Assignment Kit for

Program 1
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Personal Software Process (PSP) for Engineers: Part I

The Software Engineering Institute (SEI)

is a federally funded research and development center
sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense and
operated by Carnegie Mellon University.

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

This material is approved for public release.

Distribution limited by the Software Engineering Institute to attendees.

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Personal Software Process for Engineers: Part I

Assignment Kit for Program 1
Overview
Overview

Thisassignmentkitcoversthefollowingtopics.
Section

Prerequisites

Program 1

SeePage

Prerequisites

Program1requirements

Linkedlistsoverview

Meanandstandarddeviationoverview

UsingmeanandstandarddeviationinthePSP

Calculatingmeanandstandarddeviation

Ameanandstandarddeviationexample

Assignmentinstructions

Guidelinesandevaluationcriteria

12

Reading
Chapters1and2

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Program 1 requirements
Program1
requirements

UsingPSP0,writeaprogramtocalculatethemeanandstandarddeviationofa
setofnrealnumbers.
Yourprogramcanreadthenrealnumbersfromthekeyboard,afile,orsome
othersource.
Usealinkedlisttostorethennumbersforthecalculations.Ifnecessary,a
variableorstaticarray(s),database,orotherdatastructure(s)maybeusedto
holdthedata.
Thoroughlytesttheprogram.Atleasttwotestsshouldusethedatainthe
columnsofTable1.ExpectedresultsareprovidedinTable2.
Column1
EstimateProxy
Size
160
591
114
229
230
270
128
1657
624
1503

Column2
Development
Hours
15.0
69.9
6.5
22.4
28.4
65.9
19.4
198.7
38.8
138.2

Table1

Test

ExpectedValue
Mean Std.Dev
550.6
572.03
60.32
62.26

Table1:Column1
Table1:Column2

ActualValue
Mean
Std.Dev

Table2

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Linked lists
Overview

Linkedlistsareacommonabstractdatatypeusedtomaintaincollectionsofdata.
Linkedlistsareimplementedwithpointers.
Alinkedlisttypicallyhastwocomponents.
listhead
listnode(s)
Pointer
to first node

Pointer
to last node

HEAD

Pointers to next node

NODE 1

NODE 2

Data

Data

...

NODE n-1

NODE n

Data

Data

null

Someoftheoptionsforlinkedliststructureare
thelistheadcanpointtothefirstnode,lastnode,orboth
alistnodecanpointtothenextnode,priornode,orboth
Nullpointersareoftenusedtoindicateanemptylistortheendofthelist.
Typicaloperationsonalinkedlistinclude
addnode
removenode
nextnode
priornode

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Mean and standard deviation

Themeanistheaverageofasetofdata.Theaverageisthemostcommon
measureoflocationforasetofnumbers.Theaveragelocatesthecenterofthe
data.

Overview

Standarddeviationisameasureofthespreadordispersionofasetofdata.The
morewidelythevaluesarespreadout,thelargerthestandarddeviation.For
example,saywehavetwoseparatelistsofexamresultsfromaclassof30
students;onerangesfrom31%to98%,theotherfrom82%to93%.The
standarddeviationwouldbelargerfortheresultsofthefirstexam.

Usingmeanand
standarddeviation
inthePSP

Meanandstandarddeviationareusedtodivideyourhistoricalsizedatainto
categoriesandsizeranges.ThiswillbediscussedinmoredetailinLecture4
EstimatingwithPROBEII.

Calculatingmean
andstandard
deviation

Theformulaforcalculatingthemeanis
n

xavg

i 1

Theformulaforstandarddeviation,,is

x x
n

i 1

avg

n 1

where
isthesymbolforsummation
iisanindextothennumbers
xisthedataintheset
nisthenumberofitemsintheset

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

A mean and standard deviation example

Ameanand
standarddeviation
example
x
186
699
132
272
291
331
199
1890
788
1601

Inthisexample,wewillcalculatemeanandstandarddeviationofthedatain
Table3.

Table3

1. Inthisexample,thereare10itemsinthedataset.Therefore,wesetn=10.
2. Wecannowsolvethesummationitemsinthemeanformula.
n

xavg

x
i 1

n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total

x
186
699
132
272
291
331
199
1890
788
1601
10

x
i 1

6389

3. Wecanthensubstitutetheintermediatevalueintotheformula.
xavg

6389

10

xavg 638.9

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Continuedonnextpage

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

A mean and standard deviation example,

Ameanand
standarddeviation
example,cont.

Continued

4. Wecannowsubstitute x avg tocalculatetheintermediatevaluesforthe

standarddeviationformula.

x x
n

i 1

avg

n 1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total

186
699
132
272
291
331
199
1890
788
1601
10

xi 6389
i 1

x x
i

avg

205,118.41
3,612.01
256,947.61
134,615.61
121,034.41
94,802.41
193,512.01
1,565,251.21
22,230.81
925,636.41

x
10

i 1

xazvg 3,522,761.90

5. Wecanthensubstitutetheintermediatevalueintotheformula.

3,522,761.00
9

391,417.878

625.633981

Program 1

October 2006

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Assignment instructions
Beforestartingprogram1,reviewthetoplevelPSP0processscriptbelowto
ensurethatyouunderstandthebigpicturebeforeyoubegin.Also,ensurethat
youhavealloftherequiredinputsbeforeyoubegintheplanningphase.

Assignment
instructions

PSP0ProcessScript
Purpose
Entry Criteria

To guide the development of module-level programs

- Problem description
- PSP0 Project Plan Summary form
- Time and Defect Recording logs
- Defect Type standard
- Stopwatch (optional)

Step
1

Activities
Planning

Development

Postmortem

Description
- Produce or obtain a requirements statement.
- Estimate the required development time.
- Enter the plan data in the Project Plan Summary form.
- Complete the Time Recording log.
- Design the program.
- Implement the design.
- Compile the program, and fix and log all defects found.
- Test the program, and fix and log all defects found.
- Complete the Time Recording log.
Complete the Project Plan Summary form with actual time, defect, and size
data.

Exit Criteria

- A thoroughly tested program

- Completed Project Plan Summary form with estimated and actual data
- Completed Time and Defect Recording logs

Continuedonnextpage

Program 1

October 2006

10

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Assignment instructions,
Planningphase

Continued

Planprogram1followingthePSP0planningphasescript.

PSP0PlanningScript
Purpose
Entry Criteria

To guide the PSP planning process

- Problem description
- Project Plan Summary form
- Time Recording log

Step
1

Activities
Program
Requirements

Resource
Estimate

Description
- Produce or obtain a requirements statement for the program.
- Ensure that the requirements statement is clear and unambiguous.
- Resolve any questions.
- Make your best estimate of the time required to develop this program.
- Enter the plan time data in the Project Plan Summary form
- Documented requirements statement
- Completed Project Plan Summary form with estimated development time
data
- Completed Time Recording log

Exit Criteria

Verifythatyouhavemetalloftheexitcriteriafortheplanningphase,thenhave
aninstructorreviewyourplan.Afteryourplanhasbeenreviewed,proceedto
thedevelopmentphase.
Continuedonnextpage

Program 1

October 2006

11

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Assignment instructions,

Continued

DeveloptheprogramfollowingthePSP0developmentphasescript.

Development
phase

PSP0DevelopmentScript
Purpose
Entry Criteria

To guide the development of small programs

- Requirements statement
- Project Plan Summary form with estimated program development time
- Time and Defect Recording logs
- Defect Type standard

Step
1

Activities
Design

Code

Compile

Test

Description
- Review the requirements and produce a design to meet them.
- Record in the Defect Recording log any requirements defects found.
- Record time in the Time Recording log.
- Implement the design.
- Record in the Defect Recording log any requirements or design defects
found.
- Record time in the Time Recording log.
- Compile the program until error-free.
- Fix all defects found.
- Record defects in the Defect Recording log.
- Record time in the Time Recording log.
- Test until all tests run without error.
- Fix all defects found.
- Record defects in the Defect Recording log.
- Record time in the Time Recording log.
- A thoroughly tested program
- Completed Time and Defect Recording logs

Exit Criteria

Verifythatyouhavemetalloftheexitcriteriaforthedevelopmentphase,then
proceedtothepostmortemphase.
Continuedonnextpage

Program 1

October 2006

12

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Assignment instructions,
Postmortem
phase

Continued

ConductthepostmortemfollowingthePSP0postmortemscript.

PSP0PostmortemScript
Purpose
Entry Criteria

To guide the PSP postmortem process

- Problem description and requirements statement
- Project Plan Summary form with development time data
- Completed Time and Defect Recording logs
- A tested and running program

Step
1

Activities
Defect Recording

Defect Data
Consistency

Time

Description
- Review the Project Plan Summary to verify that all of the defects found
in each phase were recorded.
- Using your best recollection, record any omitted defects.
- Check that the data on every defect in the Defect Recording log are
accurate and complete.
- Verify that the numbers of defects injected and removed per phase are
reasonable and correct.
- Using your best recollection, correct any missing or incorrect defect data.
- Review the completed Time Recording log for errors or omissions.
- Using your best recollection, correct any missing or incomplete time
data.
- A thoroughly tested program
- Completed Project Plan Summary form
- Completed Time and Defect Recording logs

Exit Criteria

VerifythatyouhavemetalloftheexitcriteriaforthePSP0postmortemphase,then
submityourassignment.

Submittingyour
assignment

Whenyouvecompletedthepostmortemphase,submityourassignment
package,sourcecode,andtestresultstotheinstructor.
Theorderfortheassignmentpackageis
PSP0ProjectPlanSummaryform
TimeRecordinglog
DefectRecordinglog
sourceprogramlisting
testresults

Program 1

October 2006

13

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University

Guidelines and evaluation criteria for program 1

Evaluation
criteria

Yourprocessreportmustbe
complete
legible
inthespecifiedorder

Suggestions

Remember,youshouldcompletethisassignmenttoday.

Yourprocessdatamustbe
accurate
precise
selfconsistent

Keepyourprogramssimple.Youwilllearnasmuchfromdevelopingsmall
programsasfromlargeones.
Ifyouarenotsureaboutsomething,askyourinstructorforclarification.
Softwareisnotasolobusiness,soyoudonothavetoworkalone.
Youmust,however,produceyourownestimates,designs,code,and
completedformsandreports.
Youmayhaveothersreviewyourwork,andyoumaychangeitasaresult.
Youshouldnoteanyhelpyoureceivefromothersinyourprocessreport.
Logthereviewtimethatyouandyourassociatesspend,andlogthedefects
foundoranychangesmade.

Program 1

October 2006

14

2006 by Carnegie Mellon University