Heart Attack
Heart Attack
Heart Attack
attack
A
heart
attack
is
a
serious
medical
emergency
in
which
the
supply
of
blood
to
the
heart
is
suddenly
blocked,
usually
by
a
blood
clot.
Lack
of
blood
to
the
heart
can
seriously
damage
the
heart
muscle.
A
heart
attack
is
known
medically
as
a
myocardial
infarction
or
MI.
Like
all
other
tissues
and
organs
in
the
body,
the
heart
needs
a
constant
supply
of
oxygen-rich
blood.
Without
this
supply,
heart
muscles
may
be
damaged
and
begin
to
die.
If
this
is
not
treated,
heart
muscles
will
experience
irreversible
damage.
If
a
large
portion
of
the
heart
is
damaged,
the
heart
will
stop
beating
(known
as
a
cardiac
arrest),
resulting
in
death.
Symptoms
can
include:
Chest
pain
the
chest
can
feel
like
it
is
being
pressed
or
squeezed
by
a
heavy
object,
and
pain
can
radiate
from
the
chest
to
the
jaw,
neck,
arms
and
back.
Usually
the
left
arm
is
affected,
but
it
can
affect
both
arms.
lack
of
breath
feeling
weak
and/or
lightheaded
(dizzy)
overwhelming
feeling
of
anxiety
(similar
to
having
a
panic
attack)
sweating
feeling
sick
It
is
important
to
know
that
not
everyone
experiences
severe
chest
pain;
the
pain
can
often
be
mild
and
mistaken
for
indigestion.
Cardiac
arrest
In
some
cases
a
complication
called
ventricular
arrhythmia
can
cause
the
heart
to
go
into
spasm
and
then
to
stop
beating.
This
is
known
as
sudden
cardiac
arrest.
Signs
and
symptoms
of
a
person
having
cardiac
arrest
include:
they
appear
not
to
be
breathing
they
are
not
moving
they
do
not
respond
to
any
stimulation,
such
as
being
touched
or
spoken
If
you
think
somebody
has
gone
into
cardiac
arrest
and
you
do
not
have
access
to
a
piece
of
equipment
called
an
automated
external
defibrillator
(AED),
you
should
perform
chest
compressions,
as
this
can
help
restart
the
heart.
Chest
compression
To
carry
out
a
chest
compression:
Place
the
heel
of
your
hand
on
the
breastbone
at
the
centre
of
the
persons
chest.
Place
your
other
hand
on
top
of
your
first
hand
and
interlock
your
fingers.
Using
your
body
weight
(not
only
your
arms),
press
down
by
5-6cm
on
their
chest.
Repeat
this
until
an
ambulance
arrives.
Aim
to
do
the
chest
compressions
at
a
rate
of
100-120
compressions
a
minute.
Family
history
If
you
have
a
first-degree
relative
(a
parent,
brother
or
sister)
with
a
history
of
heart
disease
such
as
angina,
heart
attack
or
stroke
you
are
twice
as
likely
to
develop
similar
problems,
compared
to
the
general
population.
Air
pollution
Research
has
found
that
exposure
to
air
pollution,
specifically
traffic
pollution,
can
cause
a
significant
rise
in
your
chance
of
developing
CHD.
Less
common
causes:
Drug
misuse
Stimulants
such
as
cocaine,
amphetamines
and
methamphetamines
can
cause
coronary
arteries
to
narrow,
restricting
blood
supply
and
triggering
a
heart
attack.
Heart
attacks
from
the
use
of
cocaine
are
one
of
the
most
common
causes
of
sudden
death
in
young
people.
Lack
of
oxygen
in
the
blood
(hypoxia)
If
levels
of
oxygen
in
the
blood
decrease
due
to
carbon
monoxide
poisoning
or
a
loss
of
normal
lung
function,
the
heart
will
receive
un-oxygenated
blood.
Aneurysm
An
aneurysm
is
a
weakness
in
a
blood
vessel
wall.
If
the
blood
vessel
wall
becomes
weakened
in
a
certain
point,
it
wont
be
able
to
withstand
the
pressure
of
blood.
How
Is
a
Heart
Attack
Diagnosed?
To
diagnose
a
heart
attack,
an
emergency
care
team
will
ask
you
about
your
symptoms
and
begin
to
evaluate
you.
The
diagnosis
of
the
heart
attack
is
based
on
your
symptoms
and
test
results.
The
goal
of
treatment
is
to
treat
you
quickly
and
limit
heart
muscle
damage.
Tests
to
Diagnose
a
Heart
Attack
ECG
.
The
ECG
(also
known
as
electrocardiogram)
can
tell
how
much
damage
has
happened
to
your
heart
muscle
and
where
it
has
happened.
In
addition,
your
heart
rate
and
rhythm
can
be
monitored.
Blood
tests.
Blood
may
be
drawn
to
measure
levels
of
cardiac
enzymes
that
indicate
heart
muscle
damage.
These
enzymes
are
normally
found
inside
the
cells
of
your
heart
and
are
needed
for
their
function.
By
measuring
the
levels
of
these
enzymes,
the
doctor
can
determine
the
size
of
the
heart
attack
and
approximately
when
the
heart
attack
started.
Echocardiography.
Echocardiography
is
an
imaging
test
that
can
be
used
during
and
after
a
heart
attack
to
learn
how
the
heart
is
pumping
and
what
areas
are
not
Aim
=
pretender
Aneurysm
=
aneurisma
At
a
rate
=
a
un
ritmo
Beat
=
latir
Breastbone
=
esternn
Bursts
=
explosionar
Cardiac
arrest
=
paro
cardiaco
Carry
out
=
llevar
a
cabo,
realizar
Chest
=
pecho
Clogged
up
=
taparse,
entaponarse
Degree
=
grado
Echocardiography
=
ecocardiografa
Exposure
=
exposicin
Goal
=
objetivo
Greater
=
mayor
Heavy
=
pesado
Heel
=
palma,
taln
However
=
sin
embargo
Interlock
=
entrelazar
Jaw
=
mandibula
Lightheaded
=
mareado
Likely
=
probable
Lung
=
pulmn
Mild
=
leve,
suave
Mistaken
=
confundido,
errneo
Misuse
=
abuso
Myocardial
infarction
=
infarto
de
miocardio
Narrow
=
estrecharse
Oily
fish
=
pescado
azul
Overweight
=
sobrepeso
Overwhelming
=
abrumador
Poisoning
=
envenenamiento
Pollution
=
contaminacin
Poorly
=
pobremente,
mal
Pressed
=
presionado
Pumping
=
bombear
Relative
=
pariente
Research
=
investigacin
Squeezed
=
exprimido
Strain
=
tensin
Supply
=
suministro,
abastecimiento
Sweat
=
sudar
Team
=
equipo
Tissues
=
tejido
Triggering
=
desencadenando
Vessels
=
vaso
Withstand
=
resistir