The document discusses different types of technical drawings used in engineering. It describes isometric projection as a method to represent 3D objects in 2D by foreshortening the three axes at 120 degree angles. It also covers orthographic, oblique, and perspective projections, and explains first and third angle projections place the object in different quadrants of the projection plane. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate each type of projection.
The document discusses different types of technical drawings used in engineering. It describes isometric projection as a method to represent 3D objects in 2D by foreshortening the three axes at 120 degree angles. It also covers orthographic, oblique, and perspective projections, and explains first and third angle projections place the object in different quadrants of the projection plane. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate each type of projection.
The document discusses different types of technical drawings used in engineering. It describes isometric projection as a method to represent 3D objects in 2D by foreshortening the three axes at 120 degree angles. It also covers orthographic, oblique, and perspective projections, and explains first and third angle projections place the object in different quadrants of the projection plane. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate each type of projection.
The document discusses different types of technical drawings used in engineering. It describes isometric projection as a method to represent 3D objects in 2D by foreshortening the three axes at 120 degree angles. It also covers orthographic, oblique, and perspective projections, and explains first and third angle projections place the object in different quadrants of the projection plane. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate each type of projection.
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION Iso means equal and metric projection means a projection to a reduced measure. Isometric projection is a method for visually representing threedimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angles between any two of them are 120 degrees.
Civil Engineering drawing
PROJECTIONS
Civil Engineering drawing
ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECION looking through the plane
(Plane between observer and object)
ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECION looking Directly at object
(object between observer and plane)
Civil Engineering drawing
OBLIQUE PROJECTION
OBLIQUE PROJECION looking through the plane
(Plane between observer and object)
OBLIQUE PROJECION looking Directly at object
(object between observer and plane)
Civil Engineering drawing
PERSPESTIVE PROJECTION
PERSPESTIVE PROJECION looking through the plane
(Plane between observer and object)
PERSPESTIVE PROJECION looking Directly at objective
(object between observer and plane)
Civil Engineering drawing
VIEWS
Civil Engineering drawing
Isometric: Receding lines drawn at 30 and are usually kept at true measured lengths.
Perspective: Used more with freehand sketching. Parallel lines appear to
converge and meet at what is referred to as the vanishing point. You can have one, two or three vanishing points (VP).
Civil Engineering drawing
Oblique: Front face sketched as a true shape. Starts with two axes, one horizontal, one vertical. The third axis is usually drawn at 45 and lengths are reduced by 50% of true lengths. Sometimes called 'cabinet' projection
Civil Engineering drawing
PROJECTION PLANES
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ANGLE PROJECTION
Four Quadrants Civil Engineering drawing
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ANGLE PROJECTION Projections created with the object placed in the first quadrant are said to be in First Angle projection, and likewise, projections created with the object placed in the third quadrant are said to be in Third Angle projection.
3rd Angle Projection
1st Angle Projection
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ANGLE PROJECTION
Civil Engineering drawing
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ANGLE PROJECTION Both systems of projection, First and Third angle, are approved internationally and have equal status. The system used must be clearly indicated on every drawing, using the appropriate symbol.
Civil Engineering drawing
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ANGLE PROJECTION The component: Your drawing will, for this example consist of four views:
Front F Left L Right R Plan (Top)
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FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION
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THE END !! ANY QUESTIONS ?? Engr. Ali Raza Khalid Civil Engineering drawing
