Task 1 Pie + Globalisation

The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by local
authorities in Some land in 1980, 1990 and 2000.
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by local
authorities in Some land in 1980, 1990 and 2000.
In many countries around the world young people decide to leave their
parents home once they finish school. They start living on their own or
sharing a home with friends. Do you agree or disagree with this approach?
Give your opinion.
In many countries around the world young people decide to leave their
parents home once they finish school. They start living on their own or
sharing a home with friends. Do you agree or disagree with this approach?
Give your opinion.
What Is Globalization?
What Is Globalization?
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different
nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process
nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process
has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and
has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and
on human physical well-being in societies around the world.
on human physical well-being in societies around the world.
Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, peopleand, later, corporationshave been buying from
Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, peopleand, later, corporationshave been buying from
and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that
and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that
connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested
connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested
in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to
in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to
those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
But policy and technological developments of the past few decades have spurred increases in cross-border trade,
But policy and technological developments of the past few decades have spurred increases in cross-border trade,
investment, and migration so large that many observers believe the world has entered a qualitatively new phase in
investment, and migration so large that many observers believe the world has entered a qualitatively new phase in
its economic development. Since 1950, for example, the volume of world trade has increased by 20 times, and from
its economic development. Since 1950, for example, the volume of world trade has increased by 20 times, and from
just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion. Distinguishing this
just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion. Distinguishing this
current wave of globalization from earlier ones, author Thomas Friedman has said that today globalization is
current wave of globalization from earlier ones, author Thomas Friedman has said that today globalization is
farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.
farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.
This current wave of globalization has been driven by policies that have opened economies domestically and
This current wave of globalization has been driven by policies that have opened economies domestically and
internationally. In the years since the Second World War, and especially during the past two decades, many
internationally. In the years since the Second World War, and especially during the past two decades, many
governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and
governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and
creating myriad new opportunities for international trade and investment. Governments also have negotiated
creating myriad new opportunities for international trade and investment. Governments also have negotiated
dramatic reductions in barriers to commerce and have established international agreements to promote trade in
dramatic reductions in barriers to commerce and have established international agreements to promote trade in
goods, services, and investment. Taking advantage of new opportunities in foreign markets, corporations have built
goods, services, and investment. Taking advantage of new opportunities in foreign markets, corporations have built
foreign factories and established production and marketing arrangements with foreign partners. A defining feature
foreign factories and established production and marketing arrangements with foreign partners. A defining feature
of globalization, therefore, is an international industrial and financial business structure.
of globalization, therefore, is an international industrial and financial business structure.
Technology has been the other principal driver of globalization. Advances in information technology, in particular,
Technology has been the other principal driver of globalization. Advances in information technology, in particular,
have dramatically transformed economic life. Information technologies have given all sorts of individual economic
have dramatically transformed economic life. Information technologies have given all sorts of individual economic
actorsconsumers, investors, businessesvaluable new tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities,
actorsconsumers, investors, businessesvaluable new tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities,
including faster and more informed analyses of economic trends around the world, easy transfers of assets, and
including faster and more informed analyses of economic trends around the world, easy transfers of assets, and
collaboration with far-flung partners.
collaboration with far-flung partners.
Globalization is deeply controversial, however. Proponents of globalization argue that it allows poor countries and
Globalization is deeply controversial, however. Proponents of globalization argue that it allows poor countries and
their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living, while opponents of globalization claim
their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living, while opponents of globalization claim
that the creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western
that the creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western
world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. Resistance to globalization has
world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. Resistance to globalization has
therefore taken shape both at a popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the
therefore taken shape both at a popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the
flow of capital, labour, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of globalization.
flow of capital, labour, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of globalization.
To find the right balance between benefits and costs associated with globalization, citizens of all nations need to
To find the right balance between benefits and costs associated with globalization, citizens of all nations need to
understand how globalization works and the policy choices facing them and their societies. Globalization101.org
understand how globalization works and the policy choices facing them and their societies. Globalization101.org
tries to provide an accurate analysis of the issues and controversies regarding globalization, without the slogans or
tries to provide an accurate analysis of the issues and controversies regarding globalization, without the slogans or
ideological biases generally found in discussions of the topics.
ideological biases generally found in discussions of the topics.

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The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by local

authorities in Some land in 1980, 1990 and 2000.

on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.

farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.

of globalization, therefore, is an international industrial and financial business structure.

of globalization, therefore, is an international industrial and financial business structure.

collaboration with far-flung partners.

collaboration with far-flung partners.

ideological biases generally found in discussions of the topics.

ideological biases generally found in discussions of the topics.

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