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Native Language Target Language Grammar Translation Method Bilingual Method

The direct method is a method of teaching language without using the learner's native language. It focuses on teaching vocabulary and grammar concepts through visual aids, questions, and oral practice in the target language. Key features include using real-life objects to teach vocabulary, having learners deduce grammar rules through examples, and prioritizing spoken language skills. Advocates argue it helps learners communicate more quickly in the new language, while critics note it may not be suitable for teaching abstract concepts or in larger class sizes.

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Fathur Rohman
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97 views3 pages

Native Language Target Language Grammar Translation Method Bilingual Method

The direct method is a method of teaching language without using the learner's native language. It focuses on teaching vocabulary and grammar concepts through visual aids, questions, and oral practice in the target language. Key features include using real-life objects to teach vocabulary, having learners deduce grammar rules through examples, and prioritizing spoken language skills. Advocates argue it helps learners communicate more quickly in the new language, while critics note it may not be suitable for teaching abstract concepts or in larger class sizes.

Uploaded by

Fathur Rohman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The direct method of teaching, which is sometimes called the natural method, and is often (but not

exclusively) used in teaching foreign languages, refrains from using the learners' native
language and uses only the target language. It was established in Germany and France around 1900
and contrasts with the grammar translation method and other traditional approaches, as well as with
C.J.Dodson's bilingual method. It was adopted by key international language schools such as Berlitz
and Inlingua in the 1970s and many of the language departments of the Foreign Service Institute of
the U.S. State Department in 2012.
In general, teaching focuses on the development of oral skills.[2] Characteristic features of the
direct method are:
teaching concepts and vocabulary through pantomiming, real-life objects and other visual materials
teaching grammar by using an inductive approach (i.e. having learners find out rules through the
presentation of adequate linguistic forms in the target language)
centrality of spoken language (including a native-like pronunciation)
focus on question-answer patterns

Definition
Direct method is a method of teaching language directly establishing a direct or immediate
association between experience and expression, between the English word, phrase or idiom and its
meaning through demonstration, dramatization without the use of the mother tongue
Aims
1.Direct method aims to build a direct relation between experience and language, word and idea,
thought and expression
2.This method intends for students to learn how to communicate in the target language
3.This method is based on the assumption that the learner should experience the new language in
the same way as he/she
experienced his/her mother tongue
Essentials of direct method
1.No translation
2.Concepts are taught by means of objects or by natural contexts
3.Oral training helps in reading and writing
4.Grammar is taught indirectly
Techniques
1.Question/answer exercise the teacher asks questions of any type and the student answers.
2.Dictation the teacher chooses a grade-appropriate passage and reads it aloud.

3.Reading aloud the students take turn reading sections of a passage, play or a dialogue aloud.
4.Student self-correction when a student makes a mistake the teacher offers him/her a second
chance by giving a choice.
5.Conversation practice the students are given an opportunity to ask their own questions to the
other students or to the teacher. This enables both a teacher-learner interaction as well as a learnerlearner interaction.
6.Paragraph writing the students are asked to write a passage in their own words

Advantages of Direct Method


(1) It makes the learning of English interesting and lively by establishing direct bond between a
word and its meaning.
(2) It is an activity method facilitating alertness and participation of the pupils.
(3) According to Macnee, "It is the quickest way of getting started". In a few months over 500 of
the commonest English words can be learnt and used in sentences. This serves as a strong
foundation of further learning.
(4) Due to application of the Direct Method, students are able to understand what they learn, think
about it and then express their own ideas in correct English about what they have read and learnt.
(5) Psychologically it is a sound method as it proceeds from the concrete to the abstract.
(6) This method can be usefully employed from the lowest to the highest class.
(7) Through this method, fluency of speech, good pronunciation and power of expression are
properly developed.
Disadvantages of Direct Method
(1) There are many abstract words which cannot be interpreted directly in English and much time
and energy are wasted in making attempts for the purpose.
(2) This method is based on the principles that auditory appeal is stronger that visual. But there are
children who learn more with visual than with their oral- aural sense like ears and tongue.
(3) The method ignores systematic written work and reading activities and sufficient attention is not
paid to reading and writing.
(4) Since in this method, grammar is closely bound up with the reader, difficulty is experienced in
providing readers of such kind.
(5) There is dearth of teachers trained and interested in teaching English in this method.
(6) This method may not hold well in higher classes where the Translation Method is found
suitable.
(7) In larger classes, this method is not properly applied and teaching in this method does not suit or
satisfy the needs of individual students in large classes.

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