CS155b Computer Graphics
Volen, Room #255. Phone: x62718
Class:
Mon. and Wed. from 5 to 6:30pm
Abelson #131
Teaching Assistants:
Anthony Bucci (abucci@cs)
John Langton (psyc@cs)
Anurag Maskey (anurag@cs)
Books
Textbook:
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C,
by J. D. Foley, A. Van Dam, S. K. Feiner, J. F. Hughes.
Addison-Wesley, 2nd ed..
OpenGL:
OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to
Learning OpenGL, Version 1.2,
by M. Woo, J. Neider, T. Davis, D. Shreiner, OpenGL
Architecture Review Board. Addison-Wesley, 3rd ed..
Suggested:
Mathematics for 3D Game Programming & Computer
Graphics, by Eric Lengyel. Charles River Media.
Additional References
Web Page:
http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~cs155
Lectures:
Published on the web page in Adobe pdf format.
Demo, Sample Programs, Useful Links:
Web page.
Essential Math Reference Book:
Essential Mathematics for Computer Graphics, fast,
by John Vince. Springer.
Homework
Programming:
With OpenGL library called from C/C++.
Theory:
Will cover the topics discussed in class.
In general, two weeks due date.
Solution will be given in class on due date.
No late homework accepted.
Exams:
Midterm and Final. In class, closed book.
Goals
Learning the principles of Computer Graphics
Understanding graphical models, fundamental techniques,
algorithms and implementation issues
Practicing some applied mathematics
Getting acquainted with a Graphical Library (OpenGL)
Syllabus
Introduction
Overview, Applications, Examples.
2D Drawing
Scan Conversion of Lines and Circles, Polygon Clipping, Polygon Filling.
2D Viewing and Geometrical Transformations
Rotation, Reflection, Shear, Scale and Translation. World to Viewport
Coordinate Transformation.
3D Solid Modeling
3D Models and Representations, Curves and Surfaces.
3D Viewing and Geometrical Transformations
Geometrical Transformations, Projections and Viewing in 3D, Visible
Surface Algorithms.
Color
Color Spaces, Metrics, Transformations.
Illumination and Shading
Light Models, Shading Models, Transparency, Shadows.
Free Form Modeling
Interpolation and Approximation, Curve and Surface Splines.
Advanced Topics
Ray Tracing, Texture Mapping, Animation, Morphing, Physics Based
Models.
Applications
CAD - Computer Aided Design (Mechanical, Architectural)
Simulators (Flight, Driving, Sports)
Advertising
Virtual Reality
Architectural Visualization
Art and Entertainment
Games
Special effects
Education
Scientific visualization
The Visual Sciences
Image
Processing
Image
Computer
Vision
3D Object
Geometric
Modeling
Rendering
Model
The Visual Sciences
Image Processing:
From Images to Images
Computer Vision:
From Images to Models
Computer Graphics:
From Objects to Models (Geometric Modeling).
From 2D/3D Models to Images (Rendering).
From 4D Models to Images (Animation).
Geometric Modeling
From a concept (or a real object) to a geometric
representation on a computer
Example: a sphere can be described as (x,y,z,r)
Complex objects can be constructed from simpler ones
Rendering
Given a scene and viewing parameters, produce an image
Images are a 2D array of pixels
Important sub problems:
Which pixels are covered by each object ? (Scan Conversion)
What is visible at each pixel ? (Visible Surface Algorithm)
What color should a pixel be ? (Illumination, Shading Algorithms).
Projection and
Viewing Parameters
Image
3D Model
Animation
Definition of complex time-dependent behavior of objects
Issues with rigid and elastic joints
Realistic rendering of collective behaviors
Examples:
Automatic interpolation between key-frames
Physics based simulation
Viewing Transformation Pipeline
Viewing coordinates
World Coordinates
Object in World
3D
:2
a
m
D
2D:2D mapping
Viewport
Device Coordinates
ing
p
p
Rendered Image
Viewing Factors
Objects:
Geometrical Properties of an Object
(Solid Modeling)
Physical Properties of Objects Surfaces
(Illumination Models, Color Models)
Camera:
Projections
Light Source:
Color Theory
Spatial set-up:
3D Transformations, Coordinate Systems
2D Drawing
Goal: Getting Acquainted with Images
Displays (Raster vs. Vector)
Basic Definitions: Pixel, Resolution, Dynamic Range
Line Drawing (Incremental and Mid-Point Algorithms)
Techniques for Drawing Circles
Filling Polygons
2D Transformations
Goal: Introduction to 3D, Review Linear Algebra
Basic 2D Transformations: Translation, Scaling, Rotation,
Shear.
Composition of Transformations and Transformation
Groups:
Affine
Similarity
Rigid
2D Transformations
Transformations in Matrix notation:
x '
a
y ' = c
b x
d y
Composition of transformations in matrix notation
The homogeneous coordinates in 2D:
(x , y )
( X ,Y ,W
) =
(t x , t y , t )
Change of coordinates:
ti o n
a
t
en
s
e
r
R ep
n
Tra
tion
a
rm
o
f
s
2D Viewing
Goal: Introduction to 3D and some Rendering Concepts
Viewing Transformation pipe-line:
yv
iew
y world
y view
xv
iew
x world
Line and Polygon Clipping:
Clipping
x view
3D Viewing
Goal: Geometrical Transformations in Viewing Pipe-iine
From Model Coordinates to Viewer Coordinates:
zw
Tractor
System
world
yw
xw
yv
Front-Wheel
System
P0
Viewer
System
i
w
e
i
V
xv
zv
an
l
p
ng
3D Viewing
Projections:
Orthographic
Oblique
Perspective
The Viewing Volume:
yv
far
near
xv
zv
Solid Modeling
Goal: Learn how to Define Solid Objects
1D Curves in 3D
Primitive based: line segments.
Free form:
Implicit, Explicit, Parametric (Polynomials, Splines)
2D Surfaces in 3D
Primitive Based: Polygon Mesh
Free Form: As Above
3D volumes in 3D
Volume Rep.
Sweep Volumes
Spatial Occupancy (Voxels, Octree, )
Constructive Solid Geometry
Boundary Rep.
Polyhedra
Free Form: As Above
Solid Modeling
Parametric Surfaces
Bilinear Interpolation
Splines:
Cardinal Spline
Hermite Spline
Bezier Spline
B Spline
Color Theory
Goal: Understanding what a color is
The Trichromatic Color Theory
Linear Color Space and Color Representations: RGB,
CMY,HSB
Perceptual Color Spaces: LAB,YIQ
The CIE Chromaticity Diagram
0.9
Brightness
Hue
510
505
B
R
green
540
550
560
yellow-570
580
0.5
green
yellow
y 495
590
orange600
610
white
490 cyan
650
red
pink
485
magenta
480blue
470 purple
450
0.0
0.5
500
520 530
1.0
Illumination Models and Shading
Goal: Understanding the physical properties of an object
Light Source Parameters (Shape, Position, Color, Intensity)
Surface Parameters: Ambient, Diffuse, Specular
Polygon Rendering Methods
Transparency
Shadow
Illumination Models and Shading
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Polygonal Model Generated from Spline Patches. Orthographic Projection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Polygonal Model Generated from Spline Patches. Perspective Projection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Depth Cueing
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Depth Clipping
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Colored Vectors
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Visible Line Determination
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Visible Surface Determination with Ambient Illumination
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Individually Shaded Polygon with Diffuse Reflection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Gouraud Shaded Polygon with Diffuse Reflection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Gouraud Shaded Polygon with Specular Reflection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Phong Shaded Polygon with Specular Reflection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Curved Surfaces with Specular Reflection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Multiple Lights
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Texture Mapping
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Shadows
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
Reflection Mapping
Example: Polynomial Texture Maps
From:
http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/
Example: Polynomial Texture Maps
From:
http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/
