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    Artificial Intelligence: When A.I and Neuroscience Collide

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    Artificial intelligence aims to model human-level intelligence using computational methods. There are four main questions regarding achieving true AI: 1) What is intelligence and how can it be defined for non-sentient machines? 2) Will we achieve human-level or greater-than-human intelligence through computational power alone? 3) How can neuroscience inform AI research through modeling the brain's structure and function? 4) How can intelligent systems be successfully applied through approaches like knowledge representation, planning, and learning?

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    Artificial Intelligence: When A.I and Neuroscience Collide

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    acxyvb
    46 views16 pages
    Artificial intelligence aims to model human-level intelligence using computational methods. There are four main questions regarding achieving true AI: 1) What is intelligence and how can it be defined for non-sentient machines? 2) Will we achieve human-level or greater-than-human intelligence through computational power alone? 3) How can neuroscience inform AI research through modeling the brain's structure and function? 4) How can intelligent systems be successfully applied through approaches like knowledge representation, planning, and learning?

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    NeuroScienceAI

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    Artificial intelligence aims to model human-level intelligence using computational methods. There are four main questions regarding achieving true AI: 1) What is intelligence and how can it be defined for non-sentient machines? 2) Will we achieve human-level or greater-than-human intelligence through computational power alone? 3) How can neuroscience inform AI research through modeling the brain's structure and function? 4) How can intelligent systems be successfully applied through approaches like knowledge representation, planning, and learning?

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    Download as odp, pdf, or txt
    46 views16 pages

    Artificial Intelligence: When A.I and Neuroscience Collide

    Uploaded by

    acxyvb
    Artificial intelligence aims to model human-level intelligence using computational methods. There are four main questions regarding achieving true AI: 1) What is intelligence and how can it be defined for non-sentient machines? 2) Will we achieve human-level or greater-than-human intelligence through computational power alone? 3) How can neuroscience inform AI research through modeling the brain's structure and function? 4) How can intelligent systems be successfully applied through approaches like knowledge representation, planning, and learning?

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    Artificial Intelligence

    when a.i and neuroscience collide.


    If there were machines which bore a resemblance to our bodies and imitated
    our actions as closely as possible for all practical purposes, we should still have
    two very certain means of recognizing that they were not real men. The first is
    that they could never use words, or put together signs, as we do in order to
    declare our thoughts to others. For we can certainly conceive of a machine so
    constructed that it utters words, and even utters words that correspond to bodily
    actions causing a change in its organs. But it is not conceivable that such a
    machine should produce different arrangements of words so as to give an
    appropriately meaningful answer to whatever is said in its presence, as the
    dullest of men can do. Secondly, even though some machines might do some
    things as well as we do them, or perhaps even better, they would inevitably fail
    in others, which would reveal that they are acting not from understanding, but
    only from the disposition of their organs. For whereas reason is a universal
    instrument, which can be used in all kinds of situations, these organs need some
    particular action; hence it is for all practical purposes impossible for a machine
    to have enough different organs to make it act in all the contingencies of life in
    the way in which our reason makes us act.
    Descartes – Discourse on the Method (1637).
    overview.
    four essential questions:

    intelligence: what is it?


    ●

    'true' AI?
    ●

    how does neuroscience play a role?


    ●

    implementation?
    ●
    #define intelligence;

    What does it mean for a non-sentient entity to be


    'intelligent'?

    DNE.

    Alan Turing and the foundation of modern


    computing.
    #define intelligence;
    Turing test: if an intelligent machine can convince
    any human observer that it is intelligent, then the
    machine is intelligent.
    (the imitation test.)

    Simplistic?
    #define intelligence;
    knowledge representation.
    -Qualification problem.
    -Sub-symbolic representation.

    planning.
    -decision-making.

    learning.
    -relates to knowledge representation, but
    how?
    modeling the brain.

    Symbolic or physical.

    Research into neuron-clumps wired to perform


    basic motor tasks (zombies?)

    Most efficient: electrical basis.

    What level?
    -whole brain?
    modeling the brain.

    Blue Brain Project.


    -models individual neurons and synapse firing.
    -biologically realistic.

    Blue Gene supercomputer.


    -8192 processing cores.

    Completed model of rat neocortical module in


    2006, 10^4 neurons and 10^8 synapses.
    modeling the brain.
    Neural networks
    (symbolic)
    ● Computational units
    capable of learning.
    ● Modifies output based on
    feedback (comparable to
    LTD and LTP.)
    ● Implementation of fuzzy
    logic.
    ● Capable of rerouting
    itself to find the 'optimal
    path.'
    modeling the brain.
    Neural networks, continued.

    Application of fuzzy logic (FNN).

    Computationally inexpensive (compared to a


    BG/L.)

    Requires learning (training) – learn by example.

    Supervised or unsupervised.
    modeling the brain.
    Another approach:

    Example: immediate recognition (vision)

    Passing data through alternate filtering and


    integration layers (similar to the visual cortex).
    -building cognition from the ground up.

    -self-training, emergence of basic Boolean logic.


    Increasing accuracy, performs better than human
    test subjects (!)
    apply intelligence;

    The Open Mind Common Sense project tries to


    solve the common-knowledge problem.
    -Is a combination of a four dimensional mapper
    and a FNN (it just works. Don't ask how.)

    Uses bits of common knowledge and extrapolates


    (somewhat like fuzzy logic, similar to the concept
    of assuming.)
    apply intelligence;

    Decision-making based on uncertainty has been


    observed to model Bayesian probability.
    - a Bayesian model is primarily a statistical model
    with constant updates from neural processing.

    Modern intelligence processing uses a Bayesian


    model on some level.
    stumbling blocks.
    The fundamental difference between brains and
    computers.
    -Massive parallelism vs linear computation.

    Processing is not differentiated from memory.

    Biological variations (different cell types, even


    slight mutations) contribute to a massively
    complex system.

    (we're getting there, though most likely not by


    2030.)
    Bibliography.

    http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.asp
    x?
    id=17111&pg=5http://www.neuro.gatech.edu/grou
    ps/potter/papers/Potter-
    NeuroscienceForAIchapter.pdf

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