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CadmiumoxideWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Cadmiumoxide
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FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Cadmiumoxideisaninorganic
compoundwiththeformulaCdO.It
isoneofthemainprecursorstoother
cadmiumcompounds.Itcrystallizes
inacubicrocksaltlatticelikesodium
chloride,withoctahedralcationand
anioncenters.[11]Itoccursnaturally
astheraremineralmonteponite.
Cadmiumoxidecanbefoundasa
colorlessamorphouspowderoras
brownorredcrystals.[12]Cadmium
oxideisanntypesemiconductor[13]
withabandgapof2.18eV(2.31eV)
atroomtemperature(0K).[14]

Cadmiumoxide

Contents
Names

1 Productionandstructure
2 Uses
2.1 Transparent
conductor
2.2 Cadmiumplating

IUPACname
Cadmiumoxide
Othernames
Cadmium(II)oxide,
Cadmiummonoxide
Identifiers
CASNumber

3 Reactivity
4 References
5 Externallinks

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_oxide

1306190
(http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?
ref=1306190)

ChemSpider

14099

ECNumber

2151462

Jmolinteractive

Image(http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?
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Productionand
structure

CadmiumoxideWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

3D

model=%5BCd%5D%3DO)

PubChem

14782

RTECSnumber

EV1925000

Sincecadmiumcompoundsareoften
foundinassociationwithzincores,
cadmiumoxideisacommonby
productofzincrefining.[15]Itis
producedbyburningelemental
cadmiuminair.Pyrolysisofother
cadmiumcompounds,suchasthe
nitrateorthecarbonate,alsoaffords
thisoxide.Whenpure,itisredbut
CdOisunusualinbeingavailablein
manydifferingcoloursduetoits
tendencytoformdefectstructures
resultingfromanionvacancies.[16]
Cadmiumoxideisprepared
commerciallybyoxidizingcadmium
vaporinair.[17]

UNnumber

2570

Uses

Boilingpoint

Cadmiumoxideisusedincadmium
platingbaths,electrodesforstorage
batteries,cadmiumsalts,catalyst,
ceramicglazes,phosphors,and
nematocide.[12]Majorusesfor
cadmiumoxideareasaningredient
forelectroplatingbaths,andin
pigments.[18]

Transparentconductor
CdOisusedasatransparent
conductivematerial,[19]whichwas
preparedasatransparentconducting
filmbackin1907byKarlBaedeker
(scientist).[20]Cadmiumoxideinthe
formofthinfilmshasbeenusedin
applicationssuchasphotodiodes,
phototransistors,photovoltaiccells,
transparentelectrodes,liquidcrystal
displays,IRdetectors,andanti
reflectioncoatings.[21]CdO
microparticlesundergobandgap
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_oxide

InChI
SMILES

Properties
Chemicalformula CdO
Molarmass

128.41gmol1

Appearance

colorlesspowder(alphaform)
redbrowncrystal(betaform) [1]

Odor

odorless

Density

8.15g/cm3(crystalline),
6.95g/cm3(amorphous)[2]solid.

Meltingpoint

9001,000C(1,6501,830F1,1701,270K)
decompositionofamorphousform[3]
1,559C(2,838F1,832K)sublimation[3]

Solubilityinwater 4.8mg/L(18C)[4]
Solubility

solubleindiluteacid
slowlysolubleinammoniumsalts
insolubleinalkalies

Vaporpressure

0.13kPa(1000C)
2.62kPa(1200C)
61.4kPa(1500C)[5]

Bandgap

2.18eV

Electronmobility 531cm2/Vs
Magnetic
susceptibility()

3 105cm3/mol

Thermal
conductivity

0.7W/mK

Refractiveindex
(nD)

2.49
Structure

Crystalstructure

cubic,cF8

Spacegroup

Fm3m,No.225

Latticeconstant

a=4.6958
Thermochemistry

Specific
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excitationwhenexposedtoUVA
lightandisalsoselectiveinphenol
photodegradation.[22]

Cadmiumplating
Mostcommercialelectroplatingof
cadmiumisdoneby
electrodepositionfromcyanide
baths.Thesecyanidebathsconsistof
cadmiumoxideandsodiumcyanide
inwater,whichlikelyformcadmium
cyanideandsodiumhydroxide.A
typicalformulais32g/Lcadmium
oxideand75g/Lsodiumcyanide.
Thecadmiumconcentrationmay
varybyasmuchas50%.Brighteners
areusuallyaddedtothebathandthe
platingisdoneatroomtemperature
withhighpuritycadmiumanodes.[23]

Reactivity
CdOisabasicoxideandisthus
attackedbyaqueousacidstogive
solutionsof[Cd(H2O)6]2+.Upon
treatmentwithstrongalkaline
2

solutions,[Cd(OH)4] forms.A
thincoatofcadmiumoxideformson
thesurfaceofcadmiuminmoistair
atroomtemperature.[12]Cadmium
willoxidizeatroomtemperaturesto
formCdO.[23]Cadmiumvaporand
steamwillformCdOandhydrogen
inareversiblereaction.[23]

References
1. Patnaik,Pradyot(2003).
HandbookofInorganicChemical
Compounds.McGrawHill.
ISBN0070494398.
2. "NIOSHPocketGuideto
ChemicalHazards".Retrieved
20070216.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_oxide

heatcapacity(C) 43.64J/molK[4]
Stdmolar
entropy(So298)

55J/molK[6]

Stdenthalpyof
formation
(fHo298)

258kJ/mol[6][5]

Gibbsfreeenergy 229.3kJ/mol[4]
(fG)
Hazards
Safetydatasheet

[1](http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?
msdsId=9923229)

GHSpictograms

[7]

GHSsignalword Danger
GHShazard
statements

H330,H341,H350,H361,H372,H410[7]

GHS
precautionary
statements

P201,P260,P273,P281,P284,P310[7]

EUclassification
(DSD)

T+

Carc.Cat.2
Muta.Cat.3
Repr.Cat.3
Rphrases

R45,R26,R48/23/25,R62,R63,R68,R50/53

Sphrases

S53,S45,S60,S61

NFPA704

4
Flashpoint

Nonflammable

Lethaldoseorconcentration(LD,LC):
LD50(Median 72mg/kg(oral,rat)[9]
dose)
72mg/kg(oral,mouse)[10]
LC50(Median
concentration)

500mg/m3(rat,10min)
2500mg/m3(rabbit,10min)
3500mg/m3(guineapig,10min)
4000mg/m3(dog,10min)
780mg/m3(rat,10min)
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3. "INCHEM:ChemicalSafety
Informationfrom
IntergovernmentalOrganizations".
Retrieved20070216.

340mg/m3(mouse,10min)
3000mg/m3(rabbit,15min)
3000mg/m3(guineapig,15min)
400mg/m3(dog,10min)[10]
UShealthexposurelimits(NIOSH):
PEL
(Permissible)

[1910.1027]TWA0.005mg/m3(asCd)[8]

REL
Ca[8]
(Recommended)
IDLH
(Immediate
danger

Ca[9mg/m3(asCd)][8]
Relatedcompounds

Otheranions

Cadmiumsulfide
Cadmiumselenide
Cadmiumtelluride

Othercations

Zincoxide
Mercuryoxide

Exceptwhereotherwisenoted,dataaregivenformaterialsintheirstandard
state(at25C[77F],100kPa).
verify(whatis

?)

Infoboxreferences

4. http://chemister.ru/Database/propertiesen.php?dbid=1&id=500
5. Cadmiumoxide(http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C1306190&Mask=FFFF&Units=SI)inLinstrom,
P.J.Mallard,W.G.(eds.)NISTChemistryWebBook,NISTStandardReferenceDatabaseNumber69.National
InstituteofStandardsandTechnology,GaithersburgMD.http://webbook.nist.gov(retrieved20140523)
6. Zumdahl,StevenS.(2009).ChemicalPrinciples6thEd.HoughtonMifflinCompany.p.A21.ISBN0618
94690X.
7. SigmaAldrichCo.,Cadmiumoxide(http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/202894).Retrievedon
20140523.
8. "NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazards#0087".NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth
(NIOSH).
9. http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/1306190
10. "Cadmiumcompounds(asCd)".ImmediatelyDangeroustoLifeandHealth.NationalInstituteforOccupational
SafetyandHealth(NIOSH).
11. Wells,A.F.(1984)StructuralInorganicChemistry,Oxford:ClarendonPress.ISBN0198553706.
12. Lewis,RichardJ.,Sr.,Hawley'scondensedchemicaldictionary,13thed.,1997,p.189
13. T.L.ChuandShirleyS.Chu(1990)."Degeneratecadmiumoxidefilmsforelectronicdevices".Journalof
ElectronicMaterials19(9):10031005.doi:10.1007/BF02652928.
14. S.K.VasheghaniFarahanietal.(2013)."Temperaturedependenceofthedirectbandgapandtransportproperties
ofCdO".AppliedPhysicsLetters102(2):022102.doi:10.1063/1.4775691.
15. "Cadmiumandcompoundsfactsheet".Archivedfromtheoriginalon20061210.Retrieved20070216.
16. Holleman,A.F.Wiberg,E."InorganicChemistry"AcademicPress:SanDiego,2001.ISBN0123526515.
17. Hampel,C.A.andHawley,G.G.(1973).TheencyclopediaofChemistry(3rded.).p.169.
18. CliffordA.HampelandGessnerG.Hawley,TheencyclopediaofChemistry,3rdEd.,1973,p.169
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19. Varkey,A(1994)."Transparentconductingcadmiumoxidethinfilmspreparedbyasolutiongrowthtechnique".
ThinSolidFilms239(2):211.doi:10.1016/00406090(94)908532.
20. Dou,Y(1998)."NtypedopinginCdOceramics:astudybyEELSandphotoemissionspectroscopy".Surface
Science398:241.doi:10.1016/S00396028(98)800289.
21. Lokhande,B(2004)."Studiesoncadmiumoxidesprayedthinfilmsdepositedthroughnonaqueousmedium".
MaterialsChemistryandPhysics84(23):238.doi:10.1016/S02540584(03)002311.
22. Karunakaran,CDhanalakshmi,R(2009)."Selectivityinphotocatalysisbyparticulatesemiconductors".Central
EuropeanJournalofChemistry7(1):134.doi:10.2478/s1153200800837.
23. CliffordA.Hampel,RareMetalsHandbook,1954,p.87103

Externallinks
Cadmium(II)oxide

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