDA
tr
+t
T
r

Jacksontitle
32203
. . . 4WO W.,Od,c.k
Dr.
Yiami
33134
. . .
. . 4100 W. FL%gler St.
Tampa
33609..
. . . .
2100 9. Lo,8 Ave.

GEORGIA
*t
t
tt

Atlanta
30309.
Sam31405

HAWAII
*+
t

HoMlulu

ILLINOIS
* t f X CklcaSo

.1860 PePcktrea
Rd.,
.
. . .5092 Paulaen

96813

SO880

. . .

NW
St.

440 Coral

Sk

640 s. cnnal

. .

St.

WDlANA
Ennsnlle
4,705
Fort Wayne 46807
lndtanapolte
48207

:
*t
IOWA
t

. 2709 Wzrhlngtcn
.
3806s
calko
.
3750 N. Meridtm

Davenprt
32505
. . . P 0. Box 830.

KENlVCKY
t

IAuisvIue

1039 Skate

4oa18

St..

Ave.
St.
St.

Zl201

htAS3ACliUSETTS
Welmlay
*t
t

021s 1

. . .

. . .

MDWESOTA
Duluth
55802 .
Tf
Mtrmeq.dL~
55416

* :

. 300 W. Sup&or
1500 Ltl?c
Drtw

*tt

. . . . . . 911 &Ml
.
. . . .lOlJ
LLxUst

St.
St

MONTANA
t

Butte

. . . 103 N.wyombg

St.

NEBRASU
-t

Omaha

59701

. . .

SOUTH
t t
t

?!xxAs
'T
*tr
: t t

. .

. . 409S.17tkSt.

*tt
t

Lltttkurn

07O41.

. . . . . . .

NEW YORK
Albany
12205. . .
15
tt
Buffalo
14209 . . .
*tt
- t I x New York
10022
.
.
Rockester
14404
, . .
* * *
8yracuse
13206
. .
NORTH
*tt
.

:*
+

St.

UTAH
t

computer
Drive.
west
.
d25 Delaware
Ave.
.
641 Lemn@~n
A&
. . . .
89 East Ave.
.3532 k&mea St

CAROLINA
Chwlotte
28207 _ .
WUdgtO
Reigelwocd
38456.

Cinctnnatt
Cleveland
ColumkuS
T&do43606
Youngstuwn

25 E.Wtllow

141 Prondence

. . .

Salt

VIRGINIA
r

L&e

WEST
*t

452.06. .
. 2621 Vtctorv
Plnuy.
44104
. .
1000 Lakemde
Aye.
1110 mrae
Rd.
43229.
. .
. . . . .
3125 DouglasRd.
44507. . .
272 lndtznota
Ave.

5800 Bldg, Eugata

. . .a385 Air-y,

84111

25326

WISCONSM
.
*ppk2an
t t
M~lwaliee

54911
53202

C~nt.r
Blvd.

. . 431 S. Tklrd

East

St.

. . . .
311 MIln
St.
1508 wulc.w
Lawn Dr.
2018 Colonml
Ave.

98188
. . 112 MdoYBr
99202
. . . .

YIRGEHA
Charleston

Dr.
Dr.

. . . . , . . , .303 Polk St.

. . . . . 1385 Catd.r
Am
. 205 N. Chaparral
St.
. a101 stammon.
Rdway
.
. . . . . 215 N.StPnton
. . .
406 w. SSwdk
St.
. . . 4219 Rlckmond
Ave.
. . .
. 434 S. Man St

NeurS 23501
23230
24015
.

WASHINGTON
Seattle
*et
. .
T
spolanc

188

City

Nervport
Rtckmond
Roanoke

:*

Rd

P 0 BOX

29204 . . . 2100 MLddlcbvrg

299001. . 41 No. Plwr,r,tkurS

Amullto
79101
Be~uxmnt
71704
Corpus
Ckrtltl76401.
Dalm
75222
.
El Pam
TO945
.
Fort Word,
76102
Hou8tm
77027 .
San Antnnm
78204

t
.

Blvd.
St&

18102 . . . . . . 1444 Hamilton

St.
19102 . . . 3 PI
Cmur
Plus
15222
, .300 Etk Avenue
Bldy.

CAROLETA
Columbln
Greentill.

*t
49102

2000 C&se,,
7646, Soutkaldr

91401
. . . . . . . . 1170 PewI
St.
97216 . . . . . , . a929 NW 29th Ave.

TENNEXiEE
*t
cmttaMoSn31411
. ..*...*.
+
Xemphia
39130.

S,.
So.

Kansas
cuy e4199.
SL LO,S 83101 .

Eg*rl*
Portland

PENNSYLVANlA
.
Ahntom
Phllad~lpkla
*tt
*+
Ptttabvrgk

St.

MIsSCUR
*t
*+

Dr.

. .1500 Mims
Ave. ,S.W.
. . . . 721 Lakeside
Dr.

. 1 Wa~ktqtrm

13106.
.
P 0. Box

OREGON

St.

Dbtroit
la202
. . . . . 100 AntoLnltte
St
JOCkSOn 49201 . . . . . . a10 W. FrMtln
St.
S#nprW
Pm307
,....
. 1908 Second National
Bnak Bl@.

GENERAL

Blrm,nghm
35211
M~oktle 36608.
. .

1 N. Chulaa

F*T

OHIO
*+
*tr

Bettetiorf

2300 Meadow

MARYLAND
BUtmore
*t
t

Put
East, Tumvlla
E. 1805 Rent
A%

.3OE MacCorkle

Ave.,

3003 west
College
$15 E %X,ekt$an

SE

Dr
St

ELECTRIC SERVICE SHOPS

These
GE Sertice
Shops wttl
repzw.
reWHEN
YOU NEED SERVICE
condttlon.
md rebuild
your eteetrlc
apparmus.
The fac~ltttes
are avarlable
day and night,
seven days a week,
for work
8 the shops or on your PremALABAMA
. .

OKLAHOMA
.t
OWckoms.
CLN
+
l-ulna 74 105

Blvd.
BLvd.
Btvd.
6th St.

Rd.

ZIZONA

.
a312 Flortda
.
4147 Euharr
. 2620 Centeuy
.
. 1028 Sortk

LOUISIANA
. mom
Rouge
. * New Orleans

tses.
Latest
faerory
methods
mattain
perlormance
oi you*
servlce8.
mntact
r
nearesr

70814 .
70114.
.

10955 Nor*
Dual
1115 DeArmas

a.
St.

and Senume
GE renewa,
parts
Equipment.
For iuu ,nformarlon
VJrvlce
*Ilop or Sales m,ce
OKLAHOMA
- TYLY

74146.

zre

wed

to

*boutthese

. 5220 s. 100th East

AYe.

OREGON
MARYLAND

ARIZONA
,Pkoen!xl
Phoenix
Tucson

l
l
l

Glen&&
85019.4011
W.Colter
85019 .
36.40 w clarendon
65113
. : 2942
.
So.PB1
Verde

St.
St.
Ave.

Baltimore

. . .

CALIFORNIA
l
l

*
.
*

Los Ar&an
$0301
5900 Stanford
Ae
(Lm .b&es)
Anakelm
s3805
. .
. . .
. . . .
3601 E. LzPalms.
Ave.
(LOS AngelOSl
klgtewxd
90301
Ave.
. .
. . . . . 228 W. Florence
sacrament0
$5814
, . . ,
99 North
17tk St.
(San Franetsco,
&kbd
94608
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 1650 34tk St.

COLORADQ
. * Denver

80205.

. . . . .

PlMtsnlle
.

FLORrnA
l *

32203

Jack%nnlle

~Mtaml,

T~mpl33601

. . 3353 Larmer

MICHIGAN
l * _
.

lialeak

33010

St

. 2020 w Beaver
1062 Easi 28tk
.
l%h&GrxXSts

St.
St.

. . -

YEW

JEW

GEORGL,
l

,AthB,

AtI%,=

ILLOIOIS
. *

Chicago

Ckunblee
3034 1
5035 Peachtree
Indutrtal-Blvd.
2319 John Glen
.
. . .

50835

Dr.

6045 S.Nofflngham

Ave.

NDWiA
l

.
l

. *

Evanslllle
Ft Wayne
Hammond
nldwnap01,s

47111
46803.
46320
46222

401 N Congress
AYL
1731 Edsalt
AYe.
1138 leak
Place
. 1140 w Vermont
51.

. .

. .

. .

3964 Mystic

(Detrwtl
Rlvervlew.
FHnt 4a505

Ae

lmazs
City 64120
3 LO,S 63110

JERSEY
* New

munswlCk

3IExICO
l
4Lhuquerque

52122

1025 State

St

KENTUCKY
l

LoulsfUe

40209

. 3900 Crlttenden

Dne

! . ELecP,cai,,,eckan,ul

2-72

17501

GENERAL

Pkwy

Ave.
84.

W & StL.o,s
2025 49th Ae.

Bay
,N

3525 Gardner
A%
1115 East Rd

08902

3 Laurence

an09

1420 .lcLeod

28208

JOhnstown

SOUTH

DRIVE
ELECTRIC

. . . . . . .
570 wuson
St.
.
2727 Yw 29tk AYC.

at.

Rd

15802

Pklladelphta
lPtDIlbrgk,
.
.
York
17403
CAROLINA
iCkarlss,r.i
.

. . .

oak

St.

19124
1040 Esst Erie
West MlIflin
15122
4430 Butterlmlk
allow
. . . . . . 54 N Harrison

Ave.

No

a41

ChYlerton

28401
2*90 Debunmr

TEBNESSEE
9 Knoxnlle
.
9 ulempmr

Rd. ?iE

2323 Tknft

07402
97210

57914
3621 Governor
.
3810,

Beaumont
xi05
Corpus
Cknsh
Dallas
75235
Houston
11036
HOUSID 77036
&I,dland
79101

78401

.
.

Rd
St

at.

Jokn &tiler
Hwy.
708 Ncrdl
vatn
St.

1490 W Cardinal
Dr.
115 waen St.
3202 Manor way
5534 Harvey
Wtlsan
Or
6916 Harwt
Dr
704 s Jnnsta
st.

UTAH
* *

Salt

Lake

City

84110

301 s 7tk west

St.

VmGniM
q

*
-

R,ekmond
Roan&

WASHTNGTON
. * Seattle
l

Spokane

23224
24013

96134
99211

1403 Ingram
AYe.
1004 ruver
A%,
SE

5422
E

Fuw

Ave..

4323

MlSS

sourk
St

. .A!uon lCamol 44720

* *

Battendorl

Valley

Eugelle
Portland

PENLSYLVANIA
0 Allentom
18103
. . .
668 E. Hi6klar.d
St.
IDetlu%re
Valley)Ckercy
H,lI
N J
OS034
. . . . . .
. . 1190 E.~larlta
Pike

YORK
. 4lbany
13205
1091 Cenvat
Ave
. - ~Butfalo,
Tonawanda
14150
115 Yilens
Rd
l
iLong Island)
Old B&page
tlSO4
.
I . .
163 BetkpaSe-Sweet
Hollow
Rd
. w?w York
Cltyl
AOlTk Bergen
N. J 01012
.,,
. .
8001 Tomeue
iwe.
- isew York CuylCl&
N d. 07012
9 Brighton
Bd.
* _ %kenecmdy
12365
.
1 RlW
Rd.
0 avracuse
13208
. 1015 E.H,avafha
BLti

>ORTH
CAROLNA
. * Charlotte

mm

IOWA
Dxeqmrt,

Ave.

18075 Kravse
1506 E carpenter

i900
l

930 E. Fort

St.

06419
. . .
370 Atwater

21230

MINNESOTA
. hrlutk
5580,
,5Oti
. * ~ltneapol,s
55430

5EW

CONNECTICUT
l *
:aothingto,
. .

.*.
* *
*

Ci&matt
46202
Geveland
44126
. .
Columbus43228
. .
T&d043605
Yongstow
44507

Sernce

Shop

SYSTEMS
COMPANY,

* hstrumenetlon

Wki~le
&e S Ik
.444 West 3rd St
4471 East 49th St
mo
Bunfley
ti.
405 Dearoorn
Ave
272 E. Indianon
Ave.
Shop

- Spec~ll

WEST
.

VDIGDU
* ckar,estn

WISCONSIN
.
~ppteto,
* i1,iwrulue
UanlaCtn~

PRODUCT
DEPARTMENT
WAYNESBORO,
VIRGINIA

Shop

22980

25328

Menasha
53201

.306 WacCaWe

Ae

SE

54910
Ii25 il?.cme
3.
235 W Okh,numa
Ave.