Gerund Sts
Gerund Sts
Gerund Sts
Passive Voice
Simple
losing
being lost
Perfect
having lost
The Simple Gerund refers to the present or future. We consider moving abroad.
The Perfect Gerund shows that the action of the ing-form happened before the action
of the verb. He denied having lied to his parents.
(But we can use the simple ing-form instead of the perfect ing-form with no difference
in meaning.)
subject
predicative
direct object
prepositional object
attribute
adverbial
modifier
1.
2.
3.
4.
EX. 2 Paraphrase the parts in bold type using gerundial phrases, mind the prepositions.
1. That she is so fussy is not a little unpleasant.
2. What surprised everybody was that he was able to do it.
3. The doctor insists that she should put off the trip.
4. We don't mind if we go there by train.
5. He suspected that I knew the truth.
7. He suggests that we should watch the football match oh TV instead of going to the
stadium.
EX. 3 Make one sentence out of the following pairs of sentences by using gerundial phrases. The part in
bold type is to become the predicate.
1. He is clever. There is no doubt about it.
2. Why waste time on such things? There is no sense in that.
3. He solves cross-word puzzles very well. He is good at it.
4. He likes to talk music. He gets pleasure out of it.
5. The child usually drinks milk before going to bed. He'ls used to it.
6. He has an annoying habit. He mispronounces names.
6. (a) to be fond of
(b) to dance.
7. (a) to be sure of
(b) to be ill.
9. (a) to be worth
(b) to remember.
EX. 5 Paraphrase the sentences using the gerund. Point out the sentences where the gerund refers to an
earlier action.
Model:
He admitted that he had stolen the bicycle.
2. Both companies denied that they had discharged any toxic waste.
3. We anticipated that we would meet a certain amount of resistance to our plan.
4. I dislike it when I'm told what to do.
2. Act so that every one of your actions is capable of (make) into a universal rule.
3. Sophia could not remember ever (see) her mother cry.
4. Julia ought to have guessed that she couldn't go far in London without (recognize).
5. It came to her as a shock now to realize that without ever (possess) him. she had lost him.
6. He distracted his mind by (go) to as many parties as he could.
10. Her tenderness for Michael and her ever - present sense of (be) for years unjust to him
filled her with contrition ().
EX. 7 Read the article. Underline the gerunds in the text. Find as many gerund forms as possible.
Talking to... Elton John
When Im not working, I like plodding round the kitchen doing the things everybody
else does. I love going to the supermarket to do the shopping. I come back with far more stuff
than I need. When I am on holiday in St. Tropez, I love to get up at six in the morning to get the
fresh bread. People often see me wheeling my trolley round the supermarkets in the town.
Ive tried going out in disguise - dark glasses, hat, that sort of thing - but nine times out
of ten it doesnt work. Most people are very pleasant and polite. But its frustrating if you get
out of bed on the wrong side - and you do some days - and someone asks you for an autograph
and they havent got a pen or a piece of paper. But I enjoy my popularity; I dont see the point
in being a recluse.
Thats a tricky one to answer. Ive always been a bit of a loner. By that I dont mean that
Im lonely. Its just that I like to be my own boss all the time. Dont confuse that with being
lonely because Im not. Ive lots of great friends around me. But Im terribly set in my ways and,
at my age, its very hard to change. I dont particularly want to, either. Being successful has
given me the confidence to do things I wouldnt have had the courage to do otherwise. But I
still retain that shyness when I first meet people. Im never going to get rid of that.
Im one of those people who only has to look at a doughnut and I immediately put on a
kilo without even eating it. Ive always had a problem with my weight. It doesnt bother me too
much, although I get depressed when Im very overweight. I dieted once and I became so
obsessed that I nearly made myself ill. But Im happy with the way I am at the moment. If you
exercise at least three or four times a week and play tennis, then its no problem, but you have
to keep at it.
When I get up in the morning, I go on this exercise machine Ive got and walk four or
five miles in an hour. That burns off the calories for the rest of the day. When Im on tour, I eat
three meals a day and dont snack. I cant eat before or after a show so that helps. Its when Im
at home - the worst thing is the fridge and snacking. Im a terrible snacker. Im a big bread fan
and I love curry.
I cant keep touring and making records for the rest of my life -Ive got to try something
different now and then. One thing I am interested in doing is writing a musical.
Thats highly unlikely. Im not interested in going into a theatre and performing every
night. You may find that strange but if youre on tour, at least youre changing cities. I played
at the Hammersmith Odeon once for fourteen nights and by the end of it I was going crazy. It
was like going to the office. So people who actually appear in plays and musicals for two to
three years have my greatest sympathy and admiration. I never consider what I do as work.
6. Being a bit of loner, what doesnt he object to doing? (being alone; being his
own boss)
I.
1.
2.
4.
3.
5.
7.
6.
8.
II. Model: Being a well-known pop star means you are recognized wherever you go.
1. is a trick used by many stars to try to avoid recognition.
2. When you are rich and famous, becomes an ordinary everyday thing.
3. Most famous people find an extremely boring, but unavoidable part of being famous.
4. is another disadvantage.
5. But for the majority, more than compensates for any disadvantages fame brings.
EX.7c. Answer the questions using verbs avoid, enjoy, keep, mind, etc.:
EX.8 Complete the sentences with the gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
Model: I dont enjoy (laugh) at by other people. I don't enjoy being laughed at by other
people.
1. Im angry at him for (tell, not) me the truth.
4. Jack Welles has a good chance of (elect). I know Im going to vote for him.
5. You must tell me the truth. I insist on (tell) the truth.
6. I feel guilty about (write, not) to you sooner, but Ive been swamped with work
lately.
7. You know Jim Darcy, dont you? Jim Darcy? I dont think so. I dont recall ever
(meet) him.
8. Mr. Gow mentioned (injure) in an accident as a child, but he never told us the
details.
Gerund Patterns
Gerund as Subject
EX.9. Complete the sentences using the gerund as subject.
Model:
_______________ was extremely difficult.
_______________ has been a rewarding experience.
3. There is no escaping the fact that we won't be able to complete these orders without extra
staff.
5. There is no telling what will happen if she meets him while she's in this bad temper.
6. There is no escaping the fact that the government has become very unpopular.
7. She is very unpredictable so there's no knowing how she'll react to the news.
8. There's no mistaking whose children they arc - they all look just like Joe.
9. There is no knowing what the eventual cast will be.
10. There is no mistaking a painting by Picasso.
11. There is no denying Bess likes country life, but I think she still misses New York.
12. She's made of iron - if she decides to do something, there's no bending her.
EX.11. Comment on the following situations using one of the phrases from the box.
It's no good (use)...
There is no point in...
I can't see any point in...
What's the good (use) of...?
What's the point in (of)..?
2. These old ornaments are of little value, (put them up for auction)
3. Ralph was an extremely difficult man who never really got on well with anybody, (try to
make friends with him)
6. These days I can barely earn enough to support myself, let alone a family, (get married)
7. Babies grow out of their clothes so quickly, (spend much on baby clothes)
8. The company has reputation for a low pay and bad conditions, (apply for a job in the
company)
2. I'd like to start the speech _____ dispelling a few rumours that have been spreading
recently.
3. The band disappointed thousands of fans _____ cancelling their concert at the last moment.
4. You shouldn't drive for more than three hours _____ having a break.
5. The government has responded to public pressure _____ abolishing the new tax.
11. You could hardly look at him, so grave and self-confident _____ laughing.
12. He looked at her for a moment _____ understanding, and when he caught what she meant
he laughed aloud.
13. _____ hearing the news of the air attack most foreigners headed for the border.
14. _____ criticizing the boss he risked losing his job.
15. He couldn't pass a mirror _____ looking into it.
16. Elliot told me that, _____ stirring a finger, he was twice as rich in 1926 as he had been in
1918.
17. _____ choosing her coronation stamp Queen Elizabeth examined sixty-three designs.
enjoy
excuse
feel like
finish
forgive
give up
imagine
keep on
mention
mind [interrogative and negative]
miss
postpone
prevent
put off
resent
resist
risk
suggest
The gerund can also be used as direct object after the adjectives worth and busy.
The matter is not worth arguing about.
The teacher was busy marking his students' papers.
The verbs appreciate and excuse are always followed by the possessive before the gerund, e.g.
Excuse me saying this.
I appreciate your remembering my birthday.
EX.13. a) Combine the sentences using the gerund, b) Translate them into Russian.
Model:
I laughed when I saw his haircut. I couldn't help it. I couldnt help laughing when I saw his
haircut. , , .
1. I have to pay taxes for healthcare and then have to pay again when I am ill. 1 resent this.
2. Bob can no longer afford to go to Nice for holiday. He misses this.
3. 1 have to get up early in the morning. 1 dislike that.
4. My daughter always buys a thing or two in a duty-free shop. She can't resist this.
5. His assistant made telephone calls throughout the morning. She was busy with that.
6. Alice goes on long walks in the countryside. She enjoys this.
7. He has to explain his work to other people. He resents that.
8. 1 have to get his permission for everything I do. I can't stand this.
9. Send off your application today. Don't delay!
7. I can't imagine (my husband, grumble about) clothes - he doesn't care what he wears.
8. I can't stand (he. tell) me what to do.
9. Millions of viewers would remember (Prince Charles and his lovely wife, leave) St. Paul's
Cathedral on July 29, 1981 .
EX.15. Translate into Russian paying attention to the gerund and the gerundial complex.
In 1985 the Waleses marriage started falling apart. The Prince of Wales believed that
his wife was having an affair with her bodyguard, Barry Mannakee. Their housekeeper
recalled: "There have been rumours about them having an affair, but that is completely untrue.
For Diana, Barry was simply a friend, someone she could rely on and trust." Their relationship
disturbed Charles who couldn't stand Diana confiding in her bodyguard. He accused her of
lacking decorum ( ). Soon the detective was transferred into the Diplomatic
Unit.
"1 was transferred for domestic reasons." Mannakee admitted to the press. "But I have no
intentions of discussing those reasons". Eight months later a car smashed into his motorcycle
and he was killed.
Privately the fairy-tale was over, but the public didn't yet see the cracks behind the
facade. The burden of maintaining a sunny public image sapped the Princess's strength. Diana
didn't want to disappoint her friends by admitting her fairy-tale marriage was a sham
(deception), so she said nothing.
EX.16. Translate into English using the gerund or the gerundial complex.
1. .
2. , .
3. , ,
.
4. , .
.
6. . 90-, .
7. 31 1999 .
8. , - (to refuse) ,
.
9. , , , .
look forward to
object to
persist in
put up with
rely on
succeed in
think of / about
worry about
accuse smb of
blame smb for
congratulate smb on
discourage smb from
forgive smb for
prevent smb from
suspect smb of
threaten smb with
6. Her failure in the very first interview may discourage her_(apply) to other universities.
7. Jack apologised_(be) late saying he had been held up in a traffic jam.
8. I disapprove_(smoke) in public places.
3. John's children are not likely to pass all the exams with flying colours. The father cannot
count...
7. Jake does not treat his teachers respectfully. His mother disapproves ...
8. She is not completely honest with you. What do you think ..?
9. Bill's neighbours give him a lot of trouble. He complained ...
10. Ben will not be too thrilled about the news. Just don't count...
11. Your parents won't lend you the money. You can't just rely ...
12. His daughter spoke rudely to us. Her father apologised ...
EX.19. Complete the sentences using the prompts in brackets.
Model: (help) I thanked my friend . I thanked my friend for helping me with my homework.
1. (go) The rainy weather prevented us ...
2. (have to do) The students complained ...
3. (graduate) I congratulated her ...
4. (receive) I look forward ...
5. (use) You should start studying for an exam. You can't count...
6. (be) I really can't approve ...
2. , .
3. , .
4. , ,
, .
5. , .
6. .
7. .
8. ,
.
9. , .
10. .
good at
sure of/about
concerned about
grateful (to smb) for
surprised at
content with
(in)capable of
tired of
delighted at
interested in
(to be / get) used to
excited about
(dis)pleased about
worried about
4. We couldn't see anything from the back row of the theater. We were annoyed... .
5. The passengers have been kept waiting. The passengers are tired....
X. We answered all of the exam questions correctly. The professor was pleased....
9. Chris was elected president of the association. He was content....
10. Tom's mother never asks awkward questions.. Tom is grateful to his mother...
11. His son passed his driving test. John was excited
12. Allen was not treated with much respect. He was not used ....
13. He didn't go to Rome during his travels. He was sorry ....
EX.22. Make up sentences about yourself using the gerund.
1. I am really fond of....
2. I think I am (in)capable of....
3. I am excited about....
4. I am quite used to....
5. I am proud of....
6. I am interested in....
7. I am responsible for....
8. I am pleased about....
3. , .
4. , (to
entertain) .
5. .
.
6. . (to give a passport to)
.
7. , .
8. - .
9. .
10. ()
.
11.. , .
the idea of
interest in
to take the precaution of
the prospect of
reason for
EX.24. Open the brackets using the gerund or gerundial complex with a suitable preposition.
Model: He was in the habit (jog) in the morning. He was in the habit of jogging in the
morning.
1. Anyone travelling without a passport runs the risk (be) arrested.
2. He doesn't like the prospect (have) to live alone.
3. She didn't see any harm_(let) the children stay up late on Saturday nights.
4. His over-protective wife took the precaution _(burn) all the letters addressed to him.
5. There's no interest (go) to a concert when you don't understand music.
6. What's your reason (want) to leave the country?
7. The custom (kiss) people under the mistletoe is ancient, dating back to pre-Christian times.
8. The idea (to be abandoned) in the house alone horrified her.
9. They were speaking in a whisper for fear (wake up) the sleeping child.
10. Do you have any excuse (be) late for classes two days in a row?
11. What was the point (work) for a degree when there were no jobs available.
12. I'm all in favour (people, go out) and (enjoy) themselves as long as they don't disturb other
people.
13. She could not bear the thought (her son waste) his life over her.
14. There is a risk (another accident, happen) in the fog.
15. She had great difficulty (understand) his heavily accented English.
EX.25. Translate into English.
1. (to abandon) .
2. , .
7. , (to be
devalued)?
8.
.
9. , .
10. (bloodshed) -
(to take things) .
Other Patterns
Imagine him/his/this boy/this boys doing it.
Appreciate his doing it.
The Russian equivalent of the pattern is often a clause.
EX.26. Paraphrase the sentences using the above gerund pattern.
Model: We enjoyed how the band played very much. We enjoyed the bands playing very
much.
1. I couldnt understand why he didnt want to go.
4. I will no longer tolerate the fact that you are late to work every morning.
5. Helen is here to answer our questions about the companys insurance plan. We
should take advantage of this fact.
4. , . (not like)
5. , . (depend)
6. . (little sense)
7. , . (insist)
8. ,
. (apologize)
9. , .
(hate)
2. One of the survivors proposed that they should draw straws to decide who would go
in search of help.
3. The inspection committee proposed that the authorities should remove the bump in
the road.
4. The author suggests that the authorities should ban motor races in Britain.
5. That tap just wont stop dripping. I suggest that we should call a plumber.
6. Many doctors propose that they should work fewer hours for the same salary.
7. Casinos suggest that all people should try gambling at least once.
8. I propose that we should contact the police immediately.
9. I suggest that we should take scuba-diving this year.
10. He suggested that they all should sign the petition.
Ex.29. Translate the sentences using the verbs propose and suggest.
1. .
2.
.
3. .
4. .
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ( ).
9. ,
.
10. , .
11. 24 .
Ex.30. Paraphrase the following sentences without changing their meanings. Use the following beginnings:
cant help doing, fancy doing, object (to somebodys) doing
Model: It didn't escape his notice that she had bought a new car. He couldnt help noticing
that she had bought a new car.
1. It didn't escape me that she had lost weight.
2. Its out of the question that she should lend him money.
3. I dont want to go to the cinema.
5. We couldnt get used to the fact that they denied us that chance.
6. People just cant change it, but they run a lot of risks while engaged in everyday
activities.
7. I dont want to take a chance and go for the summit on such a rainy day.
8. The British dont mind that riders get injured and die in the motor races.
9. I dont think Id like to take part in the motor races as its extremely dangerous.
10. It didnt escape the trade union that a bump at the top of the hill was causing a lot
of excitement.
Ex.31. Paraphrase the sentences using the gerund forms.
Model:
2. We could talk with her for hours without being interrupted. I miss it.
3. She can bring anyone to her way of thinking. She enjoys it.
4. She has to smile to all customers all day long. She cant stand it.
5. She is in receipt of housing benefit. She has got used to it.
6. Joan says she didnt cause any damage to the car. She denies it.
7. They are both on the dole. They have got accustomed to it.
10. She might be offered an alluring job. She looks forward to it.
11.If you put your money into that business you might lose every penny. You risk it.
12. My friend has made an important contribution to the class discussion. I have
difficulty in it.
13. In recent years big corporations have contributed large sums of money to the
14. Emigrants experience the hostility from some sections of the media. They cant get
used to.
15. He expressed his admiration at the sight of a new building. He couldnt help it.
16. I object to the way she changes all my designs. I resent it.
17. He will be given a chance to run a new department in the company. He looks
forward to it.
18. He finds it hard not to eat sweets when they are offered to him. He cant resist it.
19. I dont think its the best time to approach him about an increase in salary. Youll
20. He did odd jobs for the robbed man from time to time. He admitted it.
21. The student claimed the wallet though he wasnt sure it was his. He just couldnt
resist it.
22. Sam always challenges everything we say. Weve got used to it.
23. Undertaking this job means that you must be ready to take the consequences. It
involves.
24. I hope well meet the countrys most distinguished scientists at the forum. We look
forward to it.
Ex.32. Listen to the stories, make notes while listening and render the stories into English. Answer the
questions.
Ex.33. Make up situations of your own using the above grammar patterns.
Model: I do mind getting up early, as it means travelling in crowded buses to work and involves
working hard and long hours.
live in squats; run some bank or firm; contribute to a newspaper; gain experience; emulate
somebodys manners; risk ones life/neck; be under threat; tempt fate; take precautions
(against); take a chance; put ones reputation on the line; expose oneself to danger; find the
thrill (of); face the challenge; take/bear the consequences.
Ex.34. Make a list of the verbs which express how much or how little we like something, e.g. enjoy, cant
stand. Put them in order from extreme liking to extreme disliking.
Adore, be crazy/mad about, love, like, enjoy, be keen on, dont mind, dont like, dislike, hate,
cant stand cant bear, loathe, detest
Ex.35. Tell the person next to you about your likes and dislikes, using as many of these words and
expressions as you can. Think about films and TV, music, sport and games, travel, food, other
people, duties and obligations.
Example:
Do you hate staying with your friends during your holidays, etc.?
Ex.36. Complete the sentences with prepositions and gerund forms of the verbs in brackets. Use your own
ideas.
Model: Alice isnt interested (look) - Alice isnt interested in looking for a job.
1. Jane went to bed instead (finish) .
2. I thanked my friend (lend) .
3. Im excited (go) .
1. After begin, start, continue, cease, like, love, bother, intend, prefer, cant stand,
Note: if there is an object or the verbs are in the passive form they take the to-
3. Need, require, want take the gerund or a passive infinitive: The carpet needs
Ex.37. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. I stopped (go) going to the zoo two years ago.
12. The play wasnt very good. The audience started (leave) before it was over.
13. After a brief interruption, the professor continued (lecture).
14. She never ceased (complain) about prices.
15. I cant bear (see) any living being suffer.
16. Im afraid of flying. When a plane begins (move) down the runway, my heart starts
(race). Oh-oh! The plane is beginning (move), and my heart is starting (race).
17. Those who have settled in the city are beginning (think) of the people back home as
inexperienced in life.
18. The last straw for Charlotte Fedders came the day her husband started (turn) his
19. Some people continue (stay) inexplicably calm even getting obvious danger signals.
20. Quite a lot of people love (gamble) though the odds are against the player.
Ex.39. Complete the sentences with the gerund or infinitive forms. Use your own ideas and texts from units
1 and 2 of the Nelson Proficiency Course.
1. A lot of young Irish emigrants intend .
4. There has just been a head-on collision at the corner. The injured people need The
situation requires
5. In the Riverside Sports Club members are encouraged The managing director
advises
6. Andy Holmes, the managing director of the club, requires the personnel
8. The journalist accused the organisers of the race of showing a callous indifference to
the safety of the riders. They even dont bother
Ex.40. Complete the sentences with the gerund and infinitive forms. Use you own ideas.
Ex.41. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or the gerund forms of the verbs in brackets. Mind the
tenses.
Model: The police made the bank robbers ...give... (give) themselves up.
1.He is not likely ......................................... (return) before five oclock.
11.Ann would love ........................... (lie) on a beach now, instead of typing reports.
12.The doctor worked for fifteen hours without ................................. (take) a break.
13.Johns father let him ......................................... (borrow) his car for the weekend.
14.Theres no point........... (get) there early, because the gates dont open till 10 am.
15.Jim doesnt have enough patience ................................................. (be) a teacher.
television.
2. Shall we go for a walk this afternoon? No. I would prefer ..(stay) here and
..(read) a book.
whenever it is necessary.
8. Many young Irish people prefer ..(stay) on the dole in England to ..(look) for jobs
9. For a long time Charlotte Fedders preferred ..(put) up with her husbands violent
10. Many people would prefer ..(close) their eyes to the obvious danger signals rather
his possessions, everyone thought he was mad. But, as it turned out, he was just the first of
many of my friends (3) ............................ (do) this. In fact, escaping the pressures of everyday
working life has become a priority for many people these days. They cant stand the idea of
(4)............................ (work) until they are 65, only (5) ............................ (retire) to some boring
country village and (6) .......................... (waste) their time (7) ...................... (dig) the garden or
(8)........................ (gossip) with the neighbours. They would rather (9)............................. (live) life to
the full now, before they are too old (10)............................ (enjoy) it. (11) ............................ (buy) a
motorcycle and (12) ......................... (tour) the world is a popular option. Other, less adventurous
types might prefer (13) ............................ (buy) a small farmhouse and live off the land. Personally,
I fancy (14) ............................ (sail) around the world in a yacht. As for Gilbert, he bought a house
in a little country village and spends his time (15) ................................ (walk) around the village
and (16) ............................ (talk) with the neighbours.
Ex.44. Translate the sentences into English using gerunds and infinitives in certain patterns.
1.
4.
: !
2.
.
3.
.
.
5.
.
6.
7.
.
.
8.
9.
.
.
Verbs taking the full infinitive or the gerund form with a change in meaning
1. forget + to-inf (= forget to do sth) He forgot to switch off the TV.
time.
room.
forget + -ing form (= forget a past event) Ill never forget meeting Jane for the first
up his room.
mean + -ing form (= involve) / wont take the job if it means moving to Scotland.
4. go on + to-inf (= finish doing sth and start doing sth else; then; afterwards) She
5. regret + to-inf (= be sorry to) I regret to inform you that your services are no
longer required
regret + -ing form (= have second thoughts about sth already done) He regrets
misbehaving.
6. used + to-inf ( to refer to past habits and states) They used to travel a lot when
they were younger.
be used to + -ing form (= be accustomed to, be in the habit of) She isnt used to
living in the country.
get used to + -ing form (= become accustomed to) She will soon get used to
wearing contact lenses.
7. try + to-inf (= do ones best; attempt) Try to eat less high- cholesterol food
try + -ing form (= do sth as an experiment) Try cutting down on fat. You might get
thinner.
want + -ing form (= sth needs to be done) This room wants tidying up.
9. stop + to-inf (= pause temporarily in order to do sth) He stopped at the garage
10. be sorry + to-inf (= apologise for a present action) Im sorry to tell you your
11 hate + to-inf (= hate what one is about to do) I hate to cut in, but you must see
the manager
hate + -ing form (= feel sorry for what one is doing) I hate causing you so much
inconvenience.
12. be afraid + to-inf (= the subject is unwilling to do sth) She was afraid to climb
the tree.
be afraid of + -ing form (= the subject is afraid that what is referred to by the -ing
form may happen) When she goes swimming, shes always afraid of being stung by
jellyfish
Ex.45. Complete the sentences using the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
a.
2. Sharon looks different now, and two years ago she used to ..(have) long
dark hair.
3. She put out one cigarette and went on ..................................... (light) another.
4. I once tried ................................... (bake) my own bread but it was a disaster.
5. I have never had an automatic car before, but I hope Ill soon get used
10. My father was a proud man and hated .................................... (ask) for charity.
11. Im sorry(say) that you have failed your exam.
for a while? B: No, I want you to do your maths homework and then go on ................. (write)
your English essay. You havent even started it yet and its due in tomorrow.
3. A: Dont you hate ............................................ (not/know) anyone here? B: Yes, I get very
lonely, but I hate ................... (worry) my parents so I tell them Ive made lots of friends.
4. A: Ill never forget............................................ (visit) Thailand for the first time. B: Yes, it
was such a wonderful holiday. If only I hadnt forgotten .......... (take) my camera.
5. A: Why dont we stop ........................(get) something to eat on the way home? B: OK, but
7. A: Jane doesnt know how to work the computer but shes afraid ................... (ask) for
help. B: But isnt she afraid of.................................... (get) into trouble if she breaks it?
10. A: I think Id prefer.................................... (go) on holiday to Greece this year and spend
some time visiting ancient sites. B: Yes, I prefer.......... (do) something interesting to just.....
(sit) on a beach all day.
And Id prefer......... (go) somewhere warm rather than ................ (stay) in England.
11. A: Did you mean ............................................ (park) so far away? B: Yes. Otherwise, it
12. A: Ive been trying .................................... (contact) Mr. Isaacs all morning. B: Why dont
Ex.46. Complete the sentences using the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets adding any
necessary words.
1. The board members went on. (discuss) the next item on the agenda.
2. If you dont stop................................... (make) that noise, Ill send you outside.
3. I would like to propose ............. (discontinue) this line of equipment since it is selling
so badly.
account.
Ex.47. Complete the sentences using the infinitive or gerund forms of appropriate verbs. Choose the verbs
yourself.
4.I would offer .................................... you with the housework but Im rather busy.
5.Students are not allowed ............................................. during the exam.
6.They dont allow ...................... in this park because some boys used to ride
13.She put off ..................................... her bags until a few hours before her flight.
14.Our dog Timmy loves ............................................ with his ball in the garden.
15.She wrote him a note to remind him ............................ his laundry at 2 oclock.
18.You should practise ................... this tune on the piano until you perfect it.
19.I regret ............................................ you that your bank account is overdrawn.
Ex.48. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
Scotland was the perfect place 1) ...to grow up... (grow up). My parents had spent years
2) ................. ........... (save up) because they wanted 3) .......................... (buy) a small farmhouse in
the Scottish Highlands. Shortly after I was born their dream came true and our new life in the
country began. To begin with, I was probably too young 4) ............................ (appreciate) the fresh
air and breathtaking views, but as I grew up I began 5) ....................... (enjoy) exploring the
unspoilt countryside. I soon got used to 6) ................. (have) to walk miles to the shops, and since
it was too far 7) ......................... (travel) to the nearest primary school, my parents did their best 8)
................ (educate) me at home. However, I never felt lonely and was usually too busy 9)
................................. (help) my father on the land to worry about 10) ................................. (not/have)
any friends. My brothers and sisters were also starting 11) ............................ (grow up) fast and we
had no difficulty 12)........................... (amuse) ourselves for hours on end. When I reached the age
of eleven, my parents decided it was time 13) ....................................... (send) me to secondary
school as they didnt feel they were capable of 14)............................ (provide) me with the range of
skills I would need for my future life. This would involve 15) ............................... (travel) twenty
miles to the nearest town and twenty miles back. I was sorry 16) ............................ (say) goodbye
to my old way of life, but at the same time I looked forward to 17)............................ (mix) with
new people. After 18) ............................ (finish) school I was forced 19)............................ (move) to
Edinburgh to look for work and I have now made the city my home. Although I love the
cosmopolitan lifestyle, I sometimes cant help 20) ..(wish) I was back in
the Highlands.
Ex.49. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
If you are considering (1) taking (take) a trip to the countryside this weekend, why not
(2)................... (book) one of the excursions offered by Exotours? Youll be surprised (3).............
(find) how many different trips we offer and we promise (4) ..................... (give) you value for
money. In fact you cant afford (5) ............... (not/take) advantage of our special offer. You
deserve (6) ................ (give) yourself a treat and once youve had a look through our brochure,
you wont be able (7) ............... (resist) (8) ........... (choose) at least one of our trips to some
beautiful part of the country. We recommend (9)............... (book) early (10) ............. (avoid)
disappointment.
Ex.50. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
Although I love (1) eating (eat) at restaurants, I remember (2) .............. (go) to one
particular place which was just about bad enough (3)......................... (put) me off them for life!
We were driving home on a wintry day and stopped in a small village (4) ........................... (get)
some petrol. We decided (5)........................... (have) something (6).......................... (eat); at the same
time we began (7)....................... (look) for somewhere (8)................... (park). Unfortunately we had
(9)..................... (leave) the car so far from the village square that it meant (10) ....................... (walk)
for at least ten minutes. However, after a couple of minutes we were lucky enough (11)
..................... (notice) a pub advertising bar meals. Too cold (12) .......................... (go) any further,
we made up our minds (13) ..................... (try) it out.
Ex.51. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
The mystery of the Loch Ness Monster continues (1) . (fascinate) scores of tourists
every year, who come to Scotland in the hope of (2)............................. (capture) on film some proof
that the monster exists. Literally hundreds of people have reported seeing strange shapes in the
waters of Loch Ness, but the majority have turned out (3) .................... (be) hoaxes. A new
scientific investigation is scheduled (4) ....................... (begin) next month and researchers hope
(5)........................... (reveal) whether the story has any truth in it. However, if the results mean (6)
....................... (announce) to the world that there is no Nessie, will people cease (7) .........................
(visit) one of Britains leading tourist attractions? Perhaps it would be better (8)........................
(not/know) and risk (9)................ (remain) ignorant of the truth in the interest of (10) .....................
(maintain) an international mystery.
Ex.52. Give your own suggestions for the situations or paraphrase them using infinitive and gerund
patterns.
1. TRY
3.
2.
4.
6.
5.
7.
8.
Ive been made redundant. I have no job any more. How shall I pay the bills?
I want to file for divorce but I dont know where to start.
I cant find any decent job in this town.
Paraphrase
1.
I couldnt understand the street signs. I tried.
2.
My friends swam in an ice-cold lake. I tried it too.
3.
Please make an effort to be early.
4.
Experiment with a different store for your shopping. I recommend Avoska..
5.
6.
7.
8.
2. BE AFRAID TO DO
Model: The streets are unsafe at night. - I am afraid to go out alone.
1.
2.
4.
3.
5.
7.
6.
8.
The glasses were very full, so Ann carried them very carefully.
Illegal emigrants dont complain to the officials if they have problems with their
employers.
3. REGRET
1.
Im sorry but you have not been appointed to the post. I regret it.
3.
Someone in the office had made a mistake, and the firm was sorry for the
4.
2.
British Airways announce the cancellation of flight BA671 from Madrid. They
6.
She has cheated in the test. She swears shell never do it again. She regrets it.
8.
regret it.
7.
4. FORGET
1.
3.
2.
4.
5.
She didnt bring the sugar; she left it on the kitchen table..
Why are you late again? Youve promised that you will never be late again. Have
6.
with him.
7.
I forgot that I had asked him to phone me and was at a loss how to get in touch
He forgot that he had sent them a telegram and asked his secretary to do it.
5. REMEMBER
1.
3.
5.
2.
4.
6.
7.
I saw the Kremlin for the first time. Ill always remember that.
I must ring the dentist. I must remember it.
He was very forgetful. He never locked the garage door when he put the car
Dont ask me to pay the bill again. I paid it a month ago. I clearly remember it.
10.
9.
11.
6. MEAN
1.
3.
5.
He was promoted to the top position in the department. But that meant
7.
8.
2.
earlier.
money.
4.
6.
We have to start work earlier this week. The result is that well have to get up
She is determined to get a ticket to the concert, even if she has to pay a lot of
7. STOP
1.
3.
5.
I am trying to finish a letter. And you are talking. Will you stop it?
2.
4.
6.
I didnt know how to get to your house so I stopped and asked the way.
7.
You shouldnt push your luck any more or youll put your job on the line.
8.
8. GO ON
1. Bill told Christine that he couldnt live with her. He just couldnt go on with it.
2. If you continue neglecting your duties youll be fired.
3. She introduced herself and then spoke about her new book.
4. Though the police threatened to evict them, the squatters still stayed in the house.
5. Though she was exhausted she didnt stop writing till the early hours of the morning.
6. She finished clearing the mess in the kitchen and started hoovering the rooms.
9. USED TO DO/ BE USED TO DOING
1. I'm not in the habit of exercising.
5. I got involved in an accident in London because I wasnt in the habit of driving on the
left.
Ex.53. Translate the sentences into English using infinitive and gerund forms.
..
1.
, ,
2.
.
3.
4.
?
, , .
5.
6.
..
7.
. .
..
8.
.
9.
, , .
10.
, (explain the
details)..
Ex.54. Form a group of three to five members. Choose one of the story beginnings to make up your own.
Each group member continues the story by adding a sentence or two.
1. ( ) had a bad night last night. First, when she got home, she discovered that
2. ( ) is having trouble with his/her roommate, whose name is ( ). His/Her
roommate keeps many pets even though the lease they signed forbids residents to keep animals
in their apartments. Yesterday, one of these pets, a/an
3. Not long ago, ( ) and ( ) were walking home together after dark. They heard a
strange screeching sound. When they looked back into the dark street, they saw a huge black
car approaching at a frightening speed. Its headlights were glowing, but there seemed to be
nobody inside. ( ) was frightened and curious at the same time. He/She wanted to , but
4. Once upon a time, ( ) lived in a faraway village in a remote mountainous region.
All of the villagers were terrified because of the landslides that swept away their houses. At
least once a week, a landslide would crash down one of the mountains and
6. ( ) had a bad day yesterday. First of all, when she/he got up in the morning, she/he
discovered that
be accused of
be accustomed to
in addition to
be afraid
apologize (to someone) for
believe in
blame (someone) for
be capable of
be committed to
complain about
dream of
forgive (someone) for
be excited about
be guilty of
instead of
be interested in
look forward to
be opposed to
prevent (someone) from
admit
advise
afford
agree
ask
avoid
beg
begin
consider
continue
convince
decide
demand
deny
discuss
dislike
encourage
enjoy
expect
mind
need
offer
permit
persuade
plan
postpone
prefer
prepare
pretend
promise
quit
recall
refuse
regret
remember
remind
risk
seem
It + infinitive or a
gerund subject
be a bad experience
be a bad idea
be better
be clever
be dangerous
be difficult
be easy
be essential
be foolish
be a good experience
be a good idea
be fun
be hard
be important
be impossible
be interesting
be necessary
be a pleasure
be possible
List of words and phrase to work into the story (the end)
be scared of
stop (someone) from
succeed in
take advantage of
be terrified of
thank (someone) for
think of
be tired of
be worried about
fail
force
forget
hesitate
hope
invite
learn
like
manage
start
stop
struggle
suggest
threaten
wait
want
warn
It + infinitive or a
gerund subject
be relaxing
take effort
take energy
take money
take patience
take time
4. Ill do my best to make the break for the metropolis. Nothing in the world could keep
me from .
6. It is important that people enjoy their work, and enjoying work means in the first
7. I think it is impossible to arrange a meeting with him now. He is busy .
8. She was such a naughty, disobedient and spoilt child, I felt almost
9. Mother jumped to the conclusion that the girl had gone out for the evening without
.
11. There are some reasons why I dont like being a doctor. For instance, I resent
12. The only reason I do the job of a GP is for my family as it allows .
13. Mr. Singleton was giving assistance to the injured passengers in the middle of the
14. If you take part in this expedition youll have to face the challenge of (.
15. Weve been at odds for quite a long time but I cant forget him
......................... (eat). Christmas has traditionally been a time of the year when people have tried
(3)......................... (cheer) themselves up during the cold months of winter. Last year more than
10 million turkeys were bought in Britain alone during the festive season (4) .........................
(satisfy) the nations appetite. Health experts may continue (5)....................... (complain) about all
this self-indulgence, but they fail (6)......................... (realise) that there is nothing new about
celebratory feasting, particularly at this time of year. The Roman Saturnalia, which was
supposedly a festival (7) .................. (honour) the god of agriculture, started on 19 December.
Among other things, the Saturnalia involved (8)..................... (light) candles and
(9)
......................... (give) gifts. People who had spent the whole year (10) ......................... (save) money
suddenly became extravagant. In addition to (11) ......................... (exchange) gifts, this time of
year was also an occasion for masters and slaves alike (12)......................... (eat) excessively. At one
Saturnalia feast an emperor is reported (13)......................... (spend) the equivalent of 600,000
on a dinner for twelve guests which consisted of twenty courses and lasted all day. So, when
mealtime comes round on 25 December, theres no point in (14) ......................... (have) a guilty
conscience. In fact the occasional seasonal feast may promote good health and stop year-round
(15)............. (overeat).
Ex. 60. Complete the sentences using the following expressions: You should avoid/ no good; have
difficulty; prevent/object to/ mind; apologize; not to be very keen on; its no use/worth; accuse of;
prefer to; not to be used to
1.
3.
2.
4.
6.
5.
7.
9.
8.
10.
11.
.
. ,
, ,
.
Ex. 62. Read the text and prepare 15 questions on it and on the topic using infinitive and gerund patterns.
My family was quite traditional, and my mother taught me much of what I know about
effective management. I watched her run our extended household, making decisions about
each of our lives. She directed/run a large domestic staff, which was there not for her
convenience but rather to enable her to fulfill her duties. Like any good manager, my mother
not only had to get the job done, but also had to keep everyone happy and motivated. By
example, she taught me to aim for perfection. She also encouraged me to think independently
and act cooperatively, a combination of skills I now use every day.
As a manger, I face the dilemma that while some of our ablest young recruits are
women, theyre still likely to give up working/ to quit when they marry. I encourage our
female employees to consider the option of working after marriage.
boardroom more frightening if you are not male? It may be if the men involved have trouble
respecting woman. But there will always be people who try to make themselves feel important
at the expense of others /by discriminating against others. In the end /in the long run , being a
woman in business is just one of a wide range of interpersonal issues that people face in the
workplace. This situation can be overcome if we focus on business issues.
Confucian culture is inherently conservative, but even the strongest traditions adapt to
changing conditions. I enjoy being part of that development; its a constant challenge to keep
ones bearings.
Ex.63. A. Read the article and open the brackets, using different forms of the Gerund (with correct
prepositions if necessary), or the Infinitive
They dont make plans; they dont solve problems; they dont even organize people;
thats the managers job. What leaders really do is (1-prepare) organizations for
change and (2-help) them (3-cope) as they struggle through it. Only organizations
that embrace both the managers efforts to promote stability as well as those of the
leaders to support change can survive in turbulent times.
Leadership is different from management, but not for the reasons most people think.
Leadership has nothing to do (4-have) a charisma or other exotic personality traits.
Nor is leadership necessarily better than management or a replacement for it.
Rather, both leadership and management are necessary for success in business.
Most corporations today are over-managed and underled. They need (5-develop)
their capacity to exercise leadership. Corporations that are aware of this fact dont
simply sit around waiting for leaders (6-come) along. They actively seek out people
with leadership potential and expose them to career experiences designed (7develop) that potential.
But while improving their ability to lead, companies should remember that strong
leadership with weak management is no better, and it is sometimes actually worse.
The real challenge is (8-combine) strong leadership and strong management and
(9-use) each to balance the other.
What are the two abilities about? Management is about (10-cope) with complexity.
Without good management, complex enterprises tend to become chaotic in ways
that threaten their very existence. Good management brings a degree of order and
consistency to key aspects like the quality and profitability of products.
Leadership, by contrast, is about (11-cope) with change. Part of the reason it has
become so important in recent years is that the business world has become more
competitive and more changeable. The result is that (12-do) what was done
yesterday is no longer a formula for success. These two different functions coping
with complexity and coping with change shape the characteristic activities of
management and leadership. Each system of action involves (13-decide) what needs
(14-do), creating networks of people and relationships and then trying (15-ensure)
that those people actually do the job. Companies manage complexity by planning
and budgeting setting targets for the future, establishing detailed steps (16achieve) these targets, and then allocating resources (17-accomplish) these plans.
By contrast, (18-lead) an organization begins by setting a direction developing a
vision for the future along with strategies (19-produce) the changes needed (20achieve) that vision.
B. Now answer the teachers questions, using different forms of the Gerund and the Infinitive wherever
possible
C. Sum up the contents of the article
D. Hold a debate Crisis Management, using the Gerund and the Infinitive. Use the role cards given by the
teacher
Ex.64. A. Read the article and open the brackets, using different forms of the Gerund (with correct
prepositions if necessary), or the Infinitive
Out of Work
In Britain a lot of people are out of work. Tracey Chapman, 18, left school a year
ago. She lives in the North East, an area of high youth unemployment. She hasnt
been able to find a job yet.
My Dad just doesnt understand. He started (1-work) in a steel mill when he was
15. Things are different now., but he thinks I should start (2-bring) home some
money. Oh, I get my unemployment benefit, but that isnt much and Im fed up (3queue) for it every Thursday. I hate (4-have) (5-ask) my Mum and Dad for money.
Oh, My Mum gives me a couple of pounds for tights now and then, but she cant
stand (6-see) me at home all day. I know she hates me (7-be) hard up all the time
and I hate (8-look upon) with either scorn or pity. Ive almost given up (9-look for)
a job. I buy the local paper every day but Im really tired (10-look through) the
Situations Vacant column. There are 50 applicants for every job. I was interested
(11-be) a dentists receptionist because I like (12-meet) people, but now Id take any
job at all. People ask me why I dont move to London, but I dont want (13-leave) my
family and friends. Anyway, Im afraid (14-leave) because Im scared (15-live) on
my own in a big city.
George Morley is 54. Until last year he was a production manager in the textile
industry. He had worked for the same company since he left school. He had a good
job, a four-bedroomed house and a company car. When his company had to close
because of economic difficulties, he became redundant.
Its funny really I dont feel old, but it isnt easy to start (16-look for) a job at my
age. Ive had so many refusals. Now Im frightened (17-apply) for a job. All the
interviewers are twenty years younger than me. Some even refuse (18-listen) to me,
saying they regret (19-inform) me the vacancy Ive applied for has been taken. You
see, I am interested (20-learn) a new skill, but nobody wants (21-train) me. I can
see their point of view Ill have to retire in ten years. Its just, Im tired (22-sit)
around the house. Ive worked hard for nearly forty years and now Im terrified
(23-have) nothing to do. When I was still with Lancastrian Textiles I remember
(24-be bored) (25-do) the same thing day after day, but now Id really enjoy (26do) a job again any job really. Its not the money I got good redundancy pay,
and the house is paid for and Ive given up (27-smoke), no, its not just money. I
just need (28-feel) useful, thats all.
B. Now answer the teachers questions, using different forms of the Gerund and the Infinitive wherever
possible
C. Sum up the contents of the article
D. Hold a debate Reducing unemployment, using the Gerund and the Infinitive. Use the role cards given
by the teacher