Scribd
Upload
244 views7 pages

Lathe Operations

The document discusses various lathe operations including centering, straight turning, shoulder turning, taper turning, chamfering, thread cutting, facing, knurling, filing, grooving, internal thread cutting, tapping, and undercutting. It also covers cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Taper turning methods like using the compound rest, form tool, and offsetting the tailstock are described. Angle calculations for taper turning are provided with equations to determine the half and full taper angles.

Uploaded by

Anand Balaji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
244 views7 pages

Lathe Operations

The document discusses various lathe operations including centering, straight turning, shoulder turning, taper turning, chamfering, thread cutting, facing, knurling, filing, grooving, internal thread cutting, tapping, and undercutting. It also covers cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Taper turning methods like using the compound rest, form tool, and offsetting the tailstock are described. Angle calculations for taper turning are provided with equations to determine the half and full taper angles.

Uploaded by

Anand Balaji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

LATHE OPERATIONS

LATHE

THEORY

Lathe operations
Operations which are performed in a lathe either by holding work
piece between center or by a chuck are:o Centering:- Where the work is required to be turned between
centers or between a chuck and a center, conical shaped
holes must be provided at ends of the work piece. This is
called centering.

o Straight turning:- Turning in a lathe is to remove excess


material from the work piece to produce a cylindrical surface.

o Shoulder turning:- When a work piece of different diameter is


turned, the surface forming step from one diameter to other
is called shoulder.

LATHE OPERATIONS

LATHE

THEORY

o Taper turning:- Taper turning means to produce a conical


surface by gradual reduction in diameter from a cylindrical
work piece. Taper turning is discussed in detail further
o Chamfering:- It is the operation of beveling the extreme end
of the work piece. This is done to remove burrs, to protect
end of the work piece from being damaged and to have a
better look.

o Thread cutting: The principle of thread cutting is to produce a helical


groove on a cylindrical or conical surface by feeding tool
longitudinally, when job is revolved between centers.
The longitudinal feed should be equal to pitch of the
thread to be cut per revolution on a work piece.
A definite ratio between the longitudinal feed and
rotation of head stock spindle should therefore be found
out so that relative speeds of rotation of work and lead
screw will result in cutting of a desired pitch.

LATHE OPERATIONS

LATHE

THEORY

o Facing:- It is the operation of machining ends of the piece of


work to produce a flat surface square with the axis. This is
also used to cut the work to required length.

o Knurling:- It is the process of embossing a diamond shaped


pattern on the surface of a work piece. The purpose of
knurling is to provide an effective gripping surface on a work
piece to prevent it from slipping when operated by hand.

o Filing:- It is a finishing operation performed after turning. This


is done in a lathe to remove burrs, sharp corners and feed
marks on a work piece and also to bring it to size by very
small amount of metal.

LATHE OPERATIONS

LATHE

THEORY

o Grooving:- It is the process of reducing diameter of work


piece over a narrow surface. It is often done at the end of
thread or adjacent to a shoulder to leave a small margin.

o Internal thread cutting:- The tool is similar to a boring tool


with a cutting edge ground to the shape conforming to type
of thread to be cut.

o Tapping:- Tapping is the operation of cutting internal threads


of smaller diameter using a multi point tool called tap.
o Under cutting:- It is the process of boring a groove or a larger
hole at a fixed distance from the end of a hole. This is similar
to boring operation except that a square nose parting tool is
used.

Cutting parameters and machining time calculations:o Cutting speed:- The cutting speed, v of the tool is the speed at
which metal is removed by the tool from work piece. In a
lathe it is peripheral speed of the work past cutting tool
expressed in m/min.

LATHE OPERATIONS

LATHE

THEORY

where d is diameter of work in mm


n is rpm of work

o Feed:- The feed of a cutting tool in a lathe work is distance


the tool advances for each revolution of work. Feed is
expressed in mm/rev.
o Depth of cut:- The depth of cut, t is the perpendicular
distance measured from machined surface to uncut surface of
work piece. In a lathe, the depth of cut is expressed as
follows: =

where d1 is diameter of work piece before machining


d2 is diameter of machined surface
Other factors remaining constant, depth of cut varies
inversely as cutting speed. For general purposes, ratio of
depth of cut to the feed varies from 10:1.

o Machining time: The machining time in a lathe work can be calculated for
a particular operation if speed of job, feed and length is
known.
If s is the feed of job per revolution expressed in mm/rev
and l is length of job in mm, number of revolutions of job

required for a complete cut will be .


5

LATHE OPERATIONS

LATHE

THEORY

If rpm of work is n, time taken to revolve the job through

l/s, number of revolutions for a complete cut will be .

Therefore, time taken for a complete cut =

Taper turning:o Taper turning methods: Taper turning by swiveling compound rest:This method employs principle of turning taper by rotating
work piece on lathe axis and feeding tool at an angle to axis
of rotation of work piece. Once the compound rest is set at
desired half angle, rotation of compound slide screw will
cause tool to be fed at an angle and generate a corresponding
taper.

Taper turning by a form tool:A broad nose tool having straight cutting edge is set on to
work at half of the taper angle and is fed straight into work
piece to generate a desired taper.

Taper turning by setting over tail stock:Turning taper by this method is to shift axis of rotation of
work piece at an angle to lathe axis and feeding tool parallel
to lathe axis.
=

o Angle calculations: A taper may be defined as a uniform increase or


decrease in diameter of a work piece measured along its
length.
6

LATHE OPERATIONS

LATHE

THEORY

The tapering of a part has wide applications in


construction of machines.
Almost all machine spindles have taper holes which
receive taper shank of various tools and work holding
devices.

where D = large diameter of taper in mm


d = small diameter of taper in mm
l = length of tapered part in mm
= half taper angle
2 = full taper angle
The amount of taper in a work piece is usually specified by
=

(), =

You might also like