Fat

Almond, Sweet
Apricot Kernel
Arachis
Avocado
Avocado Butter
Babassu, brazil nut
Beef Hoof
Beeswax
Borage
Brazil Nut
Butterfat, Cow
Butterfat, Goat
Camelina
Camellia
Candelilla Wax
Canola
Carnauba Wax
Castor
Chicken Fat
Chinese Bean
Cocoa Butter
Coconut
Cod-liver
Colza
Corn
Cottonseed
Earthnut
Emu
Evening Primrose
Flaxseed
Goose Fat
Grapeseed
Hazelnut
Hemp Seed
Illipe Butter
Java Cotton
Jojoba
Kapok
Karite Butter (Shea)
Katchung
Kokum Butter
Kukui Nut
Lanolin
Lard
Linseed
Macadamia
Maize
Mango
Mango Butter
Meadowfoam
Mink
Mustard
Neat's foot
Neem
Nutmeg Butter
Olive
Ostrich
Palm
Palm Butter
Palm Kernel
Palm, Stearic
Peach Kernel
Peanut
Perilla
Pistachio Nut
Poppyseed
Pumpkinseed
Ramic
Rape
Rapeseed
Rice Bran
Ricinus
Rose Hip Seed
Safflower
Sal Butter
Sesame Seed
Shea Butter
Shortening (veg.)
Soybean
Sunflower Seed
Sweet Oil
Tallow, bear
Tallow, beef
Tallow, chinese vegetable
Tallow, deer
Tallow, goat
Tallow, sheep
Tamanu
Theobroma
Tung
Walnut
Wheatgerm

Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Hydroxide Iodine Value

NaOH
KOH
Low High Dr. Bob's INS Est. INS INS Other Names
0.1360
0.1904
93
105
97
92 97
0.1350
0.1890
92
108
91
89 91
0.1360
0.1904
93
93
99
98 99 peanut
0.1330
0.1862
82
90
99
101 99
0.1339
0.1875
60
90
113 113
0.1750
0.2450
10
20
230
230 230
0.1410
0.1974
72
72
124
126 124 neat's foot
0.0690
0.0966
8
11
84
88 84
0.1357
0.1900
130
150
50 50
0.1750
0.2450
10
20
230
230 230
0.1619
0.2266
30
30
191
197 191
0.1672
0.2340
30
30
204 204
0.1333
0.1870
140
160
37 37
0.1362
0.1910
78
88
108 108
0.0381
0.0535
19
24
32 32
0.1324
0.1856
110
126
56
68 56
0.0611
0.0856
7
14
76 76
0.1286
0.1800
82
90
95
94 95
0.1389
0.1944
130
130
0.1350
0.1890
124
132
61
61 61 soybean
0.1370
0.1918
33
44
157
154 157
0.1900
0.2660
10
10
258
256 258
0.1326
0.1856
181
181
29
5 29
0.1240
0.1736
105
120
56
62 56 rapeseed
0.1360
0.1904
103
130
69
74 69
0.1386
0.1940
112
112
89
82 89
0.1360
0.1904
93
93
99
98 99 peanut
0.1359
0.1906
40
80
128
131 128
0.1357
0.1900
150
170
30 30
0.1357
0.1899
205
205
-6
-16 -6
0.1369
0.1916
130
130
0.1265
0.1771
125
137
66
47 66
0.1356
0.1898
90
103
94 94
0.1345
0.1883
160
170
39
24 39
0.1385
0.1940
43
55
145 145
0.1461
0.2049
85
110
108 108 kapok
0.0690
0.0966
80
85
11
15 11
0.1461
0.2049
85
110
108 108
0.1280
0.1792
55
71
116
117 116
0.1360
0.1904
93
93
99
98 99 peanut
0.1357
0.1900
32
40
154 154
0.1350
0.1890
160
175
24
22 24
0.0741
0.1037
18
36
83
77 83
0.1380
0.1932
60
60
139
134 139
0.1357
0.1899
205
205
-6
-16 -6 flaxseed
0.1390
0.1946
73
79
119 119
0.1360
0.1904
103
130
69
74 69 corn
0.1280
0.1792
55
65
120 120
0.1371
0.1920
43
50
146 146
0.1207
0.1690
92
92
77 77
0.1400
0.1960
45
65
141 141
0.1241
0.1737
105
120
56
62 56 rapeseed
0.1359
0.1902
72
72
124
119 124
0.1387
0.1941
84
94
124
106 124
0.1160
0.1624
0.1340
0.1876
79
95
109
101 109
0.1390
0.1946
90
103
128
99 128
0.1410
0.1974
45
57
145
147 145
0.1560
0.2184
37
42
183
179 183
0.1560
0.2184
37
42
183
179 183
0.1410
0.1974
37
45
157 157
0.1370
0.1920
108
118
96
79 96
0.1360
0.1904
93
93
99
98 99
0.1369
0.1916
185
208
-5 -5
0.1328
0.1863
93
96
92 92
0.1383
0.1936
140
140
54 54
0.1331
0.1863
110
130
67 67
0.1240
0.1736
105
120
56
62 56 rapeseed
0.1240
0.1736
105
120
56
62 56 rapeseed
0.1240
0.1736
105
120
56
62 56
0.1280
0.1792
110
110
70 70
0.1286
0.1800
82
90
95
94 95 castor
0.1378
0.1930
170
185
16 16
0.1360
0.1904
150
150
47
41 47
0.1306
0.1832
35
43
145 145
0.1330
0.1862
105
115
81
77 81
0.1280
0.1792
55
71
116
117 116
0.1360
0.1904
90
95
115
98 115
0.1350
0.1890
124
132
61
61 61
0.1340
0.1876
136
136
63
52 63
0.1340
0.1876
79
95
109
101 109 olive
0.1390
0.1946
0.1405
0.1967
43
47
147
152 147
0.1345
0.1883
0.1379
0.1930
166
166
0.1383
0.1936
156
156
0.1383
0.1936
156
156
0.1357
0.1900
108
108
82 82
0.1370
0.1918
33
44
157
154 157 cocoa butter
0.1377
0.1927
163
173
25 25
0.1353
0.1894
140
150
45 45
0.1310
0.1834
115
140
58
56 58

Recipe Name:
Alkali: NaOH
Estimated INS Value:
Oil

(Bar Soap)
191

Weight in Oz % of Oils INS

Butterfat, Cow

Total:

20

100.0%

20

100.0%

SAP
191 0.1619

Oz NaOH

Super-fatting Oil

3.238

3.238

Lye discount: 0.0%

Total Oz
Oils
Lye
Water
Total
After Cure (15% water)
Bar Size (Oz)
Number of Bars

20.0
3.2
6.6
29.8
24.1
4.0
6

Pounds Ounces
1
4.0
0
3.2
0
6.6
1
13.8
1
8.1

Weight in Oz

Notes:

Total:

Total Effective Lye Discount:

1.2%

Recipe Name:
Alkali: NaOH

(Bar Soap)

Scale To:
or
or

Scale Factor: 1.00

Oil

Weight in Oz % of Oils SAP

Butterfat, Cow

Total:

Oz NaOH

20

100.0% 0.1619

3.238

20

100.0%

3.238

Lye discount: 0.0%

Total Effective Lye Discount:

Total Oz
Oils
Lye
Water
Total
After Cure (15% water)
Bar Size (Oz)
Number of Bars

20.0
3.2
6.6
29.8
24.1
4.0
6

Pounds Ounces
1
4.0
0
3.2
0
6.6
1
13.8
1
8.1

Total Weight (Oz)

Weight After Cure (Oz)
Number of Bars
Super-fatting Oil

Weight in Oz

Total:

Total Effective Lye Discount:

1.2%

Notes:

Hi, just a few notes about this template, how to use the workbooks created from
it, and the methods used for certain operations. There's a short FAQ at the
very end of this document.
Installation
-----------(These instructions are based on installing the template for use by MSExcel97,
on a machine running MSWindows95/98/ME/NT.)
The best place to keep this template is in your Templates folder. Your
Templates folder should be in the folder in which you installed Microsoft Office
or Microsoft Excel. For example: on my machine the Templates folder is
'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates'.
Basic usage
----------Once you have saved the template to your Templates folder, here's how to create
new workbooks from it:
1) Start Excel
2) Click 'New' on the 'File' menu, which opens up the 'New' dialog box.
3) On the 'General' tab of the 'New' dialog, pick 'soapsheet.xlt'.
4) Click the OK button.
5) A new workbook called soapsheet1 should appear in Excel.
There are only two worksheets in this workbook that you need to be concerned
with when you play with your soap recipes. They are the sheets labeled "Recipe
Worksheet" (the one you're on by default when you create a new workbook from the
template) and "Scaled Version". The fields that may be changed on the Recipe
worksheet are:
-

Recipe Name
Alkali (NaOH for
fields under the
fields under the
fields under the
Lye discount
Bar Size (Oz)
Notes

bar soap recipes, KOH for liquid soap recipes)

"Oil" heading
"Super-fatting Oil" heading
"Weight in Oz" headings for oils and super-fatting oils

Entering a recipe is as easy as picking oils from the drop-down list attached to
the Oil fields and entering the amount of each you want to use. Then, if you
want, enter super-fatting oils the same way, enter a lye discount, and perhaps
change the bar size. That's it. Everything else will be calculated for you.
The Scaled Version sheet allows you to take the recipe entered on the Recipe
sheet and scale it to whatever batch size you want. It shows everything from
the Recipe sheet except INS values, and includes the additional field "Scale
Factor". Scale Factor is the only field that may be changed on the Scaled
Version sheet, and is used as follows: to scale a recipe down to one half of its
original size, enter a Scale Factor of .5. To double a recipe, enter a Scale
Factor of 2. Enter whatever factor you want, 2 and .5 are just examples. You
get the idea.
New feature on Scaled Version worksheet: there are now three new fields that
allow the recipe to be scaled either to a total batch size in ounces, a total
batch size in ounces after cure, or a total number of bars based on the user
settable bar size. To use these, enter a number in any one of the three
fields (after typing the number hit return or select another cell to complete
your change), then click on the button next to the field. This will cause Excel
to automatically change the scale factor to achieve the batch size or number
of bars you specify. Please note that this "goal seeking" feature of Excel is
not perfect, sometimes it will not be able to properly scale to the number you

Version sheet, and is used as follows: to scale a recipe down to one half of its
original size, enter a Scale Factor of .5. To double a recipe, enter a Scale
Factor of 2. Enter whatever factor you want, 2 and .5 are just examples. You
get the idea.
New feature on Scaled Version worksheet: there are now three new fields that
allow the recipe to be scaled either to a total batch size in ounces, a total
batch size in ounces after cure, or a total number of bars based on the user
settable bar size. To use these, enter a number in any one of the three
fields (after typing the number hit return or select another cell to complete
your change), then click on the button next to the field. This will cause Excel
to automatically change the scale factor to achieve the batch size or number
of bars you specify. Please note that this "goal seeking" feature of Excel is
not perfect, sometimes it will not be able to properly scale to the number you
specify. If that happens, try fractionally changing the number in one
direction or another and then hit the button again. For example, if Excel is
having trouble scaling your recipe to a 64 ounce batch, try scaling to 64.1 or
63.9 ounces instead. If it still doesn't work, try changing the number a
little more. Also note that scaling to a batch size after cure or to a
number of bars is disabled when the alkali is set to KOH (liquid soap).
Bar Soap (NaOH) versus Liquid Soap (KOH) Recipes
-----------------------------------------------The alkali for a recipe is set to NaOH by default.
soap recipe, several things change:

If you change it to KOH for a liq

1) The SAP values used change to those for KOH.

2) The water calculation changes to one suitable for liquid soap recipes.
3) The INS values and the INS calculation disappear, since the are not applicable to liquid soap.
4) Other fields/calculations that are not applicable to liquid soap (e.g. weight
after cure, bar size, and yield in bars) also disappear.
SAP Values
---------The SAP values used in calculating the lye are looked up from the SAP Values
worksheet. If you disagree with any of the values, please feel free to change
them. You may also change the names of any of the oils, just make sure you
change any references on the Recipe worksheet from the old name to the new name.
You may also add new oils, as long as you don't change the format of the SAP
Values worksheet (this is very important, as the lookup from the Recipe
worksheet depends upon the oil names and SAP values being in specific columns,
and within a certain range of rows). If you do add new oils, you can either
insert them into the list where you want or put them at the end; order is not
important, just don't go past row 200 or so. Note too that the oils in the drop
down list on the Recipe sheet appear in the same order as on the SAP Values
sheet, so if you don't insert new oils in alphabetical order, they won't appear
that way in the list either. To save any changes/additions you make to the SAP
Values worksheet, so that any new workbooks you create will include them, see
"Changing the template" below.
INS Values of Recipes
--------------------The concept of INS values is borrowed from Dr Robert McDaniel's book,
"Essentially Soap." He in turn borrowed it from an unattributed source. In any
event, what he says is that an oil's INS value is based on its SAP value and
iodine value, and that a soap's INS is the weighted average of the INS values of
its constituent oils. What does that mean to you? Probably not much. The
important thing is that (as related by Dr Bob) the 'ideal' INS value to shoot
for when formulating a soap recipe is 160. Now remember: 160 is only the ideal.
Most recipes, even really excellent ones, won't be at an INS of 160. The
majority of the ones I've looked at are in the mid 140's or low 150's. The INS
value's real utility is as a sort of rough gauge of how well your recipe is
balanced. In other words, if your recipe's INS is much above or way below 160,
you might want to take another look at things. Note that the INS calculation is
not done for liquid soap recipes.
INS Values of Individual Oils
----------------------------Many of the INS values for individual oils are borrowed from Dr Bob.

its constituent oils. What does that mean to you? Probably not much. The
important thing is that (as related by Dr Bob) the 'ideal' INS value to shoot
for when formulating a soap recipe is 160. Now remember: 160 is only the ideal.
Most recipes, even really excellent ones, won't be at an INS of 160. The
majority of the ones I've looked at are in the mid 140's or low 150's. The INS
value's real utility is as a sort of rough gauge of how well your recipe is
balanced. In other words, if your recipe's INS is much above or way below 160,
you might want to take another look at things. Note that the INS calculation is
not done for liquid soap recipes.
INS Values of Individual Oils
----------------------------Many of the INS values for individual oils are borrowed from Dr Bob.
Specifically, the sheet calculates its own INS values based on the best SAP and
iodine values I could find, but where Dr Bob had a value, I defer to him. You
may note that a few of the oils listed have no INS. That's because Dr Bob
didn't list them, and I couldn't find iodine value numbers for them either. You
can still use those oils in your recipes, but they will be ignored in the INS
calculation for the recipe as a whole.
Canola versus Rapeseed oil
-------------------------All canola oil is rapeseed oil, but not all rapeseed oil is canola. The reason
for this is that rapeseed oil normally has an erucic acid content of up to fifty
percent, while in order for an oil to be called canola, it may have an erucic
acid content of no more than two percent. In other words, canola is low erucic
acid rapeseed oil. What does this mean to you? Well, the erucic acid of
regular rapeseed is largely replaced by oleic and linoleic acids in canola,
which CHANGES THE SAP VALUE. I have yet to see a saponification chart, either
published or on the web, which takes this into account. Every one of them
treats rape and canola interchangeably, and lists the SAP of regular rape, even
though the availability of regular rapeseed oil to the average North American
consumer is limited at best. Is this dangerous? Since the SAP of rape is lower
than that of canola, no, not really. It just means you're building an
additional lye discount into any soap that uses canola. Which isn't much of a
problem unless your recipe is already at the extreme of superfatting, or you're
trying to make transparent soap. Bottom line: use canola for canola, and any
of the other names (ramic/rape/rapeseed) for regular rapeseed oil.
Lye calculation and rounding
---------------------------Because most people don't have a way to accurately measure amounts smaller than
.1 ounces (well, I don't), the calculated amounts for lye and water are rounded
DOWN to the nearest .1 ounce. If you must round, rounding down is the only safe
way to go for lye, and unless you are making very small batches, a difference of
less than one tenth of an ounce should have very little effect. Note that you
may still enter amounts of oil to any level of precision you want, you just
won't ever get more than one decimal place of precision for the lye and water.
Water calculation
----------------The amount of water required for bar soaps is calculated based on the rule of
thumb of one pound of water for every three pounds of oils. There are other
rules of thumb out there, e.g. six ounces of water per pound of oils, ala the
MMS calculator, but I prefer the 1:3 rule. For liquid soap recipes the amount
of water is three times the total weight of the KOH.
After Cure calculation
---------------------The After Cure weight is an estimate of the total yield of soap after most of
the water has cured out of your bars. It is based on the rule of thumb that
when your soap is done curing it will have about 15% of its original water
content remaining.
Default values
-------------Every new soapsheet workbook will have a default alkali of NaOH (bar soap), a lye
discount of 0%, bar size of 4 ounces, and scale factor of 1. Any of these may be
changed. To save your changes for future workbooks, see "Changing the template"

After Cure calculation

---------------------The After Cure weight is an estimate of the total yield of soap after most of
the water has cured out of your bars. It is based on the rule of thumb that
when your soap is done curing it will have about 15% of its original water
content remaining.
Default values
-------------Every new soapsheet workbook will have a default alkali of NaOH (bar soap), a lye
discount of 0%, bar size of 4 ounces, and scale factor of 1. Any of these may be
changed. To save your changes for future workbooks, see "Changing the template"
below.
Changing the template
--------------------Here's how to change the template:
1) Create a new soapsheet workbook.
2) Make your changes/additions to SAP Values, bar size, lye discount, and/or
scale factor.
3) From the File menu, click Save As.
4) In the 'Save as type' drop-down list box on the 'Save As' dialog, choose
'Template (*.xlt)'. This choice should automatically change the 'Save in'
directory to your Templates directory.
5) In the 'File name' box of the 'Save As' dialog enter 'soapsheet' (the
original name), or whatever name you would like to use for the new version of
the template.
6) If you are replacing the template you started with in step one, you will be
prompted whether or not to overwrite the original. Click 'Yes'.
7) You're done.
FAQ's
----1) What the heck is a '.xlt' file?
The .xlt, versus .xls, indicates that it is an Excel spreadsheet _template_, not
actually a spreadsheet. Every time you open it, it will create a new workbook in
Excel that you will be asked to name when you save (i.e. it's hitting the `New'
button to create a new workbook, but instead of being blank, it's got all of
this stuff from the template in it already). Normally templates are kept in the
Templates directory under the directory where Microsoft Office was installed.
For me, under WindowsNT 4.0, that defaults to c:\program files\microsoft
office\templates. Once the template is installed in the templates directory,
picking File>New off of Excel's menu will pop up a dialog for choosing a
template or wizard for the new workbook. Just pick 'soapsheet.xlt' from the
General tab, and you are good to go.
2) Why is the total effective lye discount greater than my lye discount, even
though I specified no superfatting oils?
3) Why is the total effective lye discount different for the scaled version of
my recipe?
The answer to these two questions has to do with the fact that lye amounts are
rounded down to the nearest tenth of an ounce, as detailed in "Lye calculation
and rounding" above. To answer the first question, by way of example: if you
specify a lye discount of 5%, which puts the lye amount at, for example, 7.39
ounces, the number 7.39 will be rounded down to 7.3, giving you a total
effective lye discount of almost 6.2%. That's a 1.2% higher discount, all
because you lost .09 ounces of lye to rounding. Are you with me so far? Now on
to question two... The reason why the total effective lye discount may be a
different value on the scaled version worksheet than the recipe worksheet is
that the amount being rounded off of the lye amount will almost certainly
change, and it will be a different proportion to the lye amount than in the
unscaled version. For example: say I have a recipe with a 5% lye discount,
which puts the lye amount at 8.66 ounces, which rounds down to 8.6, giving me a
total effective lye discount of around 5.7%. Then I go to the scaled version

The answer to these two questions has to do with the fact that lye amounts are
rounded down to the nearest tenth of an ounce, as detailed in "Lye calculation
and rounding" above. To answer the first question, by way of example: if you
specify a lye discount of 5%, which puts the lye amount at, for example, 7.39
ounces, the number 7.39 will be rounded down to 7.3, giving you a total
effective lye discount of almost 6.2%. That's a 1.2% higher discount, all
because you lost .09 ounces of lye to rounding. Are you with me so far? Now on
to question two... The reason why the total effective lye discount may be a
different value on the scaled version worksheet than the recipe worksheet is
that the amount being rounded off of the lye amount will almost certainly
change, and it will be a different proportion to the lye amount than in the
unscaled version. For example: say I have a recipe with a 5% lye discount,
which puts the lye amount at 8.66 ounces, which rounds down to 8.6, giving me a
total effective lye discount of around 5.7%. Then I go to the scaled version
worksheet and double the batch size. Now my 5% discount puts the lye amount at
17.32 ounces, which rounds down to 17.3, giving me a total effective lye
discount of only about 5.2%. This effect can work the opposite way too, with
the total effective lye discount going up when you change the batch size. It is
even more pronounced when you scale down to smaller batch sizes, because even a
small amount rounded off is a proportionately larger change than in a large
batch. I hope that makes sense to everyone. There's no way around this without
taking a smaller lye discount than what you originally entered.

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one of them
egular rape, even
North American
P of rape is lower
lding an
isn't much of a
atting, or you're
canola, and any
oil.

unts smaller than

water are rounded
n is the only safe
s, a difference of
. Note that you
ant, you just
e lye and water.

on the rule of
here are other
f oils, ala the
cipes the amount

p after most of
of thumb that
iginal water

H (bar soap), a lye

Any of these may be
ging the template"

p after most of
of thumb that
iginal water

H (bar soap), a lye

Any of these may be
ging the template"

scount, and/or

ialog, choose
he 'Save in'

heet' (the
new version of

one, you will be

'.

et _template_, not
a new workbook in
hitting the `New'
t's got all of
s are kept in the
was installed.
\microsoft
ates directory,
choosing a
.xlt' from the
discount, even

caled version of

lye amounts are

"Lye calculation
example: if you
r example, 7.39
u a total
iscount, all
me so far? Now on
count may be a
e worksheet is
t certainly
t than in the
lye discount,
8.6, giving me a
scaled version

lye amounts are

"Lye calculation
example: if you
r example, 7.39
u a total
iscount, all
me so far? Now on
count may be a
e worksheet is
t certainly
t than in the
lye discount,
8.6, giving me a
scaled version
the lye amount at
ective lye
e way too, with
batch size. It is
s, because even a
an in a large
round this without
.

Soapsheet.xlt
A soap recipe spreadsheet template, written for Excel97.
Author: Chris Mathes ([email protected])
Version: 1.4

I wrote soapsheet.xlt because doing lye calculations by hand is cumbersome, time consuming, error prone, and not conducive to tw
playing with recipes. Additionally, I was dissatisfied with the inconvenience and lack of utility of the available on-line lye calculato
together my own tool that was portable, easy to use, and did what I wanted. I sincerely hope you like it.

I welcome any feedback you have at the email address above. Also, if you would like to be notified when a new version of soapshe
when the new stand-alone application version is done (many, many new features), send me an email and I will put you on the list. I
that the new, as yet unnamed application will also be free, and freely redistributable.

Notice:
This template is an original work of Chris Mathes, but may be freely redistributed under the following conditions:

1) This notice must remain attached and unchanged

2) You may not charge people for soapsheet.xlt, other than to recoup no more than your costs for physical distribution (i.e. m
3) Blah, blah, blah, blah.
Happy Soaping,
Chris

el97.

r prone, and not conducive to tweaking or otherwise

e available on-line lye calculators, so I decided to put
I sincerely hope you like it.

d when a new version of soapsheet.xlt is released, or

l and I will put you on the list. I should also mention
ely redistributable.

g conditions:

ts for physical distribution (i.e. media and/or postage).