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CPP Code Sun Position

This C++ program calculates sunrise and sunset times for a given date and location. It takes latitude, longitude, and time zone as input, along with the month and day. It uses functions to calculate the sun's ecliptic longitude and the rise, transit, and set times in hours and minutes, accounting for the equation of time and other factors. The output includes the sunrise, noon altitude, and sunset times.

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siddharthpande777
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168 views

CPP Code Sun Position

This C++ program calculates sunrise and sunset times for a given date and location. It takes latitude, longitude, and time zone as input, along with the month and day. It uses functions to calculate the sun's ecliptic longitude and the rise, transit, and set times in hours and minutes, accounting for the equation of time and other factors. The output includes the sunrise, noon altitude, and sunset times.

Uploaded by

siddharthpande777
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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//

//
//
//

C++ program
the current
Jarmo Lammi
Last update

calculating the sunrise and sunset for


date and a fixed location(latitude,longitude)
1999 - 2000
January 6th, 2000

#include <iostream.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#define pi 3.14159
//extern double pi;
double tpi = 2 * pi;
double degs = 180.0/pi;
double rads = pi/180.0;
double L,g,daylen;
double SunDia = 0.53;

// Sunradius degrees

double AirRefr = 34.0/60.0; // athmospheric refraction degrees //


//
//
//

Get the days to J2000


h is UT in decimal hours
FNday only works between 1901 to 2099 - see Meeus chapter 7

double FNday (int y, int m, int d, float h) {


int luku = - 7 * (y + (m + 9)/12)/4 + 275*m/9 + d;
// type casting necessary on PC DOS and TClite to avoid overflow
luku+= (long int)y*367;
return (double)luku - 730531.5 + h/24.0;
};
//
//

the function below returns an angle in the range


0 to 2*pi

double FNrange
double b =
double a =
if (a < 0)
return a;
};

(double x) {
x / tpi;
tpi * (b - (long)(b));
a = tpi + a;

// Calculating the hourangle


//
double f0(double lat, double declin) {
double fo,dfo;
// Correction: different sign at S HS
dfo = rads*(0.5*SunDia + AirRefr); if (lat < 0.0) dfo = -dfo;
fo = tan(declin + dfo) * tan(lat*rads);
if (fo>0.99999) fo=1.0; // to avoid overflow //
fo = asin(fo) + pi/2.0;
return fo;
};
// Calculating the hourangle for twilight times
//
double f1(double lat, double declin) {
double fi,df1;
// Correction: different sign at S HS
df1 = rads * 6.0; if (lat < 0.0) df1 = -df1;

fi = tan(declin + df1) * tan(lat*rads);


if (fi>0.99999) fi=1.0; // to avoid overflow //
fi = asin(fi) + pi/2.0;
return fi;
};
//

Find the ecliptic longitude of the Sun

double FNsun (double d) {


//

mean longitude of the Sun

L = FNrange(280.461 * rads + .9856474 * rads * d);


//

mean anomaly of the Sun

g = FNrange(357.528 * rads + .9856003 * rads * d);


//

Ecliptic longitude of the Sun

return FNrange(L + 1.915 * rads * sin(g) + .02 * rads * sin(2 * g));


};
// Display decimal hours in hours and minutes
void showhrmn(double dhr) {
int hr,mn;
hr=(int) dhr;
mn = (dhr - (double) hr)*60;
if (hr < 10) cout << '0';
cout << hr << ':';
if (mn < 10) cout << '0';
cout << mn;
};
int main(void){
double y,m,day,h,latit,longit;
time_t sekunnit;
struct tm *p;
// get the date and time from the user
// read system date and extract the year
/** First get time **/
time(&sekunnit);
/** Next get localtime **/
p=localtime(&sekunnit);
y = p->tm_year;
// this is Y2K compliant method
y+= 1900;
m = p->tm_mon + 1;
day = p->tm_mday;
h = 12;

double tzone=2.0;
cout << "Input latitude, longitude and timezone and month\n";
cin >> latit;
cin >> longit;
cin >> tzone;
// testing
// m=6; day=10;
double d = FNday(y, m, day, h);
//
//

Use FNsun to find the ecliptic longitude of the


Sun

double lambda = FNsun(d);


//

Obliquity of the ecliptic

double obliq = 23.439 * rads - .0000004 * rads * d;


//

Find the RA and DEC of the Sun

double alpha = atan2(cos(obliq) * sin(lambda), cos(lambda));


double delta = asin(sin(obliq) * sin(lambda));
// Find the Equation of Time
// in minutes
// Correction suggested by David Smith
double LL = L - alpha;
if (L < pi) LL += tpi;
double equation = 1440.0 * (1.0 - LL / tpi);
double ha = f0(latit,delta);
double hb = f1(latit,delta);
double twx = hb - ha; // length of twilight in radians
twx = 12.0*twx/pi;
// length of twilight in hours
cout << "ha=" << ha << " hb=" << hb << endl;
// Conversion of angle to hours and minutes //
daylen = degs*ha/7.5;
if (daylen<0.0001) {daylen = 0.0;}
// arctic winter
//
double riset = 12.0 - 12.0 * ha/pi + tzone - longit/15.0 + equation/60.0;
double settm = 12.0 + 12.0 * ha/pi + tzone - longit/15.0 + equation/60.0;
double noont = riset + 12.0 * ha/pi;
double altmax = 90.0 + delta * degs - latit;
// Correction for S HS suggested by David Smith
// to express altitude as degrees from the N horizon
if (latit < delta * degs) altmax = 180.0 - altmax;
double twam = riset - twx;
double twpm = settm + twx;
if (riset > 24.0) riset-= 24.0;
if (settm > 24.0) settm-= 24.0;
cout << "\n Sunrise and set\n";
cout << "===============\n";
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.precision(0);

// morning twilight begin


// evening twilight end

cout << " year : " << y << '\n';


cout << " month : " << m << '\n';
cout << " day : " << day << "\n\n";
cout << "Days until Y2K : " << d << '\n';
cout.precision(2);
cout << "Latitude : " << latit << ", longitude: " << longit << '\n';
cout << "Timezone : " << tzone << "\n\n";
cout << "Declination : " << delta * degs << '\n';
cout << "Daylength
: "; showhrmn(daylen); cout << " hours \n";
cout << "Civil twilight: ";
showhrmn(twam); cout << '\n';
cout << "Sunrise
: ";
showhrmn(riset); cout << '\n';
cout << "Sun altitude at noontime ";
// Amendment by D. Smith
showhrmn(noont); cout << " = " << altmax << " degrees"
<< (latit>=0.0 ? " S" : " N") << endl;
cout << "Sunset
: ";
showhrmn(settm); cout << '\n';
cout << "Civil twilight: ";
showhrmn(twpm); cout << '\n';
return 0;
}

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