Number Systems

Objectives

Measure voltages from switched logic sources for high and low logic levels.
Perform conversions between the binary number system and the decimal and
binary coded decimal (BCD) number systems.
Perform conversions between the hexadecimal number system and the binary
and decimal number systems.
Recognize positive logic and negative logic conventions.
Diagnose faults in switched logic sources.

Equipment

Circuit #1 of D3000 - 4.1 Fundamentals of Digital Logic-1 Module.

Procedure
Measurement of Voltage Levels provided by the Switched Signal Sources of
the DIGIAC 3000 - 4.1 Circuit Board

The multimeter is set to its 20V DC range and then connected to sockets 1.6
& 1.8 as shown in Fig 1.1a.
With the module power supplies ON, the voltmeter reading and the state of
indicating LED D1 was note, that was, whether ON or OFF. The voltage
measured represents the voltage output from switch S1 at logic level 0. The
values were entered in Table 1.1.
Switch S1was pressed and held down, and again note the voltmeter reading
and state of D1. This voltage represents the voltage output from switch S1 at
logic level 1. The values were entered in Table 1.1, then switch S1 was
released.
The voltmeter connection was transferred from socket 1.8 to 1.9. The
voltmeters reading for switch S2 was noted in its 0 & 1 position and also the
state of LED D2 was noted. The value in Table 1.1 is entered.
The procedure with the voltmeter connection in sockets 1.11, 1.13 & 1.15 in
turn to measure the output voltages and corresponding states of D3, D4 & D5
for 0 & 1 setting of switches S3, S4 & S5 are repeated. The values in Table
1.1 were entered.

Output Voltage for Switch and indicating LED state

S5

Logic Level 0
Logic Level 1
Table 1.1
From your readings taken during the exercise answer the following questions:
1.1a. The switch output voltage for logic level 0 is:
a) Less than 0.1V
b) Between 0.1V and 1V
c) Between 2V and 4V
d) More than 4V
1.1b. The switch output voltage for logic level 1 is:
a) Less than 0.1V
b) Between 0.1V and 1V
c) Between 2V and 4V
d) More than 4V

Discussion
While doing this experiment we figure that, All numbering systems have the
same basic composition which a set of symbols called digits. It also a base number
equal to the total number of different. The Decimal System is the normally used
arithmetical system. It uses the base of 10 and has values 0 - 9 for each digit.
The binary system is used in computer and logic systems since the two levels
0 and 1 can be represented open and closed positions of a switch. It also show two
voltage levels and the ON and OFF settings of a lamp.
The Hexadecimal system uses the base of 16 and requires a total of 16
characters to represent the possible different values of a digit. The numbers 0 - 9 are
available and the alphabet characters A - F are used for the equivalent of the decimal
values 10 -15.
Conversion from Decimal to other Base Systems happen for small value
numbers, the process can be carried out by inspection. Meanwhile For larger values,
repeated division by the base value until the result is zero and determination of the
remainder after each of the divisions is used. The value of the remainders gives the
converted value.

D5

Conclusion
At the end of this experiment we are able to measure voltages from switched
logic sources for high and low logic levels. We are also perform conversions
between the binary number system and the decimal and binary coded decimal
number system.
By doing this laboratory, we are able to perform conversions between the
hexadecimal number system and the binary and decimal number systems. We also
can recognize positive logic and negative logic conventions. In the end we can see
and diagnose faults in switches logic sources

Worksheet W1
Circuit #1:
The Management Computer has inserted a fault into the following circuit:

With the module power supplies ON and the meter set to its 20V DC range,
the voltage output and state of the corresponding indicating LED for switches
S1 - S5 was measured and the data in Table 1.2 was entered.
Output Voltage for Switch and indicating LED state
S1
D1
S2
D2
S3
D3
S4
D4

S5

D5

Logic Level 0
Logic Level 1
Table 1.2
Compare the results with those obtained during Exercise 1.1. List the
conditions had could cause the fault condition identified.

Fault Response: Enter the fault condition.

Now that you have completed the fault exercise, the fault has been removed
by the Management Computer.
5

Worksheet W2
Circuit #1:
The Management Computer has inserted a fault into the following circuit:

With the module power supplies ON and the meter set to its 20V DC range,
the voltage output and state of the corresponding indicating LED for switches
S1 - S5 was measured. The data in Table 1.3 was entered.
Output Voltage for Switch and indicating LED state
S1
D1
S2
D2
S3
D3
S4
D4

S5

Logic Level 0
Logic Level 1
Table 1.3
Compare the results with those obtained during Exercise 1.1. List the
conditions hat could cause the fault condition identified.

Fault Response: Enter the fault condition.

Now that you have completed the fault exercise, the fault has been removed
by the Management Computer.
6

D5

Student Assessment 1
1. The binary representation of the decimal value 13 is:
a) 1011
b) 1101
c) 1110

d) 1001

2. The decimal value of binary 01101101 is:

d) 111

3. The decimal value of the binary coded decimal value 100101100011 is:
a) 863
b) 953
c) 954
d) 963
4. The hexadecimal value of decimal value 99 is:
a) 5F
b) 63
c) 37
5. The hexadecimal value of binary value 01101001 is:
a) 69
b) D1
c) E9
6. The decimal value of hexadecimal value 12C is:
a) 188
b) 232
c) 300

d) 6B
d) 105
d) 312

7.
The maximum decimal value that can be represented by an 8-digit binary
number is:
a) 127
b) 255
c) 256
d) 511
8. In respect of positive logic convention, which of the following statements is
correct?
a) Logic level 1 is a positive voltage and level 0 is a negative voltage.
b) Logic level 1 is a positive voltage and level 0 is 0V.
c) Logic level 1 is the more positive voltage and level 0 is the more negative
voltage.
d) Logic level 1 is the more negative voltage and level 0 is the more positive
voltage.
9. In respect of negative logic convention, which of the following statements is
correct?
a) Logic level 1 is a positive voltage and level 0 is a negative voltage.
b) Logic level 1 is 0V and level 0 is a negative voltage.
c) Logic level 1 is the more positive voltage and level 0 is the more negative
voltage.
d) Logic level 1 is the more negative voltage and level 0 is the more positive
voltage.
10. Logic systems have the following voltage levels. Which represents a positive
logic system?
a) Logic level 1 = +2V, logic level 0 = +3V.
b) Logic level 1 = 0V, logic level 0 = +2V.
c) Logic level 1 = 0V, logic level 0 = -2V.
d) Logic level 1 = -3V, logic level 0 = -2V.