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This document contains solutions to 10 practice exam questions on multivariable calculus. The solutions provide detailed step-by-step workings for limits, derivatives, integrals, and other calculus topics. Key concepts covered include limits, linear approximation, partial derivatives, double integrals, and tangent planes.

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George Ezar N. Quiriado
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49 views12 pages

Now 1

This document contains solutions to 10 practice exam questions on multivariable calculus. The solutions provide detailed step-by-step workings for limits, derivatives, integrals, and other calculus topics. Key concepts covered include limits, linear approximation, partial derivatives, double integrals, and tangent planes.

Uploaded by

George Ezar N. Quiriado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Math 114

Fall 2011
Practice Exam 2 with Solutions

Contents
1 Problems

2 Solution key

3 Solutions

Problems

Question 1: Evaluate the limit


x+1

lim
(x,y)(1,2)

(x + 1)2 + (y 2)2

(A) 0

(B) 1

(D) does not exist

(E) +

Solution Key: 2.1

(C) 1

(F) 1/ 5

Solution: 3.1

Question 2: Use linear approximation


at (2, 1) to estimate the value f (1.8, 0.9)
p
of the function f (x, y) = 4 + 2x2 + 4y 2 .
(A) 4.2

(B) 4.7

(C) 3.7

(D) 3.5

(E) 4.5

(F) none of the above

Solution Key: 2.2

Solution: 3.2

Question 3: The equation


20xy z 4 x y 2 z = 2
defines z as a function of x and y. Find

(A)

1
5

(D) 0

(C) 4

(B) 22
(E)

z
at the point (1, 1, 2).
x

4
33

(F) none of the above


Solution: 3.3

Solution Key: 2.3

Question 4: Evaluate the integral


Z Z
cos(x2 + y 2 )dxdy,
D

where D = {(x, y)|x2 + y 2 , 0 y x}.

(A)
8

(D)
4


(B)
2
(E)

Solution Key: 2.4

(C) 0
1
(F)

Solution: 3.4

Question 5: A hiker is walking on a mountain path. The surface of the


mountain is described by the equation z = 1 4x2 3y 2 . The positive
x-axis points East and the positive y-axis
points North. If the hiker

1
3
begins her treck at the point 4 , 0, 4 , in which direction should she
walk in order to ascend most rapidly?

(A)

1
2

1 b

(B) West

3
2

(C) North

(D) 21 b

(E) South-West

(F) none of the above

Solution Key: 2.5

Solution: 3.5

Question 6: The maximum value of (xy)6 on the ellipse


at a point (x, y) for which y 2 is equal to

2
3
5
(D)
11
(A)

1
2
10
(E)
11
(B)

Solution Key: 2.6

(C)

2
3

(F) 3
Solution: 3.6

x2
+ y 2 = 1 occurs
4

Question 7: Evaluate
Z

x+1

3y y 3 dydx.

2
(A)
3

4 2
(D)
9

2 2
(B)
3
(E)

Solution Key: 2.7

(C)

3
2

(F) 2 3
Solution: 3.7

Question 8: Classify the critical points of the function


f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 + 3x2 3y 2 8.

Solution Key: 2.8

Solution: 3.8


Question 9: The position of a moving particle is given by
r (t) = h2t, 1, t2 i.
Find the tangential and normal components of the acceleration vector
at time t = 1.
Solution Key: 2.9

Solution: 3.9

Question 10: Find the parametric equations for the line tangent to the
curve of intersection of the surfaces 2x2 + y 2 = 3 and x2 + y 2 z = 1
at the point (1, 1, 1).
Solution Key: 2.10

Solution: 3.10

Solution key

(1) (D)
(2) (C)
(3) (E)
(4) (C)
(5) (B)
(6) (B)
(7) (D)
(8) (0, 0) and (2, 2) are saddle points, (0, 2) is a local minimum and
(2, 0) is a local maximum.

(9) 2, 2

(10)
r (t) = h1 2t, 1 + 4t, 1 + 4ti

Solutions

Solution of problem 1.1: If (x, y) (1, 2) the numerator and the denominator of the fraction both tend to zero and so we need some additional analysis before we can determine the limit. If the limit exists
then we should be able to reproduce it by approaching the point (1, 2)
along any curve in the (x, y)-plane. To test the existence of the limit we
try approaching (1, 2) along a line. A line through the point (1, 2)
with slope k is given by the p
equation y 2 = k(x + 1). Restricting the
function f (x, y) = (x + 1)/ (x + 1)2 + (y 2)2 to this line we get a
function in one variable
f (x, 2 + k(x + 1)) = p

x+1
1)2

(x +

k 2 (x

1)2

x+1

.
|x + 1| 1 + k 2

If the limit L of (x, y) as (x, y) (1, 2) exists, then for all k the
limit of limx1 f (x, 2 + k(x + 1)) will exist and will be equal to L.
Suppose that x approaches 1 from the right. Then x + 1 0, and so
f (x, 2 + k(x + 1)) = (1 + k 2 )1/2 for such xs. Thus L will have to be
equal to
lim + f (x, 2 + k(x + 1)) = (1 + k 2 )1/2 .
x1

But for k = 0 this gives L = 1, and for k = 1 this gives L = 1/ 2.


Thus the limit of f as (x, y) (1, 2) can not exist. The correct
answer is (D).

Solution of problem 1.2: The partial derivatives of f are


fx = p

2x
4 + 2x2 + 4y 2

fy = p

4y
4 + 2x2 + 4y 2

Evaluating at x = 2 and y = 1 we get


f (2, 1) = 4,

fx (2, 1) = 1,

fy (2, 1) = 1,

and so the linear approximation of f (x, y) at (2, 1) is


L(x, y) = 4 + (x 2) (y + 1) = 1 + x y.

Evaluating at x = 1.8, y = 0.9 we get


f (1.8, 0.9) L(1.8, 0.9) = 1 + 1.8 + 0.9 = 3.7.
Hence the correct answer is (C).

Solution of problem 1.3: Differentiating the equation with respect to x


we get the equation
20y 4z 3 zx x z 4 y 2 zx = 0.
Substituting x = 1, y = 1 and z = 2 we get
20 32zx 16 zx = 0,
and so zx =

4
. The correct answer is (E).
33

Solution of problem 1.4: Since D is constrained by the inequalities x2 +


y 2 and 0 y x, we see that the region D is bounded by the line
y = x, the x-axis and the circle x2 + y 2 = . Thus
D is the sector that

the rays = 0, = 4 cut out of the disc r . In other words, we


can describe D in polar coordinates as

n
o


D = (r, ) 0 , 0 r .
4
Now we can compute:
Z Z

cos(x + y )dxdy =
D

=
The correct answer is (C).

cos(r2 )rdrd

sin(r2 )|0 = 0.
8

Solution of problem 1.5: The direction of most rapid increase of the altitude function z = 1 4x2 3y 2 is the direction of the gradient vector

z = 8x b 6y b. At the point (1/4, 0, 3/4) we have z(1/4, 0) =

2 b. The unit vector in the direction of z(1/4, 0) is

1
z(1/4, 0) = b.

| z(1/4, 0)|
So the hiker has to walk in the direction of the vector b, which is due
West. The correct answer is (B).
Solution of problem 1.6: We want to maximize f (x, y) = (xy)6 subject
to the constraint g(x, y) = x2 /4 + y 2 1 = 0. The maximum occurs
when

f = g,
g = 0.

We compute f = 6x5 y 6b + 6x6 y 5b and g = (x/2)b + 2yb. So we


must solve
x
2
6x6 y 5 = 2y

6x5 y 6 =

x2
+ y2 = 1
4
Solving the first two equations for we get = 12x4 y 6 and = 3x6 y 4 ,
and so 12x4 y 6 = 3x6 y 4 . Thus either x = 0, or y = 0, or xy 6= 0 and
x2 = 4y 2 . Substituting the latter in the third equation we get 2y 2 = 1.
If either x or y is zero, then f = 0 and so the maximum of f occurs
when y 2 = 1/2. The correct answer is (B).

Solution of problem 1.7: The domainof integration consists


of all (x, y)
such that 1 x 0 and 0 y x + 1. If we solve x + 1 = y for
x we get x = y 2 1 and the values x = 1 and x = 0 correspond to
y = 0 and y = 1 respectively. However we can not have 1 y 0
10

since for our region we required y 0. Thus we must have 0 y 1


and y 2 1 x 0. In particular
Z 0 Z x+1 p
Z 1Z 0 p
3
3y y dydx =
3y y 3 dxdy
1

y 2 1

p
(y 2 1) 3y y 3 dy
0

Z 2
u
1 2 3 2 4 2
=
.
du = u 2 |0 =
3
3 3
9
0
=

Here at the last step we used the substitution u = 3y y 3 .


The correct answer is (D).

Solution of problem 1.8: The partial derivatives of f are


fx = 3x2 + 6x
fy = 3y 2 6y,
and the second partials are
fxx = 6x + 6
fxy = 0
fyy = 6y 6,
2
and so D(x, y) = fxx fyy fxy
= 36(x + 1)(y 1) Solving fx = 0 and
fy = 0 we get x = 0, 2 and y = 0, 2. Thus we have four critical points
(0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 0) and (2, 2) and we compute

D(0, 0) = 36,

fxx (0, 0) = 6

D(0, 2) = 36,

fxx (0, 2) = 6

D(2, 0) = 36,

fxx (2, 0) = 6

D(2, 2) = 36,

fxx (2, 2) = 6.

By the second derivative test we conclude that (0, 0) and (2, 2) are
saddle points, (0, 2) is a local minimum and (2, 0) is a local maximum.

11


Solution of problem 1.9: Since
r (t) = h2t, 1, t2 i we have

v (t) = h2, 0, 2ti,

a (t) =i0, 0, 2i.


In particular we compute

v(t) = |
v (t)| = 4 + 0 + 4t2 = 2 1 + t2 ,
and so the tangential component of the acceleration at time t is
2t
.
aT = v 0 (t) =
1 + t2
For the magnitude of the acceleration at time t we have

a = |
a (t)| = 0 + 0 + 4 = 2.
From here we can compute the normal component of the acceleration
at time t:
r
q
4t2
2
=
.
aN = a2 a2T = 4
2
1+t
1 + t2

So at t = 1 we get aT = 2 and aN = 2.
Solution of problem 1.10: The normal vector to the surface f (x, y, z) =
2x2 + y 2 3 = 0 at (1.1.1) is

f (1, 1, 1) = ((4x)b + 2yb)|(1,1,1) = 4b + 2b.


Similarly, the normal vector to the surface g(x, y, z) = x2 +y 2 z1 = 0
is

b |(1,1,1) = 2b + 2b k.
b
g(1, 1, 1) = ((2x)b + (2y)b k)
Consequently the tangent vector to C at (1, 1, 1) is

b
b
b

b
f (1, 1, 1) g(1, 1, 1) = det 4 2 0 = 2b + 4b + 4k.
2 2 1
Thus the parametric equations of the tangent line are
x = 1 2t
y = 1 + 4t
z = 1 + 4t.

12

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