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    SPECIFICATIONS OF Box Girder

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    shubham sachan
    Box girder bridges have several advantages over other bridge types. They have high torsional stiffness which allows them to resist distortion from eccentric loads. As spans increase, box girders reduce dead load by removing unnecessary material. They evolved from earlier bridge designs as spans and widths increased, requiring a structure with greater torsional rigidity to resist distortion of the cross-section.

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    SPECIFICATIONS OF Box Girder

    Uploaded by

    shubham sachan
    159 views6 pages
    Box girder bridges have several advantages over other bridge types. They have high torsional stiffness which allows them to resist distortion from eccentric loads. As spans increase, box girders reduce dead load by removing unnecessary material. They evolved from earlier bridge designs as spans and widths increased, requiring a structure with greater torsional rigidity to resist distortion of the cross-section.

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    ADANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

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    Box girder bridges have several advantages over other bridge types. They have high torsional stiffness which allows them to resist distortion from eccentric loads. As spans increase, box girders reduce dead load by removing unnecessary material. They evolved from earlier bridge designs as spans and widths increased, requiring a structure with greater torsional rigidity to resist distortion of the cross-section.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    159 views6 pages

    SPECIFICATIONS OF Box Girder

    Uploaded by

    shubham sachan
    Box girder bridges have several advantages over other bridge types. They have high torsional stiffness which allows them to resist distortion from eccentric loads. As spans increase, box girders reduce dead load by removing unnecessary material. They evolved from earlier bridge designs as spans and widths increased, requiring a structure with greater torsional rigidity to resist distortion of the cross-section.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    BOX GIRDER SPECIFICATIONS,

    ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES


    Thecontinuingexpansionofhighwaynetworkthroughouttheworldislargelytheresult
    ofgreatincreaseintraffic,populationandextensivegrowthofmetropolitanurbanareas.
    Thisexpansionhasleadtomanychangesintheuseanddevelopmentofvariouskindsof
    bridges.Thebridgetypeisrelatedtoprovidingmaximumefficiencyofuseofmaterialand
    constructiontechnique,forparticularspan,andapplications.AsSpanincreases,deadload
    isanimportantincreasingfactor.Toreducethedeadload,unnecessarymaterial,whichis
    notutilizedtoitsfullcapacity,isremovedoutofsection,thisresultsintheshapeofbox
    girderorcellularstructures,dependinguponwhetherthesheardeformationscanbe
    neglectedornot.SpanrangeismoreforboxbridgegirderascomparetoTbeamGirder
    Bridgeresultingincomparativelylessernumberofpiersforthesamevalleywidthand
    henceresultsineconomy.
    Aboxgirderisformedwhentwowebplatesarejoinedbyacommonflangeatboththe
    topandthebottom.Theclosedcellwhichisformedhasamuchgreatertorsionalstiffness
    andstrengththananopensectionanditisthisfeaturewhichistheusualreasonfor
    choosingaboxgirderconfiguration.
    Boxgirdersarerarelyusedinbuildings(boxcolumnsaresometimesusedbuttheseare
    axiallyloadedratherthaninloadedinbending).Theymaybeusedinspecial
    circumstances,suchaswhenloadsarecarriedeccentricallytothebeamaxis
    Whentensionflangesoflongitudinalgirdersareconnectedtogether,theresulting
    structureiscalledaboxgirderbridge.
    Boxgirderscanbeuniversallyappliedfromthepointofviewofloadcarrying,totheir
    indifferenceastowhetherthebendingmomentsarepositiveornegativeandtotheir
    torsionalstiffnessfromthepointofviewofeconomy.


    Historicaldevelopmentanddescriptionofboxgirder:
    Thefirstboxgirdercrosssectionpossesseddeckslabsthatcantileveredoutonlyslightly
    fromtheboxportionshowninfigsatoe.Withtheprestressedconcretethelengthof
    cantilevercouldbeincreased.Thehighformworkcostscausedareductioninthenumber
    ofcellsfig(f,g,h).Inordertoreducetheconstructionloadstominimumpossibleextent
    ortorequireonlyonelongitudinalgirderinworkingstatesevenwithmultipletrafficlanes.
    Itwasonlywiththedevelopmentofhighstrengthprestressingsteelthatitbecame
    possibletospanlongerdistances.Thefirstprestressedconcretebridges,mostofIcross
    sectionswerebuilttowardstheendofthe1920s.Thegreatbreakthroughwasachieved
    onlyafter1945.THESCLAYNbridgeovertheriverMaas,whichwasbuiltbyMagnelin
    1948,wasthefirstcontinuousprestressedconcreteboxgirderbridgewith2spansof
    62.70m.Infollowingyearstheratioofwagestomaterialcostsclimbedsharply.This
    therebyshiftedtheemphasisofdevelopmentofconstructionmethod.Theboxgirder

    crosssectionevolvedstructurallyfromthehollowcelldeckbridgeorTbeamBridge.The
    wideningofthecompressionzonethatbeganasastructuralrequirementatthecentral
    pierswasintheextendedthroughouttheentirelengthofbridgebecauseofadvantages
    transverseloadcarryingcharacteristics.

    EvolutionofBoxGirder:
    Thespanningofbridgesstartedwithsimpleslabs.Asthespansincreased,thedesign
    depthofslabisalsoincreased.Itisknownthatmaterialnearcentreofgravitycontributes
    verylittleforflexureandhencecanberemoved.Thisleadstobeamandslabsystems.
    Thereinforcementinbottombulbofbeamprovidedcapacityfortensileforcesandtop
    slabconcrete,thecapacitytoresistthecompression.Theyformedacoupletoresist
    flexure.
    Asthewidthofslabisincreasedmorenumberoflongitudinalgirdersarerequired
    resultinginreductionofstiffnessofbeamsintransversedirectionandrelativelyhigh
    transversecurvature.Thewebsofbeamsgetopenedoutspreadingradiallyfromtopslab.
    Underhightransversebendingthesewillnolongerbeintheiroriginalposition.Tokeepit
    intheiroriginalpositionthebulbsatbottomshouldbetiedtogetherwhichinturnleadsto
    evolutionofboxgirder.Longspanswithwiderdecksandeccentricloadingoncross
    sectionwillsufferincurvatureinlongitudinalandtransversedirectioncausingheavy
    distortionofcrosssection.Hencethebridgesshouldhavehightorsionalrigidityinorder
    toresistthedistortionofcrosssectiondecktoaminimum.
    Accordinglyboxgirdersaremoresuitableforlargerspansandwiderdecks,boxgirders
    aretobesuitablecrosssection.Theyareelegantandslender.Economyandaesthetics

    furtherleadtoevolutionofcantileversintopflangesandinclinedwebsinexternalcellsof
    boxgirder.Thedimensionofcellcouldbecontrolledbyprestressing.
    Asthespanandwidthincreasesthebeamsandbottomslabsaretobetiedtokeepthe
    geometrywhichinturnleadstoevolutionboxgirder.
    Anyeccentricloadwillcausehightorsionalstresseswhichwillbecounteractedbythe
    boxsection.Theanalysisofsuchsectionsaremorecomplicatedduecombinationof
    flexure,shear,torsion,distortion.Butitismoreefficientcrosssection.Itisusedfor
    largerspanswithwidecrosssection.Itcanbeusedforspansupto150mdepending
    upontheconstructionmethods.Cantilevermethodofconstructionispreferredmost.
    AdvantagesAssociatedwithBoxGirders:
    Inrecentyears,singleormulticellreinforcedconcreteboxGirderBridgehavebeen
    proposedandwidelyusedaseconomicaestheticsolutionfortheovercrossings,under
    crossings,gradeseparationstructuresandviaductsfoundinmodernhighwaysystem.
    TheverylargeTorsionalrigidityoftheboxgirdersclosedcellularsectionprovides
    structuresbeneathismoreaestheticallypleasingthanopenwebtypesystem.
    Incaseoflongspanbridges,largewidthofdeckisavailabletoaccommodate
    prestressingcablesatbottomflangelevel.
    Interiorsofboxgirderbridgescanbeusedtoaccommodateservicesuchasgaspipes,
    watermainsetc.
    Forlargespans,bottomflangecouldbeusedasanotherdeckaccommodatestraffic
    also.
    Themaintenanceofboxgirderiseasierininteriorspaceisdirectlyaccessiblewithout
    useofscaffolding.
    Alternativelyspaceishermeticallysealedandenclosedairmaybedriedtoprovidea
    noncorrosiveatmosphere.
    Ithashighstructuralefficiencywhichminimizestheprestessingforcerequiredtoresist
    agivenbendingmoment,anditsgreatTorsionalstrengthwiththecapacitythisgives
    torecentreeccentricliveloads,minimizingtheprestressrequiredtocarrythem.
    Disadvantages:

    Oneofthemaindisadvantagesofboxdecksisthattheyaredifficulttocastinsitudueto
    theinaccessibilityofthebottomslabandtheneedtoextracttheinternalshutter.Either
    theboxhastobedesignedsothattheentirecrosssectionmaybecastinonecontinuous
    pour,orthecrosssectionhastobecastinstages.
    Specifications:
    Itcancoverarangeofspansfrom25muptothelargestnonsuspendedconcretedecks
    builtoftheorderof300m.Singleboxgirdersmayalsocarrydecksupto30mwide.For
    thelongerspanbeams,beyondabout50m,theyarepracticallytheonlyfeasibledeck
    section.Below30mprecastbeamsorvoidedslabdecksaremoresuitablewhileabove
    50masinglecellboxarrangementisusuallymoreeconomic.
    Singlecellboxgirdercastinsituareusedforspansform40mto270m.Thebox
    arrangementisdoneinordertogiveaestheticappearancewherethewebofboxwillact
    asaslenderappearancewhencombinedwithaslimparapetprofile.Singlebox
    arrangementsareefficientforboththelongitudinalandtransversedesigns,andthey
    produceaneconomicsolutionformotmediumandlongspanstructures.Thistypeofdeck
    isconstructedspanbyspan,usingfullheightscaffoldingortrusses,orasbalanced
    cantileverusingformtravelers.Thiscouldbeparticularlyimportantformediumlength
    bridgeswithspansbetween40mand55m.Suchspansaretoolongfortwinribtype
    decks,andtooshortforcastinsitubalancedcantileverconstructionofboxgirders,while
    atotallengthofboxsectiondeckoflessthanabout1,000mdoesnotjustifysettingupa
    precastsegmentalfacility.
    Haunches:
    Theuprightshavetocarrythesamebendingmomentasthehaunch,butwiththebenefit
    ofacompressionforceduetotheweightoftheroof.Thustheymaybeslightlythinner
    thanthehaunches.Haunchesarealwayseconomical.Theyprovidethetwinbenefitsof
    attractingmomentawayfrommidspanandthenprovidingagreaterleverarmtoresist
    thismomenteconomically.Evenveryshorthaunchesarevaluableinreducingthehogging
    reinforcement.

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