Scribd
Upload
49 views7 pages

Chapter-5 Control Instruction

This document discusses different types of control instructions in C programming, including sequence control, decision control (if, if-else, ternary operator), and iterative control instructions. It provides examples of using if, if-else, and ternary operators to make decisions based on conditions. Nested if-else statements and if-else ladders are also covered. The key types of control instructions are sequence, decision, iterative, switch case, and goto instructions.

Uploaded by

avinashavi93
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views7 pages

Chapter-5 Control Instruction

This document discusses different types of control instructions in C programming, including sequence control, decision control (if, if-else, ternary operator), and iterative control instructions. It provides examples of using if, if-else, and ternary operators to make decisions based on conditions. Nested if-else statements and if-else ladders are also covered. The key types of control instructions are sequence, decision, iterative, switch case, and goto instructions.

Uploaded by

avinashavi93
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

SCA Pvt. Ltd.

Sharma Computer Academy


Author: Saurabh Shukla

Chapter-5
Control Instruction
What is control?
Program is a set of instructions. We know that each instruction of the program is
executed by processor. Processor executes instructions one by one. What ever we write in
our program will be executed in the same order as they appear in the program. So we can
say processor execute instructions in a sequential manner. At a particular instant
processor is executing some line of code, we say control of processor is on that line.
Processors control moves from one line to another. We say this movement of processor
control goes in sequence.
Types of control instruction
l Sequence control instruction
l Decision control instruction
l Iterative control instruction
l Switch case control instruction
l goto instruction
Sequence control instruction
Processor control moves in a sequential manner. We have to do nothing to implement
sequence control instruction. This is just a concept that your program always run in a
sequence.
Decision control instruction
Decision control instruction is also known as selection control instruction. As the name
implies the job is selection control instruction is to select a set of code for execution on
the basis of some condition.
We can implement decision control instruction in three ways:
l if
l if-else
l conditional operator (Ternary Operator)
Syntax of if
main()
{
..
..
if(some condition)
{
Statement1;
Statement2;

SCA Pvt. Ltd. Sharma Computer Academy


Author: Saurabh Shukla
.
}

}
if is a keyword which let compiler to identify decision control instruction. Immediately
after if some condition is there. This condition is any valid expression in C. If the result
of expression is non-zero it is considered as TRUE otherwise FALSE.
Immediately after this condition there is a block of code. Since this block is immediately
after if, it is known as if block. Whatever we write in if block will be execute only when
condition is TRUE.
When condition is false control skip if block and execute statements written after if
block.
Example:
main()
{
int marks;
printf(Enter marks );
scanf(%d,&marks);
if(marks>=33)
{
printf(You are PASS);
}
if(marks<33)
{
printf(You are FAIL);
}
}
Sample Output:
Enter marks 45
You are PASS
Sample Output:
Enter marks 23
You are FAIL
In this program output depends on the value given by user. Variable marks hold the value
entered by user. We have used two if statements. In the first if statement we use the
condition marks>=33, thus if the marks are greater than or equal to 33 condition becomes
TRUE, so if block executed, otherwise if block is skipped.
Whatever may the result of first if condition, control has to reach second if statement.
If marks are less than 33 condition will be TRUE and execute if block otherwise if block
is skipped.

SCA Pvt. Ltd. Sharma Computer Academy


Author: Saurabh Shukla
Syntax of if-else
main()
{
..
..
if(some condition)
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
.
}
else
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
.
}

}
This is similar to if but the else block is new add on. If the condition of if is TRUE if
block will be executed and if the condition of if is FALSE else block will be executed.
It is important to mention that only one from the two blocks (if block and else block) can
be executed as the condition may have only two results, TRUE or FALSE
You can use if statement without else block but else must have paired with if.
Else block should appear immediately after if block otherwise an error occurred during
compilation.
Example:
main()
{
int marks;
printf(Enter marks );
scanf(%d,&marks);
if(marks>=33)
{
printf(You are PASS);
}
else
{
printf(You are FAIL);
}
}

SCA Pvt. Ltd. Sharma Computer Academy


Author: Saurabh Shukla
The same program was discussed using only if statements. This one is refined version of
program and hence better than that of the previous one.
Notice that, there is only one condition need to be evaluated, if the condition is TRUE if
block will work otherwise else block will be executed.
Note: If there is only one statement in if block then mentioning block using curly braces
is optional. Same rule is applied to else block.
Conditional operator ( ? :)
It is also known as ternary operator which means operator need three operands to perform
its operation.
Syntax:
Expression1 ? expression2 : expression3;
Expression 1 is a condition, which is first evaluated as TRUE or FALSE. If the condition
is TRUE executes expression2 otherwise execute expression3.
Conditional operator works similar to if-else, but we do not have to use keyword if and
else.
Example:
main()
{
int x,y;
printf(Enter two numbers);
scanf(%d%d,&x,&y);
x>y ? printf(%d is greater,x) : printf(%d is greater,y);
}
Output:
Enter two numbers45
33
45 is greater
In this program user enters two numbers which is then get stored in x and y. Notice the
last line of the program that is conditional operator, which is used to select one from the
two printf() statements. If x>y then value of x get printed otherwise value of y is printed.

Selective assignment
main()
{
int x,y,max;

SCA Pvt. Ltd. Sharma Computer Academy


Author: Saurabh Shukla
printf(Enter two numbers);
scanf(%d%d,&x,&y);
max=x>y ? x : y;
printf(Greater number is %d,max);
}
Output is:
Enter two numbers85
100
Greater number is 100
In this program conditional operator is used to select one from x and y to assign value of
either x or y in variable max.
If-else ladder
Syntax:
if()
{
-----------------}
else if( )
{
-----------------}
else if( )
{
-----------------}
else
{
-----------------}
Example:
main()
{
int year;
printf(Enter a year);
scanf(%d,&year);

SCA Pvt. Ltd. Sharma Computer Academy


Author: Saurabh Shukla
if(year%4!=0)
printf(Not a Leap year);
else if(year%100!=0)
printf(Leap year);
else if(year%400!=0)
printf(Not a Leap Year);
else
printf(Leap Year);
}
The above program is to check whether a year is leap year or not. You can analyze how
we used if-else ladder in the above program.
Nested if-else
When if-else statements written in if block or else block, it is called nested if-else.
Example:
Program to find greater among three numbers:
main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf(Enter three numbers: );
scanf(%d%d%d,&a,&b,&c);
if(a>b)
{
if( a>c)
printf(%d is greater,a);
else
printf(%d is greater,c);
}
else
{
if( b>c)
printf(%d is greater,b);
else
printf(%d is greater,c);
}
}
In the above program if a is greater than b then if-block is executed otherwise else block
is executed. Notice that another if-else reside inside if-block and else-block. This sort of
structure is known as nested if-else.

SCA Pvt. Ltd. Sharma Computer Academy


Author: Saurabh Shukla

You might also like