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    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus: Gauss's Theorem / Divergence Theorem

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    Dalton Chan
    Gauss's theorem relates a surface integral over a closed surface S to a volume integral over the region G enclosed by S. It states that the surface integral of a vector field F over S is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of F over G. Stokes' theorem relates a surface integral over an oriented surface S to a line integral around the boundary curve C of S. It states that the surface integral of the curl of a vector field F over S is equal to the line integral of F around C. The document provides examples demonstrating the application of Gauss's theorem and Stokes' theorem to evaluate various surface integrals.

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    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus: Gauss's Theorem / Divergence Theorem

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    Dalton Chan
    356 views6 pages
    Gauss's theorem relates a surface integral over a closed surface S to a volume integral over the region G enclosed by S. It states that the surface integral of a vector field F over S is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of F over G. Stokes' theorem relates a surface integral over an oriented surface S to a line integral around the boundary curve C of S. It states that the surface integral of the curl of a vector field F over S is equal to the line integral of F around C. The document provides examples demonstrating the application of Gauss's theorem and Stokes' theorem to evaluate various surface integrals.

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    Gauss's theorem relates a surface integral over a closed surface S to a volume integral over the region G enclosed by S. It states that the surface integral of a vector field F over S is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of F over G. Stokes' theorem relates a surface integral over an oriented surface S to a line integral around the boundary curve C of S. It states that the surface integral of the curl of a vector field F over S is equal to the line integral of F around C. The document provides examples demonstrating the application of Gauss's theorem and Stokes' theorem to evaluate various surface integrals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    356 views6 pages

    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus: Gauss's Theorem / Divergence Theorem

    Uploaded by

    Dalton Chan
    Gauss's theorem relates a surface integral over a closed surface S to a volume integral over the region G enclosed by S. It states that the surface integral of a vector field F over S is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of F over G. Stokes' theorem relates a surface integral over an oriented surface S to a line integral around the boundary curve C of S. It states that the surface integral of the curl of a vector field F over S is equal to the line integral of F around C. The document provides examples demonstrating the application of Gauss's theorem and Stokes' theorem to evaluate various surface integrals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus

    Gausss Theorem / Divergence Theorem


    Gausss Theorem / Divergence Theorem
    Let G be a simple and closed solid region and let S be the surface of G given with positive
    (outwards) orientation.
    Let F( x, y, z) u( x, y, z)i v( x, y, z) j w( x, y, z)k be a vector field whose component
    functions have continuous partial derivatives on an open region that contains G.
    Hence, the surface integrals of the vector field F is given by:

    F ndS FdV
    S

    Example 1
    Use Gausss Theorem to evaluate the flux integral

    F ndS , where S is the entire surface of


    S

    the solid bounded by the cone z x 2 y 2 and the plane z 4 , if F 4 xz i xyz 2 j 3z k .


    Solution
    Since S is the whole surface of a closed surface, instead of calculating the surface integral
    separately as in Example 4 in Chapter 4.4, we use the Gausss Theorem to solve this flux
    integral.


    F i j k 4 xzi xyz 2 j 3zk
    z
    x y
    4 z xz 2 3

    F ndS FdV
    S

    4 z xz 2 3dV
    G

    2 r 4 z 4

    4 z r cos z

    3dzrdrd

    0 r 0 z r

    2 r 4 z 4

    4rz r

    0 r 0 z r

    cos z 2 3r dzdrd

    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus


    2 r 4

    2 r 2 cos z 3

    3rz drd
    2rz
    3

    0 r 0
    2 r 4

    3 r 5 cos
    64r 2 cos
    2
    32
    r

    12
    r

    2
    r

    3
    r

    drd
    r 0
    3
    3

    2 r 4

    44r

    0 r 0

    cos 64r 3 r 6 r 4
    2
    22
    r

    r 3 d

    3 3
    6 2

    cos

    64r 2 r 5 2r 3 3r 2 drd

    160

    2048cos
    d
    9
    2

    2048sin

    160

    0
    320

    Example 2
    Evaluate surface integral of F( x, y, z) xi yj 2 zk over all the surfaces of the cube
    x 0, x 1, y 0, y 1, z 0, and z 1 , with the oriented outward unit normal vector.

    Solution


    F i j k xi yj 2 zk
    z
    x y
    11 2
    4

    F ndS FdV
    S

    G
    z 1 y 1 x 1

    4dxdydz

    z 0 y 0 x 0
    z 1 y 1

    4dydz

    z 0 y 0
    z 1

    4dz

    z 0

    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus

    Example 3
    Use Gausss Theorem to evaluate

    F ndS , where F( x, y, z) yi xyj zk and S is the


    S

    surfaces enclosed by cylinder x y 2 4 , plane z 0 , and paraboloid z x 2 y 2 .


    2

    Solution


    F i j k yi xyj zk
    z
    x y
    0 x 1
    x 1
    By Gausss Theorem,

    F ndS FdV
    S

    ( x 1)dV
    G

    Its projection on xy-plane

    By cylindrical coordinates,
    2 r 2 z r 2

    F ndS

    (r cos 1)dzrdrd

    0 r 0 z 0

    2 r 2 z r 2

    (r 2 cos r )dzdrd

    0 r 0 z 0

    2 r 2

    (r

    cos r )r 2 drd

    cos r 3 )drd

    0 r 0

    2 r 2

    (r

    0 r 0

    0
    2

    r 5 cos r 4
    5 4 d

    0
    32 cos

    4 d
    5

    32

    sin 4
    5
    0
    8

    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus

    Example 4
    Let S be the surfaces of the solid G enclosed by upper hemisphere z 1 x 2 y 2 , and
    plane z 0 , and oriented outward. Use Gausss Theorem to find the surface integrals of the
    vector field F( x, y, z) x3i y3 j z 3k over the surface S.
    Solution


    F i j k x3i y 3 j z 3k
    z
    x y
    3x 2 3 y 2 3z 2
    3( x 2 y 2 z 2 )
    By Gausss Theorem,

    F ndS FdV
    S

    Its projection on xy-plane

    3( x 2 y 2 z 2 )dV
    G

    By spherical coordinates,
    /2 2 1

    F ndS 3
    0

    /2 2

    /2

    2 2 sin d d d

    sin d d

    sin d

    6
    /2
    cos 0
    5
    6

    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus

    Stokes Theorem

    Stokes Theorem can be regarded as an extension of Greens Theorem. Stokes


    Theorem relates a surface integral over a surface S to a line integral around the
    boundary curve of S.

    Stokes Theorem
    Let S be an orientable piecewise smooth surface, which is bounded by a simple, closed,
    piecewise smooth boundatu curve C with positive orientation.
    Let F( x, y, z) u( x, y, z)i v( x, y, z) j w( x, y, z)k be a vector field whose component
    functions have continuous partial derivatives on an open region that contains S.
    Hence,

    F dr F ndS
    S

    Example 5
    Evaluate

    F dr

    by using Stokes Theorem for F z 2i 2 xj y3k with C is the circle

    x y 1in the xy-plane with counterclockwise orientation looking down the positive z-axis.
    2

    Solution

    F
    x
    z2

    j
    k

    3 y 2i 2 zj 2k
    y z
    2x y3

    For plane z 0

    f ( x, y, z) z

    f
    f
    f
    i j k k
    x
    y
    z
    ndS f ( x, y , z )dA k dA
    f ( x , y , z )

    ( F) ndS ( 3 y 2i 2 zj 2k) kdA 2dA

    Chapter 4: Vector Calculus

    By Stokes Theorem,

    F dr F ndS
    S

    2dA
    S

    2 r 1

    2rdrd

    0 r 0
    2

    1d

    2
    Example 6
    Evaluate

    F dr by using Stokes Theorem for F ( x

    y)i 4 zj x 2k where C lies on the

    intercepting plane between plane z 2 and cone z x 2 y 2 . Take n to be the outward unit
    normal vector.
    Solution

    F
    x
    2
    x y
    For plane z 2

    f ( x , y , z )

    y
    4z

    4i 2 xj + k
    z
    x2

    f ( x, y, z) z 2

    f
    f
    f
    i j k k
    x
    y
    z

    ndS f ( x, y , z )dA k dA
    ( F) ndS ( 4i 2 xj + k) kdA 1dA

    F dr F ndS
    S

    dA
    S

    2 r 2

    rdrd
    0 r 0

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