TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr.No

Contents

Page
Number

1)

Letter of Transmittal

2)

Acknowledgement

3)

Executive Summary

4)

Background

5)

Vision Statement

6)

Mission Statement

7)

Core Values

8)

Cooperate Social Responsibility

9)

Departments at PSO

11

10)

Departmental Hierarchy

12

11)

Product Life Cycle

13

12)

Product Hierarchy

14

13)

Pakistan State Oils Culture

17

14)

Competitors Of Pakistan State Oil

18

15)

Environmental Layers

20

16)

Planning

23

17)

Organizing

25

18)

Leading

28

19)

Controlling

32

20)

BCG Matrix

36

21)

SWOT Analysis

38

22)

Conclusion

40

23)

Appendix

24)

Interviewees Profile

41

42

Questionnaire

Bibliography

43

Letter of Transmittal
Dated: 11 November 2010
Sir Fahad Zuberi
Course Instructor
Szabist
Karachi
Dear Sir
We hereby present our management report on Pakistan State Oil. This
report is submitted on 11th November 2010 in connection with the team
project given to us (BBA 1 E), for the course of Principle of Management. We
have tried our utmost and hope that the report is up to your expectations.
With best of regards,
Group members
Saman Jaffri
Javeria Shoaib
Jaweria Burhan
Adeeba Tanveer

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, we would like to thank God, for giving us the strength and health
to do this report. We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to our
teacher Sir Fahad Zuberi for guiding us throughout this project. We had some
difficulties in doing this task, but he taught us patiently until we knew what
to do.
This project bears an imprint of many people. We sincerely thank the General
Manager Consumer Business and Power Project, Mr. Syed Zulfiqar Ali Jaffri
who rendered his help during our project work. He provided us with answers
to all our questions and helped us in every way possible. He had been a
source of inspiration. We would like to thank him for his timely guidance in
the conduct of our project work. We would also like to thank the entire team
of Pakistan State Oil for their help and support.
Finally, yet importantly, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our
beloved parents for their blessings, our friends/classmates for their help and
wishes for the successful completion of this report.

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this report we have tried our utmost effort to give an opaque picture about
Pakistan State Oil. Our sole aim was to work in such a way that our report
should reflect the working systems of PSO. The goal, corporate strategies,
smart planning and their effective organizing are the main elements of this
vocation. We have also enlightened the attributes of the leaders and the
manner they lead the entire organization. The imperative modes of
controlling which have taken PSO to the long way are also highlighted. Its
strong culture, core values and healthy relationship with its stake holders are
quite conspicuous in this report. We have also provided an overview about its
environmental layers. In the end we have rendered the salient features of
SWOT Analysis. This snapshot of PSO manifests the reasons of its
outstanding performance amongst the oil marketing companies.

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010

BACKGROUND
The history of Pakistan state oil begins in the mid-1970s at the time of
nationalization. Esso Eastern was purchased; Pakistan National Oil and
Dawood Petroleum were nationalized by the Government of Pakistan and
later merged three Oil Marketing Companies. The purpose of this
amalgamation was to establish one strong organization which could ensure
the availability of POL Products in the country during war and Peace. Since its
creation PSO is meeting up to 70% of the countrys fuel needs.
Pakistan state oil is the largest oil marking company which is engaged in
different functions of distribution, storage and marketing of POL products
including High Speed Diesel, Motor Gasoline, and Furnace oil, Jet Fuel,
Kerosene, LPG, CNG, Petro Chemicals and Lubricants. It has 3620 outlets
nationwide, including 1,609 new vision outlets. The companys overall
market share is approx 71% out of which Black oil (i.e. Furnace Oil, Light Diesel
Oil) market share is 82.3% where as White Oil (Motor Gasoline, High Speed
Diesel, Jet Fuel, and Kerosene) market share is 59.4%. It has received an honor
to win Karachi Stock Exchange Top Companies Award.
Pakistan state oil company serves about 2.8 million customers every day. It
has a wide range of customers which includes Retail, Aviation, Marine,
Industries, Government, and Defense etc. PSOs leading brand includes eco
friendly fuels-Premier XL & Green XL.
Pakistan State Oil Company possesses huge infrastructure facilities from
Karachi to Gilgit. It provides refueling at 9 airports in Pakistan as well as
Marine Bunker Fuel at 2 ports. Pakistan State Oil is improving its
infrastructure and has taken major initiatives. It is the only public sector
entity in Pakistan that has been competing effectively with three
multinationals companies which are supported technically by their parent
organization.

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010

*VISION STATEMENT*
To excel in delivering value to customers as an innovative and dynamic
energy company that gets to the future first.

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010

*MISSION STATEMENT*
We are committed to leadership in energy market through competitive
advantage in providing the highest quality petroleum products and services
to our customers based on:

Professionally trained, high quality, motivated workforce, working

as a team in an environment, which recognizes and rewards
performance, innovation and creativity, and provides for personal
growth and development.
Lowest cost operations and assured access to long-term and cost
effective supply sources.
Sustained growth in earnings in real terms.
Highly ethical, safe environment friendly and socially responsible
business practices.

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010

Core values
Excellence: We believe that excellence in our core activities emerges from
a passion for satisfying our customers needs in terms of total quality
management. Our foremost goal is to retain our corporate leadership.

Cohesiveness: We endeavor to achieve higher collective and individual

goals through team. This is inculcated in the organization through effective

communication.

Respect: We are an Equal opportunity Employer attracting and recruiting

the finest people from around the country. We value contribution of

individuals and teams. Individual contributions are recognized through our
reward and recognition program.

Integrity: We uphold our values and Business Ethics principles in every

action and decision. Professional and personal honesty, dedication and

commitment are the landmarks of our success. Open and transparent
business practices are based on ethical values and respect for employees,
communities and the environment.

Innovation: We are committed to continuous improvement, both in New

Product and Processes as well as those existing already. We encourage
Creative Ideas from all stakeholders.

Corporate

Responsibility:

We promote Health, Safety and

Environment culture both internally and externally. We emphasize on
Community Development and aspire to make society a better place to live in.

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010

Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility has now become an integral part of every
business. PSO as being the leading oil marketing company in the nation has
always shown a very good concern for its stakeholders. Every business has
its social dimensions and so does PSO; it always comes up to the expectation
of its stakeholders, and realizes its national and moral obligation towards the
state.PSO believes in making a difference in lives- a difference that uplifts
the economic well being of the people. It has now made itself synonymous
with community contribution. Their main CSR thrusts are Education, health
care and community building which entails activities for women
empowerment,
childrens
welfare,
sports
development,
heritage
preservation, relief activities.

Education:
PSO has undertaken a wide range of initiatives to support several
educational programs. It is providing scholarships and cash awards to the
best students of the leading professional universities like LUMS, IBA, UET and
NED. Company also assists some national institutions to enable education to
the unprivileged people. With the Heritage Foundation, PSO has built two
schools in the flood affected areas like Mansehra whereas five more schools
are under work with Citizens foundation. In order to overcome energy crisis
PSO carried out a public service campaign on energy conservation in the
leading news paper to educate masses how to conserve electricity.

Healthcare:
PSO is working in connection with various institutions involved in health
sector. They provide financial assistance to the National institute of Cardio
Vascular Diseases, Karachi. They give annual donation for the Marie Adelaide
Leprosy Centre (MALC). PSO also helped Chhipa Welfare Association to
purchase fully equipped ambulance. It also gives assistance to Civil hospital
and is associated with Al-Mehrab Tibbi Imdad that treats terminal under
privileged patients absolutely free of cost.

Community Building:
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PSO emphasizes in serving community and enriching the lives of the needy
and less fortunate people through its sponsorship assistance to NGOS and
charitable organizations and welfare institutions. Under this umbrella it
supports the following activities:

Women

Empowerment: PSO has been supporting two major

welfare institutions Behbud Association and Rasheed memorial

welfare organization which provides Education, Health and
Vocational Training for females and orphans. By providing
financial assistance PSO is uplifting the unprivileged sections of
the society.

Special

Children Welfare: PSO has munificently supported

many institutions which are working for special childrens like

Special Children Quetta, the only institute in Baluchistan to
facilitate the special kids. Moreover, it also financially assists
Pakistan National Institute for the deaf children of rural areas,
Kamoke, district Gujranwala. On the same line Munir Arshad
Memorial Trust has also been benefited by the PSO. It is also
associated with Family Education Service Foundation and
appreciated their work by adopting some students and providing
their monthly expenditure and also by facilitating them in
providing free pick and drop service to needy students by
providing free diesel.

Sports

Development: PSO also covers the sports sphere; it

promotes various sports at all levels. They sponsored the PSOCNS International Squash Championship 2007, which was a world
class squash event. They were also the tournament sponsors of
Asian Football Confederation (AFC) held in September 2007,
which was arranged by Pakistan Football Federation (PFF). First
ever National Boxing Championship was sponsored by the
company. Similarly every year PSO sponsors Polo tournament.
Recently they sponsored National Skiing Tournament.

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BBA I- E 2010

 Relief Activities: As PSO is on frontline everywhere so giving a

quick response to a disastrous situation is one of the obligations
which PSO is really committed towards. The 2007 Cyclone that
lashed Pakistans southern coast crippled life in the affected
areas especially in Baluchistan. PSO as a corporate citizen
provided all possible help to the flood victims. They provided
3,000 food packets, 500 kitchen utensils, 650 tarpaulin sheets
and 30,000 bottles of mineral water. They dispatched a similar
batch of food packets and mineral water to Greshia 35 km from
Khuzdar. This was the first relief to this devastated village. In
such calamities PSO staff was involved in the relief operations.
Company donated Rs. 5 million to the Presidents Disaster Relief
Fund to help the victims. As PSO celebrate more than 60 glorious
years of nationhood, so it will continue to play its role with the
same dedication and commitment so that the society can
progress and the nation can prosper.

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Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

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BBA I- E 2010

PSO DEPATMENTS UNDER MANAGING DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE

DIRECTORS
PSO (Managing Director)
Managing Director

Retail

Executive Director
(Consumer Services)
)

Retail Construction and Facilities

Quality Control
Brand
Lubricants
& Chemicals
LSM
Operations
Aviation
Retail Construction and Facilities
Quality Control
Lubricants & Chemicals
LSM
Aviation

Executive Director
(Finance and IT)

Executive Director
(Human Resources)

General Accounts

Administration

CCD

Training and Organizational

Development

Cards

Treasury

Purchases

Industrial Consumer

Taxation

Legal

Payroll

Public Relations

Corporate Planning

Marketing planning

Insurance

Non Fuel Retail

Freight people

Retail New Initiation

Information System

Supply

Logistics

Operations

Retail Construction and Facilities

Lubricants and Chemicals

LSM

Quality Control

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Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

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Aviation

BBA I- E 2010

Departmental Hierarchy

General Manager
(Retail Department)

Deputy General Manager

Divisional Manager
(Karachi)

Marketing Executives
(Headquarters)

Divisional Manager
(13 other regions)

Managing Executives

Area incharge 1

Area incharge 2

Area incharge 3

Area incharge 4

Area incharge 5

Area incharge 6

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Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

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BBA I- E 2010

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

Product life cycle is a sequential time period through which the product
passes. The different phases like research and development, growth,
maturity and saturation, these are the ups and downs which every products
faces. Products are been defined as somewhat which satisfies the needs and
expectations of customers. An organization should take care of its product
quality and should ensure that their products which are being delivering
meet the customers demands and requirements. Product lifecycle is
basically defined as the stages of an individual product.
There are four stages in product life cycle, which are defined as below:

1. INTRODUCTION STAGE:
It is the starting stage of the product, in which the customers are
researching about the products and are marketing. This stage is very
stable, so the producer has to behave very patiently. At this stage a
company should not think of generating profits. Everything should be
monitored very carefully, as this is the stage where product has started
its growth and if for instance, the steps are not taken carefully then the
best option will be the withdrawal or end of the product.

2. GROWTH STAGE:
It is the stage where a product is being characterized, demand is
increasing people are willing to buy the additional products. Profits are
being generated, and the products are being sold in better prices and
in vast quantity.

3. MATURITY STAGE:
It is the common stage in which competition is in full boom in the
market structure. Every company is struggling for its market share.
Every organization aims to be on the peak. PSO was successful in this;
it is now among the leading organizations of Pakistan. Two things are
important in this stage and needs to be given importance and should
be carefully handled; that is marketing and financial departments.
Marketing should be done very carefully as the significant moves can
be copied by the competitors. Most of the profit is been earned in this
stage. PSO has entered in this stage and is generating huge amount of
profits.

4. DECLINE STAGE:
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Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

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In this stage, we have to manage the product and for that we need to
be very careful. Market is basically shrinking and is reducing the
profits. Some changes are being occurred in this stage the products are
being transferred in the cheaper markets, and in this situation good
care, with full responsibility should be taken to control the stocks. PSO
is not in the decline stage as its sales are increasing day by day, with
huge amounts.

PAKISTAN STATE OILS PRODUCT

HIERARCHY
Product hierarchy is an organizational chart type of assortment of the
product offered in a given market breaking first into class, then form, then
variations on form, then brand. There are various options within these
product hierarchy dimensions, so the array can be designed to fit the desires
of the market analyst. The hierarchy concept fits services as well as goods.
PSO provides its products and services to government, marine sector, retail
customers, power projects and various industrial units.
Many organizations rely on PSO to meet their POL demands. Government of
Pakistan, power utilities and major industrial units depend on PSO for fuel. It
also supplies fuel to marine and aviation customers.

Flow chart:-

PRODUCT HIERARCHY

RETAIL FUELS

GASEOUS FUELS

ALTERNATE FUELS

AVIATION AND
MARINE

LUBRICANTS

CNG

E10

MARINE
PRODUCTS

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Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

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BBA I- E 2010

FUEL OILS
INDUSTRIAL

INTO-PLANE REFUELING FACILITY

BIO-DIESEL
GREEN XL

LPG
AUTOMOTIVEOILS

PREMIERE XL

RETAIL FUELS:
This mainly deals with the petrol pumps. Retail Fuels is the core and most
vital business segment in PSO, as it is responsible for generating 60% of
the company's revenue, through sales of PSO products at more than
3,800 Retail Outlets across the country and building PSO's corporate
image by providing reliable quality and quantity products, unmatched
services and unparalleled customer care. Retail Fuel includes Premier
XL, Green XL and E10.

PREMIER XL:
It is petrol with special additives which cleans up deposits from fuel injectors
and boosts combustion efficiency. The benefits of premier XL are that it
keeps engine clean, resulting in quieter, improved performance and it keeps
environment clean. Premier XL also benefits the consumer of enjoying low
maintenance cost as it contains a corrosion inhibitor that keeps the other
engine parts and the fuel tank clean. Premier XL is an engine fuel that this
designed in such a way that it suits the local conditions and give high
performance.
GREEN XL:
Green XL is High Speed Diesel with additive which makes it environmental
friendly. The word green tells that it is not damaging to the environment. It
keeps engine clean and reduced black smoke which increases efficiency. It is
easily available all over the country.

E 10:
It is made up of ethanol and gasoline. It is 10 % locally produced ethanol
which is mixed with petrol to produce E-10 which reduces pollution and
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keeps the environment clean by reducing carbon mono oxide emissions. It is

made up of organic compounds which give long life to the engine. It will be
instrumental in saving huge amount of foreign exchange for the country.

GASEOUS FUELS:
A fuel in the gaseous state is the known as gaseous fuels. Nowadays gaseous
fuels are very much demanded by the consumers, as it is the best substitute
against the retail fuels. And so, Pakistan state oil is putting great efforts and
is moving forward with this business and is reconstructing gas business. After
reconstructing gas, business will be put under one roof with the retail fuels to
concentrate on this hugely- lucrative and potential energy segment. Gaseous
fuels comprises of CNG, LPG, and LNG.

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CNG:
CNG is compressed natural gas. In the recent past prices of petroleum
product has increased many folds in the international market. Since local oil
production caters only 25% of the demand therefore country is forced to
import the petroleum products. In order to reduce the dependence on foreign
oil, develop indigenous resources to save the precious foreign exchange,
keep the environment clean and provide the economical alternate to the
people of Pakistan, the government focused on promoting CNG as alternate
fuel. PSO has taken a leading role in oil marketing companies and
established 230 CNG stations nationwide.

LPG:
LPG is liquefied petroleum gas.PSO is in this business since 1981. PSO is
marketing 2100 M- tons/per month of LPG. It supplies products through a
network of distributors and its trade name is PAK GAS. PSO has LPG
storage and bottling plants, which are located in Pakistan, Lahore, Dhurnal
and Akora Khattak, which all over supply 70 metric tons of LPG/day.
100,000 vehicles are already in use on LPG fuel. LPG is recognized as an
important hydrocarbon. PSO is in a process of developing Auto Gas Station
where LPG would be sold through modern facilities.

ALTERNATE FUELS:
Alternate fuels are also known as non- conventional or advanced fuels. These are the fuels other
than the traditional selection, gasoline or diesel. PSO provides bio-diesel as an alternative fuels.

BIO - DIESEL:
Bio-diesel is a diesel fuel; it is made up of diesel and oil extract from Jutroba seeds. Keeping in
view the ever increasing prices of oil in the international market PSO, being a national
organization decided to come up with plans to introduce Bio-Diesel in the country. It has started
the Jatroba plantation which requires minimum water and will be cultivated on waste land. Only
10 % of Jatroba Oil is mixed with HSD this would be instrumental in saving millions of dollars
every year. Presently Pakistan is importing 4.5 million Metric Tons of HSD every year.

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Pakistan state oils CULTURE

The culture of a learning organization is very strong and emphasizes on
whole is better than sum of parts. The culture focuses on values of people
and they are treated with respect and dignity. There is celebration of new
ideas or products for which the employees are rewarded.
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Jaffri told us that Employees here realize how important their
work is for the organization as well as for the country. During emergencies of
floods, earthquake or war like situation PSO role is a motivating factor and
matter of pride for its employees. Similarly in peace time its role of ensuring
availability of product to power sector customers, despite huge receivables,
gives a sense of national importance to the people who are working in this
company.
The employees have an informal relation within the organization. At times
they even call each other with nicknames. They are proud to call them PSO
Family members. However at times interdepartmental relation seems quite
formal. There is Reserved Car Parking in the basement of PSO House for
Senior Management only and it create an impression that there is some kind
of unequal treatment in their culture. PSO is an equal opportunity employer
and there havent been any cases of harassment. You will find female
employees at senior level of organization.
PSO has a very strong reward system for its employees. Rewards and
recognitions for ideas, for new products, procedures are on an average scale.
However, Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Jaffri told us that departmental recognitions on the
basis of performance is a regular feature i.e. if a particular person or
department does well than a ceremony is held to declare them as sales
officer or the Divisional Manager of the month or year. Employees
performance recognitions are also in a form of salary increase or awards
such as MD award, Shaukat Mirza Award and Awards of beyond Call of Duty.
Conclusively, the Pakistan State Oils culture is fairly strong; the brighter side
of the picture is that employees recognize the importance of their efforts and
also care and respect for each other.

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Competitors of Pakistan State Oil

Competitors are the strong forces of a business and Pakistan State Oil needs
to be prepared to fight against them, the company should have the prior
knowledge about the acts of the rivals so that it can make a backup plan to
have an edge in the market. The competitors of PSO are Shell Pakistan
Limited, Total Parco Pakistan Limited, Attock Oil Company Limited, Caltex Oil
Pakistan Limited and many small companies.

SHELL:
Shell is one of the biggest competitors of PSO. It has the privilege of working
100 years in this market. Shell Pakistan is engaged in marketing of oil and
gas. The company is very innovative and thus it is a threat for PSO as it is
amongst the top oil producing companies. Shell introduced Shell Helix Ultra
and Shell Helix CNG Super. Shell has the responsibility to shareholders,
customers, employees, and society and business parties.
Products of shell are:
Motor Gasoline
Kerosene
JP-1
Green Diesel Oil
Furnace Oil

CALTEX:
Caltex, also known as Chevron was amongst the first in oil producing
companies to introduce modern concepts in Pakistan. Caltex has received
many awards for Health, Environment and safety standards. It is an
eviormental friendly organization which is ISO 9000 certified. It has also
donated generously and has sponsored many events. It has increased its
investment In Pakistan and has also upgraded the competition of PSO.

TOTAL PARCO:
Total is worlds 4th largest oil company. It started its operation in Pakistan with
the joint venture of PARCO in 2001.It is setting up modern oil stations all over
Pakistan. It has over 200 retail stations in Pakistan and is planning to add 36
more. The motto of total is Total care, Total trust. The company is also
committed to maintain a safe, healthy and sustainable environment.
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ATTOCK PETROLEUM LIMITED:

The 4th company in Pakistan to be granted marketing license is Attock
Petroleum. Despite being a new organization it managed to get market share
and maintain its position in Pakistan. It is engaged in exploring, drilling and
production of petroleum in Pakistan. It is engaged in many diversified
business including Hotels, Oil exploration, Oil refining etc.

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ENVIRONMENTAL LAYERS
Environment is the most important element for any business, as it directly
affects the corporate profile so the organization should be flexible and should
also be aware about the environmental changes in order to succeed in the
long run. Environmental layers are based on two factors; external
environment and internal environment.

GENERAL ENVIORNMENT:
PEST ANALYSIS:Four factors are based under PEST analysis, which are explained as under:

1. POLITICAL FORCES
Like many third world countries Pakistan is politically very unstable.
Nobody can predict the political and economical situations of the
country on long or short term basis. There is a political turmoil due to
which business suffer great losses. PSO, being a public sector company
is also vulnerable to the fast political changes. However it manages the
changes due to strong management practices and the mini institutions
it has built-in which saves the system and ensure the continuity of its
journey towards making it a dependable, progressive and profitable
energy company.

2. ECONOMIC FORCES:
Economic forces affect the managing practices in the organization. The
fluctuations in the exchange rate, interest rate and inflation rate are
the major elements which made the situation very difficult to cope
with. Circular debt is a recent phenomenon which has played havoc
with the energy sector. Approximately Rs.150 billion receivable from
Power sector customers and Government of Pakistan have very badly
affected the working of PSO. Most of the time senior management of
PSO is busy in arranging the finances to run the company on day to
day basis which leaves very little time to really concentrate to develop
strategies for the current and future scenarios.

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3. SOCIO-CULTURAL FORCES:
Socio cultural trends pose a potential constraint to managers decisions
and actions. PSO has responded to the customers changing attitudes
and demands and tried its level best to fulfill their expectations.

4. TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES:
Like any other business segment, Technological Forces play a very
significant role in oil industry. PSO has always taken initiative to acquire
new technologies for having the First Mover Advantage. In order to
have effective control on its vast retail network, PSO launched Asias
largest retail automation program. It is the first company which
launched Loyalty, Fleet and Corporate electronic cards. It set up
internet kiosk at petrol pumps to give net access to the customers
while they are on the roads. PSO has the most modern Management
Information System SAP. Launch of differentiated fuels, electronic Pylon
signs and many other initiatives which shows PSO resolve of acquiring
modern technologies to keep pace with the ever changing world.

SPECIFIC ENVIORNMENT:
It is based on four factors; customers, suppliers, labor component and
competitors.
1) CUSTOMERS:
As we all know that customers are the main components of an industry.
And so, we need to make them contented with our services and
product quality. In the market, we are having three kinds of customers
classes; high class, middle class and the lower class and PSO needs to
fulfill their all demands, expectations and requirements because every
class uses fuel on their daily basis. So maintaining good relations with customers
is indispensable and this can be done only when they are pleased by our products and
services. PSO has established a country wide storage and retail network to ensure the
availability if best quality product to the customers. PSO customer base consist of a
common man to a large industrial unit. It is serving from defense forces to power sector
customer. PSO ability of not only retaining its present customers but also acquiring new
business and increasing the profitability and market share gives ample prove that it is a

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customer focus organization which really care about its customer , give them beyond the
value of their money and making them loyal to the organization .

2) SUPPLIERS:
PSO is the largest oil marketing company of Pakistan. PSO has local
suppliers such refineries and international suppliers supplies such as
Kuwait Petroleum. Besides that, there are many suppliers of various
products who are the back bone of PSO for ensuring the continuity of
business. PSO is not supplying POL products to the customers but it
also has many arrangements to supply fuel to its competitor during the
normal as well as in the time of crises.

3) COMPETITORS:
Nowadays, PSO is the leading Oil Marketing Company, but it has shell
and Caltex as its competitors. PSO is slowly and gradually taking over
shell. Shell and Caltex are its competitors in these products; retail fuel,
lubricants, jet fuel, high speed diesel, CNG, LPG and etc. PSO is trying
its level best to be on the top of the list and to break even its own
record of successful history.

INTERNAL ENVIORNMENT:LABOR COMPONENT:

Labor is the important asset of the organization, with their abilities and
core competencies, an organization is surviving in the market. They
contribute a lot towards the companys mission. The labor of PSO is very
efficient about their work; the managers have kept friendly relations with
the employees which help them in performing their assigned tasks
effectively. There are two unions for labor class in PSO. These unions are
playing very positive role. Company has never witnessed any lock out or
strike. There are elections, almost every three years and after the
elections new agreements are negotiated for the term and conditions
which set the parameters of management & labor relationship.

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Planning
Planning refers to a process of defining goals, developing strategies and outlining tasks to reach
its overall objective effectively and efficiently. However, the basic idea of planning for an
organization is to know what it wants to achieve and for that it must answer the following
questions:
Who are we?
Where are we and how did we get here?
Where do we want do go?
What steps should be taken to reach there?

Once these questions are answered, an organization can easily frame a strategy which can help
reach its goal by using required resources and time. Well written plans and proper
implementation of those plans, plays an important role in the success of an organization.
Planning also helps the employees, as they know what is expected out of them and hence they
work accordingly. It also creates a healthy attitude towards the work environment, which in turn
benefits the organization.

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TYPES OF PLAN:
An organizational plan should be challenging, realistic but achievable says
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Jaffri (General Manager, Consumer Business) while talking
about PSOs long, medium and short term plans. Long term plans are for a
period of Ten years; medium term plans are for about five years where as
short term plans are for one year only. PSO develop its plans on the basis of
Bottom-Top-Bottom System.

PAKISTAN STATE OILS PLANNING PROCESS:

First, plan of each division is prepared at grass route level and then
forwarded to the senior management where core leadership deliberates the
plans of all departments. After the scrutiny and aligning the plans with
overall corporate vision and improvements, submit the same to the Board of
Management. Members of Board take the presentation from the senior
management of PSO, scrutinize the data and after incorporating the desired
changes handover the plans to the seniors for implementation. Thus
approved plans are than sent to the grass route level for execution.

PAKISTAN STATE OILS LONG TERM PLAN:

PSOs long term plan is to acquire/built a refinery for ensuring uninterrupted
product supplies and development of necessary infrastructure for storing and
marketing POL products to maintain companys market leadership and
increasing profitability.

MID-TERM FIVE YEARS STRATIGIC PLAN:

PSO has set many targets such as ensuring sales of Ethanol Blended Petrol
i.e. E-10, Bio-diesel i.e. Jatoraba blended and High speed Diesel, country
wide through its network of 3600 retail outlets. Furthermore this plan called
for entering into long term Fuel Supply Agreements with large strategic
consumers for ensuring maintenance of market leadership and profitability.
Plans also called for developing infrastructure, such as port connectivity of
Karachi Port with Keamari, enhancing the product storage facilities at Karachi
and mid country.

SHORT TERM ANNUAL PLAN:

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Annual plans are designed for achieving the mid-term and long term
objectives. Annual plans are milestones. Every year targets are set for
development of new retail outlets, modernization of existing petrol pumps,
rehabilitation of existing storage facilities, logistic arrangements and
acquisition of new customers to meet annual targets.

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ORGANIZING
Organizing is one of the important tasks of the managers. PSO is a large
organization and so organizing people is not an easy task. Organizing helps
an employee to do work effectively and efficiently, and it helps the
organization to accomplish its real goals.
Organizing is basically defined as determining what needs to be done, how it
will be done and who will do it. Organizing in further words is defined as the
management function that involves arranging and structuring work in order
to achieve the organizations goal.
PSOs managers are doing a remarkable job regarding organizing as this is
the major key for their progress. According to them each individual should be
given proper job description, which clarifies their responsibilities.

ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:

There are certain factors of organizational structure which PSO follows due to
which it has been so successful all over Pakistan. The manager of the PSO
divides the work among the employees due to which it becomes easier for
them to perform certain tasks. It increases the efficiency of the workers.
Departments are being made; employees are responsible with their jobs and
are commanded to report only one manager. Decision making should be
concentrated, and employees should be given authority to make their
decisions.
Organizing is dependent on the business environment. As it is challenging
because it is every time changing due to which business strategies and
organizational structure should also be changed in order to meet their
challenges.

Human Resource Philosophy:

PSO places great emphasis on Human capital and believes that manpower is
the only asset which appreciates with time. Skills of labor get polished by
training and so it increases the reputation of the business.PSO believes in
hiring the right people with all the skills and capabilities at the right place. It
wants to make its employees multi skilled in order to make PSO more
responsive to changes.

The Human Resource practices in PSO are

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1. Human Resource Planning: PSO needs lot of employees and so

management plans the workforce requirements.
2. Recruitment and Selection: PSO needs efficient employees and so
selects the employees with work experience, creativity and education.

Important Steps Of This Process Are:

Stating clearly the skills required for the position
Review the CV of the person so know whether the applicant has the
skills required for the job.
To see what is the salary and benefits that will be given to the
employee in that position.
Analyze what will be the impact of that hiring, on the budget.

3. Screening The Applicants:

Managing the applications: HR manager of PSO write down the
names of all the applicants who have given their CV and then
specify the criteria for short listing.
Potential candidates are required to qualify IBA Test.
Selecting the interview panel: Selecting the people who will
interview the applicants.
4. Interview Scheduling and the Interview Environment: PSO conducts
the interviews in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. Comprehensive
evaluation of the candidates is being carried out after the interviews.
5. Candidate Evaluation: PSO selects the candidates very carefully by
reviewing the CV of the applicants and accessing them by their
interview. Lots of factors are considered before selecting the employee
which includes the candidates education, experience, knowledge,
communication skills and personal effectiveness.
6. Reference Checking: PSO asks about the employee they have selected
from their colleagues and previous organization to verify the
information that they have received from the employee.

Training and Development:

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PSO provides training to its employees in order to upgrade their skills and to
increase their efficiency. Training is provided to the employees of PSO when:
Employees are not performing well and training is needed.
When new working practices are introduced in PSO
While explaining about specific topics or regarding some mega
projects.

Benefits PSO Receives From Training Employees

PSO receives certain benefits from training the
satisfaction and so employees feel satisfied in
efficiency which increases the profits for PSO.
image of PSO if they provide ethics training.
reduced which saves the cost of PSO.

employees. It increases job

what they do. It increases
Training also improves the
Employee turnover is also

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN ORGANIZING PSO:

As we all know that communication is the transfer and understanding of

meaning. PSO motivates its employees, as it has set such circumstances
between the workers, in which workers feel quite comfortable in
communicating and discussing a certain problem. The managers encourage
its employees to perform a certain task, and motivates. It also provides
social needs, and good services for its workers. Communication in an
organization helps to provide information and also guides regarding how to
communicate in order to organize well in an organization. Now there are
certain barriers to an organization which stops the communication flow in an
organization example; different use of language, no feedback, filtration of the
information and many more.

MANGERS IN A DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT:

In an organization employees are never ready for a change. Changes occur
due to two factors internal and external factors. Internal factors depends
upon equipment, employees, workforce and etc. similarly, external factors
depends upon governmental laws and regulations, labor markets, economic
changes and many more. These all symptoms also occur in PSO. These
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symptoms are episodic. They can be managing easily. PSO managers

manage by using education and communication, participation, facilitation
and support, negotiation, manipulation and co-optation.
As we all are familiar with the issues which occur at the time of change. To
change the organizational culture is something very difficult. The manager
has to be favorable before taking any step. PSO managers have good
relations with employees. It includes its employees in making a decision.

Leading
One of the most important tasks of any manger is to lead an organization.
PSO is a large organization and so managing people is not an easy task.
Leading inspires the employees to work hard and achieve the goals of the
organization. PSO make huge investment in Human Resource Department.
PSO considers it very important to train its employees and lay great
emphasis over it. There is a Human Resource Department of PSO in Karachi
which is equipped with all the latest training aid. Seminars are arranged on
technical and managerial disciplines according to the needs of employees.
Employees are trained in new work processes.
A leader in a learning organization creates shared visions with employees,
designs organizational structure such as policies, strategies, teams to attain
those visions and devotes him entirely to the organization.
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Jaffri told us that PSO always encourage its employee to
enrich their knowledge learn new skills & technologies. In this regard HR and
T&OD Departments are playing very significant roles. Employees are being
trained to develop the leadership skills and impart the latest knowledge
about leading the teams from the front.

COMMUNICATION & INFORMATION SHARING:-

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A learning organization has an excellent communication system with open

book management, face to face communications and a greater reliability on
electronic modes for data transfer.
At the PSO retail fuel department has a petty cash fund of Rs.25000 for
buying computer or water dispenser or any such need which is operated by
the DM. The crucial information regarding budgets, profits and departmental
expenses are freely available to the employees. In the survey conducted,
most employees agreed to this statement. The organizations financial
statements are shared by the CEO in auditorium in a formal event in regular
intervals. Formal training is provided to those who do not understand the
financial jargons.
Face to face communication within the department was highly visible and got
an excellent response from the interviewee and the survey.
Interdepartmental communication and coordination is very strong.

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The interviewee said that formal method of communication was paper based
but now it is shifting towards electronic means as new people are joining PSO
and they are bringing about a change in the organization. Initially, all forms
of communication were on paper and an employee had to go to opposite
ends of the city to get a document signed before he could continue his work.
Now he has the liberty of emailing it and then getting the paper document
signed the next day. We found out that they used lotus notes (computer
software) for communication which is very efficient.
Thus, we inferred that Pakistan State Oil has a very effective communication
and information sharing system which keeps a department functioning well,
but limited interdepartmental communication and lack of open book
management is a hindrance to the department for it to be a learning
organization.

Employee Empowerment: Employee empowerment can be described as giving employees

responsibility and authority, Knowledge and Skills to make decisions
about
their
work
without
supervisory
approval.
Employee
empowerment can increase employees motivation, job satisfaction, and
loyalty to their companies. In learning organization, the power that managers
have should now be shared with employees through trust, assurance,
motivation, and support.
At PSO, after observing the information gathered by interview, it shows that
individual thinking is encouraged. New idea has to go a lot of hierarchal
levels to get it accepted, and then too, however most of the time these ideas
are accepted, if viable.
In learning organization there are such policies which empower employees in
such a way that it allows employees to not only decide their leaders, but also
can hire new employees, do budgeting and even decide their own
compensation. At PSO, such decision making powers given to employees are
totally missing.
According to the interviewee, salaries have risen by almost 30 to 40 percent
during the recent past. In PSO, the job security is excellent.
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There are Cross Functional Teams which empower employees to make

decisions collectively and at gross root level. Issues are discussed and
approved in CFTs. In case of disagreements, issues are brought at next level
which is known as MANCOM, a senior management group. On the basis of
monetary value issues could even go up to the Board of Management level.

RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS THE EMPLOYEES

A good leader is the one who treats employees fairly and do not exploit
them. PSO sets a good example of fairness at work and proves to be a good
leading organization. International Labor Organization celebrates World day
which is for safety and health of employees. PSO as a good leading
organization considers the importance of health and safety of its employees
as an obligation and celebrates World day. PSO has identifies the risk in
working practices and works to eliminate those risks. PSO works for the
betterment of employees and tries to eliminate the work related stress by
introducing flexible timings and open door policy in which the employees are
allowed to discuss their problems with the management. PSO is not only
leading in employee motivation but also leads in the upgrading of
environment. It has introduced E 10 which reduces carbon monoxide
emission and is environmental friendly.

Motivating Employees at PSO

PSO believes that motivation is very important aspect of leading. A good
leader should motivate his employees in order to increase the productivity.
PSO uses different motivational techniques to motivate its employees

1. Employee Recognition: PSO nominates employees who perform well

and then give award to the best employee. It creates a healthy
competition amongst the employees and increases their morale. The
two awards that PSO gives are:
Shaukat Raza Mirza Management Excellence Award
PSO Managing Directors Performance Award.

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2. Communication: Communication

is a very important in any

organization and PSO understands the importance of effective
communication. Communication increases the morale of the workers
because they feel that they are trusted. PSO encourages
communication by the following methods:
Announcing changes in the organization.
Encouraging Teamwork in the organization.
Regular sessions are held in which the Managing Director
communicates with the employees.
Publish a bi-monthly magazine by the name of PSO VISION.
Through this magazine PSO communicate with internal as well as
external customers.

3. Motivation Surveys: PSO conducts regular Motivation surveys to find

out the needs of the employees. It places great emphasis on the needs
and opinions of human capital.

4. Recreational activities: PSO believes that recreational activities are very

important way of motivating employees. It believes that employees
should be physically fit and so has provided a gymnasium. There is
also a PSO club where employees and their families can enjoy.
Thus, we concluded that the managers have a positive side regarding time
flexibility, cooperation with departments and devotion to organization as a
whole.

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Controlling
Controlling is a process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work
performance. It is the final process on which the progress of the whole
organization depends. Controlling provides the link back to planning as it is a
process of evaluating work through which we can know whether the goals
are being met or not, as it provides the information and feedback so
managers feel comfortable empowering employees and it also helps in
protecting the organization and its assets.PSO has been doing great job
regarding controlling. They have found efficient methods to control their
costs, assets and their organizations performance.

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Pakistan State Oil keeps a regular check on the following activities; this is the
sole secret of its standing market position. It never leaves corner for its
competitors through which they can take unnecessary advantage. The
company always plan, organize, lead and control in such a manner that
nation sees how it remains on the top of the list and how it makes huge
profits regardless of a hostile environment.

Financial activities require controlling. E.g. corruption, expenses,

purchasing etc. Moreover human resources, wastage, production.
They have standing operating procedures (SOPs) for all the activities
carried out in an organization and also have an audit department which
monitors all the policies and procedures, process and SOPs are being
followed.
Performance deviations are significant when they cross the permissible
parameters. E.g. if a sales team fails in achieving the given target by a
significant margin then it will directly affect the overall profitably of the
organization and the market share of the company.
Their Management has an information system which provides the
accurate timely information which enables them to monitor, control and
take appropriate corrective measure.
Three major steps are being taken in the controlling process :

Measuring Actual Performance

Comparing Actual Performance Against Standard
Taking Managerial Action

Taking actions can involve doing noting, correcting performance, or revising

the standards. Doing nothing is clear. Correcting performance can involve
different corrective actions, which can either be immediate or basic. Revising
standards can involve either raising or lowering them.
Pakistan State Oil uses sigma tool for measuring organizations performance.
Sigma is a measure of variations and identifies the area of improvement,
applying tools and methods to get continual improvement. It is a disciplined,
data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects to strive for
near perfection. Six sigma may lead to the following goals of organization:
Enhanced customer satisfaction.
Reduced cost, time and improve quality.
Increased competitiveness.
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Process sigma can easily be calculated using a Six Sigma DMAIC:

D
M
A
I
C

Define opportunities
Measure performance
Analyze opportunities
Improve performance
Control performance

Pakistan State Oil's Mobile Quality Testing Unit (MQTU) Network started
implementation of six sigma across the country and identified following four
activities for monitoring, and controlling of activities to achieve continual
improvement.

MQTU Daily Visit Plan

Inspection Report of Retail Outlets
Test Report of PSO Installation, Depot & Tank Lorries
Petty Cash System

MQTU Daily Visit Plan

MQTU (Mobile Quality Testing Unit) visit plan is communicated from Head
Office on daily basis across the country. It is very essential to monitor the
compliance of MQTU visit against planned schedule from Head Office for
proper control and fully utilization of company's resources.

Inspection Reports of Retail Outlets

MQTUs visit the Retail Outlets for quality and quantity tests and record the
results and other information in the Inspection Report. It is the main activity
of MQTU Network and is directly concerned with customer. The monitoring of
the fields of inspection report & format is necessary for the correct reflection
of testing activities.

Test Report of PSO Installation, Depot & Tank Lorries:

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Beside visit of retail outlets, MQTUs also visit PSO Installation, Depot and
Tank Lorries to ensure the quality of product at the source, and record the
result on Test Report of PSO Facilities. The monitoring of test reports of PSO
facilities is equally important for improvement.

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Petty Cash System

Petty Cash Reports (PCR) is sent to head office from MQTU locations across
the country for parking in SAP system. The monitoring of information
mentioned on PCR vouchers is necessary for proper utilization of PCR amount
in terms of nature of expenses on MQTU vans. The error may lead to time,
cost and work loss. The data from across the country is being collected,
analyzed and controlled for defects with respect to the above listed
initiatives .All the MQTU chemists have been educated by time-to-time
instructions, which results to minimize the errors and subsequently to
improve the sigma level.
PSO is excelling day by day just because they implement what they plan and
then very effectively they tighten the chain and completes the controlling
process.

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BCG Matrix of PSO

The BCG matrix or also called BCG model. The BCG model is a well-known
portfolio management tool used in product life cycle theory. BCG matrix is
often used to prioritize which products within company product mix get more
funding and attention. The BCG matrix model is a portfolio planning model
developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the early
1970's.In the BCG matrix company classifies the products into four
categories on the basis of their market share and market growth relative to
the largest competitor. Each product has its product life cycle, and each
stage in product's life-cycle represents a different profile of risk and return. In
general, a company should maintain a balanced portfolio of products.
High
Anticipated
Growth Rate

Green XL

Low

LPG

Premier XL
High

Lubricant

Market Share

Low

Each product has its life cycle and each stage in product life cycle represents
different portfolio of risk and return. Company should have balanced
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portfolio. In the above BCG matrix of PSO its shown that their star is Green
XL that is diesel and their cash cow is Premier XL that is petrol, LPG is their
question mark and their dog is Lubricant.

BCG Matrix of Pakistan State Oil

BCG Stars:
Green XL is the star of PSO which has high market share as well as
high market growth. It is the leader of the business and generates
huge profits .If its sales growth becomes low so it will eventually turn
into a cash cow. So company needs to maintain its share and growth
rate.

BCG Cash Cows:

Premier XL is the cash cow of PSO. It has low growth but high market
share. It is a great source of earning money. It is a product for which
business strives for. As it has low growth, so company does not make
any new investments in it but the cash which is generated with the
help of this cash cow is invested in stars and question marks.

BCG Question Marks:

LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas is the question mark for PSO. It has high
market growth but low market share. It is a new product so it has high
demands and low returns due to low market share. Such kinds of
products need to increase their market share quickly otherwise they
can become dogs. The best way to handle them is to either invest
heavily in them to gain market share or to sell them.

BCG Dogs:
Lubricant is a dog for PSO. It is a flop product which needs to be sold
off quickly as it has a low market growth as well as low market share.
However PSO is planning to invest huge amount under its lubricant revival plan and
targeting to convert this dog into star.

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SWOT Analysis
SWOT stands for strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. SWOT Analysis
is a very important tool for accessing the organization and its environment. It
is an essential step of strategic management process which helps managers
in making decisions for the business. SWOT Analysis is used with other tool
such as PEST analysis and Porters Five Forces to access the business.
Strengths and Weaknesses are internal forces over which the organization
can work and can have a competitive advantage in the market because of
the unique strengths and can always find ways to asses the weaknesses,
whereas opportunities and threats are external forces over which the
company has no control but still it can exploit opportunities and can buffer
against threats. So following is the SWOT analysis of the rising PSO.

STRENGTHS:
1. PSO has all the necessary skill to compete and so has a competitive
advantage over its competitors.
2. The biggest and the most dominant strength of PSO is that it is the
largest Oil marketing company in Pakistan and has 72 percent of the
market share.
3. PSO is the public sector organization so it has the support of
government and all the adequate financial resources which are
imperative for a company.
4. PSO is up to date with technology as the company has the most
efficient computerized system.
5. PSO introduces new products according to the demand of its
stakeholders and practices product innovation which helps PSO in
augmenting its market share.
6. PSO is divided in different functional departments and each
department has a very strong strategy.
7. PSO is the most awarded Oil marketing company and has received
25 company awards; it has been listed as No.1 performing company
in Pakistan by Karachi Stock Exchange.
8. PSO is an environmental friendly organization and has set certain
standards which prevents every form of pollution and preserve
natural habitat.
9. PSO was the first Oil marketing company in Pakistan to introduce
Premier XL which is environment friendly petrol which cleans up
deposits from fuel injectors and boosts combustion efficiency. The
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benefits of premier XL are that it keeps engine clean, resulting in

quieter, improved performance and it keeps environment clean.
Premier XL also benefits the consumer of enjoying low maintenance
cost as it contains a corrosion inhibitor that keeps the other engine
parts and the fuel tank clean.

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WEAKNESSES:
1. Research and Development is the biggest strength of any organization
but PSO is falling behind in Research and Development. R & D
department is in only in Karachi and that is inactive.
2. PSO is the government organization and so it has many internal
problems such as extra staff and unnecessary political interference and
government intervention.
3. Sometimes PSO finds it difficult to implement strategies in front of its
competitors.
4. Instability is created in the company because the Managing Director is
changed as the government changes.
5. PSO has below average marketing skills, so it has weak marketing
image as compared to Shell.
6. Shell has created a lot of competition for PSO as it is the biggest
competitor.
7. As PSO is a public sector organization people conceive that it is has
feeble working system.

OPPORTUNITIES:
1. PSO can add innovation in the product to diversify, spread risk and
satisfy consumers.
2. PSO can use its effective marketing skills to enter new markets.
3. PSO has the ability to increase its financial position by converting its
losses into profits.
4. PSO can improve its image by converting the stop shops into attractive
restaurants.
5. PSO can sign more contracts with PARCO Pak Arab Refining Company
to increase its strength.

THREATS:
1. PSO faces a threat of new competitors having advanced technology.

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2. PSO also has a threat from other oil marketing companies with similar
products.
3. Decrease in demand for petrol due to increase in demand for CNG is a
threat for PSO,and if the Canadian law of CNG kit cars will be
introduced in Pakistan than it will be a problem for PSO.
4. Adverse government policies such as increase in taxes will also be a
threat for PSO.

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CONCLUSION
After completing our report and on Pakistan State Oil Company limited, we
have reached to the conclusion that management of PSO is fully capable
of handling all future increasing challenges. There is no doubt in our
minds that top to bottom, each and every employee share the vision of
the company, to transform this organization into a real energy company
which will reach the future first and the process will provide the energy
security to the country. PSO management and its employees are very
motivated, and have a clear vision, plans and strategies, strengths and
ambitions to continue the success march in achieving the corporate
objective.

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Appendix
Interviewees profile

Mr. SYED ZULFIQAR

ALI JAFFRI, after
completing Business Administration education from Canada, joined Pakistan
State Oil Company in 1983. He started his journey as Administration Officer,
where he was responsible for employees medical needs, later he moved to
Capital Budgeting Section and within two years time he was transferred to
retail marketing. Again after two years he was posted as Manager of PSO
training center.
He has a rich 27 years experience of Retail Sales, Marketing, Retail
Development & Sales Promotion, Training & Organizational Development,
and Consumer Business. Keeping in view of his vast experience he went as
secretary to Oil Company Advisory Committee (OCAC) which is a body
responsible to manage countrys energy needs and keep a close liaison with
Ministry Of Petroleum.
For the last 2 years, Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Jaffri is working as a General Manager
Consumer Business, however very recently he has been assigned the
challenging task of establishing PSOs lubricants as No.1 choice of Pakistani
consumers.

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Questionnaire
Q. 1)
Q. 2)
Q. 3)
Q. 4)
Q. 5)
Q. 6)
Q. 7)
Q. 8)
Q. 9)
Q. 10)
Q. 11)
Q. 12)
Q. 13)
Q. 14)
Q. 15)
Q. 16)
Q. 17)
Q. 18)
Q. 19)
Q. 20)
Q. 21)
Q. 22)
Q. 23)
Q. 24)
Q. 25)
Q. 26)
Q. 27)
Q. 28)

What is Pakistan State Oil all about?

What are the core values of PSO?
To what extent does PSO considers social responsibility important?
How is PSO working towards the benefits of the society?
What is the Culture of PSO? Is it strong or weak?
What are the organizations long term objectives?
What are the main strategies that help PSO fulfill its goal?
What are the organizations short-term objectives?
How difficult should individual goals be?
What is the basic organizational structure of PSO?
How much centralization should be there in the organization?
How do communication helps in organizing PSO?
How should jobs be designed?
When should the organization implement a different structure?
What is the most effective leadership style in a given situation?
How do managers motivate employees?
What are the different rewards that PSO offers to its employee?
How will a specific change affect worker productivity?
When is the right time to stimulate conflict?
What activities in the organization need to be controlled?
What are the imperative modes of controlling?
When is a performance deviation significant?
What type of management information system should the organization have?
How does competitors performance affects PSO?
How do competitors prices affect PSO?
How does external environment affect PSO?
How do stakeholders affect PSO?
How do managers in PSO cope with the uncertain environment?

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Bibliography

www.psopk.com
www.scribd.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.google.com
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Pakistan State Oil (PSO)

Szabist
BBA I- E 2010