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Part 1 Introduction

WELL CONTROL CAIRO UNIVERSITY

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ahmedhussien1
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56 views

Part 1 Introduction

WELL CONTROL CAIRO UNIVERSITY

Uploaded by

ahmedhussien1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Part 1

Introduction
By
Prof. Dr. Abdel-Alim Hashem

Contents
Definitions

Basic Concepts
Liquid Hydrostatics

Definitions
What is a Kick?
An unscheduled entry of formation fluids into the
wellbore of sufficient quantity to require shutting
in the well

What is a Blowout?
Loss of control of a kick

Why does a kick occur?


Pressure in the wellbore is less than the
pressure in the formation
Permeability of the formation is great enough
to allow flow
A fluid that can flow is present in the
formation
5

How do we prevent kicks?


We must maintain the pressure in the
wellbore greater than formation pressure
But,
We must not allow the pressure in the
wellbore to exceed the fracture pressure
This is done by controlling the HSP of the
drilling fluid, and isolating weak formations
with casing
HSP = HydroStatic Pressure

Hydrostatic Pressure, HSP


HSP
= 0.052
* MW** MW
TVD
HSP
= 0.052

* TVD

HSP = Hydrostatic Pressure, psi

MW = Mud Weight (density), ppg


TVD = Total Vertical Depth, ft
7

HSP
10 ppg mud

TVD

HSP

HSP

HSP
8

Problem # 1
Drive the HSP equation
Calculate the HSP for each of the following:
10,000 ft of 12.0 ppg mud
12,000 ft of 10.5 ppg mud
15,000 ft of 15.0 ppg mud

Solution to Problem # 1
Consider a column of fluid:
Cross-sectional area = 1 sq.ft.
Height = TVD ft
Density = MW

Weight of the fluid = Vol * Density


3

= 1 * 1 * TVD ft * 62.4 lb/ ft * MW ppg/8.33


= 62.4 / 8.33 * MW * TVD

10

Solution, cont.
This weight is equally distributed over an area
of 1 sq.ft. or 144 sq.in.
Therefore,
Pressure = Weight / area
= 62.4 MW * TVD/(8.33*144)
HSP = 0.052 * MW * TVD

F = PA
11

Solution, cont.
HSP = 0.052 * MW * TVD
HSP1 = 0.052 * 12 * 10,000 = 6,240 psi
HSP2 = 0.052 * 10.5 * 12,000 = 6,552 psi
HSP3 = 0.052 * 15.0 * 15,000 = 11,700 psi
12

Terminology
Pressure
Pressure gradient
Formation pressure
(Pore)
Overburden pressure
Fracture pressure
Pump pressure
(system pressure loss)

SPP, KRP, Slow


circulating pressure,
kill rate pressure
Surge & swab
pressure
SIDPP & SICP
BHP

13

U-Tube Concept
400
600

HSP = 5,200 psi

400

600

Mud HSP
=4,800 psi

HSP =
5,200 psi
Mud HSP
=4,800 psi

Influx HSP
=200 psi

Influx HSP
=200 psi
5,600

5,600

5,600

14

More Terminology
Capacity of:

Rig Pumps

casing

Duplex pump

hole

Triplex pump

drillpipe
Annular capacity

KWM, kill weight mud


Fluid Weight up

Displacement of:
Drillpipe
Drill collars
15

Problem # 2
Calculate the mud gradient for 15.0 ppg mud
G15 = 0.052 * MW = 0.052 * 15
= 0.780 psi/ft

Calculate the HSP of 15,000 of 15 ppg mud


HSP = 0.780 * 15,000 = 11,700 psi

16

Problem # 3
The top 6,000 ft in a wellbore is filled with
fresh water, the next 8,000 with 11 ppg
mud, and the bottom 16,000 ft is filled with
16 ppg mud.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is the BHP?


What is the pressure 1/2 way to bottom?
Plot the mud density vs. depth
Plot the mud gradient vs. depth
Plot the pressure vs. depth
17

Problem # 3 solution
1. BHP = 0.052 * [(8.33 * 6,000) + (11 * 8,000) +
(16 * 16,000)]
= 20,487 psi
2. Pressure 1/2 way down (at 15,000 ft)
= 0.052 * [(8.33 * 6,000)
+ (11 * 8,000) + (16 * 1,000)]
= 8,007 psi
18

Problem # 3 solution
Mud Density, ppg
0 5 10 15 20

3. Plot MW vs. Depth


0

5,000
D 10,000
e 15,000
p
t 20,000
h
25,000

8.33

11.0

16.0

30,000
19

Problem # 3 solution
Mud Gradient, psi/ft
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9

4. Plot mud
gradient vs. Depth
0

Depth
Gradient
ft
psi/ft
0-6,000
0.433
6,000-14,000 0.572
14,000-TD
0.832

5,000
D 10,000
e 15,000
p
t 20,000
h
25,000

0.433

0.572

0.832

30,000
20

Problem # 3 solution
5. Plot HSP vs.
Depth
ft

psi

@ 6,000
2,599
@14,000 7,175
@ 30,000 20,487

Mud Pressure, kpsi


8 5 10 15 20

5,000

2,599 psi

10,000

7,175 psi

D 15,000
e
p 20,000
t 25,000
h
30,000

20,487 psi

21

Addition of Weight Material


The amount of barite
required to raise the
density of one barrel
of mud from MW1 to
MW2, ppg

1,490 MW2 MW1


WB
35.4 MW2
where
WB Barite Required,lb/bbl
MW1 Old Mud Density,ppg
MW 2 New Mud Density,ppg
1,490 Wt. of 1 bbl of Barite, lbs
35.4 Wt. of 1 gal of Barite, lbs
22

Problem # 4, Derive Barite Eq.


Consider one bbl of mud of density, MW1, add
WB lbs of barite to increase the mud density
to MW2.
Wt, lb
Old Mud
Barite
Mixture

42 * MW1
WB
WB + 42 MW1

Vol, bbl
1
(WB lbs / 1,490 lb/bbl)
1 + (WB / 1,490)

Density of Mixture = total weight / total volume


23

Problem # 4
New Density = Weight / Volume
MW2

= (WB+42 MW1 lbs) / {[1+(WB/1,490)bbl]*42 gal/bbl}

42 MW2 [1+(WB/1,490)] = WB+42 MW1 lbs


WB [(MW2 / 35.4) -1] = 42 MW1 42 MW2
WB(MW2 - 35.4) = (42 * 35.4) * (MW1 - MW2)

1,490 MW2 MW1


WB
35.4 MW2
24

Stopping an Influx
1. Increase Pressure at Surface
2. Increase Annular Friction
3. Increase Mud Weight
25

Depth

Stopping an Influx

Mud Hydrostatic
Pressure

Pressure

26

Depth

Stopping an Influx Soln.1

Mud
Hydrostatic
Pressure
Pressure

27

Depth

Stopping an Influx Soln.2

Mud
Hydrostatic
Pressure
Pressure

28

Depth

Stopping an Influx Soln.3

Mud
Hydrostatic
Pressure
Pressure

29

End

30

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