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    Lecture 16 Groundwater Answers

    Uploaded by

    Cady Morris
    This document contains 10 multiple choice or short answer questions about groundwater. Key points covered include: - Approximately 22% of the world's fresh water is groundwater. - The water table is defined as the surface that separates the saturated and unsaturated zones below the ground. - Porosity can be calculated by taking the volume of water in a saturated sample and dividing by the total sample volume. - Groundwater reservoirs are differentiated by the type of confining layer (aquiclude or acquitard) above them. - Rock characteristics of high porosity and permeability make for good groundwater reservoirs, such as quartz sandstone. - Groundwater flow velocity can be calculated

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    Lecture 16 Groundwater Answers

    Uploaded by

    Cady Morris
    72 views3 pages
    This document contains 10 multiple choice or short answer questions about groundwater. Key points covered include: - Approximately 22% of the world's fresh water is groundwater. - The water table is defined as the surface that separates the saturated and unsaturated zones below the ground. - Porosity can be calculated by taking the volume of water in a saturated sample and dividing by the total sample volume. - Groundwater reservoirs are differentiated by the type of confining layer (aquiclude or acquitard) above them. - Rock characteristics of high porosity and permeability make for good groundwater reservoirs, such as quartz sandstone. - Groundwater flow velocity can be calculated

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    This document contains 10 multiple choice or short answer questions about groundwater. Key points covered include: - Approximately 22% of the world's fresh water is groundwater. - The water table is defined as the surface that separates the saturated and unsaturated zones below the ground. - Porosity can be calculated by taking the volume of water in a saturated sample and dividing by the total sample volume. - Groundwater reservoirs are differentiated by the type of confining layer (aquiclude or acquitard) above them. - Rock characteristics of high porosity and permeability make for good groundwater reservoirs, such as quartz sandstone. - Groundwater flow velocity can be calculated

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views3 pages

    Lecture 16 Groundwater Answers

    Uploaded by

    Cady Morris
    This document contains 10 multiple choice or short answer questions about groundwater. Key points covered include: - Approximately 22% of the world's fresh water is groundwater. - The water table is defined as the surface that separates the saturated and unsaturated zones below the ground. - Porosity can be calculated by taking the volume of water in a saturated sample and dividing by the total sample volume. - Groundwater reservoirs are differentiated by the type of confining layer (aquiclude or acquitard) above them. - Rock characteristics of high porosity and permeability make for good groundwater reservoirs, such as quartz sandstone. - Groundwater flow velocity can be calculated

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Lecture 16: Groundwater Answers

    1) What percentage (approximate) of the hydrospheres fresh water is


    groundwater?
    a.
    b.
    c.
    d.

    75%
    22%
    48%
    95%

    2) The water table is defined as:


    a. The surface which separates the saturated and unsaturated
    zones
    b. Permeable rock strata which stores and transmits groundwater
    c. The elevation corresponding with sea level
    d. An aquifer which is uncapped by a confining layer
    3) You have a graduated cylinder filled with 1000mL of sand. You add water to
    the sand until it is saturated and notice that it takes 400mL of water to do
    this. Calculate the porosity.
    Porosity = volume of water/total volume
    = 400/1000
    =0.40
    4) Name two types of groundwater reservoirs and name the strata that act as
    confining layers. What is the difference between these two types of
    groundwater reservoirs?
    Acquitard: semi-permeable it slows down the movement of water
    Aquiclude: impermeable rock layer water can not penetrate into this
    layer
    5) What two characteristics of rock determine whether it will be a good
    groundwater reservoir? Give an example of rock which has these two
    characteristics.
    High porosity
    High Permeability
    Quartz sandstone
    6) What is the velocity of groundwater flow in sand if we know the hydraulic
    gradient to be 0.025? Convert to m/year. Check slides for values of constants.

    =
    .
    .
    = . /
    = /
    =

    7) You are at the bank of stream in which the known height of the water table is
    above the height of the observed stream bed. What type of interaction
    between the stream and water table will be observed?
    This will be a gaining stream. There will be an inflow of groundwater
    through the stream bed.
    8) What problems are associated with excessive groundwater withdrawal?
    Subsidence: Ground sinks when water is pumped too quickly for the
    natural recharge process to replace the extracted water.
    Saltwater contamination: excessive groundwater causes saltwater to be
    drawn into the wells.
    9) You doing field work which involves collecting water samples at a lake which
    is 115 m above sea level. This lake is located 4.5 km away from a separate
    lake 128 m above sea level, which has been contaminated. Should you be
    worried about finding this contaminate in your field samples in the near
    future? Show your calculations to back up your conclusion. Assume the
    material between the two lakes is sand.

    =
    = .

    =
    .
    .
    = . /
    = /

    =
    =

    No you should not be worried as it will take 1500 years for the water to
    flow from the contaminated lake to the field site.
    10)Groundwater is mildly acidic and this characteristic is responsible for many
    depositional features such as stalactites and stalagmites. Describe the
    process by which these features form.

    Due to the acidic nature of groundwater, limestone rock is dissolved.


    With an understanding of the following chemical reaction:
    CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca2+ + 2HCO3We see the deposition of CaCO3 (calcite) as CO2 is allowed to escape.

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