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Uniform Circular Motion

1) Uniform circular motion involves an object moving at a constant speed in a circular path, requiring an acceleration directed toward the center called centripetal acceleration. 2) Centripetal acceleration depends on the object's speed, the radius of the circular path, and the frequency of rotation. It can be provided by a centripetal force also directed toward the center. 3) Examples demonstrate calculating centripetal acceleration and force for various circular motion situations, including banked road curves and conical pendulums.

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Anne Margaret Almeda
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207 views11 pages

Uniform Circular Motion

1) Uniform circular motion involves an object moving at a constant speed in a circular path, requiring an acceleration directed toward the center called centripetal acceleration. 2) Centripetal acceleration depends on the object's speed, the radius of the circular path, and the frequency of rotation. It can be provided by a centripetal force also directed toward the center. 3) Examples demonstrate calculating centripetal acceleration and force for various circular motion situations, including banked road curves and conical pendulums.

Uploaded by

Anne Margaret Almeda
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

-a circular motion with constant speed, v.


Circular Motion - when the path taken by a moving object/
particle has a constant distance from a point. The distance
is called the radius(r) of the circular path.

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

v2 = v
v'1
acp

acp
v1 = v
acp

acp

acp

acp

v2

= v2 - v1

v = v2 - v1
= v2 + v'1

v
a =
t

Acceleration is directed
toward the center!
Centripetal/Radial
Acceleration

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

v2 = v
acp

acp

S
a
r cp

acp

acp

acp


v'1
v =

v2

v1 = v

v2 - v1

S
v
=
r
v
v S
v =
r
v
a =
t v
v S
a =
r t

a cp =

v2
r

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

a cp =

f - frequency(cycle/s or
Hertz, Hz)
1 cycle = 1 rev = 360o = 2 rad

2 rad

= f(cycle/s)
x1 cycle

= 2f
n =
= 2f
T
T - period(s/cycle or s)

v2
r

r
=
r

2
a cp = r

a cp = r 2f

2
2
a cp = 4r f
2
2
a cp = 4r n

a cp =

4r 2
T2

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

a cp =
S

v2
r

2
a cp = r

2
2
a cp = 4r f

2
2
a cp = 4r n

a cp =

4r 2
T2

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

Example 1. At t1 = 1.00 s, the acceleration of a particle moving at


constant speed in counterclockwise circular motion is
At t2 = 3.00 s (less than one period later), the acceleration is
The period is more than 4.00 s. What is the radius of the circle?
Example 2. A particle moves along a circular path over a horizontal xy
coordinate system, at a constant speed. At time t1 = 4.60 s, it is at point
(5.00 m, 7.00 m) with velocity, v1 = 2.20 m/s j and acceleration in the
positive x - direction. At time t2 = 11.80 s, it has velocity,
v2 = -2.20 m/s i and acceleration in the positive y - direction. What are
the (a) x and (b) y coordinates of the center of the circular path?
Assume at both times that the particle is on the same orbit.

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

F = 0ma

acp

acp

ma cpx
F cp =F
macpF cp==0ma
Fx = 0
acp

F = F cp

acp

ma
Centripetal Force
yis a
F
0
=
resultantFxforce,
vector
0
=
additiony of forces.
Fy = 0

acp

acp

Centripetal Force is also


directed toward the center
of the circular path!

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

Example 3. A student of weight 630 N rides a steadily rotating Ferris


wheel (the student sits upright). At the highest point, the magnitude of
the normal force on the student from the seat is 572 N. (a) What is the
magnitude of the normal force at the lowest point? What is the
magnitude of the normal force when the seat is 30o (b) above the
horizontal and (c) below the horizontal?

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

Example 4. The figure shows a conical pendulum, in which the bob


(the small object at the lower end of the cord) moves in a horizontal
circle at a constant speed. (The cord sweeps out a cone as the bob
rotates.) The bob has a mass of 0.020 kg and the string has length
L = 0.85 m and negligible mass. Determine (a) the tension in the string
(b) the period of the motion and the (c) the speed of rotation when the
string makes an angle 30o with the vertical while rotating.

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

Example 5. A circular curve of highway is designed for traffic moving


at 91 km/h. Assume the traffic consists of cars without negative lift. (a)
If the radius of the curve is 120 m, what is the correct angle of banking
of the road? (b) If the curve were not banked, what would be the
minimum coefficient of friction between tires and road that would keep
traffic from skidding out of the turn when traveling at 91 km/h?

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION(UCM)

Example 6. The turns at the Daytona International Speedway have a


maximum radius of 316 m and are banked at 31o. At what maximum
speed would the cars have to travel around them if (a) the cars will not
have to rely on friction, (b) the coefficient of friction between the road
and car wheels are averagely 0.40?

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