Za iskazivanje triju osnovnih vremenskih pojmova, sadanjosti, prolosti i budunosti, koristi

se izrazito veliki broj glagolskih vremena i oblika.

Sadanjost se moe izraziti sljedeim engleskim vremenima:
Present continuous tense (am/is/are asking)
Present simple tense (ask, asks)
Present perfect continuous tense (have/has been asking)
Present perfect tense (have/has asked
Present simple passive (am/is/are asked)
Present continuous passive (am/is/are being asked)
Prolost se moe izraziti pomou sljedeih glagolskih vremena i oblika:
1. Present perfect tense
2. Present perfect continuous tense
3. Historic (Dramatic) present
4. Past simple tense
5. Past continuous tense
6. Past perfect continuous tense
7. Past perfect tense
8. Used to + infinitiv
9. Would + infinitiv
10. Participles
11. Having + past participle i Having been + past participle
12. Being + past participle
13. Present perfect passive
14. Past simple passive
15. Past continuous passive
16. Past perfect passive
Budunost se moe izraziti primjenom ovih glagolskih oblika:
1. Future simple tense
2. Future continuous tense
3. Future simple in the past
4. Future continuous in the past
5. Future perfect tense
6. Present simple tense
7. Present continuous tense
8. going to + infinitive
9. to be about to + infinitive i to be to + infinitive
10. Future tense passive

SADANJOST
I. Present continuous tense
Ovaj se prezent tvori od prezenta pomonog glagola to be (am, is, are) i
participa prezenta aktiva glagola koji elimo upotrijebiti (ask+ing; go+ing, write+ing
itd.). (The present continuous tense is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary
verb be + the present participle).
potvrdi (affirmative)
I am working
you are working
he/she/it is working
we are working
you are working
they are working

nijeni (negative)
I am not working
you are not working
he/she/it is not working
we are not working
you are not working
they are not working

upitni (interrogative)
am I working?
are you working?
is he/she/it working?
are we working?
are you working?
are they working?

Skraivanje (contractions): glagol be moe se skratiti kako je prikazano u

sljedeoj tabeli:
potvrdi (affirmative)
I'm working
you're working
he's working
we're working
you're working

nijeni (negative)
I'm not working
you're not working
he's not working
we're not working
you're not working

upitno/nijeni (negative interrogative)

aren't I working?
aren't you working?
isn't he working?
aren't we working?
aren't you working?

Napomena:
Prilikom dodavanja nastavka ing na infinitiv glagola (tvorba participa prezenta)moe se
desiti jedan od sljedeih pet sluajeva:
U glagolu ne dolazi do promjene, samo se doda nastavak ing.
ask-asking, walk-walking, go-going, do-doing, buy-buying, watch-watching, warnwarning, sleep-sleeping, speak-speaking, wash-washing, read-reading, enjoyenjoying, hurry-hurrying, carry-carrying itd.
Ako se infinitiv glagola zavrava na e koje se ne izgovara (when a verb ends in a
single e), onda se takvo e izostavlja pred nastavkom ing. Hate-hating, give-giving,
decide-decidingmake-making, take-taking, close-closing, type-typing, leave-leaving,
drive-driving, love-loving, come-coming, promise-promising, celebrate-celebrating,
face-facing, dance-dancing, reduce-reducing, translate-translating, rule-ruling,
admire-admiring,
Ako jednosloni glagol ima samo jedan samoglasnik (vowel) i zavrava s jednim
suglasnikom, tada se ovaj suglasnik (consonant) udvostruuje ispred - ing.
hit-hitting, run-running, stop-stopping, set-setting, swim-swimming, cut-cutting, planplanning, put-putting, sit-sitting, beg-begging, rob-robbing, itd.
Ako glagoli od dva i vie slogova, iji zadnji slog ima samo jedan samoglasnik,
zavrava s jednim suglasnikom, treba ga udvostruiti ukoliko naglasak pada na
zadnji slog.

ad'mit admitting, be'gin beginning, pre'fer preferring,confer-conferring itd.

(izuzeci su: budget-budgeting, enter-entering)
Krajnje l se udvostruuje iza jednog samoglasnika:
signal-signalling, control-controlling, travel-travelling,

Primjena Presenta continuous tensa

1. Za radnju koja se dogaa u trenutku kad o njoj govorimo.

It is raining.
I am not wearing a coat as it isn't cold.
What are you doing? I'm reading a novel.
Why are you sitting at my desk?
What's the baby doing? She is sleeping.

2. Za izraavanje radnje koja se ne mora deavati u trenutku govorenja, ve traje

neko vrijeme. Rije je o tzv. durativnoj radnji.
He is writing an English textbook.
I am reading a play by Shaw (ovo moe znaiti u trenutku u kojem govorim, ili
openito).
He is teaching French and learning Greek (ne mora biti u trenutku govorenja).
We are all growing older.
They are building a new bridge over The Neretva river.
I am studying together with my friend Ana.
She is working with her father.

3. Trajni prezent se upotrebljava uz always, constantly, forever kako bi izrazio

neka bitna svojstva osobe o kojoj se govori, njezin uobiajeni nain
ponaanja. U takvoj situaciji govornik esto (ne uvijek) izraava prigovor,
protest, prijekor, a cijela struktura ima negativan prizvuk.
He is always losing his keys. (prijekor)
John is always leaving his dirty shirts on the floor. (prijekor, kritika)
Ann is constantly asking many questions.
Tom is always going away for weekends (ne misli se bukvalno, osoba samo
misli da Tom preesto negdje ide za vikende)(da upotrijebimo present simple tense to
bi znailo da on uistinu svaki vikend negdje odlazi).
Vera's always messing up the whole kitchen.
I'm always making that mistake (moe se upotrijebiti I/we + always
ponovljena radnja je tada esto nehotimina - sluajna).

4. Za izraavanje bliske, izvjesne radnje u budunosti. Tada se najee navodi i

prilog za vrijeme u kojem e se radnja izvriti.

We are leaving Mostar tomorrow morning.

I'm visting my friend Mary tonight.
He's meeting Peter tonight. Peter's taking him to the theatre.
Ann is going to the concert on Sunday.
Are you doing anything tomorrow afternoon? Yes, I'm playing tennis with Ann.
He's coming home this Saturday.

Upamtiti: Kada govorimo o namjeri da se neto uradi u budunosti, mada nisu

napravljeni konani dogovori, radije koristimo going to. A kada elimo naglasiti da
govorimo o definitivnom dogovoru, radije koristimo present continuous. Pogledajmo:
Before we go to China next year, I am
going to learn come Cantonese.
I'm still not feeling very well, so I think I'm
going to see the doctor some time this
week.
What are you going to do next, now
that you have finished you course.

They're leaving from Frankfurt airport at

6.30.
We're having a party on Sunday, 12th
November. Can you come?
The orchestra is performing Mahler's 5th
Symphony at next week's concert.

Present continuous ne koristimo za buduu radnju:

kada predviamo ili iznosimo predvianja o radnjama i dogaajima nad kojima

nemamo kontrolu.
I think it's going to rain soon (It'll rain soon) (nikako It is raining)
Scientist say that the satellite is going to fall/will fall to Earth some time this
afternoon (ne It is falling).

kada govorimo o trajnim buduim situacijama:

People are going to live/will live/will be living longer in the future.
The brothers are going to own/will own most of the building in the street before
long.
Her new house is going to have/will have three floors (continuous ne ide s have
u smislu posjedovanja).

s glagolom be

John's going to be away next week

I'm going to be in Tokyo in May.

Napomena: Poto izbjegavamo koristiti glagol to go s konstrukcijom going to,

koristimo Present continuous:
I'm going to town on Saturday (prije to nego I'm going to go)
Alice is going to university next year (prije to nego is going to go to univerity).

Napomena:
Continuous tenses se uglavnom koriste za namjerne (hotimine) radnje. Stoga
se neki glagoli obino ne koriste u continuous-u i imaju samo jedan presen tense
simple present. Ovi glagoli se mogu grupirati kako slijedi:
A. Glagoli percipiranja (nevoljne radnje): feel, hear, see, smell, notice, observe
Feel kada znai sense - The water feels cold; Don't you feel the house
shaking?
(izuzeci: feel How do you feel = How are you feeling? I'm feeling better. Kada iza
feel ide pridjev koji ukazuje na emocije, fiziko ili mentalno stanje subjekta, tada se

ovaj glagol moe staviti u continuous; The doctor was feeling her pulse - ovdje
feel=touch; He was feeling for the keyhole in the dark feel for =try to find
something by touching)
look kada je on tzv. link verb: That cakes looks good.Meutim, uz look
at/for/in/into/out and look/on (watch)ide continuous tense, jer su to hotimine radnje.
smell ne koristimo continuous ako smell znai osjeati miris, ali ga
koristimo ako znai sniff at - njuiti Why are you smelling the milk?
taste imati okus ne ide u continuous tense (This tastes terrible), ali moe
ako je taste = kuati, probati (She is tasting the pudding)
see = vidjeti ne ide u continuous, ali moe ukoliko znai sastati se: I am seeing
my soliciter tomorrow; posjetiti (visit) - Tom is seeing the town; see about
dogovarati se, see to srediti, raditi na neemu The plumber is seeing to the leak
in our tank; see somebody out ispratiti nekoga do vrata; see somebody home
otpratiti nekoga kui; see somebody to + place otpratiti nekoga do ; see someone
off pozdraviti se s nekim na mjestu njegova polaska (aerodrom, kolodvor itd.)Bill is
seeing us off at the airport.
hear moe u continuous ako znai slubeno neto sasluati - The court is
hearing evidence (complaints) this afternoon. Takoer hear = receive news or letters
moe u continuous tense . You'll be hearing about the new scheme at our next
meeting.
B. Glagoli koji izraavaju osjeaje (emocionalna stanja): love, hate, like, mind (=care),
respect, value, want, wish, admire (=respect), adore, appreciate (=value), desire,
detest, dislike, fear. Ali, I'm minding my own business (mind=look after/concern
oneself with), like/love = enjoy How are you liking your new job? I'm hating it hate
= not enjoy.
C. Glagoli koji se odnose na mentalna svojstva osobe (mental activity): agree,
appreciate (=understand), assume, believe, expect (=think), feel (=think), feel
sure/certain, forget, know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, recollect,
remember, see (=understand), see through someone (procijeniti nekoga), suppose,
think (=have an opinion), trust (=believe/have confidence in), understand
think What are you thinking about? (ne trai se miljenje o neemu; Tom is
thinking of emigrating. What do you think of the idea? (trai se miljenje)
I am assuming that you have time to do a lot of research. (meaning accept as
a starting point).
I am expecting a letter (expect = await=oekivati).
D. Glagoli koji oznaavaju posjedovanje: belong, owe, own, possess.
E. Ostali glagoli koji ne idu u continuous tense: appear (seem), concern, consist,
contain, hold (=contain), matter, seem, signify, sound (seem/appear), decide, wish,
find, include.
They are appearing on the stage this Sunday (Izii e pred publiku ove
nedjelje).

II. The simple present tense

U potvrdnom obliku Simple present ima isti oblik kao infinitiv bez to kod svih
lica osim III. lica jednine. U treem licu jednine na infinitiv glagola dodaje se nastavak
s ili es. (In the affirmative the simple present tense has the same form as the
infinitive but adds an s for the third person singular).
potvrdi (affirmative)
I work
you work
he/she/it works
we work
you work
they work

nijeni (negative)
I do not work
you do not work
he/she/it does not work
we do not work
you do not work
they do not work

upitni (interrogative)
do I work
do you work
does he/she/it work
do we work
do you work
do they work

negative interrogative
do I not work?
do you not work?
does he/she/it not work?
do we not work?
do you not work?
do they not work?

Skraivanje (contractions): glagol do se obino skrauje u nijenom i upitnonijenom obliku: I don't work, he doesn't work, don't I work?, doesn't he work?
Napomena u svezi pisanja i izgovora (spelling notes)
Ako se glagol zavrava na ss, sh, ch, x i o dodaje se nastavak es ( a
izgovara iz):
- to miss
- to box
- to rush
- to watch
- to wash

- he/she misses
- he/she boxes
- he/she rushes
- he/she watches
- he/she washes

- to kiss
- to go
- to do
- to push
- to undergo

- he/she kisses
- he/she goes
- he/she does
- he/she pushes
- he/she undergoes

Kada y slijedi iza suglasnika, ono se mijenja u i, te se u III. licu jednine dodaje
nastavak es.
- to carry
- to cry
- to try
- to fly
- to apply

he/she carries
he/she cries
he/she tries
he/she flies
he/she applies

- to copy
- to testify
- to comply
- to certify
- to retry

he/she copies
he/she testifies
he/she complies
he/she certifies
he/she retries

ali: I obey, He obeys; I say, He says; I play, He plays; I stay, He stays.

Kada se glagol zavrava na e, u III. licu jednine dodaje se nastavak s koje se
razliito izgovara ovisno o toga je li suglasnik koji prethodi krajnjem e zvuni (b,d, g,
n, m, l, v) ili bezvuni(p,k,t,f): lives (livz); likes (laiks); drives (draivz.

Nijeni oblik se tvori dodavanjem infinitiva glagola koji elimo upotrijebiti

prezentu pomonog glagola to do u nijenom obliku.
I do not (don't) ask; He does not (doesn't) ask; We do not (don't) ask itd.

Upitni oblik pravi se od upitnog oblika prezenta pomonog glagola to do

kojem se dodaje infinitiv upotrijebljenog glagola.
Do I ask?; Do you ask?; Does he ask?; Do we ask? itd.

Upitno-nijeni oblik tvori se dodavanjem negacije not iza upitnog oblika

prezenta glagola to do, a ispred infinitiva glagola koji elimo upotrijebiti.
Do I not ask?, Does he not ask? Do we not ask?itd.

Primjena Simple present tensa

1. Kada se iskazuje uobiajena radnja (habitual action), tj. radnja koja se
uobiajeno deava, ali ne u trenutku kada se o njoj govori.
He smokes.

Dog barks.

Cats drink milk.

2. Present simple tense se esto koristi uz priloke oznake vremena: often,

usually, on Mondays, every week, almost every day, sometimes, from time to
time, every month, twice a month (a week), now and then itd.

We usually have dinner at 6 o'clock.

His friends call him to go out almost every day.
Does Mary write letters very often?
I go to church on Sundays.
He always works at night.
Women generally put on their make-up in the morning.
He visits his granny from time to time.

3. Ovim vremenom iskazuju se ope konstatacije, a vremenski okviri se ne

spominju, zatim opepoznate injenice, znanstvene istine i poslovice.

A week has seven days, and every day has 24 hours.

Every child needs good care.
Mary goes to work by car and her brother by bus.
He understands Italian a little bit but he doesn't speak it.
I do not agree with the chairman.
The policeman controls traffic at the crossroads.
The moon goes around the earth.
After rain comes sunshine.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
The sun rises in the east.
Don't cry over spilt milk.
A stich in time saves nine.

4. Koristi se i u vremenskim reenicama koje izraavaju rutinu ili habitualnu

(uobiajenu) radnju. Whenever i when su posebice korisni:

Whenever it rains the roof leaks.

When you open the door a light goes in.

5. Koristi se, uglavnom uz glagol say, kada pitamo o ili citiramo navode u
knjigama, obavijestima ili naskoro dobivenim pismima.
What does that notice say? It says, No parking.
What does the book say? It says, Cook very slowly.
I see you've got a letter from Ann. What does she say? She says she is coming
to London next week.
Shakespeare says, Neither a borrower nor a lender be.

6. Koristi se u novinskim naslovima.

MASS MURDERER ESCAPES

PEACE TALKS FAIL

7. Koristi se za opis prolih dogaaja radi privlaenja vee panje sluatelja, radi
postizanja dramske tenzije i ostavljanja upeatljivijeg utiska (Historic ili
Dramatic Present).
When the curtains rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly the window
opens and a masked man enters.
She reads these sentences aloud, throws the letter away and starts to cry.
The robber grabs the bag, jumps into the car very quickly and drives away as
fast as he can. He knows the police are neraby.
I get up late, take a shower very quickly, drink a glass of orange juice, don't eat
anything, jump into my car and drive to school hoping to arrive on time.

Svi ovi dogaaji su u prolosti, ali im pripovijeda eli dati poseban peat ivosti
pa ih pria u sadanjem vremenu.
8. PST se upotrebljava i za buduu, unaprijed planiranju radnju (ili niz radnji),
posebice kada se ta radnja ili radnje odnose na putovanje. Putniki agenti ga
prilino koriste.
We leave London at 10.00 next Tuesday and arrive in Paris at 13.00. We
spend two hours in Paris and leave again at 15.00. We arrive at Rome at 19.39,
spend four hours in Rome etc.
She leaves Mostar tomorrow night.
When does your brother come back? I think he comes back in two days.
We fly to London on Sunday morning.
He takes his children to the city park tomorrow night.

9. Ovo se vrijeme upotrebljava s glagolima koji ne mogu imati trajni aspekt

(progressive tense), iako se njime iskazuje radnja koja se upravo dogaa u
trenutku govora.

I understand what he is telling me.

We are sure they love us very much.
I imagine the whole situation (I can imagine)
It seems to me he will not come at all.
That doesn't include me at all.
I see what is going on here.
My father owns this beatutiful house, not you.
You are telling me something that I really doubt.
We hear our guests coming.
She feels the danger hanging in the air.
They recognize their car that was stolen two days ago.

Kad se eli posebno naglasiti da je radnja koja se spominje zaista u toku, kad o
njoj govorimo, moe se upotrijebiti modalni glagol can u kombinaciji s glagolima koji
ne mogu imati trajni oblik. Dakle: I can hear you (see you, understand you, feel the
danger, imagine your trouble).
10. U pogodbenim reenicama, tip 1:

If I see Ann I'll ask her.

Unless you take the brake off the car won't move.
If he sleeps a little less, he'll be at school in time.
He will join us if he has enough time.
He will refuse to come even if I ask him again.

11. U vremenskim reenicama:

When it stops raining we'll go out.

Go out before your father comes.
Who will tell him the truth when she comes?
Most probably I will call you when I come home.
She takes the boy to school before she goes to work.
As soon as he earns any money he spends it.
Wait here till the train stops.

12. PST se obino koristi u usklinim reenicama iako se radnja koja se spominje
deava u trenutku kada o njoj govorimo. Ovo vai samo za izvjestan broj
glagola kao: sit, stand, go, come, be.

Here comes our teacher!

Here comes the magic school bus!
Here they are!