Debt Validation
Debt Validation
If any consumer owes multiple debts and makes any single payment to any debt collector
with respect to such debts, such debt collector may not apply such payment to any debt which
is disputed by the consumer and, where applicable, shall apply such payment in accordance
with the consumers directions.
1692i.
Legal
actions
by
debt
collectors
(a)
Venue
Any debt collector who brings any legal action on a debt against any consumer shall
(1) in the case of an action to enforce an interest in real property securing the consumers
obligation, bring such action only in a judicial district or similar legal entity in which such
real
property
is
located;
or
(2) in the case of an action not described in paragraph (1), bring such action only in the
judicial
district
or
similar
legal
entity
(A)
in
which
such
consumer
signed
the
contract
sued
upon;
or
(B) in which such consumer resides at the commencement of the action.
(b)
Authorization
of
actions
Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to authorize the bringing of legal actions by
debt collectors.
1692j. Furnishing certain deceptive forms (a) Venue
(a) It is unlawful to design, compile, and furnish any form knowing that such form would be
used to create the false belief in a consumer that a person other than the creditor of such
consumer is participating in the collection of or in an attempt to collect a debt such consumer
allegedly owes such creditor, when in fact such person is not so participating.
(b) Any person who violates this section shall be liable to the same extent and in the same
manner as a debt collector is liable under section 1692k of this title for failure to comply with
a provision of this subchapter
1692k. Civil liability
(a)
Amount
of
damages
Except as otherwise provided by this section, any debt collector who fails to comply with any
provision of this subchapter with respect to any person is liable to such person in an amount
equal
to
the
sum
of
(1) any actual damage sustained by such person as a result of such failure;
(2)
(A) in the case of any action by an individual, such additional damages as the court may
allow, but not exceeding $1,000; or
(B) in the case of a class action, (i) such amount for each named plaintiff as could be
recovered under subparagraph (A), and (ii) such amount as the court may allow for all other
class members, without regard to a minimum individual recovery, not to exceed the lesser of
$500,000
or
per
centum
of
the
net
worth
of
the
debt
collector;
and
(3) in the case of any successful action to enforce the foregoing liability, the costs of the action,
together with a reasonable attorneys fee as determined by the court. On a finding by the
court that an action under this section was brought in bad faith and for the purpose of
harassment, the court may award to the defendant attorneys fees reasonable in relation to
the
work
expended
and
costs.
(b)
Factors
considered
by
court
In determining the amount of liability in any action under subsection (a) of this section, the
court
shall
consider,
among
other
relevant
factors
(1) in any individual action under subsection (a)(2)(A) of this section, the frequency and
persistence of noncompliance by the debt collector, the nature of such noncompliance, and
the
extent
to
which
such
noncompliance
was
intentional;
or
(2) in any class action under subsection (a)(2)(B) of this section, the frequency and persistence
of noncompliance by the debt collector, the nature of such noncompliance, the resources of
the debt collector, the number of persons adversely affected, and the extent to which the debt
collectors
noncompliance
was
intentional.
(c)
Intent
A debt collector may not be held liable in any action brought under this subchapter if the
debt collector shows by a preponderance of evidence that the violation was not intentional
and resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures
reasonably
adapted
to
avoid
any
such
error.
(d)
Jurisdiction
An action to enforce any liability created by this subchapter may be brought in any
appropriate United States district court without regard to the amount in controversy, or in
any other court of competent jurisdiction, within one year from the date on which the
violation occurs.
(e) Advisory opinions of Commission
No provision of this section imposing any liability shall apply to any act done or omitted in
good faith in conformity with any advisory opinion of the Commission, notwithstanding that
after such act or omission has occurred, such opinion is amended, rescinded, or determined
by judicial or other authority to be invalid for any reason.
1692l. Administrative enforcement
the Federal Trade Commission Act are available to the Commission to enforce compliance
by any person with this subchapter, irrespective of whether that person is engaged in
commerce or meets any other jurisdictional tests in the Federal Trade Commission Act,
including the power to enforce the provisions of this subchapter in the same manner as if the
violation had been a violation of a Federal Trade Commission trade regulation rule.
(b)
Applicable
provisions
of
law
Compliance with any requirements imposed under this subchapter shall be enforced
under
(1) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1818], in the case of
(A) national banks, and Federal branches and Federal agencies of foreign banks, by the
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;
(B) member banks of the Federal Reserve System (other than national banks), branches and
agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal branches, Federal agencies, and insured State
branches of foreign banks), commercial lending companies owned or controlled by foreign
banks, and organizations operating under section 25 or 25(a) [1] of the Federal Reserve Act
[12 U.S.C. 601 et seq., 611 et seq.], by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;
and
(C) banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (other than members of
the Federal Reserve System) and insured State branches of foreign banks, by the Board of
Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;
(2) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1818], by the Director of the
Office of Thrift Supervision, in the case of a savings association the deposits of which are
insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;
(3) the Federal Credit Union Act [12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.], by the National Credit Union
Administration Board with respect to any Federal credit union;
(4) subtitle IV of title 49, by the Secretary of Transportation, with respect to all carriers
subject to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board;
(5) part A of subtitle VII of title 49, by the Secretary of Transportation with respect to any
air carrier or any foreign air carrier subject to that part; and
(6) the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 [7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.] (except as provided in section
406 of that Act [7 U.S.C. 226, 227]), by the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to any
activities subject to that Act.
The terms used in paragraph (1) that are not defined in this subchapter or otherwise defined
in section 3(s) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(s)) shall have the
meaning given to them in section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C.
3101).
(c) Agency powers
For the purpose of the exercise by any agency referred to in subsection (b) of this section of
its powers under any Act referred to in that subsection, a violation of any requirement
imposed under this subchapter shall be deemed to be a violation of a requirement imposed
under that Act. In addition to its powers under any provision of law specifically referred to
in subsection (b) of this section, each of the agencies referred to in that subsection may
exercise, for the purpose of enforcing compliance with any requirement imposed under this
subchapter any other authority conferred on it by law, except as provided in subsection (d)
of this section.
(d) Rules and regulations
Neither the Commission nor any other agency referred to in subsection (b) of this section
may promulgate trade regulation rules or other regulations with respect to the collection of
debts by debt collectors as defined in this subchapter.
1692m. Reports to Congress by the Commission; views of other Federal agencies
(a) Not later than one year after the effective date of this subchapter and at one-year intervals
thereafter, the Commission shall make reports to the Congress concerning the
administration of its functions under this subchapter, including such recommendations as
the Commission deems necessary or appropriate. In addition, each report of the Commission
shall include its assessment of the extent to which compliance with this subchapter is being
achieved and a summary of the enforcement actions taken by the Commission under section
1692l of this title.
(b) In the exercise of its functions under this subchapter, the Commission may obtain upon
request the views of any other Federal agency which exercises enforcement functions under
section 1692l of this title.
1692n. Relation to State laws
This subchapter does not annul, alter, or affect, or exempt any person subject to the
provisions of this subchapter from complying with the laws of any State with respect to debt
collection practices, except to the extent that those laws are inconsistent with any provision
of this subchapter, and then only to the extent of the inconsistency. For purposes of this
section, a State law is not inconsistent with this subchapter if the protection such law affords
any consumer is greater than the protection provided by this subchapter.
1692o. Exemption for State regulation
,
, IRSTitle,
Attorney
General,
(name),
Arizona
Attorney
(name), Director Arizona Department of Revenue
Name
U.S.
General
AFFIDAVIT
By
VERIFIED DECLARATION
________________
)
)
(notary
)
_______________)
seal)
ss
For: Whom it may concern: In the Matter for Your Name Here, including any and all
derivations and variations in the spelling thereof.
WHEREAS, the public record is the highest form of evidence, I, Your Name Here, am hereby
timely creating for the public record by this Affidavit and by Verified Declaration within in
the jurisdiction of (state) republic and the united States of America.
PLAIN STATEMENT OF FACTS
1. Fact: I, Your Name Here, have not seen or been presented with any substantive ofer of
proof or evidence which demonstrates that, primarily, the entity known as the INTERNAL
REVENUE SERVICE is anything other than a foreign entity, having its origin and
headquarters in the territorial jurisdiction of the territory of Puerto Rico and thereby, being
nothing more, than a mere rogue collection agency employing agents to operate in the nature
of privateers , while at all times, said agents are encouraged to presume to employ
collection/prize measures in the form of Marque and Reprisal i.e. pillage and plunder in the
said agents private and thereby, personal capacity for the express purpose to unjustly enrich
themselves;
2. Fact: I, Your Name Here, have not seen or been presented with any substantive offer of
evidence which demonstrates the entity known as the INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE is
in fact, a registered entity, not to be confused as the corporation registered in the State of
Delaware circa 1933, and firmly believe that the said INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
cannot in fact, make a valid offer of proof of its substantive existence other than a private
entity;
3. Fact: I, Your Name Here, have not seen or been presented with an offer of proof of
verifiable evidence which demonstrates that the INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE is
anything other than a wholly private entity presuming to act under color of law while at all
times, masquerading as a duly authorized government taxing agency for enforcement and
collection purposes;
4. Fact: I, Your Name Here, have not seen or been presented with an offer of proof, that any
verifiable evidence is available to demonstrate, the INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE is
exempted to comply with the letter of law re Title 15 chapter 41 subchapter V 1962;
UNDISPUTED CONCLUSIONS