2.7.

2 INDIAN STUDIES
Devi (2015) conducted A Study of Academic Achievement of 10+1 Students in Relation to
Their Metacognition, Self-Confidence and Family Environment
The present study was aimed to study the relationship of Academic Achievement of 10+1
students of Haryana with their Metacognition, Self-Confidence and Family Environment and
interactional effect of Gender, Locale and Type of School on these variables. Metacognition
inventory by Govil (2003), Self-confidence inventory by Agnihotri (1987) and Family
Environment scale by Bhatia and Chadha (1993) were used for undertaking the study.
Academic Achievement was determined on the basis of percentage obtained by the students
in X class annual examination conducted by HBSE. The sample was selected from four
districts of Haryana using multi-stage and stratified random sampling technique and
comprised of 800 students studying in senior secondary schools of Board of School
Education Haryana. For analysis and interpretation of data descriptive and inferential
statistical techniques were used.
The results of the present study shows that 10+1 students of Haryana are high in their
academic achievement but average in their metacognition, self-confidence and family
environment. The study revealed that metacognition, self-confidence and family environment
are significantly related with the academic achievement of the students.
Study: 2
Murugan (2014) conducted a study on A study on Self-confidence among B.Ed. Students.
The present study aims to find out the Self-confidence among students in relation to gender,
locality and fathers education. The present study has been conducted with 610 B.Ed. .,
college students studying Puducherry region. The sample was selected by using random
sampling technique. The findings of the study reveal that the Self-confidence among the
B.Ed. students is high. It is noted that Self-confidence of B.Ed. students is not influenced by
gender and locality. Fathers education has significant difference on the Self-confidence.
Study: 3
Singh (2014) conducted a study on Effect of Meditation on Self Confidence of StudentTeachers in Relation to Gender and Religion. The aim of present study was to find out
effect of Shaktipat meditation on self-confidence of student teachers. An experiment was
conducted on 152 student-teachers of B. Ed. Course on the basis of non-randomized control
group pre-test post-test design. Self Confidence Inventory (1987) developed by Rekha
Agnihotry, Ravens Standard Progressive matrices (2000 ed.) were used for data collection.

Analysis by ANCOVA showed that Shaktipat Meditation was an effective practice to improve
self-confidence. Further, gender was found to be significantly affect Self Confidence whereas
religion not. Both male and female (gender); and both Hindu and Sikhs (religion) studentteachers have equally benefited from meditation when pre- Self Confidence and general
intelligence were statistically controlled.
Study: 4
Babita (2014) conducted a study on Teacher Effectiveness and Self-Confidence as
Predictors of Burnout among Male Secondary School Teachers. The study was intended
to predict burnout of male secondary school teachers on the basis teacher effectiveness and
self-confidence. Sample of the study consists of 300 male teachers of Government secondary
schools of Punjab, India. Maslach burnout inventory (Form Ed) by Maslach and Jackson
(1986) was used to collect data of burnout, Kulsum teacher effectiveness Scale (KTES) by
Kulsum (2000) and Self.confidence inventory (ASCI) by Agnihotri (1987) were used to
collect data of teacher effectiveness. The results of the study showed significant negative
relationship between teacher effectiveness and the two dimensions of burnout i.e. emotional
exhaustion and depersonalization of teachers where as significant positive relation exists
between teacher effectiveness and personal accomplishment (third dimension of Burnout).
Study: 5
Aggarwal Preeti, (2012) conducted a study on A Comparative Study of Self Confidence of
Single Child and Child with Sibling. There is no significant difference between Self
Confidence of single child and child with sibling. For the purpose of study 80 children were
being selected on random sampling basis out of cluster of students of class IX and X. in the
area of NCR. Out of which 40 students were single child and 40 students were children with
sibling. For the purpose of study Agnihotri Self Confidence Inventory (ASCI) by Dr.(Miss)
Rekha Agnihotri was administered to the sample. The analysis of data revealed that the
children with sibling have more self-confident than single children. There is significant
negative relationship between sense of alienation and lack of self-confidence. If the sense of
alienation is high, the level of self-confidence is low.
Study: 6
Gaurav Dureja (2011) conducted a study on Self-confidence and Decision Making
between Psychology and Physical Education Students: A comparative study. The present
study aimed to compare the self-confidence and decision making abilities between
psychology and physical education students. A total of eighty (N = 80) male subjects
participated; forty (N = 40) psychology students and forty (N = 40) physical education

students from various affiliated colleges of Panjab University, Chandigarh were randomly
selected for the collection of data. The age of the subjects ranged between 19 to 25 years.
Self-confidence was measured by applying self-confidence questionnaire and decision
making was measured by applying decision making questionnaire. The ttest was applied to
find out the difference between mean scores of psychology and physical education students.
The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed significant difference with
regard to variable self-confidence between psychology and physical education students.
However, the results with regard to the variable decision making were found statistically
significant between psychology and physical education students. Physical education students
have better self-confidence and decision making level as compared to their counterpart
psychology students.
Study: 7
Parvathamma and Sharnamma (2010) conducted a study on anxiety level and level of
Self-confidence and their relation with academic achievement.
To find outthe difference between level of Self-confidence of the boys and girls students of
IX standard. For the present study six high schools of Chamrajnaga taluk in Karnataka were
selected randomly. Totally 300 students were selected by randomly selecting 50 students from
each school including boys and girls. For the present study, following tool were used, Selfconfidence checklist (SCC) by Basvanna and Anxiety scale by Srivastasva & Govind Tiwari
and school records for academic achievement t test was used for determining the
significance of difference between the means. Pearsons product movement correlation
technique was used to find out the relationship between anxiety, Self-confidence and
academic achievement. There was significant difference between Self-confidence level of
boys and girls.
Study: 8
Mohd Hafir (2009) conducted a study on The relationship between academic
self-confidence and cognitive performance among Engineering Students. The main
The objectives were to determine if there is any difference in the academic self-confidence of
students givenpositive stimulus and negative stimulus to determine if there is any difference
in the cognitive performance of students given positive stimulus and negative stimulus.There
is no statistically significant difference between the academic self-confidence of students
given positive and negative stimulus. There is no statistically significant difference between
the cognitive performance of students given positive and negative stimulus. The samples for
the study were selected using the stratified random sampling method where one polytechnic

was chosen randomly from 20 polytechnics and 122 subjects were selected from this
polytechnic. The data gathering tools were a GSC questionnaire, an ACS instrument and a
cognitive test instrument. The results indicated that cognitive performance among
engineering students is improved when giving positive verbal input and the opposite is
observed when given a negative verbal input.
Study: 9
Raweewat Rattanakoses (2009) conducted a study on Evaluating the Relationship of
Imagery and Self-Confidence in Female and Male Athletes.
The aim of the study to find out the relationship between imagery and self-confidence in
athletes by use of a self-report of sports experiences. It was expected that females would have
imagery and self-confidence differences compared to males. It was also expected that the use
of imagery can improve an athletes physical fitness level and performance so that a high
level of imagery may be linked to Self Confidence. In addition, it is predicted that for both
genders, imagery ability and Self Confidence will positively correlate with the range of low
to high scores on the questionnaires. The selected population consisted of athletes who were
students of the Khan Kaen Sport School in punjab, and who are studying and training in
sports training programs 5 days a week. All subjects were randomly selected by purposive
sampling of all the selected athletes (n=120), 71 (59.2%) were male and 49 (40.8%) were
female. These athletes had different competitive sports backgrounds (e.g. football,
weightlifting, handball, boxing, and tennis) and also took a break in training during the offseason of their programs.This study showed that there is a correlation between males and
females, as determined based on an ANOVA test which compared imagery and selfconfidence. Subscale physical fitness levels consisted of medium, high, and highest levels,
and all levels were significantly different (F=15.760, P<0.001, df (degrees of freedom) 2,
117) for imagery and significantly different (F=6.088, P<0.05, df2, 117) for self-confidence.
Study: 10
Geeta (2006) conducted a study on Impact of Emotional Maturity on Stress and
Self Cofidence of Adolesce.
As emotions do play central role in the life of an individual, one is expected to have higher
emotional maturity in order to lead a effective life. It is also true that our behavior is
constantly influenced by the emotional maturity level that we possess. Especially, the
adolescents who are observed to be highly emotional in their dealings need to be studied. In
view of this, an attempt is made in present study to find out the impact of emotional maturity
of adolescents on their stress and Self-confidence. Sample of the study consists of 105

adolescents studying in XI and XII class at Dharwad city Karnataka State, India. The scales
such as emotional maturity (Singh and Bhargav, 1994), Self Confidence Inventory (Rekha
Agnihotri, 1987) and Students Stress Scale (Deo, 1997) were administered on the selected
sample. Along with responses to the above scales, some personal data information were also
collected from the sample. The obtained responses were scored and converted to standard (T)
scores, further subjected to t and F tests. The findings revealed that the adolescents with
high emotional maturity have significantly high stress (t=10.44; p< 0.001) and selfconfidence (t=-2.92; p< 0.01) when compared to those with low emotional maturity.
Adolescents with more number of siblings have shown significantly higher level of Self
-confidence (t = 2.96; p< 0.01) than their counter parts. It is also found that educational level
of father has significantly influenced stress of their adolescent children (F= 5.303; p< 0.01).
Adolescent boys tend to have significantly higher stress than girls (t=1.72) and girls tend to
have significantly high Self-confidence (t=1.83).