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Chapter 1 - Section B - Non-Numerical Solutions: 1.1 This System of Units Is The English-System Equivalent of SI. Thus

This document provides non-numerical solutions and explanations for various concepts in physics and engineering. It defines relevant units and conversions between units in 3 sections: 1) It defines fundamental units for concepts like power, current, electric potential, resistance, and capacitance in terms of SI base units. 2) It derives an equation for saturated vapor pressure as a function of temperature by combining logarithmic expressions and identifies coefficients. 3) It provides reasons why spherical containers minimize surface area for a given volume and thus construction costs. It also defines consistent units for time conversions like seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, and months based on defining 1 year as 364 days.

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Faris Naufal
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38 views2 pages

Chapter 1 - Section B - Non-Numerical Solutions: 1.1 This System of Units Is The English-System Equivalent of SI. Thus

This document provides non-numerical solutions and explanations for various concepts in physics and engineering. It defines relevant units and conversions between units in 3 sections: 1) It defines fundamental units for concepts like power, current, electric potential, resistance, and capacitance in terms of SI base units. 2) It derives an equation for saturated vapor pressure as a function of temperature by combining logarithmic expressions and identifies coefficients. 3) It provides reasons why spherical containers minimize surface area for a given volume and thus construction costs. It also defines consistent units for time conversions like seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, and months based on defining 1 year as 364 days.

Uploaded by

Faris Naufal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 - Section B - Non-Numerical Solutions

1.1 This system of units is the English-system equivalent of SI. Thus,


gc = 1(lbm )(ft)(poundal)1 (s)2
1.2 (a) Power is power, electrical included. Thus,
Nm
kgm2
energy
[=]
[=]
time
s
s3
(b) Electric current is by definition the time rate of transfer of electrical charge. Thus
Power [=]

Charge [=] (electric current)(time) [=] As


(c) Since power is given by the product of current and electric potential, then
kgm2
power
[=]
current
As3
(d) Since (by Ohms Law) current is electric potential divided by resistance,
Electric potential [=]

electric potential
kgm2
[=]
3
current
A2 s
(e) Since electric potential is electric charge divided by electric capacitance,
Resistance [=]

Capacitance [=]

charge
A2 s
[=]
electric potential
kgm2

1.3 The following are general:


(A)

ln x = ln 10 log10 x
P sat /kPa = P sat /torr

100 kPa
750.061 torr

(B)

t/ C = T /K 273.15

(C)

By Eqs. (B) and (A),


ln P sat /kPa = ln 10 log10 P sat /torr + ln

100
750.061

The given equation for log10 P sat /torr is:


log10 P sat /torr = a

b
t/ C + c

Combining these last two equations with Eq. (C) gives:




100
b
sat
+ ln
ln P /kPa = ln 10 a
T /K 273.15 + c
750.061


b
2.0150
= 2.3026 a
T /K 273.15 + c
Comparing this equation with the given equation for ln P sat /kPa shows that:
A = 2.3026 a 2.0150

B = 2.3026 b
539

C = c 273.15

1.9 Reasons result from the fact that a spherical container has the minimum surface area for a given interior
volume. Therefore:
(a) A minimum quantity of metal is required for tank construction.
(b) The tensile stress within the tank wall is everywhere uniform, with no sites of stress concentration.
Moreover, the maximum stress within the tank wall is kept to a minimum.
(c) The surface area that must be insulated against heat transfer by solar radiation is minimized.
1.17 Kinetic energy as given by Eq. (1.5) has units of massvelocity2 . Its fundamental units are therefore:
E K [=] kgm2 s2 [=] Nm [=] J
Potential energy as given by Eq. (1.7) has units of masslengthacceleration. Its fundamental units are
therefore:
E P [=] kgmms2 [=] Nm [=] J
1.20 See Table A.1, p. 652, of text.
1(atm) 1 bar = 1/0.986923 = 1.01325 bar
1(Btu) 1 kJ = 1/0.947831 = 1.05504 kJ
1(hp) 0.75 kW = 1/1.34102 = 0.745701 kW
1(in) 2.5 cm = 2.54 cm exactly, by definition (see p. 651 of text)
1(lbm ) 0.5 kg = 0.45359237 kg exactly, by definition (see p. 651 of text)
1(mile) 1.6 km = 5280/3280.84 = 1.60934 km
1(quart) 1 liter = 1000/(264.172 4) = 0.94635 liter (1 liter 1000 cm3 )
1(yard) 1 m = (0.0254)(36) = 0.9144 m exactly, by definition of the (in) and the (yard)
An additional item could be:
1(mile)(hr)1 0.5 m s1 = (5280/3.28084)(1/3600) = 0.44704 m s1
1.21 One procedure here, which gives results that are internally consistent, though not exact, is to assume:
1 Year [=] 1 Yr [=] 364 Days
This makes 1 Year equivalent to exactly 52 7-Day Weeks. Then the average Month contains 30 13 Days
and 4 13 Weeks. With this understanding,
1 Year [=] 1 Yr [=] 364 Days [=] (364)(24)(3600) = 31,449,600 Seconds
Whence,
1 Sc [=] 31.4496 Second
1 Mn [=] 314.496 Second

1 Second [=] 0.031797 Sc


1 Minute [=] 60 Second [=] 0.19078 Mn

1 Hr [=] 3144.96 Second

1 Hour [=] 3600 Second [=] 1.14469 Hr

1 Dy [=] 31449.6 Second

1 Day [=] (24)(3600) Second [=] 2.74725 Dy

1 Wk [=] 314496. Second

1 Week [=] (7)(24)(3600) Second [=] 1.92308 Wk

1 Mo [=] 3144960 Second

1 Month [=] (4 13 )(7)(24)(3600) Second[=] 0.83333 Mo

The final item is obviously also the ratio 10/12.

540

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