CHAPTER 28

HEAT TRANSFER

4.

2)

0.376 10 =

10

50 25 10

10

0.376 10 4

50 25 10

yC

100 )

10 5 0.376
= 30.1 30
50 25

K = 46 w/m-sC
l=1m
A = 0.04 cm2 = 4 106 m2
5
Lfussion ice = 3.36 10 j/Kg

6.

0C

Q
46 4 10 6 100
8
5
=
= 5.4 10 kg 5.4 10 g.
t
1
A = 2400 cm2 = 2400 104 m2
3
= 2 mm = 2 10 m
K = 0.06 w/m-C
1 = 20C
2 = 0C
KA(
Q
=
t

7.

1 cm

KA ( 1
Q
4 10 2 1.6 27.78
2)
=
=
= 356 J/s
t
l
5 10 3
A = 25 cm2 = 25 104 m2
3
l = 1 mm = 10 m
K = 50 w/m-C
Q
= Rate of conversion of water into steam
t
10 1 2.26 10 6
100 10 3 2.26 10 6
4
=
= 0.376 10
=
1 min
60
KA ( 1
Q
=
t
l

5.

10

g.
in

3.

10 cm

ge
Ba

2.

t1 = 90C,
t2 = 10C
3
l = 1 cm = 1 10 m
2
2
2
A = 10 cm 10 cm = 0.1 0.1 m = 1 10 m
K = 0.80 w/m-C
KA ( 1
Q
8 10 1 1 10 2 80
2)
=
=
= 64 J/s = 64 60 3840 J.
t
l
1 10 2
2
t = 1 cm = 0.01 m,
A = 0.8 m
1 = 300,
2 = 80
K = 0.025,
KA( 1
Q
0.025 0.8 (30030 )
2)
=
=
= 440 watt.
t
l
0.01
2
K = 0.04 J/m-5C,
A = 1.6 m
t1 = 97F = 36.1C
t2 = 47F = 8.33C
l = 0.5 cm = 0.005 m

ol
le

1.

2)

0.06 2400 10
3

20

= 24 6 10 10 = 24 6 = 144 J/sec

2 10
144
144 3600
m
Q
Rate in which ice melts =
=
=
Kg/h =
Kg/s = 1.52 kg/s.
t
t L
3.4 10 5
3.4 10 5
= 1 mm = 103 m
m = 10 kg
2
2
2
A = 200 cm = 2 10 m
6
Lvap = 2.27 10 J/kg
K = 0.80 J/m-s-C
28.1

100C

Heat Transfer
6

dQ = 2.27 10 10,

dQ
2.27 10 7
2
=
= 2.27 10 J/s
dt
10 5
Again we know

dQ
0.80 2 10 2 ( 42 T )
=
dt
1 10 3
So,

= 2.27 10

10
16 42 16T = 227
T = 27.8 28C
K = 45 w/m-C
2
= 60 cm = 60 10 m
2
4
2
A = 0.2 cm = 0.2 10 m
Rate of heat flow,
=

9.

KA (

2)

45 0.2 10

Q2 = 20

Q1 = 40

20
3
= 30 10 0.03 w
60 10
h = 10 cm
2

A = 10 cm ,

g.
in

8.

8 2 10 3 ( 42 T )

6000 2 = 10 10

ge
Ba

KA( 1
Q
200 10 3 30
2)
=
=
= 6000
t
1 10 3
Since heat goes out from both surfaces. Hence net heat coming out.
Q
Q
=
= 6000 2 = 12000,
= MS
t
t
t
1000 4200

yC

ol
le

t
72000
=
= 28.57
t
420
So, in 1 Sec. 28.57C is dropped
1
Hence for drop of 1C
sec. = 0.035 sec. is required
28.57
2
10. = 20 cm = 20 10 m
2
4
2
A = 0.2 cm = 0.2 10 m
K = 385
1 = 80C,
2 = 20C,
4
KA( 1
)
Q
385
0
.
2
10
(
80
20
)
4
3
2
=
=
= 385 6 10 10 = 2310 10 = 2.31
(a)
t
20 10 2
(b) Let the temp of the 11 cm point be
Q
=
20C
l
tKA
2.31
11 cm
=
l
385 0.2 10 4
20
2.31
=
2
11 10
385 0.2 10 4

2.31 10 4
11 10 2 = 33
385 0.2
= 33 + 20 = 53
11. Let the point to be touched be B
No heat will flow when, the temp at that point is also 25C
i.e. QAB = QBC
C
KA(100 25)
KA(25 0)
So,
=
100 x
x
75 x = 2500 25 x
100 x = 2500
x = 25 cm from the end with 0C

80C

20 =

28.2

100 cm
B
x

A
100x

Heat Transfer
2

Surface area = 6 a = 6 36 m
Q
= 100 W,
t

t = 0.1 cm

KA(
Q
=
t
100 =

2)

K 6 36 10
0.1 10
100

K=

= 0.9259 W/mC 0.92 W/mC

6 36 5 10 1
13. Given 1 = 1C,
2 = 0C
3
K = 0.50 w/m-C,
d = 2 mm = 2 10 m
2
2
v = 10 cm/s = 0.1 m/s
A = 5 10 m ,
Power = Force Velocity = Mg v
KA( 1
dQ
2)
=
Again Power =
dt
d
KA( 1
)
2
So, Mgv =
d

KA(

2)

ge
Ba

5 10

1
= 12.5 kg.
3
1
dvg
2 10
10
10
14. K = 1.7 W/m-C
w = 1000 Kg/m3
5
2
Lice = 3.36 10 J/kg
T = 10 cm = 10 10 m
KA( 1
KA( 1
KA ( 1
Q
2)
2)
2)
10 cm
=
=
=
(a)
t
t
Q
mL
KA ( 1
1.7 [0 ( 10)]
2)
=
=
At w L
10 10 2 1000 3.36 10 5
M=

g.
in

12. V = 216 cm
a = 6 cm,

0C

ol
le

0C

17
7
7
10 7 = 5.059 10 5 10 m/sec
3.36
(b) let us assume that x length of ice has become formed to form a small strip of ice of length dx, dt time
is required.
dQ
KA ( )
dmL
KA ( )
Adx L
KA ( )
=
=
=
dt
x
dt
x
dt
x
xdx L
dx L
K( )
=
dt =
x
dt
x
K( )
t

dt =

yC

L t
xdx
K( ) 0

t=

L x2
K( ) 2

=
o

L l2
K
2

dx

Putting values
2

3.36 10 6
1000 3.36 10 5 10 10 2
3.36
=
10 6 sec. =
hrs = 27.45 hrs 27.5 hrs.
1.7 10 2
2 17 3600
2 17
15. let B be the maximum level upto which ice is formed. Hence the heat conducted at that point from both
the levels is the same.
A
Let AB = x
10C
K ice A 10
K water A 4
Q
Q
x
i.e.
ice =
water
=
1 cm
x
(1 x )
t
t
t=

1.7 10
5 10 1 4
=
x
1 x
17 17 x = 2x

17
2
=
x
1 x
17
19 x = 17
x=
= 0.894 89 cm
19
28.3

1x
C

4C

Heat Transfer
16. KAB = 50 j/m-s-c
A = 40C
KBC = 200 j/m-s-c
B = 80C
KAC = 400 j/m-s-c
C = 80C
2
Length = 20 cm = 20 10 m
2
4
2
A = 1 cm = 1 10 m

Q AB
K
= AB
t

A(
l

(b)

Q AC
K
= AC
t

A(
l

QBC
K
A(
= BC
t
l
KA( 1
17. We know Q =
d
KA ( 1
)
2
Q1 =
,
d1
(c)

A)

A)

C)

=
=
=

50 1 10

40

20 10

400 1 10

20 10

20 10

40

200 1 10

= 1 W.

= 800 10

=8

=0

2)

Q2 =

KA (

2)

d2

g.
in

(a)

0 .4

d
4
= 200 1 10 (5 2.5) C/cm
dt
d
-4
= 200 10 2.5
dt

0 .4

yC

ol
le

ge
Ba

KA ( 1
1)
Q1
2r
2
r
=
=
=
[d1 = r,
d2 = 2r]
KA ( 1
Q2
r
1)
2r
18. The rate of heat flow per sec.
dQ A
d
=
= KA
dt
dt
The rate of heat flow per sec.
dQB
d
= KA B
=
dt
dt
This part of heat is absorbed by the red.
Q
ms
d
=
where
= Rate of net temp. variation
t
dt
dt
d
d
msd
d
d A d B
ms
= KA A KA B
= KA
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

d
200 2.5 10 4
2
=
C/m = 1250 10 = 12.5 C/m
dt
0.4 10 2
19. Given
T2 - T1 = 90C
Krubber = 0.15 J/m-s-C
We know for radial conduction in a Cylinder
2 Kl(T2 T1 )
Q
=
ln(R 2 / R1 )
t
=
20.

2 3.14 15 10 2 50 10
ln(1.2 / 1)

90

= 232.5 233 j/s.

dQ
= Rate of flow of heat
dt
Let us consider a strip at a distance r from the center of thickness dr.
dQ
K 2 rd d
=
[d = Temperature diff across the thickness dr]
dt
dr
28.4

120C

50 cm

Heat Transfer
C=

K 2 rd d
dr

d
dr

dr
r

dr
= K2 d d
r
Integrating
C

r2

C
r1

r1

r2

dr
= K2 d
r

r2
r1

C log

r2
r1

= K2 d (

= K2 d (

1)

C(log r2 log r1) = K2 d (

C=

C log r

1)

1)

K 2 d( 2
1)
log(r2 / r1 )

21. T1 > T2
2
2
A = (R2 R1 )
2

KA (T2 T1 )
KA (R 2 R1 )(T2 T1 )
=
l
l
Considering a concentric cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness
dr. The radial heat flow through the shell
dQ
d
= KA
[(-)ve because as r increases
H=
dt
dt
decreases]
d
A = 2 rl
H = 2 rl K
dt

R1

2 LK
H

T2

d
T1

T1

ge
Ba

or

dr
=
r

T2

R1

R2

ol
le

R2

g.
in

So, Q =

Integrating and simplifying we get

2 KL(T2 T1 )
2 KL( T2 T1 )
dQ
=
=
H=
dt
Loge(R 2 / R1 )
ln(R 2 / R1 )

yC

22. Here the thermal conductivities are in series,

K 1A( 1
2 ) K 2 A( 1
2)
KA ( 1
l1
l2
2)
=
K 1A( 1
)
K
A
(
)
l
l
2
2
1
2
1
2
l1
l2

K1
l1
K1
l1

L1

K2
l2
K2
l2

L2

K
l1 l 2

K 1K 2
K
=
K 1l 2 K 2l1
l1 l2

K=

(K 1K 2 )(l1 l2 )
K 1l2 K 2l1

23. KCu = 390 w/m-C

KSt = 46 w/m-C
Now, Since they are in series connection,
So, the heat passed through the crossections in the same.
So, Q1 = Q2
K
A (
0)
K
A (100
)
Or Cu
= St
l
l
390( 0) = 46 100 46
436 = 4600
4600
=
= 10.55 10.6C
436
28.5

0C

Cu

Steel
C

100C

Heat Transfer
24. As the Aluminum rod and Copper rod joined are in parallel

Q
=
t

Q
t1

KA(

Q
t

Al

2)

40C
80C

Cu

K 2 A( 1
1
2)
l
l
K = K1 + K2 = (390 + 200) = 590
1

K 1A(

Cu

Al

80C

2)

KA ( 1
590 1 10 4 (60 20)
Q
4
2)
=
=
= 590 10 40 = 2.36 Watt
t
l
1
25. KAl = 200 w/m-C
KCu = 400 w/m-C
2
5
2
A = 0.2 cm = 2 10 m
1
l = 20 cm = 2 10 m
Heat drawn per second
A(80 40) K Cu A(80 40)
2 10 5 40
=
[200
l
l
2 10 1
Heat drawn per min = 2.4 60 = 144 J
26. (Q/t)AB = (Q/t)BE bent + (Q/t)BE
KA ( 1
KA ( 1
2)
2)
(Q/t)BE bent =
(Q/t)BE =
70
60
(Q / t )BE bent
60
6
=
=
(Q / t )BE
70
7
K Al

400] = 2.4 J

ge
Ba

g.
in

= QAl + QCu =

0C
F

(Q/t)BE bent + (Q/t)BE = 130

(Q/t)BE bent + (Q/t)BE 7/6 = 130

7
6

(Q/t)BE bent =

KA(
Q
=
t

2)

28. (a)

2 10

(b) Resistance of glass =

Resistance of air =
Net resistance =

60
12
=
390 A 100
7

1 2 1( 40 32)

ak g

60 cm

20 cm

60 cm
5 cm
20 cm

5 cm
20 cm

1 mm

ak g
g

ak g

ak g

2
a kg
1 10
2

ak a

1
ka
3

2k a
a

kg

K gk a

2 0.025 1
0.025

1 10 3 1.05
0.05
8 0.05
=
= 380.9 381 W
1 10 3 1.05
=

Q
=
t

20 cm

A
100C

= 8000 J/sec.

ak a

130 6
= 60
13

ol
le

Q
780 A 100
bent =
t
70
Q
390 A 100
str =
t
60
(Q / t ) bent
780 A 100
=
(Q / t ) str
70

yC

27.

1 (Q/t)BE bent = 130

28.6

Heat Transfer
29. Now; Q/t remains same in both cases
K
A (100 70)
K
A (70 0)
= B
In Case : A
30 KA = 70 KB
K
A (100
In Case : B
100KB KB

7
3
30. 1 2 = 100
Q
2
= 1
t
R

100
/ a 1 / 80

aK Cu

aK Al

40 = 80 100

1
200

2
a 200

1
400

l
K Al

K Cu

l
1
A 200

ol
le

l
A

200

400

l
A

l
A Cu

T1

T
l

T T3
3l / 2

T T2
3l / 2

7T = 3T1 2(T2 + T3)

400 =

l
AK Al

l
A Al

R2
R 100C

Cu

R1

4
600

Al

Al

1
= 75
200

yC

a
a
(K Al K Cu K Al ) =
2 200
l
l
l
1
R=
a 800
Q
100 800 a
2
= 1
=
t
R
l
100 800
=
= 400 W
200
31. Let the temp. at B be T
QC
QA
Q
= B
t
t
t

100C

1
4 1
=
a 400
a 80

l
AK Cu

Q
100 600 A
100 600
100
2
= 1
=
=
=
t
R
l / A 4 / 600
4
l
4
For (c)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
=
l
l
l
R
R1 R 2 R 3
aK Al
aK Cu aK Al
=

Al

Cu

Al

l
R CuR Al
R CuR Al
AK Al
R = R1 + R2 = R1 +
= RAl +
=
R Cu R Al
R Cu R Al
l
AK Al

0C

300
= 30C
10

For (b)

ge
Ba

g.
in

aK Al

0C

0)

0C

R = R1 + R2 +R3 =

100C

100 =

A (

= KA
70
=
KB
30

100KB KB

Q
=
t

KA

70C

100C

Al
0C

Cu

100C

Al
T2

T3

a
800
l

F
QB

QC
B

D
QA
T1

KA(T1
l

T)

KA(T T3 )
l (l / 2)

KA(T T2 )
l (l / 2)

T2

T3

F
QB

3T1 3T = 4T 2(T2 + T3)

T=

3T1

2(T2
7
28.7

QC
C

T3 )

QA
T1

Heat Transfer

K y 2d
Q
=
T
dx
Ldy
2
=K yd
r2r1

QLdy

r1 )K y 2

(r2

d =
1

QL
r2 r1 k

r2

r1

dy
y

1)

1)

r2
r1

QL
r1 K

QL
r2 r1 K

1
r1

1
r2

r2 r1
r1 r2

K r1r2 ( 2
1)
L
d
60
=
= 0.1C/sec
dt
10 60
dQ
KA
=
1
2
dt
d
KA 0.1 KA 0.2
KA 60
.......
=
d
d
d
KA
KA 600
=
(0.1 0.2 ........ 60) =
(2 0.1 599 0.1)
d
d
2
[ a + 2a +.+ na = n/2{2a + (n 1)a}]
Q=

34.

r2

1
y

yC

QL
( 2 1) =
r2 r1 K

r1

ol
le

Integrating both side

200 1 10
2

300 (0.2 59.9) =

20 10
= 3 10 60.1 = 1803 w 1800 w

200 10

300 60.1
20

28.8

d
(r2 r1) r2

ge
Ba

from(1)

dx

dx
2
=k yd
T

Now

g.
in

32. The temp at the both ends of bar F is same

Rate of Heat flow to right = Rate of heat flow through left
(Q/t)A + (Q/t)C = (Q/t)B + (Q/t)D
K A (T1 T )A K C (T1 T )A
K (T T2 )A K D (T T2 )A
= B
l
l
l
l
2K0(T1 T) = 2 2K0(T T2)
T1 T = 2T 2T2
T 2T2
T= 1
3
r2 r1
y r1
33. Tan =
=
L
x
xr2 xr1 = yL r1L
Differentiating wr to x
Ldy
0
r 2 r1 =
dx
r r
dyL
dy
= 2 1
dx =
(1)
r2 r1
dx
L

Heat Transfer
35. a = r1 = 5 cm = 0.05 m
b = r2 = 20 cm = 0.2 m
1 = T1 = 50C
2 = T2 = 10C
Now, considering a small strip of thickness dr at a distance r.
2
A=4 r
d
2
H=4 r K
[()ve because with increase of r, decreases]
dr
b dr
4 K 2
=
On integration,
=
d
2
a r
H
1
4 ab( 1
dQ
2)
H=
= K
dt
(b a)
Putting the values we get

K=

= 100

Ln

(T1 T2 ) / 2
2KAt
=
(T1 T2 )
Lms

Fall in Temp in T1

KA (T1 T2 )
Lm 2 s 2

Final Temp. T2 = T2

T2

dT
=
dt

KA T1 T2
L

1
m1s1

ln t =

KA m2 s 2 m1s1
t C
L
m1s1m2 s 2

T
=
T0

T=

T0 e

g.
in
(T1

( T1 T2 )

2KAt
Lms

T2 )

ln2 =

2KAt
Lms

2KA
dt
Lms
t = ln2

KA (T1 T2 )
Lm1s1

Rise in Temp. in T2

KA (T1 T2 )
= T1
Lm 2 s 2

KA(T1 T2 )
Lm1s1

KA(T1 T2 )
Lm1s1

= T2

T
= e
T0
T1 e

KA (T1 T2 )
Lm 2 s 2

KA m 2 s 2 m1s1
dt
L
m1s1m 2 s 2

T = T0

KA m 2 s 2 m1s1
t
L
m1s1m 2 s 2
KA m1s1 m2s2
t
L
m1s1m2s2

T2

dT
=
T1 T2

1
m2s 2

At time t = 0, T = T0,

ln

dt

KA (T1 T2 )
Lm1s1

KA(T1 T2 )
Lm1s1

T
= T1
dt

( T1 T2 )

Final Temp. T1 = T1

C = ln T0
KA m1s1 m2s2
t
L
m1s1m2s2

KA m1s1 m2s2
t
L
m1s1m2s2

28.9

KA (T1 T2 )
Lms
KA(T1 T2 )
Lms

ge
Ba

ln (1/2) =

yC

KA(T1 T2 )
Q
=
t
L

2KA(T1 T2 )
Lms

37.

2KA(T1 T2 )
dT
=
=
Lms
dt

T2

ol
le

= T1

= 2.985 3 w/m-C
4 3.14 4 10 1
KA (T1 T2 )
Q
36.
=
Rise in Temp. in T2
t
L
KA (T1 T2 )
T1
Fall in Temp in T1 =
Final Temp. T1
Lms
KA (T1 T2 )
Final Temp. T2 = T2
Lms
KA(T1 T2 )
KA (T1 T2 )
T
T2
Final
= T1
dt
Lms
Lms

5 cm

dr

K 4 3.14 5 20 40 10
15 10
15

20
cm

Lms
2KA

Heat Transfer

KA(Ts T0 )
nCP dT KA(Ts T0 )
Q
=
=
t
x
dt
x
KA(Ts T0 )
n(5 / 2)RdT
dT
2LA
=
=
(TS T0 )
dt
x
dt
5nRx
dT
2KAdt
2KAdt
=
ln(TS T0 )TT0 =
(TS T0 )
5nRx
5nRx
ln

TS T
=
TS T0

T = TS

( TS

2KAdt
5nRx

T0 )e

T = T T0 = (TS

TS T = (TS

2KAt
5nRx

= TS

T0 ) (TS

Pa AL
= (TS
nR

T0 )

1 e

nR
(TS
Pa A

T0 )

1 e

L=

(TS
T0 )e

T0 )e

T0 )e
2KAt
5nRx

2KAt
5nRx

2KAt
5nRx

= (TS

2KAt
5nRx

T0 )

1 e

2KAt
5nRx

[padv = nRdt

PaAl = nRdt

dT =

g.
in

38.

2KAt
5nRx

So, EAl =

e T4
4

ol
le

ge
Ba

T = 37C = 310 K,
= 6.0 10 w/m -K
39. A = 1.6 m ,
Energy radiated per second
4
8
4
4
= A T = 1.6 6 10 (310) = 8865801 10 = 886.58 887 J
2
4
2
T = 20C = 293 K
40. A = 12 cm = 12 10 m
e = 0.8
= 6 108 w/m2-k4
Q
4
4
8
4
12
13
= Ae T = 12 10 0.8 6 10 (293) = 4.245 10 10 = 0.4245 0.42
t
41. E
Energy radiated per unit area per unit time
Energy radiated
Rate of heat flow
(a) Per time = E A

4 r2

1
4

1:4

yC

4 (2r )
e T
A
(b) Emissivity of both are same
m1S1dT1
=1
=
m 2S 2 dT2

s 4 r 3 S2
dT1
m S
1
900
= 2 2 = 1 13
=
=1:2:9
dT2
m1S1
3
.
4
8
390
s 2 4 r2 S1
42.

Q
4
= Ae T
t

100
4
T =
teA
0.8 2 3.14 4 10 5 1 6 10 8
T = 1697.0 1700 K
2
4
2
T = 57C = 330 K
43. (a) A = 20 cm = 20 10 m ,
4
4
8
4
4
E = A T = 20 10 6 10 (330) 10 = 1.42 J
E
4
4
2
4
2
(b)
= A e(T1 T2 ),
A = 20 cm = 20 10 m
t
8
= 6 10
T1 = 473 K,
T2 = 330 K
4
8
4
4
= 20 10 6 10 1[(473) (330) ]
10
10
= 20 6 [5.005 10 1.185 10 ]
2
from the ball.
= 20 6 3.82 10 = 4.58 w
4

T =

28.10

Pa AL
]
nR

Heat Transfer
3

ge
Ba

e A T1 T2
d
=
dt
ms

g.
in

44. r = 1 cm = 1 10 m
A = 4 (102)2 = 4 104 m2
8
E = 0.3,
= 6 10
E
4
4
= A e(T1 T2 )
t
8
4
4
4
= 0.3 6 10 4 10 [(100) (300) ]
12
12
= 0.3 6 4 10 [1 0.0081] 10
4
= 0.3 6 4 3.14 9919 10
5
= 4 18 3.14 9919 10 = 22.4 22 W
45. Since the Cube can be assumed as black body
e=
= 6 108 w/m2-k4
4
2
A = 6 25 10 m
m = 1 kg
s = 400 J/kg-K
T1 = 227C = 500 K
T2 = 27C = 300 K
d
4
4
ms
= e A(T1 T2 )
dt

6 25 10 4 [(500 ) 4 (300) 4 ]
1 400
36 25 544
4
=
10 4 = 1224 10 = 0.1224C/s 0.12C/s.
400
4
4
46. Q = e A(T2 T1 )
For any body, 210 = eA [(500)4 (300)4]
For black body, 700 = 1 A [(500)4 (300)4]
210
e
Dividing
=
e = 0.3
700
1
2
2
AB = 80 cm
47. AA = 20 cm ,
(mS)A = 42 J/C,
(mS)B = 82 J/C,
TA = 100C,
TB = 20C
KB is low thus it is a poor conducter and KA is high.
Thus A will absorb no heat and conduct all
1 6 10

E
t

yC

ol
le

mS

d
dt

=
A

Similarly
48.

= AA [(373) (293) ]

d
dt

A a (373 )
(293 )
(mS ) A

6 10

d
dt

B
A

AA [(373) (293) ]

(373 ) 4
42

(293 ) 4

= 0.03 C/S

= 0.043 C/S
B

Q
4
4
= eAe(T2 T1 )
t
Q
8
4
4
8
8
8
= 1 6 10 [(300) (290) ]
= 6 10 (81 10 70.7 10 ) = 6 10.3
At
KA ( 1
Q
2)
=
t
l
K( 1
Q
K 17
K 17
6 10.3 0.5
2)
=
=
= 6 10.3 =
K=
= 1.8
tA
l
0 .5
0 .5
17
28.11

Heat Transfer
49.

= 6 10 w/m -k
L = 20 cm = 0.2 m,
K=?
KA( 1
)
4
4
2
= A (T1 T2 )
E=
d
s(T1 T2 ) d
6 10 8 (750 4 300 4 ) 2 10
K=
=
50
1
2

300 K

20 cm

K = 73.993 74.
50. v = 100 cc
= 5C
t = 5 min
For water
mS
KA
=
dt
l

100 10

1000 4200
KA
=
5
l

800 2100
t

800 2100

KA
l

100 10

1000 4200
t
5
5 800 2100
T=
= 2 min
1000 4200
51. 50C
45C
40C
Let the surrounding temperature be TC
50 45
= 47.5
Avg. t =
2
Avg. temp. diff. from surrounding
T = 47.5 T
50 45
= 1 C/mm
Rate of fall of temp =
5
From Newtons Law
1C/mm = bA t
1
1
(1)
bA = =
t
47.5 T
In second case,
40 45
Avg, temp =
= 42.5
2
Avg. temp. diff. from surrounding
t = 42.5 t
45 40
5
Rate of fall of temp =
= C/mm
8
8
From Newtons Law
5
= bAt
B
5
1
=
( 42.5 T )
8
( 47.5 T )
By C & D [Componendo & Dividendo method]
We find, T = 34.1C
=

yC

ol
le

100 10

ge
Ba

100 10

g.
in

For Kerosene
ms
KA
=
at
l

28.12

750 K

800 K

Heat Transfer
52. Let the water eq. of calorimeter = m

ge
Ba

g.
in

(m 50 10 3 ) 4200 5
= Rate of heat flow
10
(m 100 10 3 ) 4200 5
= Rate of flow
18
(m 50 10 3 ) 4200 5
(m 100 10 3 ) 4200 5
=
10
18
3
3
(m + 50 10 )18 = 10m + 1000 10
3
3
18m + 18 50 10 = 10m + 1000 10
3
8m = 100 10 kg
3
m = 12.5 10 kg = 12.5 g
53. In steady state condition as no heat is absorbed, the rate of loss of heat by
conduction is equal to that of the supplied.
i.e. H = P
m = 1Kg, Power of Heater = 20 W, Room Temp. = 20C
d
= P = 20 watt
(a) H =
dt
(b) by Newtons law of cooling
d
= K( 0)
dt
20 = K(50 20)
K = 2/3
d
20
2
= K( 0) =
(30 20) =
w
Again,
dt
3
3
20
10
dQ
dQ
dQ
= 0,
=
=
(c)
dt 20
dt 30
3
dt avg
3
T = 5 min = 300

10
300 = 1000 J
3
Net Heat absorbed = Heat supplied Heat Radiated = 6000 1000 = 5000 J
Now, m
= 5000
5000
5000
1
1
S=
=
= 500 J Kg C
m
1 10
54. Given:
Heat capacity = m s = 80 J/C

yC

ol
le

Heat liberated =

d
dt

increase

d
dt

decrease

= 2 C/s

= 0.2 C/s

(a) Power of heater = mS

(b) Power radiated = mS
(c) Now mS

d
dt

d
dt
d
dt

= 80 2 = 160 W
increa sin g

= 80 0.2 = 16 W
decrea sin g

= K(T T0)
decrea sin g

16 = K(30 20)

K=

16
= 1.6
10

d
= K(T T0) = 1.6 (30 25) = 1.6 5 = 8 W
dt
(d) P.t = H
8t

Now,

28.13

30C

T
20C

Heat Transfer

d
= K(T T0)
dt
Temp. at t = 0 is 1
(a) Max. Heat that the body can loose = Qm = ms( 1 0)
( as, t = 1 0)
(b) if the body loses 90% of the max heat the decrease in its temp. will be
(
Qm 9
0) 9
= 1
10ms
10
If it takes time t1, for this process, the temp. at t1
10 1 9 1 9 0
9 0
9
= 1 ( 1
=
= 1
1
0)
10
10
10
d
Now,
= K( 1)
dt
Let = 1 at t = 0; & be temp. at time t
t

d
o

or, ln
1

g.
in

K dt
= Kt

0
kt

yC

ol
le

ge
Ba

(2)
or, 0 = ( 1 0) e
Putting value in the Eq (1) and Eq (2)
kt
1 9 0
( 1 0) e
0
10
ln 10
t1 =
k

55.

28.14