HAProxy Version 1.7-Dev1 - Configuration Manual

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Converted with haproxy-dconv v0.3.1-39 on 2015/12/21
HAProxy
Configuration Manual
version 1.7-dev1
willy tarreau
2015/12/20
This document covers the configuration language as implemented in the version
specified above. It does not provide any hint, example or advice. For such
documentation, please refer to the Reference Manual or the Architecture Manual.
The summary below is meant to help you search sections by name and navigate
through the document.
Note to documentation contributors :
This document is formatted with 80 columns per line, with even number of
spaces for indentation and without tabs. Please follow these rules strictly
so that it remains easily printable everywhere. If a line needs to be
printed verbatim and does not fit, please end each line with a backslash
('\') and continue on next line, indented by two characters. It is also
sometimes useful to prefix all output lines (logs, console outs) with 3
closing angle brackets ('>>>') in order to help get the difference between
inputs and outputs when it can become ambiguous. If you add sections,
please update the summary below for easier searching.
Summary
Quick reminder about HTTP
1.1. The HTTP transaction model
1.2. HTTP request
1.2.1. The Request line
1.2.2. The request headers
1.3. HTTP response
1.3.1. The Response line
1.3.2. The response headers
1.
2.5.
Configuring HAProxy
Configuration file format
Quoting and escaping
Environment variables
Time format
Examples
3.
Global parameters
2.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
Process management and security

Performance tuning
Debugging
Userlists
Peers
Mailers
Proxies
4.1. Proxy keywords matrix
4.2. Alphabetically sorted keywords reference
4.
Bind and Server options

5.1. Bind options
5.2. Server and default-server options
5.3. Server DNS resolution
5.3.1. Global overview
5.3.2. The resolvers section
5.
6.
HTTP header manipulation
Using ACLs and fetching samples

7.1. ACL basics
7.1.1. Matching booleans
7.1.2. Matching integers
7.1.3. Matching strings
7.1.4. Matching regular expressions (regexes)
7.1.5. Matching arbitrary data blocks
7.1.6. Matching IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
7.2. Using ACLs to form conditions
7.3. Fetching samples
7.3.1. Converters
7.3.2. Fetching samples from internal states
7.3.3. Fetching samples at Layer 4
7.3.5. Fetching samples from buffer contents (Layer 6)
7.3.6. Fetching HTTP samples (Layer 7)
7.4. Pre-defined ACLs
7.
Logging
8.1. Log levels
8.2. Log formats
8.2.1. Default log format
8.2.2. TCP log format
8.2.3. HTTP log format
8.2.4. Custom log format
8.2.5. Error log format
8.3. Advanced logging options
8.3.1. Disabling logging of external tests
8.3.2. Logging before waiting for the session to terminate
8.3.3. Raising log level upon errors
8.3.4. Disabling logging of successful connections
8.4. Timing events
8.5. Session state at disconnection
8.6. Non-printable characters
8.7. Capturing HTTP cookies
8.8. Capturing HTTP headers
8.9. Examples of logs
8.
1. Quick reminder about HTTP

When haproxy is running in HTTP mode, both the request and the response are
fully analyzed and indexed, thus it becomes possible to build matching criteria
on almost anything found in the contents.
However, it is important to understand how HTTP requests and responses are
formed, and how HAProxy decomposes them. It will then become easier to write
correct rules and to debug existing configurations.
1.1.
The HTTP transaction model
The HTTP protocol is transaction-driven. This means that each request will lead
to one and only one response. Traditionally, a TCP connection is established
from the client to the server, a request is sent by the client on the
connection, the server responds and the connection is closed. A new request
will involve a new connection :
[CON1] [REQ1] ... [RESP1] [CLO1] [CON2] [REQ2] ... [RESP2] [CLO2] ...
In this mode, called the "HTTP close" mode, there are as many connection
establishments as there are HTTP transactions. Since the connection is closed
by the server after the response, the client does not need to know the content
length.
Due to the transactional nature of the protocol, it was possible to improve it
to avoid closing a connection between two subsequent transactions. In this mode
however, it is mandatory that the server indicates the content length for each
response so that the client does not wait indefinitely. For this, a special
header is used: "Content-length". This mode is called the "keep-alive" mode :
[CON] [REQ1] ... [RESP1] [REQ2] ... [RESP2] [CLO] ...
Its advantages are a reduced latency between transactions, and less processing
power required on the server side. It is generally better than the close mode,
but not always because the clients often limit their concurrent connections to
a smaller value.
A last improvement in the communications is the pipelining mode. It still uses
keep-alive, but the client does not wait for the first response to send the
second request. This is useful for fetching large number of images composing a
page :
[CON] [REQ1] [REQ2] ... [RESP1] [RESP2] [CLO] ...
This can obviously have a tremendous benefit on performance because the network
latency is eliminated between subsequent requests. Many HTTP agents do not
correctly support pipelining since there is no way to associate a response with
the corresponding request in HTTP. For this reason, it is mandatory for the
server to reply in the exact same order as the requests were received.
By default HAProxy operates in keep-alive mode with regards to persistent
connections: for each connection it processes each request and response, and
leaves the connection idle on both sides between the end of a response and the
start of a new request.
HAProxy supports 5 connection modes :
- keep alive
: all requests and responses are processed (default)
- tunnel
: only the first request and response are processed,
everything else is forwarded with no analysis.
- passive close : tunnel with "Connection: close" added in both directions.
- server close : the server-facing connection is closed after the response.
- forced close : the connection is actively closed after end of response.
1.2.
HTTP request
First, let's consider this HTTP request :

Line
number
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
GET /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.mydomain.com
User-agent: my small browser
Accept: image/jpeg, image/gif
Accept: image/png
1.2.1. The Request line

Line 1 is the "request line". It is always composed of 3 fields :
- a METHOD
: GET
- a URI
: /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2
- a version tag : HTTP/1.1
All of them are delimited by what the standard calls LWS (linear white spaces),
which are commonly spaces, but can also be tabs or line feeds/carriage returns
followed by spaces/tabs. The method itself cannot contain any colon (':') and
is limited to alphabetic letters. All those various combinations make it
desirable that HAProxy performs the splitting itself rather than leaving it to
the user to write a complex or inaccurate regular expression.
The URI itself can have several forms :
- A "relative URI" :
/serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2
It is a complete URL without the host part. This is generally what is
received by servers, reverse proxies and transparent proxies.
- An "absolute URI", also called a "URL" :
http://192.168.0.12:8080/serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2
It is composed of a "scheme" (the protocol name followed by '://'), a host
name or address, optionally a colon (':') followed by a port number, then
a relative URI beginning at the first slash ('/') after the address part.
This is generally what proxies receive, but a server supporting HTTP/1.1
must accept this form too.
- a star ('*') : this form is only accepted in association with the OPTIONS
method and is not relayable. It is used to inquiry a next hop's
capabilities.
- an address:port combination : 192.168.0.12:80
This is used with the CONNECT method, which is used to establish TCP
tunnels through HTTP proxies, generally for HTTPS, but sometimes for
other protocols too.
In a relative URI, two sub-parts are identified. The part before the question
mark is called the "path". It is typically the relative path to static objects
on the server. The part after the question mark is called the "query string".
It is mostly used with GET requests sent to dynamic scripts and is very
specific to the language, framework or application in use.
1.2.2. The request headers

The headers start at the second line. They are composed of a name at the
beginning of the line, immediately followed by a colon (':'). Traditionally,
an LWS is added after the colon but that's not required. Then come the values.
Multiple identical headers may be folded into one single line, delimiting the
values with commas, provided that their order is respected. This is commonly
encountered in the "Cookie:" field. A header may span over multiple lines if
the subsequent lines begin with an LWS. In the example in 1.2, lines 4 and 5
define a total of 3 values for the "Accept:" header.
Contrary to a common mis-conception, header names are not case-sensitive, and
their values are not either if they refer to other header names (such as the
"Connection:" header).
The end of the headers is indicated by the first empty line. People often say
that it's a double line feed, which is not exact, even if a double line feed
is one valid form of empty line.
Fortunately, HAProxy takes care of all these complex combinations when indexing
headers, checking values and counting them, so there is no reason to worry
about the way they could be written, but it is important not to accuse an
application of being buggy if it does unusual, valid things.
Important note:
As suggested by RFC2616, HAProxy normalizes headers by replacing line breaks
in the middle of headers by LWS in order to join multi-line headers. This
is necessary for proper analysis and helps less capable HTTP parsers to work
correctly and not to be fooled by such complex constructs.
1.3.
HTTP response
An HTTP response looks very much like an HTTP request. Both are called HTTP
messages. Let's consider this HTTP response :
Line
number
1
2
3
Contents
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-length: 350
Content-Type: text/html
As a special case, HTTP supports so called "Informational responses" as status

codes 1xx. These messages are special in that they don't convey any part of the
response, they're just used as sort of a signaling message to ask a client to
continue to post its request for instance. In the case of a status 100 response
the requested information will be carried by the next non-100 response message
following the informational one. This implies that multiple responses may be
sent to a single request, and that this only works when keep-alive is enabled
(1xx messages are HTTP/1.1 only). HAProxy handles these messages and is able to
correctly forward and skip them, and only process the next non-100 response. As
such, these messages are neither logged nor transformed, unless explicitly
state otherwise. Status 101 messages indicate that the protocol is changing
over the same connection and that haproxy must switch to tunnel mode, just as
if a CONNECT had occurred. Then the Upgrade header would contain additional
information about the type of protocol the connection is switching to.
1.3.1. The Response line

Line 1 is the "response line". It is always composed of 3 fields :
- a version tag : HTTP/1.1
- a status code : 200
- a reason
: OK
The status code is always 3-digit. The first digit indicates a general status :
- 1xx = informational message to be skipped (eg: 100, 101)
- 2xx = OK, content is following
(eg: 200, 206)
- 3xx = OK, no content following
(eg: 302, 304)
- 4xx = error caused by the client (eg: 401, 403, 404)
- 5xx = error caused by the server (eg: 500, 502, 503)
Please refer to RFC2616 for the detailed meaning of all such codes. The
"reason" field is just a hint, but is not parsed by clients. Anything can be
found there, but it's a common practice to respect the well-established
messages. It can be composed of one or multiple words, such as "OK", "Found",
or "Authentication Required".
Haproxy may emit the following status codes by itself :
Code
200
301
302
303
307
308
400
401
403
408
500
When / reason
access to stats page, and when replying to monitoring requests
when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code
for an invalid or too large request
when an authentication is required to perform the action (when
accessing the stats page)
when a request is forbidden by a "block" ACL or "reqdeny" filter
when the request timeout strikes before the request is complete
when haproxy encounters an unrecoverable internal error, such as a
memory allocation failure, which should never happen
502
when the server returns an empty, invalid or incomplete response, or

when an "rspdeny" filter blocks the response.
when no server was available to handle the request, or in response to
monitoring requests which match the "monitor fail" condition
when the response timeout strikes before the server responds
503
504
The error 4xx and 5xx codes above may be customized (see "errorloc" in section
4.2).
1.3.2. The response headers

Response headers work exactly like request headers, and as such, HAProxy uses
the same parsing function for both. Please refer to paragraph 1.2.2 for more
details.
2. Configuring HAProxy
2.1.
Configuration file format
HAProxy's configuration process involves 3 major sources of parameters :

- the arguments from the command-line, which always take precedence
- the "global" section, which sets process-wide parameters
- the proxies sections which can take form of "defaults", "listen",
"frontend" and "backend".
The configuration file syntax consists in lines beginning with a keyword
referenced in this manual, optionally followed by one or several parameters
delimited by spaces.
2.2.
Quoting and escaping
HAProxy's configuration introduces a quoting and escaping system similar to

many programming languages. The configuration file supports 3 types: escaping
with a backslash, weak quoting with double quotes, and strong quoting with
single quotes.
If spaces have to be entered in strings, then they must be escaped by preceding
them by a backslash ('\') or by quoting them. Backslashes also have to be
escaped by doubling or strong quoting them.
Escaping is achieved by preceding a special character by a backslash ('\'):
\
\#
\\
\'
\"
to
to
to
to
to
mark a space and differentiate it from a delimiter

mark a hash and differentiate it from a comment
use a backslash
use a single quote and differentiate it from strong quoting
use a double quote and differentiate it from weak quoting
Weak quoting is achieved by using double quotes (""). Weak quoting prevents
the interpretation of:
'
#
space as a parameter separator

single quote as a strong quoting delimiter
hash as a comment start
Weak quoting permits the interpretation of variables, if you want to use a non
-interpreted dollar within a double quoted string, you should escape it with a
backslash ("\$"), it does not work outside weak quoting.
Interpretation of escaping and special characters are not prevented by weak
quoting.
Strong quoting is achieved by using single quotes (''). Inside single quotes,
nothing is interpreted, it's the efficient way to quote regexes.
Quoted and escaped strings are replaced in memory by their interpreted
equivalent, it allows you to perform concatenation.
Example:
# those are equivalents:
log-format %{+Q}o\ %t\ %s\ %{-Q}r
log-format "%{+Q}o %t %s %{-Q}r"
log-format '%{+Q}o %t %s %{-Q}r'
log-format "%{+Q}o %t"' %s %{-Q}r'
log-format "%{+Q}o %t"' %s'\ %{-Q}r
# those are equivalents:
reqrep "^([^\ :]*)\ /static/(.*)"
reqrep "^([^ :]*)\ /static/(.*)"
reqrep "^([^ :]*)\ /static/(.*)"
reqrep "^([^ :]*)\ /static/(.*)"
2.3.
\1\ /\2
'\1 /\2'
"\1 /\2"
"\1\ /\2"
Environment variables
HAProxy's configuration supports environment variables. Those variables are

interpreted only within double quotes. Variables are expanded during the
configuration parsing. Variable names must be preceded by a dollar ("$") and
optionally enclosed with braces ("{}") similarly to what is done in Bourne
shell. Variable names can contain alphanumerical characters or the character
underscore ("_") but should not start with a digit.
Example:
bind "fd@${FD_APP1}"
log "${LOCAL_SYSLOG}:514" local0 notice
# send to local server
user "$HAPROXY_USER"
2.4.
Time format
Some parameters involve values representing time, such as timeouts. These

values are generally expressed in milliseconds (unless explicitly stated
otherwise) but may be expressed in any other unit by suffixing the unit to the
numeric value. It is important to consider this because it will not be repeated
for every keyword. Supported units are :
-
2.4.
us
ms
s
m
h
d
:
:
:
:
:
:
microseconds.
milliseconds.
seconds. 1s =
minutes. 1m =
hours.
1h =
days.
1d =
1 microsecond
1 millisecond
1000ms
60s = 60000ms
60m = 3600s =
24h = 1440m =
= 1/1000000 second
= 1/1000 second. This is the default.
3600000ms
86400s = 86400000ms
Examples
# Simple configuration for an HTTP proxy listening on port 80 on all
# interfaces and forwarding requests to a single backend "servers" with a
# single server "server1" listening on 127.0.0.1:8000
global
daemon
maxconn 256
defaults
mode http
timeout connect 5000ms
timeout client 50000ms
timeout server 50000ms
frontend http-in
bind *:80
default_backend servers
backend servers
server server1 127.0.0.1:8000 maxconn 32
# The same configuration defined with a single listen block. Shorter but
# less expressive, especially in HTTP mode.
global
daemon
maxconn 256
defaults
mode http
timeout connect 5000ms
timeout client 50000ms
timeout server 50000ms
listen http-in
bind *:80
server server1 127.0.0.1:8000 maxconn 32
Assuming haproxy is in $PATH, test these configurations in a shell with:

$ sudo haproxy -f configuration.conf -c
3. Global parameters
Parameters in the "global" section are process-wide and often OS-specific. They
are generally set once for all and do not need being changed once correct. Some
of them have command-line equivalents.
The following keywords are supported in the "global" section :
* Process management and security
- ca-base
- chroot
- crt-base
- cpu-map
- daemon
- description
- deviceatlas-json-file
- deviceatlas-log-level
- deviceatlas-separator
- deviceatlas-properties-cookie
- external-check
- gid
- group
- log
- log-tag
- log-send-hostname
- lua-load
- nbproc
- node
- pidfile
- uid
- ulimit-n
- user
- stats
- ssl-default-bind-ciphers
ssl-default-bind-options
ssl-default-server-ciphers
ssl-default-server-options
ssl-dh-param-file
ssl-server-verify
unix-bind
51degrees-data-file
51degrees-property-name-list
51degrees-property-separator
51degrees-cache-size
* Performance tuning
- max-spread-checks
- maxconn
- maxconnrate
- maxcomprate
- maxcompcpuusage
- maxpipes
- maxsessrate
- maxsslconn
- maxsslrate
- maxzlibmem
- noepoll
- nokqueue
- nopoll
- nosplice
- nogetaddrinfo
- spread-checks
- server-state-base
- server-state-file
- tune.buffers.limit
- tune.buffers.reserve
- tune.bufsize
- tune.chksize
- tune.comp.maxlevel
- tune.http.cookielen
- tune.http.maxhdr
- tune.idletimer
- tune.lua.forced-yield
- tune.lua.maxmem
- tune.lua.session-timeout
- tune.lua.task-timeout
- tune.lua.service-timeout
- tune.maxaccept
- tune.maxpollevents
- tune.maxrewrite
- tune.pattern.cache-size
- tune.pipesize
- tune.rcvbuf.client
- tune.rcvbuf.server
- tune.recv_enough
- tune.sndbuf.client
- tune.sndbuf.server
- tune.ssl.cachesize
- tune.ssl.lifetime
- tune.ssl.force-private-cache
- tune.ssl.maxrecord
- tune.ssl.default-dh-param
- tune.ssl.ssl-ctx-cache-size
- tune.vars.global-max-size
- tune.vars.reqres-max-size
- tune.vars.sess-max-size
- tune.vars.txn-max-size
- tune.zlib.memlevel
- tune.zlib.windowsize
* Debugging
- debug
- quiet
3.1.
ca-base <dir>
Assigns a default directory to fetch SSL CA certificates and CRLs from when a
relative path is used with "ca-file
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options
" or "crl-file
Bind options
" directives. Absolute
locations specified in "ca-file
Bind options
" and "crl-file
Bind options
" prevail and ignore "ca-base".
chroot <jail dir>
Changes current directory to <jail dir> and performs a chroot() there before
dropping privileges. This increases the security level in case an unknown
vulnerability would be exploited, since it would make it very hard for the
attacker to exploit the system. This only works when the process is started
with superuser privileges. It is important to ensure that <jail_dir> is both
empty and unwritable to anyone.
cpu-map <"all"|"odd"|"even"|process_num> <cpu-set>...

On Linux 2.6 and above, it is possible to bind a process to a specific CPU
set. This means that the process will never run on other CPUs. The "cpu-map"
directive specifies CPU sets for process sets. The first argument is the
process number to bind. This process must have a number between 1 and 32 or
64, depending on the machine's word size, and any process IDs above nbproc
are ignored. It is possible to specify all processes at once using "all",
only odd numbers using "odd" or even numbers using "even", just like with the
"bind-process" directive. The second and forthcoming arguments are CPU sets.
Each CPU set is either a unique number between 0 and 31 or 63 or a range with
two such numbers delimited by a dash ('-'). Multiple CPU numbers or ranges
may be specified, and the processes will be allowed to bind to all of them.
Obviously, multiple "cpu-map" directives may be specified. Each "cpu-map"
directive will replace the previous ones when they overlap.
crt-base <dir>
Assigns a default directory to fetch SSL certificates from when a relative
path is used with "crtfile" directives. Absolute locations specified after
"crtfile" prevail and ignore "crt-base".
daemon
Makes the process fork into background. This is the recommended mode of
operation. It is equivalent to the command line "-D" argument. It can be
disabled by the command line "-db" argument.
deviceatlas-json-file <path>
Sets the path of the DeviceAtlas JSON data file to be loaded by the API.
The path must be a valid JSON data file and accessible by Haproxy process.
deviceatlas-log-level <value>
Sets the level of informations returned by the API. This directive is
optional and set to 0 by default if not set.
deviceatlas-separator <char>
Sets the character separator for the API properties results. This directive
is optional and set to | by default if not set.
deviceatlas-properties-cookie <name>
Sets the client cookie's name used for the detection if the DeviceAtlas
Client-side component was used during the request. This directive is optional
and set to DAPROPS by default if not set.
external-check
Allows the use of an external agent to perform health checks.
This is disabled by default as a security precaution.
See "option external-check".
gid <number>
Changes the process' group ID to <number>. It is recommended that the group
ID is dedicated to HAProxy or to a small set of similar daemons. HAProxy must
be started with a user belonging to this group, or with superuser privileges.
Note that if haproxy is started from a user having supplementary groups, it
will only be able to drop these groups if started with superuser privileges.
See also "group
Userlists
Bind options
" and "uid
Bind options
".
group <group name>

Similar to "gid
Bind options
" but uses the GID of group name <group name> from /etc/group.
See also "gid
Bind options
" and "user
Userlists
Bind options
".
log <address> [len <length>] [format <format>] <facility> [max level [min level]]
Adds a global syslog server. Up to two global servers can be defined. They
will receive logs for startups and exits, as well as all logs from proxies
configured with "log global".
<address> can be one of:
- An IPv4 address optionally followed by a colon and a UDP port. If
no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the standard syslog
port).
- An IPv6 address followed by a colon and optionally a UDP port. If
no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the standard syslog
port).
- A filesystem path to a UNIX domain socket, keeping in mind
considerations for chroot (be sure the path is accessible inside
the chroot) and uid/gid (be sure the path is appropriately
writeable).
You may want to reference some environment variables in the address
parameter, see section 2.3 about environment variables.
<length> is an optional maximum line length. Log lines larger than this value
will be truncated before being sent. The reason is that syslog
servers act differently on log line length. All servers support the
default value of 1024, but some servers simply drop larger lines
while others do log them. If a server supports long lines, it may
make sense to set this value here in order to avoid truncating long
lines. Similarly, if a server drops long lines, it is preferable to
truncate them before sending them. Accepted values are 80 to 65535
inclusive. The default value of 1024 is generally fine for all
standard usages. Some specific cases of long captures or
JSON-formated logs may require larger values.
<format> is the log format used when generating syslog messages. It may be
one of the following :
rfc3164
The RFC3164 syslog message format. This is the default.

(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3164)
rfc5424
The RFC5424 syslog message format.

(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5424)
<facility> must be one of the 24 standard syslog facilities :

kern
user
mail
daemon auth
syslog lpr
news
uucp
cron
auth2 ftp
ntp
audit alert cron2
local0 local1 local2 local3 local4 local5 local6 local7
An optional level can be specified to filter outgoing messages. By default,
all messages are sent. If a maximum level is specified, only messages with a
severity at least as important as this level will be sent. An optional minimum
level can be specified. If it is set, logs emitted with a more severe level
than this one will be capped to this level. This is used to avoid sending
"emerg" messages on all terminals on some default syslog configurations.
Eight levels are known :
emerg
alert
crit
err
warning notice info
debug
log-send-hostname [<string>]
Sets the hostname field in the syslog header. If optional "string" parameter
is set the header is set to the string contents, otherwise uses the hostname
of the system. Generally used if one is not relaying logs through an
intermediate syslog server or for simply customizing the hostname printed in
the logs.
log-tag <string>
Sets the tag field in the syslog header to this string. It defaults to the
program name as launched from the command line, which usually is "haproxy".
Sometimes it can be useful to differentiate between multiple processes
running on the same host. See also the per-proxy "log-tag
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference
" directive.
lua-load <file>
This global directive loads and executes a Lua file. This directive can be
used multiple times.
nbproc <number>
Creates <number> processes when going daemon. This requires the "daemon"
mode. By default, only one process is created, which is the recommended mode
of operation. For systems limited to small sets of file descriptors per
process, it may be needed to fork multiple daemons. USING MULTIPLE PROCESSES
IS HARDER TO DEBUG AND IS REALLY DISCOURAGED. See also "daemon".
pidfile <pidfile>
Writes pids of all daemons into file <pidfile>. This option is equivalent to
the "-p" command line argument. The file must be accessible to the user
starting the process. See also "daemon".
stats bind-process [ all | odd | even | <number 1-64>[-<number 1-64>] ] ...
Limits the stats socket to a certain set of processes numbers. By default the
stats socket is bound to all processes, causing a warning to be emitted when
nbproc is greater than 1 because there is no way to select the target process
when connecting. However, by using this setting, it becomes possible to pin
the stats socket to a specific set of processes, typically the first one. The
warning will automatically be disabled when this setting is used, whatever
the number of processes used. The maximum process ID depends on the machine's
word size (32 or 64). A better option consists in using the "process" setting
of the "stats socket" line to force the process on each line.
server-state-base <directory>
Specifies the directory prefix to be prepended in front of all servers state
file names which do not start with a '/'. See also "server-state-file",
"load-server-state-from-file" and "server-state-file-name".
server-state-file <file>
Specifies the path to the file containing state of servers. If the path starts
with a slash ('/'), it is considered absolute, otherwise it is considered
relative to the directory specified using "server-state-base" (if set) or to
the current directory. Before reloading HAProxy, it is possible to save the
servers' current state using the stats command "show servers state". The
output of this command must be written in the file pointed by <file>. When
starting up, before handling traffic, HAProxy will read, load and apply state
for each server found in the file and available in its current running
configuration. See also "server-state-base" and "show servers state",
"load-server-state-from-file" and "server-state-file-name"
ssl-default-bind-ciphers <ciphers>
This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets
the default string describing the list of cipher algorithms ("cipher suite")
that are negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake for all "bind" lines which
do not explicitly define theirs. The format of the string is defined in
"man 1 ciphers" from OpenSSL man pages, and can be for instance a string such
as "AES:ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL:+RC4:@STRENGTH" (without quotes). Please check the
"bind" keyword for more information.
ssl-default-bind-options [<option>]...
default ssl-options to force on all "bind" lines. Please check the "bind"
keyword to see available options.
Example:
global
ssl-default-bind-options no-sslv3 no-tls-tickets
ssl-default-server-ciphers <ciphers>
This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It
sets the default string describing the list of cipher algorithms that are
negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake with the server, for all "server"
lines which do not explicitly define theirs. The format of the string is
defined in "man 1 ciphers". Please check the "server" keyword for more
information.
ssl-default-server-options [<option>]...
default ssl-options to force on all "server" lines. Please check the "server"
keyword to see available options.
ssl-dh-param-file <file>
the default DH parameters that are used during the SSL/TLS handshake when
ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) key exchange is used, for all "bind" lines
which do not explicitely define theirs. It will be overridden by custom DH
parameters found in a bind certificate file if any. If custom DH parameters
are not specified either by using ssl-dh-param-file or by setting them
directly in the certificate file, pre-generated DH parameters of the size
specified by tune.ssl.default-dh-param will be used. Custom parameters are
known to be more secure and therefore their use is recommended.
Custom DH parameters may be generated by using the OpenSSL command
"openssl dhparam <size>", where size should be at least 2048, as 1024-bit DH
parameters should not be considered secure anymore.
ssl-server-verify [none|required]
The default behavior for SSL verify on servers side. If specified to 'none',
servers certificates are not verified. The default is 'required' except if
forced using cmdline option '-dV'.
stats socket [<address:port>|<path>] [param*]

Binds a UNIX socket
Connections to this
allow some commands
consult section 9.2
details.
to <path> or a TCPv4/v6 address to <address:port>.

socket will return various statistics outputs and even
to be issued to change some runtime settings. Please
"Unix Socket commands" of Management Guide for more
All parameters supported by "bind" lines are supported, for instance to

restrict access to some users or their access rights. Please consult
section 5.1 for more information.
stats timeout <timeout, in milliseconds>

The default timeout on the stats socket is set to 10 seconds. It is possible
to change this value with "stats timeout". The value must be passed in
milliseconds, or be suffixed by a time unit among { us, ms, s, m, h, d }.
stats maxconn <connections>

By default, the stats socket is limited to 10 concurrent connections. It is
possible to change this value with "stats maxconn".
uid <number>
Changes the process' user ID to <number>. It is recommended that the user ID
is dedicated to HAProxy or to a small set of similar daemons. HAProxy must
be started with superuser privileges in order to be able to switch to another
one. See also "gid
Bind options
" and "user
Userlists
Bind options
".
ulimit-n <number>
Sets the maximum number of per-process file-descriptors to <number>. By
default, it is automatically computed, so it is recommended not to use this
option.
unix-bind [ prefix <prefix> ] [ mode <mode> ] [ user <user> ] [ uid <uid> ] [ group <group> ] [ gid <gid> ]
Fixes common settings to UNIX listening sockets declared in "bind" statements.
This is mainly used to simplify declaration of those UNIX sockets and reduce
the risk of errors, since those settings are most commonly required but are
also process-specific. The <prefix> setting can be used to force all socket
path to be relative to that directory. This might be needed to access another
component's chroot. Note that those paths are resolved before haproxy chroots
itself, so they are absolute. The <mode>, <user>, <uid>, <group> and <gid>
all have the same meaning as their homonyms used by the "bind" statement. If
both are specified, the "bind" statement has priority, meaning that the
"unix-bind" settings may be seen as process-wide default settings.
user <user name>

Similar to "uid
Bind options
" but uses the UID of user name <user name> from /etc/passwd.
See also "uid
Bind options
" and "group
Userlists
Bind options
".
node <name>
Only letters, digits, hyphen and underscore are allowed, like in DNS names.
This statement is useful in HA configurations where two or more processes or
servers share the same IP address. By setting a different node-name on all
nodes, it becomes easy to immediately spot what server is handling the
traffic.
description <text>
Add a text that describes the instance.
Please note that it is required to escape certain characters (# for example)
and this text is inserted into a html page so you should avoid using
"<" and ">" characters.
51degrees-data-file <file path>

The path of the 51Degrees data file to provide device detection services. The
file should be unzipped and accessible by HAProxy with relevavnt permissions.
Please note that this option is only available when haproxy has been
compiled with USE_51DEGREES.
51degrees-property-name-list [<string>]
A list of 51Degrees property names to be load from the dataset. A full list
of names is available on the 51Degrees website:
https://51degrees.com/resources/property-dictionary
51degrees-property-separator <char>
A char that will be appended to every property value in a response header
containing 51Degrees results. If not set that will be set as ','.
51degrees-cache-size <number>
Sets the size of the 51Degrees converter cache to <number> entries. This
is an LRU cache which reminds previous device detections and their results.
By default, this cache is disabled.
3.2.
Performance tuning
max-spread-checks <delay in milliseconds>

By default, haproxy tries to spread the start of health checks across the
smallest health check interval of all the servers in a farm. The principle is
to avoid hammering services running on the same server. But when using large
check intervals (10 seconds or more), the last servers in the farm take some
time before starting to be tested, which can be a problem. This parameter is
used to enforce an upper bound on delay between the first and the last check,
even if the servers' check intervals are larger. When servers run with
shorter intervals, their intervals will be respected though.
maxconn <number>
Sets the maximum per-process number of concurrent connections to <number>. It
is equivalent to the command-line argument "-n". Proxies will stop accepting
connections when this limit is reached. The "ulimit-n" parameter is
automatically adjusted according to this value. See also "ulimit-n". Note:
the "select" poller cannot reliably use more than 1024 file descriptors on
some platforms. If your platform only supports select and reports "select
FAILED" on startup, you need to reduce maxconn until it works (slightly
below 500 in general). If this value is not set, it will default to the value
set in DEFAULT_MAXCONN at build time (reported in haproxy -vv) if no memory
limit is enforced, or will be computed based on the memory limit, the buffer
size, memory allocated to compression, SSL cache size, and use or not of SSL
and the associated maxsslconn (which can also be automatic).
maxconnrate <number>
Sets the maximum per-process number of connections per second to <number>.
Proxies will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It can be
used to limit the global capacity regardless of each frontend capacity. It is
important to note that this can only be used as a service protection measure,
as there will not necessarily be a fair share between frontends when the
limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each frontend to some
value close to its expected share. Also, lowering tune.maxaccept can improve
fairness.
maxcomprate <number>
Sets the maximum per-process input compression rate to <number> kilobytes
per second. For each session, if the maximum is reached, the compression
level will be decreased during the session. If the maximum is reached at the
beginning of a session, the session will not compress at all. If the maximum
is not reached, the compression level will be increased up to
tune.comp.maxlevel. A value of zero means there is no limit, this is the
default value.
maxcompcpuusage <number>
Sets the maximum CPU usage HAProxy can reach before stopping the compression
for new requests or decreasing the compression level of current requests.
It works like 'maxcomprate' but measures CPU usage instead of incoming data
bandwidth. The value is expressed in percent of the CPU used by haproxy. In
case of multiple processes (nbproc > 1), each process manages its individual
usage. A value of 100 disable the limit. The default value is 100. Setting
a lower value will prevent the compression work from slowing the whole
process down and from introducing high latencies.
maxpipes <number>
Sets the maximum per-process number of pipes to <number>. Currently, pipes
are only used by kernel-based tcp splicing. Since a pipe contains two file
descriptors, the "ulimit-n" value will be increased accordingly. The default
value is maxconn/4, which seems to be more than enough for most heavy usages.
The splice code dynamically allocates and releases pipes, and can fall back
to standard copy, so setting this value too low may only impact performance.
maxsessrate <number>
Sets the maximum per-process number of sessions per second to <number>.
Proxies will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It can be
used to limit the global capacity regardless of each frontend capacity. It is
important to note that this can only be used as a service protection measure,
as there will not necessarily be a fair share between frontends when the
limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each frontend to some
value close to its expected share. Also, lowering tune.maxaccept can improve
fairness.
maxsslconn <number>
Sets the maximum per-process number of concurrent SSL connections to
<number>. By default there is no SSL-specific limit, which means that the
global maxconn setting will apply to all connections. Setting this limit
avoids having openssl use too much memory and crash when malloc returns NULL
(since it unfortunately does not reliably check for such conditions). Note
that the limit applies both to incoming and outgoing connections, so one
connection which is deciphered then ciphered accounts for 2 SSL connections.
If this value is not set, but a memory limit is enforced, this value will be
automatically computed based on the memory limit, maxconn, the buffer size,
memory allocated to compression, SSL cache size, and use of SSL in either
frontends, backends or both. If neither maxconn nor maxsslconn are specified
when there is a memory limit, haproxy will automatically adjust these values
so that 100% of the connections can be made over SSL with no risk, and will
consider the sides where it is enabled (frontend, backend, both).
maxsslrate <number>
Sets the maximum per-process number of SSL sessions per second to <number>.
SSL listeners will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It
can be used to limit the global SSL CPU usage regardless of each frontend
capacity. It is important to note that this can only be used as a service
protection measure, as there will not necessarily be a fair share between
frontends when the limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each
frontend to some value close to its expected share. It is also important to
note that the sessions are accounted before they enter the SSL stack and not
after, which also protects the stack against bad handshakes. Also, lowering
tune.maxaccept can improve fairness.
maxzlibmem <number>
Sets the maximum amount of RAM in megabytes per process usable by the zlib.
When the maximum amount is reached, future sessions will not compress as long
as RAM is unavailable. When sets to 0, there is no limit.
The default value is 0. The value is available in bytes on the UNIX socket
with "show info" on the line "MaxZlibMemUsage", the memory used by zlib is
"ZlibMemUsage" in bytes.
noepoll
Disables the use of the "epoll" event polling system on Linux. It is
equivalent to the command-line argument "-de". The next polling system
used will generally be "poll". See also "nopoll".
nokqueue
Disables the use of the "kqueue" event polling system on BSD. It is
equivalent to the command-line argument "-dk". The next polling system
used will generally be "poll". See also "nopoll".
nopoll
Disables the use of the "poll" event polling system. It is equivalent to the
command-line argument "-dp". The next polling system used will be "select".
It should never be needed to disable "poll" since it's available on all
platforms supported by HAProxy. See also "nokqueue" and "noepoll".
nosplice
Disables the use of kernel tcp splicing between sockets on Linux. It is
equivalent to the command line argument "-dS". Data will then be copied
using conventional and more portable recv/send calls. Kernel tcp splicing is
limited to some very recent instances of kernel 2.6. Most versions between
2.6.25 and 2.6.28 are buggy and will forward corrupted data, so they must not
be used. This option makes it easier to globally disable kernel splicing in
case of doubt. See also "option splice-auto", "option splice-request" and
"option splice-response".
nogetaddrinfo
Disables the use of getaddrinfo(3) for name resolving. It is equivalent to
the command line argument "-dG". Deprecated gethostbyname(3) will be used.
spread-checks <0..50, in percent>

Sometimes it is desirable to avoid sending agent and health checks to
servers at exact intervals, for instance when many logical servers are
located on the same physical server. With the help of this parameter, it
becomes possible to add some randomness in the check interval between 0
and +/- 50%. A value between 2 and 5 seems to show good results. The
default value remains at 0.
tune.buffers.limit <number>
Sets a hard limit on the number of buffers which may be allocated per process.
The default value is zero which means unlimited. The minimum non-zero value
will always be greater than "tune.buffers.reserve" and should ideally always
be about twice as large. Forcing this value can be particularly useful to
limit the amount of memory a process may take, while retaining a sane
behaviour. When this limit is reached, sessions which need a buffer wait for
another one to be released by another session. Since buffers are dynamically
allocated and released, the waiting time is very short and not perceptible
provided that limits remain reasonable. In fact sometimes reducing the limit
may even increase performance by increasing the CPU cache's efficiency. Tests
have shown good results on average HTTP traffic with a limit to 1/10 of the
expected global maxconn setting, which also significantly reduces memory
usage. The memory savings come from the fact that a number of connections
will not allocate 2*tune.bufsize. It is best not to touch this value unless
advised to do so by an haproxy core developer.
tune.buffers.reserve <number>
Sets the number of buffers which are pre-allocated and reserved for use only
during memory shortage conditions resulting in failed memory allocations. The
minimum value is 2 and is also the default. There is no reason a user would
want to change this value, it's mostly aimed at haproxy core developers.
tune.bufsize <number>
Sets the buffer size to this size (in bytes). Lower values allow more
sessions to coexist in the same amount of RAM, and higher values allow some
applications with very large cookies to work. The default value is 16384 and
can be changed at build time. It is strongly recommended not to change this
from the default value, as very low values will break some services such as
statistics, and values larger than default size will increase memory usage,
possibly causing the system to run out of memory. At least the global maxconn
parameter should be decreased by the same factor as this one is increased.
If HTTP request is larger than (tune.bufsize - tune.maxrewrite), haproxy will
return HTTP 400 (Bad Request) error. Similarly if an HTTP response is larger
than this size, haproxy will return HTTP 502 (Bad Gateway).
tune.chksize <number>
Sets the check buffer size to this size (in bytes). Higher values may help
find string or regex patterns in very large pages, though doing so may imply
more memory and CPU usage. The default value is 16384 and can be changed at
build time. It is not recommended to change this value, but to use better
checks whenever possible.
tune.comp.maxlevel <number>
Sets the maximum compression level. The compression level affects CPU
usage during compression. This value affects CPU usage during compression.
Each session using compression initializes the compression algorithm with
this value. The default value is 1.
tune.http.cookielen <number>
Sets the maximum length of captured cookies. This is the maximum value that
the "capture cookie xxx len yyy" will be allowed to take, and any upper value
will automatically be truncated to this one. It is important not to set too
high a value because all cookie captures still allocate this size whatever
their configured value (they share a same pool). This value is per request
per response, so the memory allocated is twice this value per connection.
When not specified, the limit is set to 63 characters. It is recommended not
to change this value.
tune.http.maxhdr <number>
Sets the maximum number of headers in a request. When a request comes with a
number of headers greater than this value (including the first line), it is
rejected with a "400 Bad Request" status code. Similarly, too large responses
are blocked with "502 Bad Gateway". The default value is 101, which is enough
for all usages, considering that the widely deployed Apache server uses the
same limit. It can be useful to push this limit further to temporarily allow
a buggy application to work by the time it gets fixed. Keep in mind that each
new header consumes 32bits of memory for each session, so don't push this
limit too high.
tune.idletimer <timeout>
Sets the duration after which haproxy will consider that an empty buffer is
probably associated with an idle stream. This is used to optimally adjust
some packet sizes while forwarding large and small data alternatively. The
decision to use splice() or to send large buffers in SSL is modulated by this
parameter. The value is in milliseconds between 0 and 65535. A value of zero
means that haproxy will not try to detect idle streams. The default is 1000,
which seems to correctly detect end user pauses (eg: read a page before
clicking). There should be not reason for changing this value. Please check
tune.ssl.maxrecord below.
tune.lua.forced-yield <number>
This directive forces the Lua engine to execute a yield each <number> of
instructions executed. This permits interruptng a long script and allows the
HAProxy scheduler to process other tasks like accepting connections or
forwarding traffic. The default value is 10000 instructions. If HAProxy often
executes some Lua code but more reactivity is required, this value can be
lowered. If the Lua code is quite long and its result is absolutely required
to process the data, the <number> can be increased.
tune.lua.maxmem
Sets the maximum amount of RAM in megabytes per process usable by Lua. By
default it is zero which means unlimited. It is important to set a limit to
ensure that a bug in a script will not result in the system running out of
memory.
tune.lua.session-timeout <timeout>
This is the execution timeout for the Lua sessions. This is useful for
preventing infinite loops or spending too much time in Lua. This timeout
counts only the pure Lua runtime. If the Lua does a sleep, the sleep is
not taked in account. The default timeout is 4s.
tune.lua.task-timeout <timeout>
Purpose is the same as "tune.lua.session-timeout", but this timeout is
dedicated to the tasks. By default, this timeout isn't set because a task may
remain alive during of the lifetime of HAProxy. For example, a task used to
check servers.
tune.lua.service-timeout <timeout>
This is the execution timeout for the Lua services. This is useful for
preventing infinite loops or spending too much time in Lua. This timeout
counts only the pure Lua runtime. If the Lua does a sleep, the sleep is
not taked in account. The default timeout is 4s.
tune.maxaccept <number>
Sets the maximum number of consecutive connections a process may accept in a
row before switching to other work. In single process mode, higher numbers
give better performance at high connection rates. However in multi-process
modes, keeping a bit of fairness between processes generally is better to
increase performance. This value applies individually to each listener, so
that the number of processes a listener is bound to is taken into account.
This value defaults to 64. In multi-process mode, it is divided by twice

the number of processes the listener is bound to. Setting this value to -1
completely disables the limitation. It should normally not be needed to tweak
this value.
tune.maxpollevents <number>
Sets the maximum amount of events that can be processed at once in a call to
the polling system. The default value is adapted to the operating system. It
has been noticed that reducing it below 200 tends to slightly decrease
latency at the expense of network bandwidth, and increasing it above 200
tends to trade latency for slightly increased bandwidth.
tune.maxrewrite <number>
Sets the reserved buffer space to this size in bytes. The reserved space is
used for header rewriting or appending. The first reads on sockets will never
fill more than bufsize-maxrewrite. Historically it has defaulted to half of
bufsize, though that does not make much sense since there are rarely large
numbers of headers to add. Setting it too high prevents processing of large
requests or responses. Setting it too low prevents addition of new headers
to already large requests or to POST requests. It is generally wise to set it
to about 1024. It is automatically readjusted to half of bufsize if it is
larger than that. This means you don't have to worry about it when changing
bufsize.
tune.pattern.cache-size <number>
Sets the size of the pattern lookup cache to <number> entries. This is an LRU
cache which reminds previous lookups and their results. It is used by ACLs
and maps on slow pattern lookups, namely the ones using the "sub", "reg",
"dir", "dom", "end", "bin" match methods as well as the case-insensitive
strings. It applies to pattern expressions which means that it will be able
to memorize the result of a lookup among all the patterns specified on a
configuration line (including all those loaded from files). It automatically
invalidates entries which are updated using HTTP actions or on the CLI. The
default cache size is set to 10000 entries, which limits its footprint to
about 5 MB on 32-bit systems and 8 MB on 64-bit systems. There is a very low
risk of collision in this cache, which is in the order of the size of the
cache divided by 2^64. Typically, at 10000 requests per second with the
default cache size of 10000 entries, there's 1% chance that a brute force
attack could cause a single collision after 60 years, or 0.1% after 6 years.
This is considered much lower than the risk of a memory corruption caused by
aging components. If this is not acceptable, the cache can be disabled by
setting this parameter to 0.
tune.pipesize <number>
Sets the kernel pipe buffer size to this size (in bytes). By default, pipes
are the default size for the system. But sometimes when using TCP splicing,
it can improve performance to increase pipe sizes, especially if it is
suspected that pipes are not filled and that many calls to splice() are
performed. This has an impact on the kernel's memory footprint, so this must
not be changed if impacts are not understood.
tune.rcvbuf.client <number>
tune.rcvbuf.server <number>
Forces the kernel socket receive buffer size on the client or the server side
to the specified value in bytes. This value applies to all TCP/HTTP frontends
and backends. It should normally never be set, and the default size (0) lets
the kernel autotune this value depending on the amount of available memory.
However it can sometimes help to set it to very low values (eg: 4096) in
order to save kernel memory by preventing it from buffering too large amounts
of received data. Lower values will significantly increase CPU usage though.
tune.recv_enough <number>
Haproxy uses some hints to detect that a short read indicates the end of the
socket buffers. One of them is that a read returns more than <recv_enough>
bytes, which defaults to 10136 (7 segments of 1448 each). This default value
may be changed by this setting to better deal with workloads involving lots
of short messages such as telnet or SSH sessions.
tune.sndbuf.client <number>
tune.sndbuf.server <number>
Forces the kernel socket send buffer size on the client or the server side to
the specified value in bytes. This value applies to all TCP/HTTP frontends
and backends. It should normally never be set, and the default size (0) lets
the kernel autotune this value depending on the amount of available memory.
However it can sometimes help to set it to very low values (eg: 4096) in
order to save kernel memory by preventing it from buffering too large amounts
of received data. Lower values will significantly increase CPU usage though.
Another use case is to prevent write timeouts with extremely slow clients due
to the kernel waiting for a large part of the buffer to be read before
notifying haproxy again.
tune.ssl.cachesize <number>
Sets the size of the global SSL session cache, in a number of blocks. A block
is large enough to contain an encoded session without peer certificate.
An encoded session with peer certificate is stored in multiple blocks
depending on the size of the peer certificate. A block uses approximately
200 bytes of memory. The default value may be forced at build time, otherwise
defaults to 20000. When the cache is full, the most idle entries are purged
and reassigned. Higher values reduce the occurrence of such a purge, hence
the number of CPU-intensive SSL handshakes by ensuring that all users keep
their session as long as possible. All entries are pre-allocated upon startup
and are shared between all processes if "nbproc
Fetching samples from internal states
" is greater than 1. Setting

this value to 0 disables the SSL session cache.
tune.ssl.force-private-cache
This boolean disables SSL session cache sharing between all processes. It
should normally not be used since it will force many renegotiations due to
clients hitting a random process. But it may be required on some operating
systems where none of the SSL cache synchronization method may be used. In
this case, adding a first layer of hash-based load balancing before the SSL
layer might limit the impact of the lack of session sharing.
tune.ssl.lifetime <timeout>
Sets how long a cached SSL session may remain valid. This time is expressed
in seconds and defaults to 300 (5 min). It is important to understand that it
does not guarantee that sessions will last that long, because if the cache is
full, the longest idle sessions will be purged despite their configured
lifetime. The real usefulness of this setting is to prevent sessions from
being used for too long.
tune.ssl.maxrecord <number>
Sets the maximum amount of bytes passed to SSL_write() at a time. Default
value 0 means there is no limit. Over SSL/TLS, the client can decipher the
data only once it has received a full record. With large records, it means
that clients might have to download up to 16kB of data before starting to
process them. Limiting the value can improve page load times on browsers
located over high latency or low bandwidth networks. It is suggested to find
optimal values which fit into 1 or 2 TCP segments (generally 1448 bytes over
Ethernet with TCP timestamps enabled, or 1460 when timestamps are disabled),
keeping in mind that SSL/TLS add some overhead. Typical values of 1419 and
2859 gave good results during tests. Use "strace -e trace=write" to find the
best value. Haproxy will automatically switch to this setting after an idle
stream has been detected (see tune.idletimer above).
tune.ssl.default-dh-param <number>
Sets the maximum size of the Diffie-Hellman parameters used for generating
the ephemeral/temporary Diffie-Hellman key in case of DHE key exchange. The
final size will try to match the size of the server's RSA (or DSA) key (e.g,
a 2048 bits temporary DH key for a 2048 bits RSA key), but will not exceed
this maximum value. Default value if 1024. Only 1024 or higher values are
allowed. Higher values will increase the CPU load, and values greater than
1024 bits are not supported by Java 7 and earlier clients. This value is not
used if static Diffie-Hellman parameters are supplied either directly
in the certificate file or by using the ssl-dh-param-file parameter.
tune.ssl.ssl-ctx-cache-size <number>
Sets the size of the cache used to store generated certificates to <number>
entries. This is a LRU cache. Because generating a SSL certificate
dynamically is expensive, they are cached. The default cache size is set to
1000 entries.
tune.vars.global-max-size <size>
tune.vars.reqres-max-size <size>
tune.vars.sess-max-size <size>
tune.vars.txn-max-size <size>
These four tunes helps to manage the allowed amount of memory used by the
variables system. "global" limits the memory for all the systems. "sess" limit
the memory by session, "txn" limits the memory by transaction and "reqres"
limits the memory for each request or response processing. during the
accounting, "sess" embbed "txn" and "txn" embed "reqres".
By example, we considers that "tune.vars.sess-max-size" is fixed to 100,
"tune.vars.txn-max-size" is fixed to 100, "tune.vars.reqres-max-size" is
also fixed to 100. If we create a variable "txn.var" that contains 100 bytes,
we cannot create any more variable in the other contexts.
tune.zlib.memlevel <number>
Sets the memLevel parameter in zlib initialization for each session. It
defines how much memory should be allocated for the internal compression
state. A value of 1 uses minimum memory but is slow and reduces compression
ratio, a value of 9 uses maximum memory for optimal speed. Can be a value
between 1 and 9. The default value is 8.
tune.zlib.windowsize <number>
Sets the window size (the size of the history buffer) as a parameter of the
zlib initialization for each session. Larger values of this parameter result
in better compression at the expense of memory usage. Can be a value between
8 and 15. The default value is 15.
3.3.
Debugging
debug
Enables debug mode which dumps to stdout all exchanges, and disables forking
into background. It is the equivalent of the command-line argument "-d". It
should never be used in a production configuration since it may prevent full
system startup.
quiet
Do not display any message during startup. It is equivalent to the commandline argument "-q".
3.4.
Userlists
It is possible to control access to frontend/backend/listen sections or to

http stats by allowing only authenticated and authorized users. To do this,
it is required to create at least one userlist and to define users.
userlist <listname>
Creates new userlist with name <listname>. Many independent userlists can be
used to store authentication & authorization data for independent customers.
group <groupname> [users <user>,<user>,(...)]

Adds group <groupname> to the current userlist. It is also possible to
attach users to this group by using a comma separated list of names
proceeded by "users" keyword.
user <username> [password|insecure-password <password>] [groups <group>,<group>,(...)]

Adds user <username> to the current userlist. Both secure (encrypted) and
insecure (unencrypted) passwords can be used. Encrypted passwords are
evaluated using the crypt(3) function so depending of the system's
capabilities, different algorithms are supported. For example modern Glibc
based Linux system supports MD5, SHA-256, SHA-512 and of course classic,
DES-based method of encrypting passwords.
Example:
userlist L1
group G1 users tiger,scott
group G2 users xdb,scott
user tiger password $6$k6y3o.eP$JlKBx9za9667qe4(...)xHSwRv6J.C0/D7cV91
user scott insecure-password elgato
user xdb insecure-password hello
userlist L2
group G1
group G2
user tiger password $6$k6y3o.eP$JlKBx(...)xHSwRv6J.C0/D7cV91 groups G1
user scott insecure-password elgato groups G1,G2
user xdb insecure-password hello groups G2
Please note that both lists are functionally identical.
3.5.
Peers
It is possible to propagate entries of any data-types in stick-tables between

several haproxy instances over TCP connections in a multi-master fashion. Each
instance pushes its local updates and insertions to remote peers. The pushed
values overwrite remote ones without aggregation. Interrupted exchanges are
automatically detected and recovered from the last known point.
In addition, during a soft restart, the old process connects to the new one
using such a TCP connection to push all its entries before the new process
tries to connect to other peers. That ensures very fast replication during a
reload, it typically takes a fraction of a second even for large tables.
Note that Server IDs are used to identify servers remotely, so it is important
that configurations look similar or at least that the same IDs are forced on
each server on all participants.
peers <peersect>
Creates a new peer list with name <peersect>. It is an independent section,
which is referenced by one or more stick-tables.
disabled
Disables a peers section. It disables both listening and any synchronization
related to this section. This is provided to disable synchronization of stick
tables without having to comment out all "peers" references.
enable
This re-enables a disabled peers section which was previously disabled.
peer <peername> <ip>:<port>

Defines a peer inside a peers section.
If <peername> is set to the local peer name (by default hostname, or forced
using "-L" command line option), haproxy will listen for incoming remote peer
connection on <ip>:<port>. Otherwise, <ip>:<port> defines where to connect to
to join the remote peer, and <peername> is used at the protocol level to
identify and validate the remote peer on the server side.
During a soft restart, local peer <ip>:<port> is used by the old instance to
connect the new one and initiate a complete replication (teaching process).
It is strongly recommended to have the exact same peers declaration on all
peers and to only rely on the "-L" command line argument to change the local
peer name. This makes it easier to maintain coherent configuration files
across all peers.
You may want to reference some environment variables in the address
parameter, see section 2.3 about environment variables.
Example:
peers mypeers
peer haproxy1 192.168.0.1:1024
peer haproxy2 192.168.0.2:1024
peer haproxy3 10.2.0.1:1024
backend mybackend
mode tcp
balance roundrobin
stick-table type ip size 20k peers mypeers
stick on src
server srv1 192.168.0.30:80
server srv2 192.168.0.31:80
3.6.
Mailers
It is possible to send email alerts when the state of servers changes.

If configured email alerts are sent to each mailer that is configured
in a mailers section. Email is sent to mailers using SMTP.
mailers <mailersect>
Creates a new mailer list with the name <mailersect>. It is an
independent section which is referenced by one or more proxies.
mailer <mailername> <ip>:<port>

Defines a mailer inside a mailers section.
Example:
mailers mymailers
mailer smtp1 192.168.0.1:587
mailer smtp2 192.168.0.2:587
backend mybackend
mode tcp
balance roundrobin
email-alert mailers mymailers
email-alert from [email protected]
email-alert to [email protected]
server srv1 192.168.0.30:80
server srv2 192.168.0.31:80
4. Proxies
Proxy configuration can be located in a set of sections :
- defaults [<name>]
- frontend <name>
- backend <name>
- listen
<name>
A "defaults" section sets default parameters for all other sections following
its declaration. Those default parameters are reset by the next "defaults"
section. See below for the list of parameters which can be set in a "defaults"
section. The name is optional but its use is encouraged for better readability.
A "frontend" section describes a set of listening sockets accepting client
connections.
A "backend" section describes a set of servers to which the proxy will connect
to forward incoming connections.
A "listen" section defines a complete proxy with its frontend and backend
parts combined in one section. It is generally useful for TCP-only traffic.
All proxy names must be formed from upper and lower case letters, digits,
'-' (dash), '_' (underscore) , '.' (dot) and ':' (colon). ACL names are
case-sensitive, which means that "www" and "WWW" are two different proxies.
Historically, all proxy names could overlap, it just caused troubles in the
logs. Since the introduction of content switching, it is mandatory that two
proxies with overlapping capabilities (frontend/backend) have different names.
However, it is still permitted that a frontend and a backend share the same
name, as this configuration seems to be commonly encountered.
Right now, two major proxy modes are supported : "tcp", also known as layer 4,
and "http", also known as layer 7. In layer 4 mode, HAProxy simply forwards
bidirectional traffic between two sides. In layer 7 mode, HAProxy analyzes the
protocol, and can interact with it by allowing, blocking, switching, adding,
modifying, or removing arbitrary contents in requests or responses, based on
arbitrary criteria.
In HTTP mode, the processing applied to requests and responses flowing over
a connection depends in the combination of the frontend's HTTP options and
the backend's. HAProxy supports 5 connection modes :
- KAL : keep alive ("option http-keep-alive") which is the default mode : all
requests and responses are processed, and connections remain open but idle
between responses and new requests.
- TUN: tunnel ("option http-tunnel") : this was the default mode for versions
1.0 to 1.5-dev21 : only the first request and response are processed, and
everything else is forwarded with no analysis at all. This mode should not
be used as it creates lots of trouble with logging and HTTP processing.
- PCL: passive close ("option httpclose") : exactly the same as tunnel mode,
but with "Connection: close" appended in both directions to try to make
both ends close after the first request/response exchange.
- SCL: server close ("option http-server-close") : the server-facing
connection is closed after the end of the response is received, but the
client-facing connection remains open.
- FCL: forced close ("option forceclose") : the connection is actively closed
after the end of the response.

The effective mode that will be applied to a connection passing through a
frontend and a backend can be determined by both proxy modes according to the
following matrix, but in short, the modes are symmetric, keep-alive is the
weakest option and force close is the strongest.
Backend mode
Frontend
mode
4.1.
| KAL | TUN | PCL | SCL | FCL

----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---KAL | KAL | TUN | PCL | SCL | FCL
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---TUN | TUN | TUN | PCL | SCL | FCL
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---PCL | PCL | PCL | PCL | FCL | FCL
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---SCL | SCL | SCL | FCL | SCL | FCL
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---FCL | FCL | FCL | FCL | FCL | FCL
Proxy keywords matrix
The following list of keywords is supported. Most of them may only be used in a
limited set of section types. Some of them are marked as "deprecated" because
they are inherited from an old syntax which may be confusing or functionally
limited, and there are new recommended keywords to replace them. Keywords
marked with "(*)" can be optionally inverted using the "no" prefix, eg. "no
option contstats". This makes sense when the option has been enabled by default
and must be disabled for a specific instance. Such options may also be prefixed
with "default" in order to restore default settings regardless of what has been
specified in a previous "defaults" section.
keyword
defaultsfrontendlistenbackend
acl
appsession
backlog
balance
bind
bind-process
block
capture cookie
capture request header
capture response header
(deprecated)clitimeout
compression
(deprecated)contimeout
cookie
declare capture
default-server
default_backend
description
disabled
dispatch
keyword
email-alert from
email-alert level
email-alert mailers
email-alert myhostname
email-alert to
enabled
errorfile
errorloc
errorloc302
errorloc303
force-persist
fullconn
grace
hash-type
http-check disable-on-404
http-check expect
http-check send-state
http-request
http-response
http-reuse
keyword
http-send-name-header
id
ignore-persist
load-server-state-from-file
(*)log
log-format
log-format-sd
log-tag
max-keep-alive-queue
maxconn
mode
monitor fail
monitor-net
monitor-uri
(*)option abortonclose
(*)option accept-invalid-http-request
(*)option accept-invalid-http-response
(*)option allbackups
(*)option checkcache
(*)option clitcpka
keyword
(*)option contstats
(*)option dontlog-normal
(*)option dontlognull
(*)option forceclose
option forwardfor
(*)option http-buffer-request
(*)option http-ignore-probes
(*)option http-keep-alive
(*)option http-no-delay
(*)option http-pretend-keepalive
(*)option http-server-close
(*)option http-tunnel
(*)option http-use-proxy-header
option httpchk
(*)option httpclose
option httplog
(*)option http_proxy
(*)option independent-streams
option ldap-check
option external-check
keyword
(*)option log-health-checks
(*)option log-separate-errors
(*)option logasap
option mysql-check
(*)option nolinger
option originalto
(*)option persist
option pgsql-check
(*)option prefer-last-server
(*)option redispatch
option redis-check
option smtpchk
(*)option socket-stats
(*)option splice-auto
(*)option splice-request
(*)option splice-response
(*)option srvtcpka
option ssl-hello-chk
option tcp-check
(*)option tcp-smart-accept
keyword
(*)option tcp-smart-connect
option tcpka
option tcplog
(*)option transparent
external-check command
external-check path
persist rdp-cookie
rate-limit sessions
redirect
(deprecated)redisp
(deprecated)redispatch
reqadd
reqallow
reqdel
reqdeny
reqiallow
reqidel
reqideny
reqipass
reqirep
keyword
reqitarpit
reqpass
reqrep
reqtarpit
retries
rspadd
rspdel
rspdeny
rspidel
rspideny
rspirep
rsprep
server
server-state-file-name
source
(deprecated)srvtimeout
stats admin
stats auth
stats enable
stats hide-version
keyword
stats http-request
stats realm
stats refresh
stats scope
stats show-desc
stats show-legends
stats show-node
stats uri
stick match
stick on
stick store-request
stick store-response
stick-table
tcp-check connect
tcp-check expect
tcp-check send
tcp-check send-binary
tcp-request connection
tcp-request content
tcp-request inspect-delay
keyword
tcp-response content
tcp-response inspect-delay
timeout check
timeout client
timeout client-fin
(deprecated)timeout clitimeout
timeout connect
(deprecated)timeout contimeout
timeout http-keep-alive
timeout http-request
timeout queue
timeout server
timeout server-fin
(deprecated)timeout srvtimeout
timeout tarpit
timeout tunnel
(deprecated)transparent
unique-id-format
unique-id-header
use_backend
keyword
use-server
4.2.
This section provides a description of each keyword and its usage.
acl <aclname> <criterion> [flags] [operator] <value> ...

Declare or complete an access list.
May be used in sections :

no
yes
yes yes
Example:
acl invalid_src
acl invalid_src
acl local_dst
src
0.0.0.0/7 224.0.0.0/3
src_port
0:1023
hdr(host) -i localhost
See section 7 about ACL usage.
appsession <cookie> len <length> timeout <holdtime> [request-learn] [prefix] [mode <path-parameters|query-string>]
Define session stickiness on an existing application cookie.

no
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<cookie>
this is the name of the cookie used by the application and which
HAProxy will have to learn for each new session.
<length>
this is the max number of characters that will be memorized and

checked in each cookie value.
<holdtime> this is the time after which the cookie will be removed from
memory if unused. If no unit is specified, this time is in
milliseconds.
request-learn
If this option is specified, then haproxy will be able to learn
the cookie found in the request in case the server does not
specify any in response. This is typically what happens with
PHPSESSID cookies, or when haproxy's session expires before
the application's session and the correct server is selected.
It is recommended to specify this option to improve reliability.
prefix
When this option is specified, haproxy will match on the cookie

prefix (or URL parameter prefix). The appsession value is the
data following this prefix.
Example :
appsession ASPSESSIONID len 64 timeout 3h prefix
This will match the cookie ASPSESSIONIDXXXX=XXXXX,
the appsession value will be XXXX=XXXXX.
mode
This option allows to change the URL parser mode.

2 modes are currently supported :
- path-parameters :
The parser looks for the appsession in the path parameters
part (each parameter is separated by a semi-colon), which is
convenient for JSESSIONID for example.
This is the default mode if the option is not set.
- query-string :
In this mode, the parser will look for the appsession in the
query string.
As of version 1.6, appsessions was removed. It is more flexible and more

convenient to use stick-tables instead, and stick-tables support multi-master
replication and data conservation across reloads, which appsessions did not.
See also : "cookie

Fetching HTTP samples (Layer 7)
", "capture cookie", "balance", "stick", "stick-table", "ignore-persist", "nbproc
" and "bind-process".
backlog <conns>
Give hints to the system about the approximate listen backlog desired size

yes
yes
yes no
Arguments :
<conns>
is the number of pending connections. Depending on the operating

system, it may represent the number of already acknowledged
connections, of non-acknowledged ones, or both.
In order to protect against SYN flood attacks, one solution is to increase

the system's SYN backlog size. Depending on the system, sometimes it is just
tunable via a system parameter, sometimes it is not adjustable at all, and
sometimes the system relies on hints given by the application at the time of
the listen() syscall. By default, HAProxy passes the frontend's maxconn value
to the listen() syscall. On systems which can make use of this value, it can
sometimes be useful to be able to specify a different value, hence this
backlog parameter.
On Linux 2.4, the parameter is ignored by the system. On Linux 2.6, it is
used as a hint and the system accepts up to the smallest greater power of
two, and never more than some limits (usually 32768).
See also : "maxconn

Performance tuning
Bind options
" and the target operating system's tuning guide.
balance <algorithm> [ <arguments> ]
balance url_param <param> [check_post]
Define the load balancing algorithm to be used in a backend.

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<algorithm> is the algorithm used to select a server when doing load
balancing. This only applies when no persistence information
is available, or when a connection is redispatched to another
server. <algorithm> may be one of the following :
roundrobin
Each server is used in turns, according to their weights.

This is the smoothest and fairest algorithm when the server's
processing time remains equally distributed. This algorithm
is dynamic, which means that server weights may be adjusted
on the fly for slow starts for instance. It is limited by

design to 4095 active servers per backend. Note that in some
large farms, when a server becomes up after having been down
for a very short time, it may sometimes take a few hundreds
requests for it to be re-integrated into the farm and start
receiving traffic. This is normal, though very rare. It is
indicated here in case you would have the chance to observe
it, so that you don't worry.
static-rr
Each server is used in turns, according to their weights.

This algorithm is as similar to roundrobin except that it is
static, which means that changing a server's weight on the
fly will have no effect. On the other hand, it has no design
limitation on the number of servers, and when a server goes
up, it is always immediately reintroduced into the farm, once
the full map is recomputed. It also uses slightly less CPU to
run (around -1%).
leastconn
The server with the lowest number of connections receives the

connection. Round-robin is performed within groups of servers
of the same load to ensure that all servers will be used. Use
of this algorithm is recommended where very long sessions are
expected, such as LDAP, SQL, TSE, etc... but is not very well
suited for protocols using short sessions such as HTTP. This
algorithm is dynamic, which means that server weights may be
adjusted on the fly for slow starts for instance.
first
The first server with available connection slots receives the

connection. The servers are chosen from the lowest numeric
identifier to the highest (see server parameter "id

Bind options
"), which
defaults to the server's position in the farm. Once a server
reaches its maxconn value, the next server is used. It does
not make sense to use this algorithm without setting maxconn.
The purpose of this algorithm is to always use the smallest
number of servers so that extra servers can be powered off
during non-intensive hours. This algorithm ignores the server
weight, and brings more benefit to long session such as RDP
or IMAP than HTTP, though it can be useful there too. In
order to use this algorithm efficiently, it is recommended
that a cloud controller regularly checks server usage to turn
them off when unused, and regularly checks backend queue to
turn new servers on when the queue inflates. Alternatively,
using "http-check send-state" may inform servers on the load.
source
The source IP address is hashed and divided by the total

weight of the running servers to designate which server will
receive the request. This ensures that the same client IP
address will always reach the same server as long as no
server goes down or up. If the hash result changes due to the
number of running servers changing, many clients will be
directed to a different server. This algorithm is generally
used in TCP mode where no cookie may be inserted. It may also
be used on the Internet to provide a best-effort stickiness
to clients which refuse session cookies. This algorithm is
static by default, which means that changing a server's
weight on the fly will have no effect, but this can be
changed using "hash-type".
uri
This algorithm hashes either the left part of the URI (before
the question mark) or the whole URI (if the "whole" parameter
is present) and divides the hash value by the total weight of
the running servers. The result designates which server will
receive the request. This ensures that the same URI will
always be directed to the same server as long as no server
goes up or down. This is used with proxy caches and
anti-virus proxies in order to maximize the cache hit rate.
Note that this algorithm may only be used in an HTTP backend.
This algorithm is static by default, which means that
changing a server's weight on the fly will have no effect,
but this can be changed using "hash-type".
This algorithm supports two optional parameters "len" and
"depth", both followed by a positive integer number. These
options may be helpful when it is needed to balance servers
based on the beginning of the URI only. The "len" parameter
indicates that the algorithm should only consider that many
characters at the beginning of the URI to compute the hash.
Note that having "len" set to 1 rarely makes sense since most
URIs start with a leading "/".
The "depth" parameter
to be used to compute
slash in the request.
evaluation stops when
url_param
indicates the maximum directory depth

the hash. One level is counted for each
If both parameters are specified, the
either is reached.
The URL parameter specified in argument will be looked up in

the query string of each HTTP GET request.
If the modifier "check_post" is used, then an HTTP POST
request entity will be searched for the parameter argument,
when it is not found in a query string after a question mark
('?') in the URL. The message body will only start to be
analyzed once either the advertised amount of data has been
received or the request buffer is full. In the unlikely event
that chunked encoding is used, only the first chunk is
scanned. Parameter values separated by a chunk boundary, may
be randomly balanced if at all. This keyword used to support
an optional <max_wait> parameter which is now ignored.

If the parameter is found followed by an equal sign ('=') and
a value, then the value is hashed and divided by the total
weight of the running servers. The result designates which
server will receive the request.
This is used to track user identifiers in requests and ensure
that a same user ID will always be sent to the same server as
long as no server goes up or down. If no value is found or if
the parameter is not found, then a round robin algorithm is
applied. Note that this algorithm may only be used in an HTTP
backend. This algorithm is static by default, which means
that changing a server's weight on the fly will have no
effect, but this can be changed using "hash-type".
hdr(<name>) The HTTP header <name> will be looked up in each HTTP
request. Just as with the equivalent ACL 'hdr()' function,
the header name in parenthesis is not case sensitive. If the
header is absent or if it does not contain any value, the
roundrobin algorithm is applied instead.
An optional 'use_domain_only' parameter is available, for
reducing the hash algorithm to the main domain part with some
specific headers such as 'Host'. For instance, in the Host
value "haproxy.1wt.eu", only "1wt" will be considered.
rdp-cookie
rdp-cookie(<name>)
The RDP cookie <name> (or "mstshash" if omitted) will be
looked up and hashed for each incoming TCP request. Just as
with the equivalent ACL 'req_rdp_cookie()' function, the name
is not case-sensitive. This mechanism is useful as a degraded
persistence mode, as it makes it possible to always send the
same user (or the same session ID) to the same server. If the
cookie is not found, the normal roundrobin algorithm is
used instead.
Note that for this to work, the frontend must ensure that an
RDP cookie is already present in the request buffer. For this
you must use 'tcp-request content accept' rule combined with
a 'req_rdp_cookie_cnt' ACL.
See also the rdp_cookie pattern fetch function.
<arguments> is an optional list of arguments which may be needed by some
algorithms. Right now, only "url_param" and "uri" support an
optional argument.
The load balancing algorithm of a backend is set to roundrobin when no other
algorithm, mode nor option have been set. The algorithm may only be set once
for each backend.
Examples :
balance
balance
balance
balance
balance
balance
roundrobin
url_param userid
url_param session_id check_post 64
hdr(User-Agent)
hdr(host)
hdr(Host) use_domain_only
Note: the following caveats and limitations on using the "check_post"

extension with "url_param" must be considered :
- all POST requests are eligible for consideration, because there is no way
to determine if the parameters will be found in the body or entity which
may contain binary data. Therefore another method may be required to
restrict consideration of POST requests that have no URL parameters in
the body. (see acl reqideny http_end)
- using a <max_wait> value larger than the request buffer size does not
make sense and is useless. The buffer size is set at build time, and
defaults to 16 kB.
- Content-Encoding is not supported, the parameter search will probably
fail; and load balancing will fall back to Round Robin.
- Expect: 100-continue is not supported, load balancing will fall back to
Round Robin.
- Transfer-Encoding (RFC2616 3.6.1) is only supported in the first chunk.
If the entire parameter value is not present in the first chunk, the
selection of server is undefined (actually, defined by how little
actually appeared in the first chunk).
- This feature does not support generation of a 100, 411 or 501 response.
- In some cases, requesting "check_post" MAY attempt to scan the entire
contents of a message body. Scanning normally terminates when linear
white space or control characters are found, indicating the end of what
might be a URL parameter list. This is probably not a concern with SGML
type message bodies.
See also : "dispatch", "cookie

", "transparent", "hash-type" and "http_proxy".
bind [<address>]:<port_range> [, ...] [param*]
bind /<path> [, ...] [param*]
Define one or several listening addresses and/or ports in a frontend.

no
yes
yes no
Arguments :
<address>
is optional and can be a host name, an IPv4 address, an IPv6

address, or '*'. It designates the address the frontend will
listen on. If unset, all IPv4 addresses of the system will be
listened on. The same will apply for '*' or the system's
special address "0.0.0.0". The IPv6 equivalent is '::'.
Optionally, an address family prefix may be used before the
address to force the family regardless of the address format,
which can be useful to specify a path to a unix socket with
no slash ('/'). Currently supported prefixes are :
- 'ipv4@' -> address is always IPv4
- 'unix@' -> address is a path to a local unix socket
- 'abns@' -> address is in abstract namespace (Linux only).
Note: since abstract sockets are not "rebindable", they
do not cope well with multi-process mode during
soft-restart, so it is better to avoid them if
nbproc is greater than 1. The effect is that if the
new process fails to start, only one of the old ones
will be able to rebind to the socket.
- 'fd@<n>' -> use file descriptor <n> inherited from the
parent. The fd must be bound and may or may not already
be listening.
You may want to reference some environment variables in the
address parameter, see section 2.3 about environment
variables.
<port_range>
is either a unique TCP port, or a port range for which the

proxy will accept connections for the IP address specified
above. The port is mandatory for TCP listeners. Note that in
the case of an IPv6 address, the port is always the number
after the last colon (':'). A range can either be :
- a numerical port (ex: '80')
- a dash-delimited ports range explicitly stating the lower
and upper bounds (ex: '2000-2100') which are included in
the range.
Particular care must be taken against port ranges, because
every <address:port> couple consumes one socket (= a file
descriptor), so it's easy to consume lots of descriptors
with a simple range, and to run out of sockets. Also, each
<address:port> couple must be used only once among all
instances running on a same system. Please note that binding
to ports lower than 1024 generally require particular
privileges to start the program, which are independent of
the 'uid' parameter.
<path>
is a UNIX socket path beginning with a slash ('/'). This is

alternative to the TCP listening port. Haproxy will then
receive UNIX connections on the socket located at this place.
The path must begin with a slash and by default is absolute.
It can be relative to the prefix defined by "unix-bind" in
the global section. Note that the total length of the prefix
followed by the socket path cannot exceed some system limits
for UNIX sockets, which commonly are set to 107 characters.
<param*>
is a list of parameters common to all sockets declared on the

same line. These numerous parameters depend on OS and build
options and have a complete section dedicated to them. Please
refer to section 5 to for more details.
It is possible to specify a list of address:port combinations delimited by

commas. The frontend will then listen on all of these addresses. There is no
fixed limit to the number of addresses and ports which can be listened on in
a frontend, as well as there is no limit to the number of "bind" statements
in a frontend.
Example :
listen http_proxy
bind :80,:443
bind 10.0.0.1:10080,10.0.0.1:10443
bind /var/run/ssl-frontend.sock user root mode 600 accept-proxy
listen http_https_proxy
bind :80
bind :443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy/site.pem
listen http_https_proxy_explicit
bind ipv6@:80
bind ipv4@public_ssl:443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy/site.pem
bind [email protected] user root mode 600 accept-proxy
listen external_bind_app1
bind "fd@${FD_APP1}"
Note: regarding Linux's abstract namespace sockets, HAProxy uses the whole
sun_path length is used for the address length. Some other programs
such as socat use the string length only by default. Pass the option
",unix-tightsocklen=0" to any abstract socket definition in socat to
make it compatible with HAProxy's.
See also : "source

", "option forwardfor", "unix-bind" and the PROXY protocol documentation, and section 5 about bind options.
bind-process [ all | odd | even | <number 1-64>[-<number 1-64>] ] ...
Limit visibility of an instance to a certain set of processes numbers.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
all
All process will see this instance. This is the default. It

may be used to override a default value.
odd
This instance will be enabled on processes 1,3,5,...63. This

option may be combined with other numbers.
even
This instance will be enabled on processes 2,4,6,...64. This

option may be combined with other numbers. Do not use it
with less than 2 processes otherwise some instances might be
missing from all processes.
number
The instance will be enabled on this process number or range,

whose values must all be between 1 and 32 or 64 depending on
the machine's word size. If a proxy is bound to process
numbers greater than the configured global.nbproc, it will
either be forced to process #1 if a single process was
specified, or to all processes otherwise.
This keyword limits binding of certain instances to certain processes. This

is useful in order not to have too many processes listening to the same
ports. For instance, on a dual-core machine, it might make sense to set
'nbproc 2' in the global section, then distributes the listeners among 'odd'
and 'even' instances.
At the moment, it is not possible to reference more than 32 or 64 processes
using this keyword, but this should be more than enough for most setups.
Please note that 'all' really means all processes regardless of the machine's
word size, and is not limited to the first 32 or 64.
Each "bind" line may further be limited to a subset of the proxy's processes,
please consult the "process" bind keyword in section 5.1.
When a frontend has no explicit "bind-process" line, it tries to bind to all
the processes referenced by its "bind" lines. That means that frontends can
easily adapt to their listeners' processes.
If some backends are referenced by frontends bound to other processes, the
backend automatically inherits the frontend's processes.
Example :
listen app_ip1
bind 10.0.0.1:80
bind-process odd
listen app_ip2
bind 10.0.0.2:80
bind-process even
listen management
bind 10.0.0.3:80
bind-process 1 2 3 4
listen management
bind 10.0.0.4:80
bind-process 1-4
See also : "nbproc

" in global section, and "process" in section 5.1.
block { if | unless } <condition>
Block a layer 7 request if/unless a condition is matched

no
yes
yes yes
The HTTP request will be blocked very early in the layer 7 processing
if/unless <condition> is matched. A 403 error will be returned if the request
is blocked. The condition has to reference ACLs (see section 7). This is
typically used to deny access to certain sensitive resources if some
conditions are met or not met. There is no fixed limit to the number of
"block" statements per instance.
Example:
acl invalid_src src
0.0.0.0/7 224.0.0.0/3
acl invalid_src src_port
0:1023
acl local_dst
hdr(host) -i localhost
block if invalid_src || local_dst
capture cookie <name> len <length>

Capture and log a cookie in the request and in the response.

no
yes
yes no
Arguments :
<name>
is the beginning of the name of the cookie to capture. In order

to match the exact name, simply suffix the name with an equal
sign ('='). The full name will appear in the logs, which is
useful with application servers which adjust both the cookie name
and value (eg: ASPSESSIONXXXXX).
<length>
is the maximum number of characters to report in the logs, which

include the cookie name, the equal sign and the value, all in the
standard "name=value" form. The string will be truncated on the
right if it exceeds <length>.
Only the first cookie is captured. Both the "cookie

" request headers and the
"set-cookie" response headers are monitored. This is particularly useful to
check for application bugs causing session crossing or stealing between
users, because generally the user's cookies can only change on a login page.
When the cookie was not presented by the client, the associated log column
will report "-". When a request does not cause a cookie to be assigned by the
server, a "-" is reported in the response column.
The capture is performed in the frontend only because it is necessary that
the log format does not change for a given frontend depending on the
backends. This may change in the future. Note that there can be only one
"capture cookie" statement in a frontend. The maximum capture length is set
by the global "tune.http.cookielen" setting and defaults to 63 characters. It
is not possible to specify a capture in a "defaults" section.
Example:
capture cookie ASPSESSION len 32
See also : "capture request header", "capture response header" as well as section 8 about logging.
capture request header <name> len <length>
Capture and log the last occurrence of the specified request header.

no
yes
yes no
Arguments :
<name>
is the name of the header to capture. The header names are not
case-sensitive, but it is a common practice to write them as they
appear in the requests, with the first letter of each word in
upper case. The header name will not appear in the logs, only the
value is reported, but the position in the logs is respected.
<length>
is the maximum number of characters to extract from the value and

report in the logs. The string will be truncated on the right if
it exceeds <length>.
The complete value of the last occurrence of the header is captured. The
value will be added to the logs between braces ('{}'). If multiple headers
are captured, they will be delimited by a vertical bar ('|') and will appear
in the same order they were declared in the configuration. Non-existent
headers will be logged just as an empty string. Common uses for request
header captures include the "Host" field in virtual hosting environments, the
"Content-length" when uploads are supported, "User-agent" to quickly
differentiate between real users and robots, and "X-Forwarded-For" in proxied
environments to find where the request came from.
Note that when capturing headers such as "User-agent", some spaces may be
logged, making the log analysis more difficult. Thus be careful about what
you log if you know your log parser is not smart enough to rely on the
braces.
There is no limit to the number of captured request headers nor to their

length, though it is wise to keep them low to limit memory usage per session.
In order to keep log format consistent for a same frontend, header captures
can only be declared in a frontend. It is not possible to specify a capture
in a "defaults" section.
Example:
capture request header Host len 15
capture request header X-Forwarded-For len 15
capture request header Referer len 15
See also : "capture cookie", "capture response header" as well as section 8 about logging.
capture response header <name> len <length>
Capture and log the last occurrence of the specified response header.

no
yes
yes no
Arguments :
<name>
is the name of the header to capture. The header names are not
case-sensitive, but it is a common practice to write them as they
appear in the response, with the first letter of each word in
upper case. The header name will not appear in the logs, only the
value is reported, but the position in the logs is respected.
<length>
is the maximum number of characters to extract from the value and

report in the logs. The string will be truncated on the right if
it exceeds <length>.
The complete value of the last occurrence of the header is captured. The
result will be added to the logs between braces ('{}') after the captured
request headers. If multiple headers are captured, they will be delimited by
a vertical bar ('|') and will appear in the same order they were declared in
the configuration. Non-existent headers will be logged just as an empty
string. Common uses for response header captures include the "Content-length"
header which indicates how many bytes are expected to be returned, the
"Location" header to track redirections.
There is no limit to the number of captured response headers nor to their
length, though it is wise to keep them low to limit memory usage per session.
In order to keep log format consistent for a same frontend, header captures
can only be declared in a frontend. It is not possible to specify a capture
in a "defaults" section.
Example:
capture response header Content-length len 9
capture response header Location len 15
See also : "capture cookie", "capture request header" as well as section 8 about logging.
clitimeout <timeout> (deprecated)
Set the maximum inactivity time on the client side.

yes
yes
yes no
Arguments :
<timeout> is the timeout value is specified in milliseconds by default, but
can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit,
as explained at the top of this document.
The inactivity timeout applies when the client is expected to acknowledge or
send data. In HTTP mode, this timeout is particularly important to consider
during the first phase, when the client sends the request, and during the
response while it is reading data sent by the server. The value is specified
in milliseconds by default, but can be in any other unit if the number is
suffixed by the unit, as specified at the top of this document. In TCP mode
(and to a lesser extent, in HTTP mode), it is highly recommended that the
client timeout remains equal to the server timeout in order to avoid complex
situations to debug. It is a good practice to cover one or several TCP packet
losses by specifying timeouts that are slightly above multiples of 3 seconds
(eg: 4 or 5 seconds).
This parameter is specific to frontends, but can be specified once for all in
"defaults" sections. This is in fact one of the easiest solutions not to
forget about it. An unspecified timeout results in an infinite timeout, which
is not recommended. Such a usage is accepted and works but reports a warning
during startup because it may results in accumulation of expired sessions in
the system if the system's timeouts are not configured either.
This parameter is provided for compatibility but is currently deprecated.
Please use "timeout client" instead.
See also : "timeout client", "timeout http-request", "timeout server", and "srvtimeout".
compression algo <algorithm> ...
compression type <mime type> ...
compression offload
Enable HTTP compression.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
algo
type
offload
is followed by the list of supported compression algorithms.

is followed by the list of MIME types that will be compressed.
makes haproxy work as a compression offloader only (see notes).
The currently supported algorithms are :

identity
this is mostly for debugging, and it was useful for developing
the compression feature. Identity does not apply any change on
data.
gzip
applies gzip compression. This setting is only available when

support for zlib was built in.
deflate
same as "gzip", but with deflate algorithm and zlib format.

Note that this algorithm has ambiguous support on many
browsers and no support at all from recent ones. It is
strongly recommended not to use it for anything else than
experimentation. This setting is only available when support
for zlib was built in.
raw-deflate
same as "deflate" without the zlib wrapper, and used as an

alternative when the browser wants "deflate". All major
browsers understand it and despite violating the standards,
it is known to work better than "deflate", at least on MSIE
and some versions of Safari. Do not use it in conjunction
with "deflate", use either one or the other since both react
to the same Accept-Encoding token. This setting is only
available when support for zlib was built in.
Compression will be activated depending on the Accept-Encoding request

header. With identity, it does not take care of that header.
If backend servers support HTTP compression, these directives
will be no-op: haproxy will see the compressed response and will not
compress again. If backend servers do not support HTTP compression and
there is Accept-Encoding header in request, haproxy will compress the
matching response.
The "offload" setting makes haproxy remove the Accept-Encoding header to
prevent backend servers from compressing responses. It is strongly
recommended not to do this because this means that all the compression work
will be done on the single point where haproxy is located. However in some
deployment scenarios, haproxy may be installed in front of a buggy gateway
with broken HTTP compression implementation which can't be turned off.
In that case haproxy can be used to prevent that gateway from emitting
invalid payloads. In this case, simply removing the header in the
configuration does not work because it applies before the header is parsed,
so that prevents haproxy from compressing. The "offload" setting should
then be used for such scenarios. Note: for now, the "offload" setting is
ignored when set in a defaults section.
Compression is disabled when:
* the request does not advertise a supported compression algorithm in the
"Accept-Encoding" header
* the response message is not HTTP/1.1
* HTTP status code is not 200
* response header "Transfer-Encoding" contains "chunked" (Temporary
Workaround)
* response contain neither a "Content-Length" header nor a
"Transfer-Encoding" whose last value is "chunked"
* response contains a "Content-Type" header whose first value starts with
"multipart"
* the response contains the "no-transform" value in the "Cache-control"
header
* User-Agent matches "Mozilla/4" unless it is MSIE 6 with XP SP2, or MSIE 7
and later
* The response contains a "Content-Encoding" header, indicating that the
response is already compressed (see compression offload)
Note: The compression does not rewrite Etag headers, and does not emit the
Warning header.
Examples :
compression algo gzip
compression type text/html text/plain
contimeout <timeout> (deprecated)

Set the maximum time to wait for a connection attempt to a server to succeed.

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<timeout> is the timeout value is specified in milliseconds by default, but
If the server is located on the same LAN as haproxy, the connection should be
immediate (less than a few milliseconds). Anyway, it is a good practice to
cover one or several TCP packet losses by specifying timeouts that are
slightly above multiples of 3 seconds (eg: 4 or 5 seconds). By default, the
connect timeout also presets the queue timeout to the same value if this one
has not been specified. Historically, the contimeout was also used to set the
tarpit timeout in a listen section, which is not possible in a pure frontend.
This parameter is specific to backends, but can be specified once for all in
during startup because it may results in accumulation of failed sessions in
This parameter is provided for backwards compatibility but is currently
deprecated. Please use "timeout connect", "timeout queue" or "timeout tarpit"
instead.
See also : "timeout connect", "timeout queue", "timeout tarpit", "timeout server", "contimeout".
cookie <name> [ rewrite | insert | prefix ] [ indirect ] [ nocache ] [ postonly ] [ preserve ] [ httponly ] [ secure ] [ domain <domain> ]* [ maxidle <idle> ] [ maxlife <life> ]
Enable cookie-based persistence in a backend.

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<name>
is the name of the cookie which will be monitored, modified or

inserted in order to bring persistence. This cookie is sent to
the client via a "Set-Cookie" header in the response, and is
brought back by the client in a "Cookie" header in all requests.
Special care should be taken to choose a name which does not
conflict with any likely application cookie. Also, if the same
backends are subject to be used by the same clients (eg:
HTTP/HTTPS), care should be taken to use different cookie names
between all backends if persistence between them is not desired.
rewrite
This keyword indicates that the cookie will be provided by the

server and that haproxy will have to modify its value to set the
server's identifier in it. This mode is handy when the management
of complex combinations of "Set-cookie" and "Cache-control"
headers is left to the application. The application can then
decide whether or not it is appropriate to emit a persistence
cookie. Since all responses should be monitored, this mode only
works in HTTP close mode. Unless the application behaviour is
very complex and/or broken, it is advised not to start with this
mode for new deployments. This keyword is incompatible with
"insert" and "prefix".
insert
This keyword indicates that the persistence cookie will have to

be inserted by haproxy in server responses if the client did not
already have a cookie that would have permitted it to access this
server. When used without the "preserve" option, if the server
emits a cookie with the same name, it will be remove before
processing. For this reason, this mode can be used to upgrade
existing configurations running in the "rewrite" mode. The cookie
will only be a session cookie and will not be stored on the
client's disk. By default, unless the "indirect" option is added,
the server will see the cookies emitted by the client. Due to
caching effects, it is generally wise to add the "nocache" or
"postonly" keywords (see below). The "insert" keyword is not
compatible with "rewrite" and "prefix".
prefix
This keyword indicates that instead of relying on a dedicated

cookie for the persistence, an existing one will be completed.
This may be needed in some specific environments where the client
does not support more than one single cookie and the application
already needs it. In this case, whenever the server sets a cookie
named <name>, it will be prefixed with the server's identifier
and a delimiter. The prefix will be removed from all client
requests so that the server still finds the cookie it emitted.
Since all requests and responses are subject to being modified,
this mode requires the HTTP close mode. The "prefix" keyword is
not compatible with "rewrite" and "insert". Note: it is highly
recommended not to use "indirect" with "prefix", otherwise server
cookie updates would not be sent to clients.
indirect
When this option is specified, no cookie will be emitted to a

client which already has a valid one for the server which has
processed the request. If the server sets such a cookie itself,
it will be removed, unless the "preserve" option is also set. In
"insert" mode, this will additionally remove cookies from the
requests transmitted to the server, making the persistence
mechanism totally transparent from an application point of view.
Note: it is highly recommended not to use "indirect" with
"prefix", otherwise server cookie updates would not be sent to
clients.
nocache
This option is recommended in conjunction with the insert mode

when there is a cache between the client and HAProxy, as it
ensures that a cacheable response will be tagged non-cacheable if
a cookie needs to be inserted. This is important because if all
persistence cookies are added on a cacheable home page for
instance, then all customers will then fetch the page from an
outer cache and will all share the same persistence cookie,
leading to one server receiving much more traffic than others.
See also the "insert" and "postonly" options.
postonly
This option ensures that cookie insertion will only be performed

on responses to POST requests. It is an alternative to the
"nocache" option, because POST responses are not cacheable, so
this ensures that the persistence cookie will never get cached.
Since most sites do not need any sort of persistence before the
first POST which generally is a login request, this is a very
efficient method to optimize caching without risking to find a
persistence cookie in the cache.
See also the "insert" and "nocache" options.
preserve
This option may only be used with "insert" and/or "indirect". It

allows the server to emit the persistence cookie itself. In this
case, if a cookie is found in the response, haproxy will leave it
untouched. This is useful in order to end persistence after a
logout request for instance. For this, the server just has to
emit a cookie with an invalid value (eg: empty) or with a date in
the past. By combining this mechanism with the "disable-on-404"
check option, it is possible to perform a completely graceful
shutdown because users will definitely leave the server after
they logout.
httponly
This option tells haproxy to add an "HttpOnly" cookie attribute

when a cookie is inserted. This attribute is used so that a
user agent doesn't share the cookie with non-HTTP components.
Please check RFC6265 for more information on this attribute.
secure
This option tells haproxy to add a "Secure" cookie attribute when

a cookie is inserted. This attribute is used so that a user agent
never emits this cookie over non-secure channels, which means
that a cookie learned with this flag will be presented only over
SSL/TLS connections. Please check RFC6265 for more information on
this attribute.
domain
This option allows to specify the domain at which a cookie is

inserted. It requires exactly one parameter: a valid domain
name. If the domain begins with a dot, the browser is allowed to
use it for any host ending with that name. It is also possible to
specify several domain names by invoking this option multiple
times. Some browsers might have small limits on the number of
domains, so be careful when doing that. For the record, sending
10 domains to MSIE 6 or Firefox 2 works as expected.
maxidle
This option allows inserted cookies to be ignored after some idle

time. It only works with insert-mode cookies. When a cookie is
sent to the client, the date this cookie was emitted is sent too.
Upon further presentations of this cookie, if the date is older
than the delay indicated by the parameter (in seconds), it will
be ignored. Otherwise, it will be refreshed if needed when the
response is sent to the client. This is particularly useful to
prevent users who never close their browsers from remaining for
too long on the same server (eg: after a farm size change). When
this option is set and a cookie has no date, it is always
accepted, but gets refreshed in the response. This maintains the
ability for admins to access their sites. Cookies that have a
date in the future further than 24 hours are ignored. Doing so
lets admins fix timezone issues without risking kicking users off
the site.
maxlife
This option allows inserted cookies to be ignored after some life

time, whether they're in use or not. It only works with insert
mode cookies. When a cookie is first sent to the client, the date
this cookie was emitted is sent too. Upon further presentations
of this cookie, if the date is older than the delay indicated by
the parameter (in seconds), it will be ignored. If the cookie in
the request has no date, it is accepted and a date will be set.
Cookies that have a date in the future further than 24 hours are
ignored. Doing so lets admins fix timezone issues without risking
kicking users off the site. Contrary to maxidle, this value is
not refreshed, only the first visit date counts. Both maxidle and
maxlife may be used at the time. This is particularly useful to
prevent users who never close their browsers from remaining for
too long on the same server (eg: after a farm size change). This
is stronger than the maxidle method in that it forces a
redispatch after some absolute delay.
There can be only one persistence cookie per HTTP backend, and it can be
declared in a defaults section. The value of the cookie will be the value
indicated after the "cookie
" keyword in a "server" statement. If no cookie
is declared for a given server, the cookie is not set.
Examples :
cookie
cookie
cookie
cookie
JSESSIONID
SRV insert
SRV insert
SRV insert
prefix
indirect nocache
postonly indirect
indirect nocache maxidle 30m maxlife 8h
See also : "balance source", "capture cookie", "server" and "ignore-persist".

declare capture [ request | response ] len <length>
Declares a capture slot.

no
yes
yes no
Arguments:
<length> is the length allowed for the capture.

This declaration is only available in the frontend or listen section, but the
reserved slot can be used in the backends. The "request" keyword allocates a
capture slot for use in the request, and "response" allocates a capture slot
for use in the response.
See also: "capture-req", "capture-res" (sample converters), "capture.req.hdr", "capture.res.hdr" (sample fetches), "http-request capture" and "http-response capture".
default-server [param*]
Change default options for a server in a backend

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments:
<param*>
is a list of parameters for this server. The "default-server"

keyword accepts an important number of options and has a complete
section dedicated to it. Please refer to section 5 for more
details.
Example :
default-server inter 1000 weight 13
See also: "server" and section 5 about server options

default_backend <backend>
Specify the backend to use when no "use_backend" rule has been matched.

yes
yes
yes no
Arguments :
<backend> is the name of the backend to use.
When doing content-switching between frontend and backends using the
"use_backend" keyword, it is often useful to indicate which backend will be
used when no rule has matched. It generally is the dynamic backend which
will catch all undetermined requests.
Example :
use_backend
dynamic
use_backend
static
default_backend dynamic
if
if
url_dyn
url_css url_img extension_img
See also : "use_backend"

description <string>
Describe a listen, frontend or backend.

no
yes
yes yes
Arguments : string
Allows to add a sentence to describe the related object in the HAProxy HTML
stats page. The description will be printed on the right of the object name
it describes.
No need to backslash spaces in the <string> arguments.
disabled
Disable a proxy, frontend or backend.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments : none
The "disabled
Peers
" keyword is used to disable an instance, mainly in order to
liberate a listening port or to temporarily disable a service. The instance
will still be created and its configuration will be checked, but it will be
created in the "stopped" state and will appear as such in the statistics. It
will not receive any traffic nor will it send any health-checks or logs. It
is possible to disable many instances at once by adding the "disabled
Peers

"
keyword in a "defaults" section.
See also : "enabled"

dispatch <address>:<port>
Set a default server address

no
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<address> is the IPv4 address of the default server. Alternatively, a
resolvable hostname is supported, but this name will be resolved
during start-up.
<ports>
is a mandatory port specification. All connections will be sent

to this port, and it is not permitted to use port offsets as is
possible with normal servers.
The "dispatch" keyword designates a default server for use when no other
server can take the connection. In the past it was used to forward non
persistent connections to an auxiliary load balancer. Due to its simple
syntax, it has also been used for simple TCP relays. It is recommended not to
use it for more clarity, and to use the "server" directive instead.
See also : "server"

enabled
Enable a proxy, frontend or backend.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments : none
The "enabled" keyword is used to explicitly enable an instance, when the
defaults has been set to "disabled
Peers
". This is very rarely used.
See also : "disabled

Peers
"
errorfile <code> <file>
Return a file contents instead of errors generated by HAProxy

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<code>
is the HTTP status code. Currently, HAProxy is capable of

generating codes 200, 400, 403, 405, 408, 429, 500, 502, 503, and
504.
<file>
designates a file containing the full HTTP response. It is

recommended to follow the common practice of appending ".http" to
the filename so that people do not confuse the response with HTML
error pages, and to use absolute paths, since files are read
before any chroot is performed.
It is important to understand that this keyword is not meant to rewrite

errors returned by the server, but errors detected and returned by HAProxy.
This is why the list of supported errors is limited to a small set.
Code 200 is emitted in response to requests matching a "monitor-uri" rule.
The files are returned verbatim on the TCP socket. This allows any trick such
as redirections to another URL or site, as well as tricks to clean cookies,
force enable or disable caching, etc... The package provides default error
files returning the same contents as default errors.
The files should not exceed the configured buffer size (BUFSIZE), which
generally is 8 or 16 kB, otherwise they will be truncated. It is also wise
not to put any reference to local contents (eg: images) in order to avoid
loops between the client and HAProxy when all servers are down, causing an
error to be returned instead of an image. For better HTTP compliance, it is
recommended that all header lines end with CR-LF and not LF alone.
The files are read at the same time as the configuration and kept in memory.
For this reason, the errors continue to be returned even when the process is
chrooted, and no file change is considered while the process is running. A
simple method for developing those files consists in associating them to the
403 status code and interrogating a blocked URL.
See also : "errorloc", "errorloc302", "errorloc303"

Example :
errorfile
errorfile
errorfile
errorfile
400
408
403
503
/etc/haproxy/errorfiles/400badreq.http
/dev/null # workaround Chrome pre-connect bug
/etc/haproxy/errorfiles/403forbid.http
/etc/haproxy/errorfiles/503sorry.http
errorloc <code> <url>

errorloc302 <code> <url>
Return an HTTP redirection to a URL instead of errors generated by HAProxy

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<code>

generating codes 200, 400, 403, 408, 500, 502, 503, and 504.
<url>
it is the exact contents of the "Location" header. It may contain

either a relative URI to an error page hosted on the same site,
or an absolute URI designating an error page on another site.
Special care should be given to relative URIs to avoid redirect
loops if the URI itself may generate the same error (eg: 500).

Note that both keyword return the HTTP 302 status code, which tells the
client to fetch the designated URL using the same HTTP method. This can be
quite problematic in case of non-GET methods such as POST, because the URL
sent to the client might not be allowed for something other than GET. To
workaround this problem, please use "errorloc303" which send the HTTP 303
status code, indicating to the client that the URL must be fetched with a GET
request.
See also : "errorfile", "errorloc303"

errorloc303 <code> <url>
Return an HTTP redirection to a URL instead of errors generated by HAProxy

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<code>

generating codes 400, 403, 408, 500, 502, 503, and 504.
<url>
it is the exact contents of the "Location" header. It may contain

either a relative URI to an error page hosted on the same site,
or an absolute URI designating an error page on another site.
Special care should be given to relative URIs to avoid redirect
loops if the URI itself may generate the same error (eg: 500).

Note that both keyword return the HTTP 303 status code, which tells the
client to fetch the designated URL using the same HTTP GET method. This
solves the usual problems associated with "errorloc" and the 302 code. It is
possible that some very old browsers designed before HTTP/1.1 do not support
it, but no such problem has been reported till now.
See also : "errorfile", "errorloc", "errorloc302"

email-alert from <emailaddr>
Declare the from email address to be used in both the envelope and header
of email alerts. This is the address that email alerts are sent from.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<emailaddr> is the from email address to use when sending email alerts
Also requires "email-alert mailers" and "email-alert to" to be set

and if so sending email alerts is enabled for the proxy.
See also : "email-alert level", "email-alert mailers", "email-alert myhostname", "email-alert to", section 3.6 about mailers.
email-alert level <level>
Declare the maximum log level of messages for which email alerts will be
sent. This acts as a filter on the sending of email alerts.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<level> One of the 8 syslog levels:
emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug
The above syslog levels are ordered from lowest to highest.
By default level is alert
Also requires "email-alert from", "email-alert mailers" and
"email-alert to" to be set and if so sending email alerts is enabled
for the proxy.
Alerts are sent when :
* An un-paused server is marked as down and <level> is alert or lower
* A paused server is marked as down and <level> is notice or lower
* A server is marked as up or enters the drain state and <level>
is notice or lower
* "option log-health-checks" is enabled, <level> is info or lower,
and a health check status update occurs
See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert mailers", "email-alert myhostname", "email-alert to", section 3.6 about mailers.
email-alert mailers <mailersect>
Declare the mailers to be used when sending email alerts

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<mailersect> is the name of the mailers section to send email alerts.
Also requires "email-alert from" and "email-alert to" to be set
See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert level", "email-alert myhostname", "email-alert to", section 3.6 about mailers.
email-alert myhostname <hostname>
Declare the to hostname address to be used when communicating with
mailers.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<emailaddr> is the to email address to use when sending email alerts
By default the systems hostname is used.
Also requires "email-alert from", "email-alert mailers" and
"email-alert to" to be set and if so sending email alerts is enabled
for the proxy.
See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert level", "email-alert mailers", "email-alert to", section 3.6 about mailers.
email-alert to <emailaddr>
Declare both the recipent address in the envelope and to address in the
header of email alerts. This is the address that email alerts are sent to.

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<emailaddr> is the to email address to use when sending email alerts
Also requires "email-alert mailers" and "email-alert to" to be set
See also : "email-alert from", "email-alert level", "email-alert mailers", "email-alert myhostname", section 3.6 about mailers.
force-persist { if | unless } <condition>
Declare a condition to force persistence on down servers
no
yes
yes yes
By default, requests are not dispatched to down servers. It is possible to

force this using "option persist", but it is unconditional and redispatches
to a valid server if "option redispatch" is set. That leaves with very little
possibilities to force some requests to reach a server which is artificially
marked down for maintenance operations.
The "force-persist" statement allows one to declare various ACL-based
conditions which, when met, will cause a request to ignore the down status of
a server and still try to connect to it. That makes it possible to start a
server, still replying an error to the health checks, and run a specially
configured browser to test the service. Among the handy methods, one could
use a specific source IP address, or a specific cookie. The cookie also has
the advantage that it can easily be added/removed on the browser from a test
page. Once the service is validated, it is then possible to open the service
to the world by returning a valid response to health checks.
The forced persistence is enabled when an "if" condition is met, or unless an
"unless" condition is met. The final redispatch is always disabled when this
is used.
See also : "option redispatch", "ignore-persist", "persist", and section 7 about ACL usage.
fullconn <conns>
Specify at what backend load the servers will reach their maxconn

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<conns>
is the number of connections on the backend which will make the

servers use the maximal number of connections.
When a server has a "maxconn

Performance tuning
Bind options
" parameter specified, it means that its number
of concurrent connections will never go higher. Additionally, if it has a
"minconn" parameter, it indicates a dynamic limit following the backend's
load. The server will then always accept at least <minconn> connections,
never more than <maxconn>, and the limit will be on the ramp between both
values when the backend has less than <conns> concurrent connections. This
makes it possible to limit the load on the servers during normal loads, but
push it further for important loads without overloading the servers during
exceptional loads.
Since it's hard to get this value right, haproxy automatically sets it to
10% of the sum of the maxconns of all frontends that may branch to this
backend (based on "use_backend" and "default_backend" rules). That way it's
safe to leave it unset. However, "use_backend" involving dynamic names are
not counted since there is no way to know if they could match or not.
Example :
# The servers will accept between 100 and 1000 concurrent connections each
# and the maximum of 1000 will be reached when the backend reaches 10000
# connections.
backend dynamic
fullconn
10000
server
srv1
dyn1:80 minconn 100 maxconn 1000
server
srv2
dyn2:80 minconn 100 maxconn 1000
See also : "maxconn

Performance tuning
Bind options
", "server"
grace <time>
Maintain a proxy operational for some time after a soft stop

yes
yes
yes yes
Arguments :
<time>
is the time (by default in milliseconds) for which the instance

will remain operational with the frontend sockets still listening
when a soft-stop is received via the SIGUSR1 signal.
This may be used to ensure that the services disappear in a certain order.
This was designed so that frontends which are dedicated to monitoring by an
external equipment fail immediately while other ones remain up for the time
needed by the equipment to detect the failure.
Note that currently, there is very little benefit in using this parameter,
and it may in fact complicate the soft-reconfiguration process more than
simplify it.
hash-type <method> <function> <modifier>

Specify a method to use for mapping hashes to servers

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<method> is the method used to select a server from the hash computed by
the <function> :
map-based
the hash table is a static array containing all alive servers.

The hashes will be very smooth, will consider weights, but
will be static in that weight changes while a server is up
will be ignored. This means that there will be no slow start.
Also, since a server is selected by its position in the array,
most mappings are changed when the server count changes. This
means that when a server goes up or down, or when a server is
added to a farm, most connections will be redistributed to
different servers. This can be inconvenient with caches for
instance.
consistent
the hash table is a tree filled with many occurrences of each

server. The hash key is looked up in the tree and the closest
server is chosen. This hash is dynamic, it supports changing
weights while the servers are up, so it is compatible with the
slow start feature. It has the advantage that when a server
goes up or down, only its associations are moved. When a
server is added to the farm, only a few part of the mappings
are redistributed, making it an ideal method for caches.
However, due to its principle, the distribution will never be
very smooth and it may sometimes be necessary to adjust a
server's weight or its ID to get a more balanced distribution.
In order to get the same distribution on multiple load
balancers, it is important that all servers have the exact
same IDs. Note: consistent hash uses sdbm and avalanche if no
hash function is specified.
<function> is the hash function to be used :

sdbm
this function was created initially for sdbm (a public-domain

reimplementation of ndbm) database library. It was found to do
well in scrambling bits, causing better distribution of the keys
and fewer splits. It also happens to be a good general hashing
function with good distribution, unless the total server weight
is a multiple of 64, in which case applying the avalanche
modifier may help.
djb2
this function was first proposed by Dan Bernstein many years ago
on comp.lang.c. Studies have shown that for certain workload this
function provides a better distribution than sdbm. It generally
works well with text-based inputs though it can perform extremely
poorly with numeric-only input or when the total server weight is
a multiple of 33, unless the avalanche modifier is also used.
wt6
this function was designed for haproxy while testing other

functions in the past. It is not as smooth as the other ones, but
is much less sensible to the input data set or to the number of
servers. It can make sense as an alternative to sdbm+avalanche or
djb2+avalanche for consistent hashing or when hashing on numeric
data such as a source IP address or a visitor identifier in a URL
parameter.
crc32
this is the most common CRC32 implementation as used in Ethernet,

gzip, PNG, etc. It is slower than the other ones but may provide
a better distribution or less predictable results especially when
used on strings.
<modifier> indicates an optional method applied after hashing the key :

avalanche
This directive indicates that the result from the hash

function above should not be used in its raw form but that
a 4-byte full avalanche hash must be applied first. The
purpose of this step is to mix the resulting bits from the
previous hash in order to avoid any undesired effect when
the input contains some limited values or when the number of
servers is a multiple of one of the hash's components (64
for SDBM, 33 for DJB2). Enabling avalanche tends to make the
result less predictable, but it's also not as smooth as when
using the original function. Some testing might be needed
with some workloads. This hash is one of the many proposed
by Bob Jenkins.
The default hash type is "map-based" and is recommended for most usages. The
default function is "sdbm", the selection of a function should be based on
the range of the values being hashed.
See also : "balance", "server"

http-check disable-on-404
Enable a maintenance mode upon HTTP/404 response to health-checks

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments : none
When this option is set, a server which returns an HTTP code 404 will be
excluded from further load-balancing, but will still receive persistent
connections. This provides a very convenient method for Web administrators
to perform a graceful shutdown of their servers. It is also important to note
that a server which is detected as failed while it was in this mode will not
generate an alert, just a notice. If the server responds 2xx or 3xx again, it
will immediately be reinserted into the farm. The status on the stats page
reports "NOLB" for a server in this mode. It is important to note that this
option only works in conjunction with the "httpchk" option. If this option
is used with "http-check expect", then it has precedence over it so that 404
responses will still be considered as soft-stop.
See also : "option httpchk", "http-check expect"

http-check expect [!] <match> <pattern>
Make HTTP health checks consider response contents or specific status codes

yes
no
yes yes
Arguments :
<match>
is a keyword indicating how to look for a specific pattern in the

response. The keyword may be one of "status", "rstatus",
"string", or "rstring". The keyword may be preceded by an
exclamation mark ("!") to negate the match. Spaces are allowed
between the exclamation mark and the keyword. See below for more
details on the supported keywords.
<pattern> is the pattern to look for. It may be a string or a regular

expression. If the pattern contains spaces, they must be escaped
with the usual backslash ('\').
By default, "option httpchk" considers that response statuses 2xx and 3xx
are valid, and that others are invalid. When "http-check expect" is used,
it defines what is considered valid or invalid. Only one "http-check"
statement is supported in a backend. If a server fails to respond or times
out, the check obviously fails. The available matches are :
status <string> : test the exact string match for the HTTP status code.
A health check response will be considered valid if the
response's status code is exactly this string. If the
"status" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response
will be considered invalid if the status code matches.
rstatus <regex> : test a regular expression for the HTTP status code.
response's status code matches the expression. If the
"rstatus" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response
will be considered invalid if the status code matches.
This is mostly used to check for multiple codes.
string <string> : test the exact string match in the HTTP response body.
response's body contains this exact string. If the
"string" keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response
will be considered invalid if the body contains this
string. This can be used to look for a mandatory word at
the end of a dynamic page, or to detect a failure when a
specific error appears on the check page (eg: a stack
trace).
rstring <regex> : test a regular expression on the HTTP response body.
response's body matches this expression. If the "rstring"
keyword is prefixed with "!", then the response will be
considered invalid if the body matches the expression.
This can be used to look for a mandatory word at the end
of a dynamic page, or to detect a failure when a specific
error appears on the check page (eg: a stack trace).
It is important to note that the responses will be limited to a certain size
defined by the global "tune.chksize" option, which defaults to 16384 bytes.
Thus, too large responses may not contain the mandatory pattern when using
"string" or "rstring". If a large response is absolutely required, it is
possible to change the default max size by setting the global variable.
However, it is worth keeping in mind that parsing very large responses can
waste some CPU cycles, especially when regular expressions are used, and that
it is always better to focus the checks on smaller resources.
Also "http-check expect" doesn't support HTTP keep-alive. Keep in mind that it
will automatically append a "Connection: close" header, meaning that this
header should not be present in the request provided by "option httpchk".
Last, if "http-check expect" is combined with "http-check disable-on-404",
then this last one has precedence when the server responds with 404.
Examples :
# only accept status 200 as valid
http-check expect status 200
# consider SQL errors as errors

http-check expect ! string SQL\ Error
# consider status 5xx only as errors
http-check expect ! rstatus ^5
# check that we have a correct hexadecimal tag before /html
http-check expect rstring <--><------------><---->
|
|
|
|
`- trailing spaces ignored
|
|
|
`---------- value
|
|
`-------------------- middle spaces ignored
|
`---------------------------- key
`------------------------------------ leading spaces ignored
mod(<value>)
Divides the input value of type signed integer by <value>, and returns the
remainder as an signed integer. If <value> is null, then zero is returned.
<value> can be a numeric value or a variable name. The name of the variable
starts by an indication about its scope. The allowed scopes are:
response),
mul(<value>)
Multiplies the input value of type signed integer by <value>, and returns
the product as an signed integer. In case of overflow, the largest possible
value for the sign is returned so that the operation doesn't wrap around.
response),
neg
Takes the input value of type signed integer, computes the opposite value,
and returns the remainder as an signed integer. 0 is identity. This operator
is provided for reversed subtracts : in order to subtract the input from a
constant, simply perform a "neg,add(value)".
not
Returns a boolean FALSE if the input value of type signed integer is
non-null, otherwise returns TRUE. Used in conjunction with and(), it can be
used to report true/false for bit testing on input values (eg: verify the
absence of a flag).
odd
Returns a boolean TRUE if the input value of type signed integer is odd
otherwise returns FALSE. It is functionally equivalent to "and(1),bool".
or(<value>)
Performs a bitwise "OR" between <value> and the input value of type signed
integer, and returns the result as an signed integer. <value> can be a
numeric value or a variable name. The name of the variable starts by an
indication about its scope. The allowed scopes are:
response),
regsub(<regex>,<subst>[,<flags>])
Applies a regex-based substitution to the input string. It does the same
operation as the well-known "sed" utility with "s/<regex>/<subst>/". By
default it will replace in the input string the first occurrence of the
largest part matching the regular expression <regex> with the substitution
string <subst>. It is possible to replace all occurrences instead by adding
the flag "g" in the third argument <flags>. It is also possible to make the
regex case insensitive by adding the flag "i" in <flags>. Since <flags> is a
string, it is made up from the concatenation of all desired flags. Thus if
both "i" and "g" are desired, using "gi" or "ig" will have the same effect.
It is important to note that due to the current limitations of the
configuration parser, some characters such as closing parenthesis or comma
are not possible to use in the arguments. The first use of this converter is
to replace certain characters or sequence of characters with other ones.
Example :
# de-duplicate "/" in header "x-path".
# input: x-path: /////a///b/c/xzxyz/
# output: x-path: /a/b/c/xzxyz/
http-request set-header x-path %[hdr(x-path),regsub(/+,/,g)]
capture-req(<id>)
Capture the string entry in the request slot <id> and returns the entry as
is. If the slot doesn't exist, the capture fails silently.
See also: "declare capture", "http-request capture", "http-response capture", "capture.req.hdr" and "capture.res.hdr" (sample fetches).
capture-res(<id>)
Capture the string entry in the response slot <id> and returns the entry as
is. If the slot doesn't exist, the capture fails silently.
See also: "declare capture", "http-request capture", "http-response capture", "capture.req.hdr" and "capture.res.hdr" (sample fetches).
sdbm([<avalanche>])
Hashes a binary input sample into an unsigned 32-bit quantity using the SDBM
32-bit hash is trivial to break. See also "crc32", "djb2", "wt6" and the
set-var(<var name>)
Sets a variable with the input content and return the content on the output as
is. The variable keep the value and the associated input type. The name of the
variable starts by an indication about it scope. The scope allowed are:
response),
sub(<value>)
Subtracts <value> from the input value of type signed integer, and returns
the result as an signed integer. Note: in order to subtract the input from
a constant, simply perform a "neg,add(value)". <value> can be a numeric value
or a variable name. The name of the variable starts by an indication about its
response),
table_bytes_in_rate(<table>)
the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, integer value zero
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average client-to-server
bytes rate associated with the input sample in the designated table, measured
in amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. See also the
sc_bytes_in_rate sample fetch keyword.
table_bytes_out_rate(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average server-to-client
bytes rate associated with the input sample in the designated table, measured
in amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. See also the
sc_bytes_out_rate sample fetch keyword.
table_conn_cnt(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of incoming
connections associated with the input sample in the designated table. See
also the sc_conn_cnt sample fetch keyword.
table_conn_cur(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the current amount of concurrent
tracked connections associated with the input sample in the designated table.
See also the sc_conn_cur sample fetch keyword.
table_conn_rate(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average incoming connection
rate associated with the input sample in the designated table. See also the
sc_conn_rate sample fetch keyword.
table_gpt0(<table>)
the specified table. If the key is not found in the table, boolean value zero
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the current value of the first
general purpose tag associated with the input sample in the designated table.
See also the sc_get_gpt0 sample fetch keyword.
table_gpc0(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the current value of the first
general purpose counter associated with the input sample in the designated
table. See also the sc_get_gpc0 sample fetch keyword.
table_gpc0_rate(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the frequency which the gpc0
counter was incremented over the configured period in the table, associated
with the input sample in the designated table. See also the sc_get_gpc0_rate
sample fetch keyword.
table_http_err_cnt(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of HTTP
errors associated with the input sample in the designated table. See also the
sc_http_err_cnt sample fetch keyword.
table_http_err_rate(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the average rate of HTTP errors associated with the
input sample in the designated table, measured in amount of errors over the
period configured in the table. See also the sc_http_err_rate sample fetch
keyword.
table_http_req_cnt(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of HTTP
requests associated with the input sample in the designated table. See also
the sc_http_req_cnt sample fetch keyword.
table_http_req_rate(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the average rate of HTTP requests associated with the
input sample in the designated table, measured in amount of requests over the
period configured in the table. See also the sc_http_req_rate sample fetch
keyword.
table_kbytes_in(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of clientto-server data associated with the input sample in the designated table,
measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit integers,
which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also the sc_kbytes_in sample fetch
keyword.
table_kbytes_out(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of serverto-client data associated with the input sample in the designated table,
measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit integers,
which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also the sc_kbytes_out sample fetch
keyword.
table_server_id(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the server ID associated with
the input sample in the designated table. A server ID is associated to a
sample by a "stick" rule when a connection to a server succeeds. A server ID
zero means that no server is associated with this key.
table_sess_cnt(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the cumulated amount of incoming
sessions associated with the input sample in the designated table. Note that
a session here refers to an incoming connection being accepted by the
"tcp-request connection" rulesets. See also the sc_sess_cnt sample fetch
keyword.
table_sess_rate(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the average incoming session
rate associated with the input sample in the designated table. Note that a
session here refers to an incoming connection being accepted by the
"tcp-request connection" rulesets. See also the sc_sess_rate sample fetch
keyword.
table_trackers(<table>)
is returned. Otherwise the converter returns the current amount of concurrent
connections tracking the same key as the input sample in the designated
table. It differs from table_conn_cur in that it does not rely on any stored
information but on the table's reference count (the "use" value which is
returned by "show table" on the CLI). This may sometimes be more suited for
layer7 tracking. It can be used to tell a server how many concurrent
connections there are from a given address for example. See also the
sc_trackers sample fetch keyword.
upper
Convert a string sample to upper case. This can only be placed after a string
sample fetch function or after a transformation keyword returning a string
type. The result is of type string.
url_dec
Takes an url-encoded string provided as input and returns the decoded
version as output. The input and the output are of type string.
utime(<format>[,<offset>])
representing this date in UTC time using a format defined by the <format>
string using strftime(3). The purpose is to allow any date format to be used
in logs. An optional <offset> in seconds may be applied to the input date
(positive or negative). See the strftime() man page for the format supported
by your operating system. See also the ltime converter.
Example :
# Emit two colons, one with the UTC time and another with ip:port
# Eg: 20140710162350 127.0.0.1:57325
log-format %[date,utime(%Y%m%d%H%M%S)]\ %ci:%cp
word(<index>,<delimiters>)
Extracts the nth word considering given delimiters from an input string.
Indexes start at 1 and delimiters are a string formatted list of chars.
wt6([<avalanche>])
Hashes a binary input sample into an unsigned 32-bit quantity using the WT6
32-bit hash is trivial to break. See also "crc32", "djb2", "sdbm", and the
xor(<value>)
Performs a bitwise "XOR" (exclusive OR) between <value> and the input value
of type signed integer, and returns the result as an signed integer.
response),
7.3.2. Fetching samples from internal states

A first set of sample fetch methods applies to internal information which does
not even relate to any client information. These ones are sometimes used with
"monitor-fail" directives to report an internal status to external watchers.
The sample fetch methods described in this section are usable anywhere.
always_false : boolean
Always returns the boolean "false" value. It may be used with ACLs as a
temporary replacement for another one when adjusting configurations.
always_true : boolean
Always returns the boolean "true" value. It may be used with ACLs as a
temporary replacement for another one when adjusting configurations.
avg_queue([<backend>]) : integer
Returns the total number of queued connections of the designated backend
divided by the number of active servers. The current backend is used if no
backend is specified. This is very similar to "queue" except that the size of
the farm is considered, in order to give a more accurate measurement of the
time it may take for a new connection to be processed. The main usage is with
ACL to return a sorry page to new users when it becomes certain they will get
a degraded service, or to pass to the backend servers in a header so that
they decide to work in degraded mode or to disable some functions to speed up
the processing a bit. Note that in the event there would not be any active
server anymore, twice the number of queued connections would be considered as
the measured value. This is a fair estimate, as we expect one server to get
back soon anyway, but we still prefer to send new traffic to another backend
if in better shape. See also the "queue", "be_conn", and "be_sess_rate"
sample fetches.
be_conn([<backend>]) : integer
Applies to the number of currently established connections on the backend,
possibly including the connection being evaluated. If no backend name is
specified, the current one is used. But it is also possible to check another
backend. It can be used to use a specific farm when the nominal one is full.
See also the "fe_conn", "queue" and "be_sess_rate" criteria.
be_sess_rate([<backend>]) : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the sessions creation rate on the
backend, in number of new sessions per second. This is used with ACLs to
switch to an alternate backend when an expensive or fragile one reaches too
high a session rate, or to limit abuse of service (eg. prevent sucking of an
online dictionary). It can also be useful to add this element to logs using a
log-format directive.
Example :
# Redirect to an error page if the dictionary is requested too often
backend dynamic
mode http
acl being_scanned be_sess_rate gt 100
redirect location /denied.html if being_scanned
bin(<hexa>) : bin
Returns a binary chain. The input is the hexadecimal representation
of the string.
bool(<bool>) : bool
Returns a boolean value. <bool> can be 'true', 'false', '1' or '0'.
'false' and '0' are the same. 'true' and '1' are the same.
connslots([<backend>]) : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of connection slots
still available in the backend, by totaling the maximum amount of
connections on all servers and the maximum queue size. This is probably only
used with ACLs.
The basic idea here is to be able to measure the number of connection "slots"
still available (connection + queue), so that anything beyond that (intended
usage; see "use_backend" keyword) can be redirected to a different backend.
'connslots' = number of available server connection slots, + number of

available server queue slots.
Note that while "fe_conn" may be used, "connslots" comes in especially
useful when you have a case of traffic going to one single ip, splitting into
multiple backends (perhaps using ACLs to do name-based load balancing) and
you want to be able to differentiate between different backends, and their
available "connslots". Also, whereas "nbsrv" only measures servers that are
actually *down*, this fetch is more fine-grained and looks into the number of
available connection slots as well. See also "queue" and "avg_queue".
OTHER CAVEATS AND NOTES: at this point in time, the code does not take care
of dynamic connections. Also, if any of the server maxconn, or maxqueue is 0,
then this fetch clearly does not make sense, in which case the value returned
will be -1.
date([<offset>]) : integer
Returns the current date as the epoch (number of seconds since 01/01/1970).
If an offset value is specified, then it is a number of seconds that is added
to the current date before returning the value. This is particularly useful
to compute relative dates, as both positive and negative offsets are allowed.
It is useful combined with the http_date converter.
Example :
# set an expires header to now+1 hour in every response
http-response set-header Expires %[date(3600),http_date]
env(<name>) : string
Returns a string containing the value of environment variable <name>. As a
reminder, environment variables are per-process and are sampled when the
process starts. This can be useful to pass some information to a next hop
server, or with ACLs to take specific action when the process is started a
certain way.
Examples :
# Pass the Via header to next hop with the local hostname in it
http-request add-header Via 1.1\ %[env(HOSTNAME)]
# reject cookie-less requests when the STOP environment variable is set
http-request deny if !{ cook(SESSIONID) -m found } { env(STOP) -m found }
fe_conn([<frontend>]) : integer
Returns the number of currently established connections on the frontend,
possibly including the connection being evaluated. If no frontend name is
specified, the current one is used. But it is also possible to check another
frontend. It can be used to return a sorry page before hard-blocking, or to
use a specific backend to drain new requests when the farm is considered
full. This is mostly used with ACLs but can also be used to pass some
statistics to servers in HTTP headers. See also the "dst_conn", "be_conn",
"fe_sess_rate" fetches.
fe_sess_rate([<frontend>]) : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the sessions creation rate on the
frontend, in number of new sessions per second. This is used with ACLs to
limit the incoming session rate to an acceptable range in order to prevent
abuse of service at the earliest moment, for example when combined with other
layer 4 ACLs in order to force the clients to wait a bit for the rate to go
down below the limit. It can also be useful to add this element to logs using
a log-format directive. See also the "rate-limit sessions" directive for use
in frontends.
Example :
# This frontend limits incoming mails to 10/s with a max of 100
# concurrent connections. We accept any connection below 10/s, and
# force excess clients to wait for 100 ms. Since clients are limited to
# 100 max, there cannot be more than 10 incoming mails per second.
frontend mail
bind :25
mode tcp
maxconn 100
acl too_fast fe_sess_rate ge 10
tcp-request inspect-delay 100ms
tcp-request content accept if ! too_fast
tcp-request content accept if WAIT_END
int(<integer>) : signed integer

Returns a signed integer.
ipv4(<ipv4>) : ipv4
Returns an ipv4.
ipv6(<ipv6>) : ipv6
Returns an ipv6.
meth(<method>) : method
Returns a method.
nbproc : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of processes that were
started (it equals the global "nbproc
" setting). This is useful for logging

and debugging purposes.
nbsrv([<backend>]) : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of usable servers of
either the current backend or the named backend. This is mostly used with
ACLs but can also be useful when added to logs. This is normally used to
switch to an alternate backend when the number of servers is too low to
to handle some load. It is useful to report a failure when combined with
"monitor fail".
proc : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the position of the process calling
the function, between 1 and global.nbproc. This is useful for logging and
debugging purposes.
queue([<backend>]) : integer
Returns the total number of queued connections of the designated backend,
including all the connections in server queues. If no backend name is
specified, the current one is used, but it is also possible to check another
one. This is useful with ACLs or to pass statistics to backend servers. This
can be used to take actions when queuing goes above a known level, generally
indicating a surge of traffic or a massive slowdown on the servers. One
possible action could be to reject new users but still accept old ones. See
also the "avg_queue", "be_conn", and "be_sess_rate" fetches.
rand([<range>]) : integer
Returns a random integer value within a range of <range> possible values,
starting at zero. If the range is not specified, it defaults to 2^32, which
gives numbers between 0 and 4294967295. It can be useful to pass some values
needed to take some routing decisions for example, or just for debugging
purposes. This random must not be used for security purposes.
srv_conn([<backend>/]<server>) : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of currently established
connections on the designated server, possibly including the connection being
evaluated. If <backend> is omitted, then the server is looked up in the
current backend. It can be used to use a specific farm when one server is
full, or to inform the server about our view of the number of active
connections with it. See also the "fe_conn", "be_conn" and "queue" fetch
methods.
srv_is_up([<backend>/]<server>) : boolean
Returns true when the designated server is UP, and false when it is either
DOWN or in maintenance mode. If <backend> is omitted, then the server is
looked up in the current backend. It is mainly used to take action based on
an external status reported via a health check (eg: a geographical site's
availability). Another possible use which is more of a hack consists in
using dummy servers as boolean variables that can be enabled or disabled from
the CLI, so that rules depending on those ACLs can be tweaked in realtime.
srv_sess_rate([<backend>/]<server>) : integer
Returns an integer corresponding to the sessions creation rate on the
designated server, in number of new sessions per second. If <backend> is
omitted, then the server is looked up in the current backend. This is mostly
used with ACLs but can make sense with logs too. This is used to switch to an
alternate backend when an expensive or fragile one reaches too high a session
rate, or to limit abuse of service (eg. prevent latent requests from
overloading servers).
Example :
# Redirect to a separate back
acl srv1_full srv_sess_rate(be1/srv1) gt 50
acl srv2_full srv_sess_rate(be1/srv2) gt 50
use_backend be2 if srv1_full or srv2_full
stopping : boolean
Returns TRUE if the process calling the function is currently stopping. This
can be useful for logging, or for relaxing certain checks or helping close
certain connections upon graceful shutdown.
str(<string>) : string
Returns a string.
table_avl([<table>]) : integer
Returns the total number of available entries in the current proxy's
stick-table or in the designated stick-table. See also table_cnt.
table_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the total number of entries currently in use in the current proxy's
stick-table or in the designated stick-table. See also src_conn_cnt and
table_avl for other entry counting methods.
var(<var-name>) : undefined
Returns a variable with the stored type. If the variable is not set, the
sample fetch fails. The name of the variable starts by an indication about its
scope. The scope allowed are:
response),


The layer 4 usually describes just the transport layer which in haproxy is
closest to the connection, where no content is yet made available. The fetch
methods described here are usable as low as the "tcp-request connection" rule
sets unless they require some future information. Those generally include
TCP/IP addresses and ports, as well as elements from stick-tables related to
the incoming connection. For retrieving a value from a sticky counters, the
counter number can be explicitly set as 0, 1, or 2 using the pre-defined
"sc0_", "sc1_", or "sc2_" prefix, or it can be specified as the first integer
argument when using the "sc_" prefix. An optional table may be specified with
the "sc*" form, in which case the currently tracked key will be looked up into
this alternate table instead of the table currently being tracked.
be_id : integer
Returns an integer containing the current backend's id. It can be used in
frontends with responses to check which backend processed the request.
dst : ip
This is the destination IPv4 address of the connection on the client side,
which is the address the client connected to. It can be useful when running
in transparent mode. It is of type IP and works on both IPv4 and IPv6 tables.
On IPv6 tables, IPv4 address is mapped to its IPv6 equivalent, according to
RFC 4291.
dst_conn : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of currently established
connections on the same socket including the one being evaluated. It is
normally used with ACLs but can as well be used to pass the information to
servers in an HTTP header or in logs. It can be used to either return a sorry
page before hard-blocking, or to use a specific backend to drain new requests
when the socket is considered saturated. This offers the ability to assign
different limits to different listening ports or addresses. See also the
"fe_conn" and "be_conn" fetches.
dst_port : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the destination TCP port of the
connection on the client side, which is the port the client connected to.
This might be used when running in transparent mode, when assigning dynamic
ports to some clients for a whole application session, to stick all users to
a same server, or to pass the destination port information to a server using
an HTTP header.
fe_id : integer
Returns an integer containing the current frontend's id. It can be used in
backends to check from which backend it was called, or to stick all users
coming via a same frontend to the same server.
sc_bytes_in_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_bytes_in_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average client-to-server bytes rate from the currently tracked
counters, measured in amount of bytes over the period configured in the
table. See also src_bytes_in_rate.
sc_bytes_out_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_bytes_out_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average server-to-client bytes rate from the currently tracked
counters, measured in amount of bytes over the period configured in the
table. See also src_bytes_out_rate.
sc_clr_gpc0(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_clr_gpc0([<table>]) : integer
Clears the first General Purpose Counter associated to the currently tracked
counters, and returns its previous value. Before the first invocation, the
stored value is zero, so first invocation will always return zero. This is
typically used as a second ACL in an expression in order to mark a connection
when a first ACL was verified :
# block if 5 consecutive requests continue to come faster than 10 sess
# per second, and reset the counter as soon as the traffic slows down.
acl abuse sc0_http_req_rate gt 10
acl kill sc0_inc_gpc0 gt 5
acl save sc0_clr_gpc0 ge 0
tcp-request connection accept if !abuse save
tcp-request connection reject if abuse kill
sc_conn_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of incoming connections from currently tracked
counters. See also src_conn_cnt.
sc_conn_cur(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_conn_cur([<table>]) : integer
Returns the current amount of concurrent connections tracking the same
tracked counters. This number is automatically incremented when tracking
begins and decremented when tracking stops. See also src_conn_cur.
sc_conn_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_conn_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average connection rate from the currently tracked counters,
measured in amount of connections over the period configured in the table.
See also src_conn_rate.
sc_get_gpc0(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_get_gpc0([<table>]) : integer
Returns the value of the first General Purpose Counter associated to the
currently tracked counters. See also src_get_gpc0 and sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_inc_gpc0.
sc_get_gpt0(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_get_gpt0([<table>]) : integer
Returns the value of the first General Purpose Tag associated to the
currently tracked counters. See also src_get_gpt0.
sc_gpc0_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_gpc0_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average increment rate of the first General Purpose Counter
associated to the currently tracked counters. It reports the frequency
which the gpc0 counter was incremented over the configured period. See also
src_gpc0_rate, sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_get_gpc0, and sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_inc_gpc0. Note
that the "gpc0_rate" counter must be stored in the stick-table for a value to
be returned, as "gpc0" only holds the event count.
sc_http_err_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_http_err_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of HTTP errors from the currently tracked
counters. This includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses.
See also src_http_err_cnt.
sc_http_err_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_http_err_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average rate of HTTP errors from the currently tracked counters,
measured in amount of errors over the period configured in the table. This
includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses. See also
src_http_err_rate.
sc_http_req_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_http_req_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of HTTP requests from the currently tracked
counters. This includes every started request, valid or not. See also
src_http_req_cnt.
sc_http_req_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_http_req_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average rate of HTTP requests from the currently tracked
counters, measured in amount of requests over the period configured in
the table. This includes every started request, valid or not. See also
src_http_req_rate.
sc_inc_gpc0(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_inc_gpc0([<table>]) : integer
Increments the first General Purpose Counter associated to the currently
tracked counters, and returns its new value. Before the first invocation,
the stored value is zero, so first invocation will increase it to 1 and will
return 1. This is typically used as a second ACL in an expression in order
to mark a connection when a first ACL was verified :
acl abuse sc0_http_req_rate gt 10
acl kill sc0_inc_gpc0 gt 0
sc_kbytes_in(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_kbytes_in([<table>]) : integer
Returns the total amount of client-to-server data from the currently tracked
counters, measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit
integers, which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also src_kbytes_in.
sc_kbytes_out(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_kbytes_out([<table>]) : integer
Returns the total amount of server-to-client data from the currently tracked
counters, measured in kilobytes. The test is currently performed on 32-bit
integers, which limits values to 4 terabytes. See also src_kbytes_out.
sc_sess_cnt(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_sess_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of incoming connections that were transformed
into sessions, which means that they were accepted by a "tcp-request
connection" rule, from the currently tracked counters. A backend may count
more sessions than connections because each connection could result in many
backend sessions if some HTTP keep-alive is performed over the connection
with the client. See also src_sess_cnt.
sc_sess_rate(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_sess_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average session rate from the currently tracked counters,
measured in amount of sessions over the period configured in the table. A
session is a connection that got past the early "tcp-request connection"
rules. A backend may count more sessions than connections because each
connection could result in many backend sessions if some HTTP keep-alive is
performed over the connection with the client. See also src_sess_rate.
sc_tracked(<ctr>[,<table>]) : boolean
sc0_tracked([<table>]) : boolean
Returns true if the designated session counter is currently being tracked by
the current session. This can be useful when deciding whether or not we want
to set some values in a header passed to the server.
sc_trackers(<ctr>[,<table>]) : integer
sc0_trackers([<table>]) : integer
Returns the current amount of concurrent connections tracking the same
tracked counters. This number is automatically incremented when tracking
begins and decremented when tracking stops. It differs from sc0_conn_cur in
that it does not rely on any stored information but on the table's reference
count (the "use" value which is returned by "show table" on the CLI). This
may sometimes be more suited for layer7 tracking. It can be used to tell a
server how many concurrent connections there are from a given address for
example.
so_id : integer
Returns an integer containing the current listening socket's id. It is useful
in frontends involving many "bind" lines, or to stick all users coming via a
same socket to the same server.
src : ip
This is the source IPv4 address of the client of the session. It is of type
IP and works on both IPv4 and IPv6 tables. On IPv6 tables, IPv4 addresses are
mapped to their IPv6 equivalent, according to RFC 4291. Note that it is the
TCP-level source address which is used, and not the address of a client
behind a proxy. However if the "accept-proxy" bind directive is used, it can
be the address of a client behind another PROXY-protocol compatible component
for all rule sets except "tcp-request connection" which sees the real address.
Example:
# add an HTTP header in requests with the originating address' country
http-request set-header X-Country %[src,map_ip(geoip.lst)]
src_bytes_in_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average bytes rate from the incoming connection's source address
in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, measured
in amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. If the address is
not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_bytes_in_rate.
src_bytes_out_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average bytes rate to the incoming connection's source address in
the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table, measured in
amount of bytes over the period configured in the table. If the address is
not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_bytes_out_rate.
src_clr_gpc0([<table>]) : integer
Clears the first General Purpose Counter associated to the incoming

connection's source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the
designated stick-table, and returns its previous value. If the address is not
found, an entry is created and 0 is returned. This is typically used as a
second ACL in an expression in order to mark a connection when a first ACL
was verified :
# block if 5 consecutive requests continue to come faster than 10 sess
# per second, and reset the counter as soon as the traffic slows down.
acl abuse src_http_req_rate gt 10
acl kill src_inc_gpc0 gt 5
acl save src_clr_gpc0 ge 0
tcp-request connection accept if !abuse save
src_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of connections initiated from the current
incoming connection's source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in
the designated stick-table. If the address is not found, zero is returned.
See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_conn_cnt.
src_conn_cur([<table>]) : integer
Returns the current amount of concurrent connections initiated from the
current incoming connection's source address in the current proxy's
stick-table or in the designated stick-table. If the address is not found,
zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_conn_cur.
src_conn_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average connection rate from the incoming connection's source
address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table,
measured in amount of connections over the period configured in the table. If
the address is not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_conn_rate.
src_get_gpc0([<table>]) : integer
Returns the value of the first General Purpose Counter associated to the
See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_get_gpc0 and src_inc_gpc0.
src_get_gpt0([<table>]) : integer
Returns the value of the first General Purpose Tag associated to the
See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_get_gpt0.
src_gpc0_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average increment rate of the first General Purpose Counter
associated to the incoming connection's source address in the current proxy's
stick-table or in the designated stick-table. It reports the frequency
which the gpc0 counter was incremented over the configured period. See also
sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_gpc0_rate, src_get_gpc0, and sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_inc_gpc0. Note
that the "gpc0_rate" counter must be stored in the stick-table for a value to
be returned, as "gpc0" only holds the event count.
src_http_err_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of HTTP errors from the incoming connection's
source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated
stick-table. This includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses.
See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_err_cnt. If the address is not found, zero is
returned.
src_http_err_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average rate of HTTP errors from the incoming connection's source
measured in amount of errors over the period configured in the table. This
includes the both request errors and 4xx error responses. If the address is
not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_err_rate.
src_http_req_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of HTTP requests from the incoming connection's
source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated sticktable. This includes every started request, valid or not. If the address is
not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_req_cnt.
src_http_req_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average rate of HTTP requests from the incoming connection's
source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated sticktable, measured in amount of requests over the period configured in the
table. This includes every started request, valid or not. If the address is
not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_http_req_rate.
src_inc_gpc0([<table>]) : integer
Increments the first General Purpose Counter associated to the incoming
connection's source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the
designated stick-table, and returns its new value. If the address is not
found, an entry is created and 1 is returned. See also sc0/sc2/sc2_inc_gpc0.
This is typically used as a second ACL in an expression in order to mark a
connection when a first ACL was verified :
acl abuse src_http_req_rate gt 10
acl kill src_inc_gpc0 gt 0
src_kbytes_in([<table>]) : integer
Returns the total amount of data received from the incoming connection's
source address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated
stick-table, measured in kilobytes. If the address is not found, zero is
returned. The test is currently performed on 32-bit integers, which limits
values to 4 terabytes. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_kbytes_in.
src_kbytes_out([<table>]) : integer
Returns the total amount of data sent to the incoming connection's source
measured in kilobytes. If the address is not found, zero is returned. The
test is currently performed on 32-bit integers, which limits values to 4
terabytes. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_kbytes_out.
src_port : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the TCP source port of the
connection on the client side, which is the port the client connected from.
Usage of this function is very limited as modern protocols do not care much
about source ports nowadays.
src_sess_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Returns the cumulated number of connections initiated from the incoming
connection's source IPv4 address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the
designated stick-table, that were transformed into sessions, which means that
they were accepted by "tcp-request" rules. If the address is not found, zero
is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_sess_cnt.
src_sess_rate([<table>]) : integer
Returns the average session rate from the incoming connection's source
measured in amount of sessions over the period configured in the table. A
session is a connection that went past the early "tcp-request" rules. If the
address is not found, zero is returned. See also sc/sc0/sc1/sc2_sess_rate.
src_updt_conn_cnt([<table>]) : integer
Creates or updates the entry associated to the incoming connection's source
address in the current proxy's stick-table or in the designated stick-table.
This table must be configured to store the "conn_cnt" data type, otherwise
the match will be ignored. The current count is incremented by one, and the
expiration timer refreshed. The updated count is returned, so this match
can't return zero. This was used to reject service abusers based on their
source address. Note: it is recommended to use the more complete "track-sc*"
actions in "tcp-request" rules instead.
Example :
# This frontend limits incoming SSH connections to 3 per 10 second for
# each source address, and rejects excess connections until a 10 second
# silence is observed. At most 20 addresses are tracked.
listen ssh
bind :22
mode tcp
maxconn 100
stick-table type ip size 20 expire 10s store conn_cnt
tcp-request content reject if { src_updt_conn_cnt gt 3 }
server local 127.0.0.1:22
srv_id : integer
Returns an integer containing the server's id when processing the response.
While it's almost only used with ACLs, it may be used for logging or
debugging.

The layer 5 usually describes just the session layer which in haproxy is
closest to the session once all the connection handshakes are finished, but
when no content is yet made available. The fetch methods described here are
usable as low as the "tcp-request content" rule sets unless they require some
future information. Those generally include the results of SSL negotiations.
ssl_bc : boolean
Returns true when the back connection was made via an SSL/TLS transport
layer and is locally deciphered. This means the outgoing connection was made
other a server with the "ssl
Bind options
" option.
ssl_bc_alg_keysize : integer
Returns the symmetric cipher key size supported in bits when the outgoing
connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer.
ssl_bc_cipher : string
Returns the name of the used cipher when the outgoing connection was made
over an SSL/TLS transport layer.
ssl_bc_protocol : string
Returns the name of the used protocol when the outgoing connection was made
ssl_bc_unique_id : binary
When the outgoing connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer,
returns the TLS unique ID as defined in RFC5929 section 3. The unique id
can be encoded to base64 using the converter: "ssl_bc_unique_id,base64".
ssl_bc_session_id : binary
Returns the SSL ID of the back connection when the outgoing connection was
made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. It is useful to log if we want to know
if session was reused or not.
ssl_bc_use_keysize : integer
Returns the symmetric cipher key size used in bits when the outgoing
ssl_c_ca_err : integer
When the incoming connection was made over
returns the ID of the first error detected
certificate at depth > 0, or 0 if no error
verification process. Please refer to your
find the exhaustive list of error codes.
an SSL/TLS transport layer,

during verification of the client
was encountered during this
SSL library's documentation to
ssl_c_ca_err_depth : integer
When the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer,
returns the depth in the CA chain of the first error detected during the
verification of the client certificate. If no error is encountered, 0 is
returned.
ssl_c_der : binary
Returns the DER formatted certificate presented by the client when the
incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. When used for
an ACL, the value(s) to match against can be passed in hexadecimal form.
ssl_c_err : integer
returns the ID of the first error detected during verification at depth 0, or
0 if no error was encountered during this verification process. Please refer
to your SSL library's documentation to find the exhaustive list of error
codes.
ssl_c_i_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string
returns the full distinguished name of the issuer of the certificate
presented by the client when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the
first given entry found from the beginning of the DN. If a positive/negative
occurrence number is specified as the optional second argument, it returns
the value of the nth given entry value from the beginning/end of the DN.
For instance, "ssl_c_i_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and
"ssl_c_i_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name.
ssl_c_key_alg : string
Returns the name of the algorithm used to generate the key of the certificate
presented by the client when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS
transport layer.
ssl_c_notafter : string
Returns the end date presented by the client as a formatted string
YYMMDDhhmmss[Z] when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS
transport layer.
ssl_c_notbefore : string
Returns the start date presented by the client as a formatted string
transport layer.
ssl_c_s_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string
returns the full distinguished name of the subject of the certificate
presented by the client when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the
For instance, "ssl_c_s_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and
"ssl_c_s_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name.
ssl_c_serial : binary
Returns the serial of the certificate presented by the client when the
ssl_c_sha1 : binary
Returns the SHA-1 fingerprint of the certificate presented by the client when
the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. This can be
used to stick a client to a server, or to pass this information to a server.
Note that the output is binary, so if you want to pass that signature to the
server, you need to encode it in hex or base64, such as in the example below:
http-request set-header X-SSL-Client-SHA1 %[ssl_c_sha1,hex]
ssl_c_sig_alg : string
Returns the name of the algorithm used to sign the certificate presented by
the client when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport
layer.
ssl_c_used : boolean
Returns true if current SSL session uses a client certificate even if current
connection uses SSL session resumption. See also "ssl_fc_has_crt".
ssl_c_verify : integer
Returns the verify result error ID when the incoming connection was made over
an SSL/TLS transport layer, otherwise zero if no error is encountered. Please
refer to your SSL library's documentation for an exhaustive list of error
codes.
ssl_c_version : integer
Returns the version of the certificate presented by the client when the
incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer.
ssl_f_der : binary
Returns the DER formatted certificate presented by the frontend when the
ssl_f_i_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string
returns the full distinguished name of the issuer of the certificate
presented by the frontend when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the
For instance, "ssl_f_i_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and
"ssl_f_i_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name.
ssl_f_key_alg : string
Returns the name of the algorithm used to generate the key of the certificate
presented by the frontend when the incoming connection was made over an
SSL/TLS transport layer.
ssl_f_notafter : string
Returns the end date presented by the frontend as a formatted string
transport layer.
ssl_f_notbefore : string
Returns the start date presented by the frontend as a formatted string
transport layer.
ssl_f_s_dn([<entry>[,<occ>]]) : string
returns the full distinguished name of the subject of the certificate
presented by the frontend when no <entry> is specified, or the value of the
For instance, "ssl_f_s_dn(OU,2)" the second organization unit, and
"ssl_f_s_dn(CN)" retrieves the common name.
ssl_f_serial : binary
Returns the serial of the certificate presented by the frontend when the
ssl_f_sha1 : binary
Returns the SHA-1 fingerprint of the certificate presented by the frontend
when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. This
can be used to know which certificate was chosen using SNI.
ssl_f_sig_alg : string
Returns the name of the algorithm used to sign the certificate presented by
the frontend when the incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport
layer.
ssl_f_version : integer
Returns the version of the certificate presented by the frontend when the
incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer.
ssl_fc : boolean
Returns true when the front connection was made via an SSL/TLS transport
layer and is locally deciphered. This means it has matched a socket declared
with a "bind" line having the "ssl
Bind options
" option.
Example :
# This passes "X-Proto: https" to servers when client connects over SSL
listen http-https
bind :80
bind :443 ssl crt /etc/haproxy.pem
http-request add-header X-Proto https if { ssl_fc }
ssl_fc_alg_keysize : integer
Returns the symmetric cipher key size supported in bits when the incoming
ssl_fc_alpn : string
This extracts the Application Layer Protocol Negotiation field from an
incoming connection made via a TLS transport layer and locally deciphered by
haproxy. The result is a string containing the protocol name advertised by
the client. The SSL library must have been built with support for TLS
extensions enabled (check haproxy -vv). Note that the TLS ALPN extension is
not advertised unless the "alpn" keyword on the "bind" line specifies a
protocol list. Also, nothing forces the client to pick a protocol from this
list, any other one may be requested. The TLS ALPN extension is meant to
replace the TLS NPN extension. See also "ssl_fc_npn".
ssl_fc_cipher : string
Returns the name of the used cipher when the incoming connection was made
ssl_fc_has_crt : boolean
Returns true if a client certificate is present in an incoming connection over
SSL/TLS transport layer. Useful if 'verify' statement is set to 'optional'.
Note: on SSL session resumption with Session ID or TLS ticket, client
certificate is not present in the current connection but may be retrieved
from the cache or the ticket. So prefer "ssl_c_used" if you want to check if
current SSL session uses a client certificate.
ssl_fc_has_sni : boolean
This checks for the presence of a Server Name Indication TLS extension (SNI)
in an incoming connection was made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. Returns
true when the incoming connection presents a TLS SNI field. This requires
that the SSL library is build with support for TLS extensions enabled (check
haproxy -vv).
ssl_fc_is_resumed: boolean
Returns true if the SSL/TLS session has been resumed through the use of
SSL session cache or TLS tickets.
ssl_fc_npn : string
This extracts the Next Protocol Negotiation field from an incoming connection
made via a TLS transport layer and locally deciphered by haproxy. The result
is a string containing the protocol name advertised by the client. The SSL
library must have been built with support for TLS extensions enabled (check
haproxy -vv). Note that the TLS NPN extension is not advertised unless the
"npn" keyword on the "bind" line specifies a protocol list. Also, nothing
forces the client to pick a protocol from this list, any other one may be
requested. Please note that the TLS NPN extension was replaced with ALPN.
ssl_fc_protocol : string
Returns the name of the used protocol when the incoming connection was made
ssl_fc_unique_id : binary
returns the TLS unique ID as defined in RFC5929 section 3. The unique id
can be encoded to base64 using the converter: "ssl_bc_unique_id,base64".
ssl_fc_session_id : binary
Returns the SSL ID of the front connection when the incoming connection was
made over an SSL/TLS transport layer. It is useful to stick a given client to
a server. It is important to note that some browsers refresh their session ID
every few minutes.
ssl_fc_sni : string
This extracts the Server Name Indication TLS extension (SNI) field from an
incoming connection made via an SSL/TLS transport layer and locally
deciphered by haproxy. The result (when present) typically is a string
matching the HTTPS host name (253 chars or less). The SSL library must have
been built with support for TLS extensions enabled (check haproxy -vv).
This fetch is different from "req_ssl_sni" above in that it applies to the
connection being deciphered by haproxy and not to SSL contents being blindly
forwarded. See also "ssl_fc_sni_end" and "ssl_fc_sni_reg" below. This
requires that the SSL library is build with support for TLS extensions
enabled (check haproxy -vv).
ACL derivatives :
ssl_fc_sni_end : suffix match
ssl_fc_sni_reg : regex match
ssl_fc_use_keysize : integer
Returns the symmetric cipher key size used in bits when the incoming
7.3.5. Fetching samples from buffer contents (Layer 6)

Fetching samples from buffer contents is a bit different from the previous
sample fetches above because the sampled data are ephemeral. These data can
only be used when they're available and will be lost when they're forwarded.
For this reason, samples fetched from buffer contents during a request cannot
be used in a response for example. Even while the data are being fetched, they
can change. Sometimes it is necessary to set some delays or combine multiple
sample fetch methods to ensure that the expected data are complete and usable,
for example through TCP request content inspection. Please see the "tcp-request
content" keyword for more detailed information on the subject.
payload(<offset>,<length>) : binary (deprecated)

This is an alias for "req.payload" when used in the context of a request (eg:
"stick on", "stick match"), and for "res.payload" when used in the context of
a response such as in "stick store response".
payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : binary (deprecated)

This is an alias for "req.payload_lv" when used in the context of a request
(eg: "stick on", "stick match"), and for "res.payload_lv" when used in the
context of a response such as in "stick store response".
req.len : integer
req_len : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of bytes present in the
request buffer. This is mostly used in ACL. It is important to understand
that this test does not return false as long as the buffer is changing. This
means that a check with equality to zero will almost always immediately match
at the beginning of the session, while a test for more data will wait for
that data to come in and return false only when haproxy is certain that no
more data will come in. This test was designed to be used with TCP request
content inspection.
req.payload(<offset>,<length>) : binary
This extracts a binary block of <length> bytes and starting at byte <offset>
in the request buffer. As a special case, if the <length> argument is zero,
the the whole buffer from <offset> to the end is extracted. This can be used
with ACLs in order to check for the presence of some content in a buffer at
any location.
ACL alternatives :
payload(<offset>,<length>) : hex binary match
req.payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : binary
This extracts a binary block whose size is specified at <offset1> for <length>
bytes, and which starts at <offset2> if specified or just after the length in
the request buffer. The <offset2> parameter also supports relative offsets if
prepended with a '+' or '-' sign.
ACL alternatives :
payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : hex binary match
Example :
please consult the example from the "stick store-response" keyword.
req.proto_http : boolean
req_proto_http : boolean (deprecated)
Returns true when data in the request buffer look like HTTP and correctly
parses as such. It is the same parser as the common HTTP request parser which
is used so there should be no surprises. The test does not match until the
request is complete, failed or timed out. This test may be used to report the
protocol in TCP logs, but the biggest use is to block TCP request analysis
until a complete HTTP request is present in the buffer, for example to track
a header.
Example:
# track request counts per "base" (concatenation of Host+URL)
tcp-request content reject if !HTTP
tcp-request content track-sc0 base table req-rate
req.rdp_cookie([<name>]) : string
rdp_cookie([<name>]) : string (deprecated)
When the request buffer looks like the RDP protocol, extracts the RDP cookie
<name>, or any cookie if unspecified. The parser only checks for the first
cookie, as illustrated in the RDP protocol specification. The cookie name is
case insensitive. Generally the "MSTS" cookie name will be used, as it can
contain the user name of the client connecting to the server if properly
configured on the client. The "MSTSHASH" cookie is often used as well for
session stickiness to servers.
This differs from "balance rdp-cookie" in that any balancing algorithm may be
used and thus the distribution of clients to backend servers is not linked to
a hash of the RDP cookie. It is envisaged that using a balancing algorithm
such as "balance roundrobin" or "balance leastconn" will lead to a more even
distribution of clients to backend servers than the hash used by "balance
rdp-cookie".
ACL derivatives :
req_rdp_cookie([<name>]) : exact string match
Example :
listen tse-farm
bind 0.0.0.0:3389
# wait up to 5s for an RDP cookie in the request
tcp-request content accept if RDP_COOKIE
# apply RDP cookie persistence
persist rdp-cookie
# Persist based on the mstshash cookie
# This is only useful makes sense if
# balance rdp-cookie is not used
stick-table type string size 204800
stick on req.rdp_cookie(mstshash)
server srv1 1.1.1.1:3389
server srv1 1.1.1.2:3389
See also : "balance rdp-cookie", "persist rdp-cookie", "tcp-request" and the "req_rdp_cookie" ACL.
req.rdp_cookie_cnt([name]) : integer
rdp_cookie_cnt([name]) : integer (deprecated)
Tries to parse the request buffer as RDP protocol, then returns an integer
corresponding to the number of RDP cookies found. If an optional cookie name
is passed, only cookies matching this name are considered. This is mostly
used in ACL.
ACL derivatives :
req_rdp_cookie_cnt([<name>]) : integer match
req.ssl_ec_ext : boolean
Returns a boolean identifying if client sent the Supported Elliptic Curves
Extension as defined in RFC4492, section 5.1. within the SSL ClientHello
message. This can be used to present ECC compatible clients with EC
certificate and to use RSA for all others, on the same IP address. Note that
this only applies to raw contents found in the request buffer and not to
contents deciphered via an SSL data layer, so this will not work with "bind"
lines having the "ssl
Bind options
" option.
req.ssl_hello_type : integer
req_ssl_hello_type : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value containing the type of the SSL hello message found
in the request buffer if the buffer contains data that parse as a complete
SSL (v3 or superior) client hello message. Note that this only applies to raw
contents found in the request buffer and not to contents deciphered via an
SSL data layer, so this will not work with "bind" lines having the "ssl
Bind options
"
option. This is mostly used in ACL to detect presence of an SSL hello message
that is supposed to contain an SSL session ID usable for stickiness.
req.ssl_sni : string
req_ssl_sni : string (deprecated)
Returns a string containing the value of the Server Name TLS extension sent
by a client in a TLS stream passing through the request buffer if the buffer
contains data that parse as a complete SSL (v3 or superior) client hello
message. Note that this only applies to raw contents found in the request
buffer and not to contents deciphered via an SSL data layer, so this will not
work with "bind" lines having the "ssl
Bind options
" option. SNI normally contains the
name of the host the client tries to connect to (for recent browsers). SNI is
useful for allowing or denying access to certain hosts when SSL/TLS is used
by the client. This test was designed to be used with TCP request content
inspection. If content switching is needed, it is recommended to first wait
for a complete client hello (type 1), like in the example below. See also
"ssl_fc_sni".
ACL derivatives :
req_ssl_sni : exact string match
Examples :
# Wait for a client hello for at most 5 seconds
tcp-request content accept if { req_ssl_hello_type 1 }
use_backend bk_allow if { req_ssl_sni -f allowed_sites }
default_backend bk_sorry_page
req.ssl_st_ext : integer
Returns 0 if the client didn't send a SessionTicket TLS Extension (RFC5077)
Returns 1 if the client sent SessionTicket TLS Extension
Returns 2 if the client also sent non-zero length TLS SessionTicket
Note that this only applies to raw contents found in the request buffer and
not to contents deciphered via an SSL data layer, so this will not work with
"bind" lines having the "ssl
Bind options
" option. This can for example be used to detect
whether the client sent a SessionTicket or not and stick it accordingly, if
no SessionTicket then stick on SessionID or don't stick as there's no server
side state is there when SessionTickets are in use.
req.ssl_ver : integer
req_ssl_ver : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value containing the version of the SSL/TLS protocol of a
stream present in the request buffer. Both SSLv2 hello messages and SSLv3
messages are supported. TLSv1 is announced as SSL version 3.1. The value is
composed of the major version multiplied by 65536, added to the minor
version. Note that this only applies to raw contents found in the request
buffer and not to contents deciphered via an SSL data layer, so this will not
work with "bind" lines having the "ssl
Bind options
" option. The ACL version of the test
matches against a decimal notation in the form MAJOR.MINOR (eg: 3.1). This
fetch is mostly used in ACL.
ACL derivatives :
req_ssl_ver : decimal match
res.len : integer
Returns an integer value corresponding to the number of bytes present in the
response buffer. This is mostly used in ACL. It is important to understand
that this test does not return false as long as the buffer is changing. This
means that a check with equality to zero will almost always immediately match
at the beginning of the session, while a test for more data will wait for
that data to come in and return false only when haproxy is certain that no
more data will come in. This test was designed to be used with TCP response
content inspection.
res.payload(<offset>,<length>) : binary
This extracts a binary block of <length> bytes and starting at byte <offset>
in the response buffer. As a special case, if the <length> argument is zero,
the the whole buffer from <offset> to the end is extracted. This can be used
with ACLs in order to check for the presence of some content in a buffer at
any location.
res.payload_lv(<offset1>,<length>[,<offset2>]) : binary
This extracts a binary block whose size is specified at <offset1> for <length>
bytes, and which starts at <offset2> if specified or just after the length in
the response buffer. The <offset2> parameter also supports relative offsets
if prepended with a '+' or '-' sign.
Example :
please consult the example from the "stick store-response" keyword.
res.ssl_hello_type : integer
rep_ssl_hello_type : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value containing the type of the SSL hello message found
in the response buffer if the buffer contains data that parses as a complete
SSL (v3 or superior) hello message. Note that this only applies to raw
contents found in the response buffer and not to contents deciphered via an
SSL data layer, so this will not work with "server" lines having the "ssl
Bind options
"
option. This is mostly used in ACL to detect presence of an SSL hello message
that is supposed to contain an SSL session ID usable for stickiness.
wait_end : boolean
This fetch either returns true when the inspection period is over, or does
not fetch. It is only used in ACLs, in conjunction with content analysis to
avoid returning a wrong verdict early. It may also be used to delay some
actions, such as a delayed reject for some special addresses. Since it either
stops the rules evaluation or immediately returns true, it is recommended to
use this acl as the last one in a rule. Please note that the default ACL
"WAIT_END" is always usable without prior declaration. This test was designed
to be used with TCP request content inspection.
Examples :
# delay every incoming request by 2 seconds
tcp-request content accept if WAIT_END
# don't immediately tell bad guys they are rejected
acl goodguys src 10.0.0.0/24
acl badguys src 10.0.1.0/24
tcp-request content accept if goodguys
tcp-request content reject if badguys WAIT_END
7.3.6. Fetching HTTP samples (Layer 7)

It is possible to fetch samples from HTTP contents, requests and responses.
This application layer is also called layer 7. It is only possible to fetch the
data in this section when a full HTTP request or response has been parsed from
its respective request or response buffer. This is always the case with all
HTTP specific rules and for sections running with "mode http". When using TCP
content inspection, it may be necessary to support an inspection delay in order
to let the request or response come in first. These fetches may require a bit
more CPU resources than the layer 4 ones, but not much since the request and
response are indexed.
base : string
This returns the concatenation of the first Host header and the path part of
the request, which starts at the first slash and ends before the question
mark. It can be useful in virtual hosted environments to detect URL abuses as
well as to improve shared caches efficiency. Using this with a limited size
stick table also allows one to collect statistics about most commonly
requested objects by host/path. With ACLs it can allow simple content
switching rules involving the host and the path at the same time, such as
"www.example.com/favicon.ico". See also "path" and "uri".
ACL derivatives :
base
: exact string match
base_beg : prefix match
base_dir : subdir match
base_dom : domain match
base_end : suffix match
base_len : length match
base_reg : regex match
base_sub : substring match
base32 : integer
This returns a 32-bit hash of the value returned by the "base" fetch method
above. This is useful to track per-URL activity on high traffic sites without
having to store all URLs. Instead a shorter hash is stored, saving a lot of
memory. The output type is an unsigned integer. The hash function used is
SDBM with full avalanche on the output. Technically, base32 is exactly equal
to "base,sdbm(1)".
base32+src : binary
This returns the concatenation of the base32 fetch above and the src fetch
below. The resulting type is of type binary, with a size of 8 or 20 bytes
depending on the source address family. This can be used to track per-IP,
per-URL counters.
capture.req.hdr(<idx>) : string
This extracts the content of the header captured by the "capture request
header", idx is the position of the capture keyword in the configuration.
See also: "capture request header".

capture.req.method : string
This extracts the METHOD of an HTTP request. It can be used in both request
and response. Unlike "method", it can be used in both request and response
because it's allocated.
capture.req.uri : string
This extracts the request's URI, which starts at the first slash and ends
before the first space in the request (without the host part). Unlike "path"
and "url", it can be used in both request and response because it's
allocated.
capture.req.ver : string
This extracts the request's HTTP version and returns either "HTTP/1.0" or
"HTTP/1.1". Unlike "req.ver", it can be used in both request, response, and
logs because it relies on a persistent flag.
capture.res.hdr(<idx>) : string
This extracts the content of the header captured by the "capture response
header", idx is the position of the capture keyword in the configuration.
The first entry is an index of 0.
See also: "capture response header"

capture.res.ver : string
This extracts the response's HTTP version and returns either "HTTP/1.0" or
"HTTP/1.1". Unlike "res.ver", it can be used in logs because it relies on a
persistent flag.
req.body : binary
This returns the HTTP request's available body as a block of data. It
requires that the request body has been buffered made available using
"option http-buffer-request". In case of chunked-encoded body, currently only
the first chunk is analyzed.
req.body_param([<name>) : string
This fetch assumes that the body of the POST request is url-encoded. The user
can check if the "content-type" contains the value
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded". This extracts the first occurrence of the
parameter <name> in the body, which ends before '&'. The parameter name is
case-sensitive. If no name is given, any parameter will match, and the first
one will be returned. The result is a string corresponding to the value of the
parameter <name> as presented in the request body (no URL decoding is
performed). Note that the ACL version of this fetch iterates over multiple
parameters and will iteratively report all parameters values if no name is
given.
req.body_len : integer
This returns the length of the HTTP request's available body in bytes. It may
be lower than the advertised length if the body is larger than the buffer. It
requires that the request body has been buffered made available using
"option http-buffer-request".
req.body_size : integer
This returns the advertised length of the HTTP request's body in bytes. It
will represent the advertised Content-Length header, or the size of the first
chunk in case of chunked encoding. In order to parse the chunks, it requires
that the request body has been buffered made available using
"option http-buffer-request".
req.cook([<name>]) : string
cook([<name>]) : string (deprecated)
This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Cookie"
header line from the request, and returns its value as string. If no name is
specified, the first cookie value is returned. When used with ACLs, all
matching cookies are evaluated. Spaces around the name and the value are
ignored as requested by the Cookie header specification (RFC6265). The cookie
name is case-sensitive. Empty cookies are valid, so an empty cookie may very
well return an empty value if it is present. Use the "found" match to detect
presence. Use the res.cook() variant for response cookies sent by the server.
ACL derivatives :
cook([<name>])
cook_beg([<name>])
cook_dir([<name>])
cook_dom([<name>])
cook_end([<name>])
cook_len([<name>])
cook_reg([<name>])
cook_sub([<name>])
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
exact string match

prefix match
subdir match
domain match
suffix match
length match
regex match
substring match
req.cook_cnt([<name>]) : integer
cook_cnt([<name>]) : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of the cookie
<name> in the request, or all cookies if <name> is not specified.
req.cook_val([<name>]) : integer
cook_val([<name>]) : integer (deprecated)
header line from the request, and converts its value to an integer which is
returned. If no name is specified, the first cookie value is returned. When
used in ACLs, all matching names are iterated over until a value matches.
cookie([<name>]) : string (deprecated)

header line from the request, or a "Set-Cookie" header from the response, and
returns its value as a string. A typical use is to get multiple clients
sharing a same profile use the same server. This can be similar to what
"appsession" did with the "request-learn" statement, but with support for
multi-peer synchronization and state keeping across restarts. If no name is
specified, the first cookie value is returned. This fetch should not be used
anymore and should be replaced by req.cook() or res.cook() instead as it
ambiguously uses the direction based on the context where it is used.
hdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string
This is equivalent to req.hdr() when used on requests, and to res.hdr() when
used on responses. Please refer to these respective fetches for more details.
In case of doubt about the fetch direction, please use the explicit ones.
Note that contrary to the hdr() sample fetch method, the hdr_* ACL keywords
unambiguously apply to the request headers.
req.fhdr(<name>[,<occ>]) : string
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request. When
used from an ACL, all occurrences are iterated over until a match is found.
Optionally, a specific occurrence might be specified as a position number.
Positive values indicate a position from the first occurrence, with 1 being
the first one. Negative values indicate positions relative to the last one,
with -1 being the last one. It differs from req.hdr() in that any commas
present in the value are returned and are not used as delimiters. This is
sometimes useful with headers such as User-Agent.
req.fhdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer
Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of request
header field name <name>, or the total number of header fields if <name> is
not specified. Contrary to its req.hdr_cnt() cousin, this function returns
the number of full line headers and does not stop on commas.
req.hdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request. When
used from an ACL, all occurrences are iterated over until a match is found.
with -1 being the last one. A typical use is with the X-Forwarded-For header
once converted to IP, associated with an IP stick-table. The function
considers any comma as a delimiter for distinct values. If full-line headers
are desired instead, use req.fhdr(). Please carefully check RFC2616 to know
how certain headers are supposed to be parsed. Also, some of them are case
insensitive (eg: Connection).
ACL derivatives :
hdr([<name>[,<occ>]])
hdr_beg([<name>[,<occ>]])
hdr_dir([<name>[,<occ>]])
hdr_dom([<name>[,<occ>]])
hdr_end([<name>[,<occ>]])
hdr_len([<name>[,<occ>]])
hdr_reg([<name>[,<occ>]])
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
exact string match

prefix match
subdir match
domain match
suffix match
length match
regex match
hdr_sub([<name>[,<occ>]]) : substring match
req.hdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer
hdr_cnt([<header>]) : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of request
header field name <name>, or the total number of header field values if
<name> is not specified. It is important to remember that one header line may
count as several headers if it has several values. The function considers any
comma as a delimiter for distinct values. If full-line headers are desired
instead, req.fhdr_cnt() should be used instead. With ACLs, it can be used to
detect presence, absence or abuse of a specific header, as well as to block
request smuggling attacks by rejecting requests which contain more than one
of certain headers. See "req.hdr" for more information on header matching.
req.hdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip
hdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip (deprecated)
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request,
converts it to an IPv4 or IPv6 address and returns this address. When used
with ACLs, all occurrences are checked, and if <name> is omitted, every value
of every header is checked. Optionally, a specific occurrence might be
specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position from the
first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values indicate
positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. A typical use
is with the X-Forwarded-For and X-Client-IP headers.
req.hdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer
hdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer (deprecated)
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP request, and
converts it to an integer value. When used with ACLs, all occurrences are
checked, and if <name> is omitted, every value of every header is checked.
with -1 being the last one. A typical use is with the X-Forwarded-For header.
http_auth(<userlist>) : boolean
Returns a boolean indicating whether the authentication data received from
the client match a username & password stored in the specified userlist. This
fetch function is not really useful outside of ACLs. Currently only http
basic auth is supported.
http_auth_group(<userlist>) : string
Returns a string corresponding to the user name found in the authentication
data received from the client if both the user name and password are valid
according to the specified userlist. The main purpose is to use it in ACLs
where it is then checked whether the user belongs to any group within a list.
This fetch function is not really useful outside of ACLs. Currently only http
basic auth is supported.
ACL derivatives :
http_auth_group(<userlist>) : group ...
Returns true when the user extracted from the request and whose password is
valid according to the specified userlist belongs to at least one of the
groups.
http_first_req : boolean
Returns true when the request being processed is the first one of the
connection. This can be used to add or remove headers that may be missing
from some requests when a request is not the first one, or to help grouping
requests in the logs.
method : integer + string

Returns an integer value corresponding to the method in the HTTP request. For
example, "GET" equals 1 (check sources to establish the matching). Value 9
means "other method" and may be converted to a string extracted from the
stream. This should not be used directly as a sample, this is only meant to
be used from ACLs, which transparently convert methods from patterns to these
integer + string values. Some predefined ACL already check for most common
methods.
ACL derivatives :
method : case insensitive method match
Example :
# only accept GET and HEAD requests
acl valid_method method GET HEAD
http-request deny if ! valid_method
path : string
This extracts the request's URL path, which starts at the first slash and
ends before the question mark (without the host part). A typical use is with
prefetch-capable caches, and with portals which need to aggregate multiple
information from databases and keep them in caches. Note that with outgoing
caches, it would be wiser to use "url" instead. With ACLs, it's typically
used to match exact file names (eg: "/login.php"), or directory parts using
the derivative forms. See also the "url" and "base" fetch methods.
ACL derivatives :
path
path_beg : prefix match
path_dir : subdir match
path_dom : domain match
path_end : suffix match
path_len : length match
path_reg : regex match
path_sub : substring match
query : string
This extracts the request's query string, which starts after the first
question mark. If no question mark is present, this fetch returns nothing. If
a question mark is present but nothing follows, it returns an empty string.
This means it's possible to easily know whether a query string is present
using the "found" matching method. This fetch is the completemnt of "path"
which stops before the question mark.
req.hdr_names([<delim>]) : string
This builds a string made from the concatenation of all header names as they
appear in the request when the rule is evaluated. The default delimiter is
the comma (',') but it may be overridden as an optional argument <delim>. In
this case, only the first character of <delim> is considered.
req.ver : string
req_ver : string (deprecated)
Returns the version string from the HTTP request, for example "1.1". This can
be useful for logs, but is mostly there for ACL. Some predefined ACL already
check for versions 1.0 and 1.1.
ACL derivatives :
req_ver : exact string match
res.comp : boolean
Returns the boolean "true" value if the response has been compressed by
HAProxy, otherwise returns boolean "false". This may be used to add
information in the logs.
res.comp_algo : string
Returns a string containing the name of the algorithm used if the response
was compressed by HAProxy, for example : "deflate". This may be used to add
some information in the logs.
res.cook([<name>]) : string
scook([<name>]) : string (deprecated)
This extracts the last occurrence of the cookie name <name> on a "Set-Cookie"
header line from the response, and returns its value as string. If no name is
specified, the first cookie value is returned.
ACL derivatives :
scook([<name>] : exact string match
res.cook_cnt([<name>]) : integer
scook_cnt([<name>]) : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of the cookie
<name> in the response, or all cookies if <name> is not specified. This is
mostly useful when combined with ACLs to detect suspicious responses.
res.cook_val([<name>]) : integer
scook_val([<name>]) : integer (deprecated)
header line from the response, and converts its value to an integer which is
returned. If no name is specified, the first cookie value is returned.
res.fhdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response, or of
the last header if no <name> is specified. Optionally, a specific occurrence
might be specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position
from the first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values
indicate positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. It
differs from res.hdr() in that any commas present in the value are returned
and are not used as delimiters. If this is not desired, the res.hdr() fetch
should be used instead. This is sometimes useful with headers such as Date or
Expires.
res.fhdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer
Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of response
not specified. Contrary to its res.hdr_cnt() cousin, this function returns
the number of full line headers and does not stop on commas. If this is not
desired, the res.hdr_cnt() fetch should be used instead.
res.hdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string
shdr([<name>[,<occ>]]) : string (deprecated)
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response, or of
the last header if no <name> is specified. Optionally, a specific occurrence
might be specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position
from the first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values
indicate positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. This
can be useful to learn some data into a stick-table. The function considers
any comma as a delimiter for distinct values. If this is not desired, the
res.fhdr() fetch should be used instead.
ACL derivatives :
shdr([<name>[,<occ>]])
shdr_beg([<name>[,<occ>]])
shdr_dir([<name>[,<occ>]])
shdr_dom([<name>[,<occ>]])
shdr_end([<name>[,<occ>]])
shdr_len([<name>[,<occ>]])
:
:
:
:
:
:
exact string match

prefix match
subdir match
domain match
suffix match
length match
shdr_reg([<name>[,<occ>]]) : regex match

shdr_sub([<name>[,<occ>]]) : substring match
res.hdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer
shdr_cnt([<name>]) : integer (deprecated)
Returns an integer value representing the number of occurrences of response
not specified. The function considers any comma as a delimiter for distinct
values. If this is not desired, the res.fhdr_cnt() fetch should be used
instead.
res.hdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip
shdr_ip([<name>[,<occ>]]) : ip (deprecated)
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response,
convert it to an IPv4 or IPv6 address and returns this address. Optionally, a
specific occurrence might be specified as a position number. Positive values
indicate a position from the first occurrence, with 1 being the first one.
Negative values indicate positions relative to the last one, with -1 being
the last one. This can be useful to learn some data into a stick table.
res.hdr_names([<delim>]) : string
This builds a string made from the concatenation of all header names as they
appear in the response when the rule is evaluated. The default delimiter is
the comma (',') but it may be overridden as an optional argument <delim>. In
this case, only the first character of <delim> is considered.
res.hdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer
shdr_val([<name>[,<occ>]]) : integer (deprecated)
This extracts the last occurrence of header <name> in an HTTP response, and
converts it to an integer value. Optionally, a specific occurrence might be
specified as a position number. Positive values indicate a position from the
first occurrence, with 1 being the first one. Negative values indicate
positions relative to the last one, with -1 being the last one. This can be
useful to learn some data into a stick table.
res.ver : string
resp_ver : string (deprecated)
Returns the version string from the HTTP response, for example "1.1". This
can be useful for logs, but is mostly there for ACL.
ACL derivatives :
resp_ver : exact string match
set-cookie([<name>]) : string (deprecated)

header line from the response and uses the corresponding value to match. This
can be comparable to what "appsession" did with default options, but with
support for multi-peer synchronization and state keeping across restarts.
This fetch function is deprecated and has been superseded by the "res.cook"
fetch. This keyword will disappear soon.
status : integer
Returns an integer containing the HTTP status code in the HTTP response, for
example, 302. It is mostly used within ACLs and integer ranges, for example,
to remove any Location header if the response is not a 3xx.
url : string
This extracts the request's URL as presented in the request. A typical use is
with prefetch-capable caches, and with portals which need to aggregate
multiple information from databases and keep them in caches. With ACLs, using
"path" is preferred over using "url", because clients may send a full URL as
is normally done with proxies. The only real use is to match "*" which does
not match in "path", and for which there is already a predefined ACL. See
also "path" and "base".
ACL derivatives :
url
url_beg : prefix match
url_dir : subdir match
url_dom : domain match
url_end : suffix match
url_len : length match
url_reg : regex match
url_sub : substring match
url_ip : ip
This extracts the IP address from the request's URL when the host part is
presented as an IP address. Its use is very limited. For instance, a
monitoring system might use this field as an alternative for the source IP in
order to test what path a given source address would follow, or to force an
entry in a table for a given source address. With ACLs it can be used to
restrict access to certain systems through a proxy, for example when combined
with option "http_proxy".
url_port : integer
This extracts the port part from the request's URL. Note that if the port is
not specified in the request, port 80 is assumed. With ACLs it can be used to
restrict access to certain systems through a proxy, for example when combined
with option "http_proxy".
urlp([<name>[,<delim>]]) : string
url_param([<name>[,<delim>]]) : string
This extracts the first occurrence of the parameter <name> in the query
string, which begins after either '?' or <delim>, and which ends before '&',
';' or <delim>. The parameter name is case-sensitive. If no name is given,
any parameter will match, and the first one will be returned. The result is
a string corresponding to the value of the parameter <name> as presented in
the request (no URL decoding is performed). This can be used for session
stickiness based on a client ID, to extract an application cookie passed as a
URL parameter, or in ACLs to apply some checks. Note that the ACL version of
this fetch iterates over multiple parameters and will iteratively report all
parameters values if no name is given
ACL derivatives :
urlp(<name>[,<delim>])
urlp_beg(<name>[,<delim>])
urlp_dir(<name>[,<delim>])
urlp_dom(<name>[,<delim>])
urlp_end(<name>[,<delim>])
urlp_len(<name>[,<delim>])
urlp_reg(<name>[,<delim>])
urlp_sub(<name>[,<delim>])
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
exact string match

prefix match
subdir match
domain match
suffix match
length match
regex match
substring match
Example :
# match http://example.com/foo?PHPSESSIONID=some_id
stick on urlp(PHPSESSIONID)
# match http://example.com/foo;JSESSIONID=some_id
stick on urlp(JSESSIONID,;)
urlp_val([<name>[,<delim>])] : integer
See "urlp" above. This one extracts the URL parameter <name> in the request
and converts it to an integer value. This can be used for session stickiness
based on a user ID for example, or with ACLs to match a page number or price.
7.4.
Pre-defined ACLs
Some predefined ACLs are hard-coded so that they do not have to be declared in
every frontend which needs them. They all have their names in upper case in
order to avoid confusion. Their equivalence is provided below.
ACL name
Equivalent to
Usage
FALSE
always_false
never match
HTTP
req_proto_http
match if protocol is valid HTTP
HTTP_1.0
req_ver 1.0
match HTTP version 1.0
HTTP_1.1
req_ver 1.1
match HTTP version 1.1
HTTP_CONTENT hdr_val(content-length) gt 0match an existing content-length
HTTP_URL_ABS url_reg ^[^/:]*://
match absolute URL with scheme
HTTP_URL_SLASHurl_beg /
match URL beginning with "/"
HTTP_URL_STAR url *
match URL equal to "*"
LOCALHOST
src 127.0.0.1/8
match connection from local host
METH_CONNECT method CONNECT
match HTTP CONNECT method
METH_GET
method GET HEAD
match HTTP GET or HEAD method
METH_HEAD
method HEAD
match HTTP HEAD method
METH_OPTIONS method OPTIONS
match HTTP OPTIONS method
METH_POST
method POST
match HTTP POST method
METH_TRACE
method TRACE
match HTTP TRACE method
RDP_COOKIE
req_rdp_cookie_cnt gt 0
match presence of an RDP cookie
REQ_CONTENT
req_len gt 0
match data in the request buffer
TRUE
always_true
always match
WAIT_END
wait_end
wait for end of content analysis
8. Logging
One of HAProxy's strong points certainly lies is its precise logs. It probably
provides the finest level of information available for such a product, which is
very important for troubleshooting complex environments. Standard information
provided in logs include client ports, TCP/HTTP state timers, precise session
state at termination and precise termination cause, information about decisions
to direct traffic to a server, and of course the ability to capture arbitrary
headers.
In order to improve administrators reactivity, it offers a great transparency
about encountered problems, both internal and external, and it is possible to
send logs to different sources at the same time with different level filters :
-
global process-level logs (system errors, start/stop, etc..)

per-instance system and internal errors (lack of resource, bugs, ...)
per-instance external troubles (servers up/down, max connections)
per-instance activity (client connections), either at the establishment or
at the termination.
- per-request control of log-level, eg:
http-request set-log-level silent if sensitive_request
The ability to distribute different levels of logs to different log servers
allow several production teams to interact and to fix their problems as soon
as possible. For example, the system team might monitor system-wide errors,
while the application team might be monitoring the up/down for their servers in
real time, and the security team might analyze the activity logs with one hour
delay.
8.1.
Log levels
TCP and HTTP connections can be logged with information such as the date, time,
source IP address, destination address, connection duration, response times,
HTTP request, HTTP return code, number of bytes transmitted, conditions
in which the session ended, and even exchanged cookies values. For example
track a particular user's problems. All messages may be sent to up to two

syslog servers. Check the "log
" keyword in section 4.2 for more information
about log facilities.
8.2.
Log formats
HAProxy supports 5 log formats. Several fields are common between these formats
and will be detailed in the following sections. A few of them may vary
slightly with the configuration, due to indicators specific to certain
options. The supported formats are as follows :
- the default format, which is very basic and very rarely used. It only
provides very basic information about the incoming connection at the moment
it is accepted : source IP:port, destination IP:port, and frontend-name.
This mode will eventually disappear so it will not be described to great
extents.
- the TCP format, which is more advanced. This format is enabled when "option
tcplog" is set on the frontend. HAProxy will then usually wait for the
connection to terminate before logging. This format provides much richer
information, such as timers, connection counts, queue size, etc... This
format is recommended for pure TCP proxies.
- the HTTP format, which is the most advanced for HTTP proxying. This format
is enabled when "option httplog" is set on the frontend. It provides the
same information as the TCP format with some HTTP-specific fields such as
the request, the status code, and captures of headers and cookies. This
format is recommended for HTTP proxies.
- the CLF HTTP format, which is equivalent to the HTTP format, but with the
fields arranged in the same order as the CLF format. In this mode, all
timers, captures, flags, etc... appear one per field after the end of the
common fields, in the same order they appear in the standard HTTP format.
- the custom log format, allows you to make your own log line.
Next sections will go deeper into details for each of these formats. Format
specification will be performed on a "field" basis. Unless stated otherwise, a
field is a portion of text delimited by any number of spaces. Since syslog
servers are susceptible of inserting fields at the beginning of a line, it is
always assumed that the first field is the one containing the process name and
identifier.
Note : Since log lines may be quite long, the log examples in sections below
might be broken into multiple lines. The example log lines will be
prefixed with 3 closing angle brackets ('>>>') and each time a log is
broken into multiple lines, each non-final line will end with a
backslash ('\') and the next line will start indented by two characters.
8.2.1. Default log format

This format is used when no specific option is set. The log is emitted as soon
as the connection is accepted. One should note that this currently is the only
format which logs the request's destination IP and ports.
Example :
listen www
mode http
log global
server srv1 127.0.0.1:8000
haproxy[14385]: Connect from 10.0.1.2:33312 to 10.0.3.31:8012 \
(www/HTTP)
Field
1
2
3
4
5
6
Format
process_name '[' pid ']:'
'Connect from'
source_ip ':' source_port
'to'
destination_ip ':' destination_port
'(' frontend_name '/' mode ')'
Extract from the example above

haproxy[14385]:
Connect from
10.0.1.2:33312
to
10.0.3.31:8012
(www/HTTP)
Detailed fields description :

- "source_ip" is the IP address of the client which initiated the connection.
- "source_port" is the TCP port of the client which initiated the connection.
- "destination_ip" is the IP address the client connected to.
- "destination_port" is the TCP port the client connected to.
- "frontend_name" is the name of the frontend (or listener) which received
and processed the connection.
- "mode is the mode the frontend is operating (TCP or HTTP).
In case of a UNIX socket, the source and destination addresses are marked as
"unix:" and the ports reflect the internal ID of the socket which accepted the
connection (the same ID as reported in the stats).
It is advised not to use this deprecated format for newer installations as it
will eventually disappear.
8.2.2. TCP log format

The TCP format is used when "option tcplog" is specified in the frontend, and
is the recommended format for pure TCP proxies. It provides a lot of precious
information for troubleshooting. Since this format includes timers and byte
counts, the log is normally emitted at the end of the session. It can be
emitted earlier if "option logasap" is specified, which makes sense in most
environments with long sessions such as remote terminals. Sessions which match
the "monitor" rules are never logged. It is also possible not to emit logs for
sessions for which no data were exchanged between the client and the server, by
specifying "option dontlognull" in the frontend. Successful connections will
not be logged if "option dontlog-normal" is specified in the frontend. A few
fields may slightly vary depending on some configuration options, those are
marked with a star ('*') after the field name below.
Example :
frontend fnt
mode tcp
option tcplog
log global
default_backend bck
backend bck
server srv1 127.0.0.1:8000
haproxy[14387]: 10.0.1.2:33313 [06/Feb/2009:12:12:51.443] fnt \
bck/srv1 0/0/5007 212 -- 0/0/0/0/3 0/0
Field
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Format
haproxy[14387]:
client_ip ':' client_port
10.0.1.2:33313
'[' accept_date ']'
[06/Feb/2009:12:12:51.443]
frontend_name
fnt
backend_name '/' server_name
bck/srv1
Tw '/' Tc '/' Tt*
0/0/5007
bytes_read*
212
termination_state
-actconn '/' feconn '/' beconn '/' srv_conn '/' retries*
0/0/0/0/3
srv_queue '/' backend_queue
0/0

- "client_ip" is the IP address of the client which initiated the TCP
connection to haproxy. If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket
instead, the IP address would be replaced with the word "unix". Note that
when the connection is accepted on a socket configured with "accept-proxy"
and the PROXY protocol is correctly used, then the logs will reflect the
forwarded connection's information.
- "client_port" is the TCP port of the client which initiated the connection.
If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket instead, the port would be
replaced with the ID of the accepting socket, which is also reported in the
stats interface.
- "accept_date" is the exact date when the connection was received by haproxy
(which might be very slightly different from the date observed on the
network if there was some queuing in the system's backlog). This is usually
the same date which may appear in any upstream firewall's log.
- "backend_name" is the name of the backend (or listener) which was selected
to manage the connection to the server. This will be the same as the
frontend if no switching rule has been applied, which is common for TCP
applications.
- "server_name" is the name of the last server to which the connection was
sent, which might differ from the first one if there were connection errors
and a redispatch occurred. Note that this server belongs to the backend
which processed the request. If the connection was aborted before reaching
a server, "<NOSRV>" is indicated instead of a server name.
- "Tw" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting in the various queues.
It can be "-1" if the connection was aborted before reaching the queue.
See "Timers" below for more details.
- "Tc" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the connection to
establish to the final server, including retries. It can be "-1" if the
connection was aborted before a connection could be established. See
"Timers" below for more details.
- "Tt" is the total time in milliseconds elapsed between the accept and the
last close. It covers all possible processing. There is one exception, if
"option logasap" was specified, then the time counting stops at the moment
the log is emitted. In this case, a '+' sign is prepended before the value,
indicating that the final one will be larger. See "Timers" below for more
details.
- "bytes_read" is the total number of bytes transmitted from the server to
the client when the log is emitted. If "option logasap" is specified, the
this value will be prefixed with a '+' sign indicating that the final one
may be larger. Please note that this value is a 64-bit counter, so log
analysis tools must be able to handle it without overflowing.
- "termination_state" is the condition the session was in when the session
ended. This indicates the session state, which side caused the end of
session to happen, and for what reason (timeout, error, ...). The normal
flags should be "--", indicating the session was closed by either end with
no data remaining in buffers. See below "Session state at disconnection"
for more details.
- "actconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the process when
the session was logged. It is useful to detect when some per-process system
limits have been reached. For instance, if actconn is close to 512 when
multiple connection errors occur, chances are high that the system limits
the process to use a maximum of 1024 file descriptors and that all of them
are used. See section 3 "Global parameters" to find how to tune the system.
- "feconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the frontend when

the session was logged. It is useful to estimate the amount of resource
required to sustain high loads, and to detect when the frontend's "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
"
has been reached. Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is
because there is congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be
caused by a denial of service attack.
- "beconn" is the total number of concurrent connections handled by the
backend when the session was logged. It includes the total number of
concurrent connections active on servers as well as the number of
connections pending in queues. It is useful to estimate the amount of
additional servers needed to support high loads for a given application.
Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is because there is
congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be caused by a
denial of service attack.
- "srv_conn" is the total number of concurrent connections still active on
the server when the session was logged. It can never exceed the server's
configured "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
" parameter. If this value is very often close or equal
to the server's "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
", it means that traffic regulation is involved a
lot, meaning that either the server's maxconn value is too low, or that
there aren't enough servers to process the load with an optimal response
time. When only one of the server's "srv_conn" is high, it usually means
that this server has some trouble causing the connections to take longer to
be processed than on other servers.
- "retries" is the number of connection retries experienced by this session
when trying to connect to the server. It must normally be zero, unless a
server is being stopped at the same moment the connection was attempted.
Frequent retries generally indicate either a network problem between
haproxy and the server, or a misconfigured system backlog on the server
preventing new connections from being queued. This field may optionally be
prefixed with a '+' sign, indicating that the session has experienced a
redispatch after the maximal retry count has been reached on the initial
server. In this case, the server name appearing in the log is the one the
connection was redispatched to, and not the first one, though both may
sometimes be the same in case of hashing for instance. So as a general rule
of thumb, when a '+' is present in front of the retry count, this count
should not be attributed to the logged server.
- "srv_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before
this one in the server queue. It is zero when the request has not gone
through the server queue. It makes it possible to estimate the approximate
server's response time by dividing the time spent in queue by the number of
requests in the queue. It is worth noting that if a session experiences a
redispatch and passes through two server queues, their positions will be
cumulated. A request should not pass through both the server queue and the
backend queue unless a redispatch occurs.
- "backend_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before
this one in the backend's global queue. It is zero when the request has not
gone through the global queue. It makes it possible to estimate the average
queue length, which easily translates into a number of missing servers when
divided by a server's "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
" parameter. It is worth noting that if a
session experiences a redispatch, it may pass twice in the backend's queue,
and then both positions will be cumulated. A request should not pass
through both the server queue and the backend queue unless a redispatch
occurs.
8.2.3. HTTP log format

The HTTP format is the most complete and the best suited for HTTP proxies. It
is enabled by when "option httplog" is specified in the frontend. It provides
the same level of information as the TCP format with additional features which
are specific to the HTTP protocol. Just like the TCP format, the log is usually
emitted at the end of the session, unless "option logasap" is specified, which
generally only makes sense for download sites. A session which matches the
"monitor" rules will never logged. It is also possible not to log sessions for
which no data were sent by the client by specifying "option dontlognull" in the
frontend. Successful connections will not be logged if "option dontlog-normal"
is specified in the frontend.
Most fields are shared with the TCP log, some being different. A few fields may
slightly vary depending on some configuration options. Those ones are marked
with a star ('*') after the field name below.
Example :
frontend http-in
mode http
option httplog
log global
default_backend bck
backend static
server srv1 127.0.0.1:8000
haproxy[14389]: 10.0.1.2:33317 [06/Feb/2009:12:14:14.655] http-in \
static/srv1 10/0/30/69/109 200 2750 - - ---- 1/1/1/1/0 0/0 {1wt.eu} \
{} "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1"
Field
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Format
haproxy[14389]:
10.0.1.2:33317
'[' accept_date ']'
[06/Feb/2009:12:14:14.655]
frontend_name
http-in
backend_name '/' server_name
static/srv1
Tq '/' Tw '/' Tc '/' Tr '/' Tt*
10/0/30/69/109
status_code
200
bytes_read*
2750
captured_request_cookie
captured_response_cookie
termination_state
---actconn '/' feconn '/' beconn '/' srv_conn '/' retries*
1/1/1/1/0
srv_queue '/' backend_queue
0/0
'{' captured_request_headers* '}'
{haproxy.1wt.eu}
'{' captured_response_headers* '}'
{}
'"' http_request '"'
"GET /index.html HTTP/1.1"

- "client_ip" is the IP address of the client which initiated the TCP
connection to haproxy. If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket
instead, the IP address would be replaced with the word "unix". Note that
when the connection is accepted on a socket configured with "accept-proxy"
and the PROXY protocol is correctly used, then the logs will reflect the
forwarded connection's information.
- "client_port" is the TCP port of the client which initiated the connection.
If the connection was accepted on a UNIX socket instead, the port would be
replaced with the ID of the accepting socket, which is also reported in the
stats interface.
- "accept_date" is the exact date when the TCP connection was received by
haproxy (which might be very slightly different from the date observed on
the network if there was some queuing in the system's backlog). This is
usually the same date which may appear in any upstream firewall's log. This
does not depend on the fact that the client has sent the request or not.
- "backend_name" is the name of the backend (or listener) which was selected
to manage the connection to the server. This will be the same as the
frontend if no switching rule has been applied.
- "server_name" is the name of the last server to which the connection was
sent, which might differ from the first one if there were connection errors
and a redispatch occurred. Note that this server belongs to the backend
which processed the request. If the request was aborted before reaching a
server, "<NOSRV>" is indicated instead of a server name. If the request was
intercepted by the stats subsystem, "<STATS>" is indicated instead.
- "Tq" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the client to send
a full HTTP request, not counting data. It can be "-1" if the connection
was aborted before a complete request could be received. It should always
be very small because a request generally fits in one single packet. Large
times here generally indicate network trouble between the client and
haproxy. See "Timers" below for more details.
- "Tw" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting in the various queues.
It can be "-1" if the connection was aborted before reaching the queue.
See "Timers" below for more details.
- "Tc" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the connection to
establish to the final server, including retries. It can be "-1" if the
request was aborted before a connection could be established. See "Timers"
below for more details.
- "Tr" is the total time in milliseconds spent waiting for the server to send
a full HTTP response, not counting data. It can be "-1" if the request was
aborted before a complete response could be received. It generally matches
the server's processing time for the request, though it may be altered by
the amount of data sent by the client to the server. Large times here on
"GET" requests generally indicate an overloaded server. See "Timers" below
for more details.
- "Tt" is the total time in milliseconds elapsed between the accept and the
last close. It covers all possible processing. There is one exception, if
"option logasap" was specified, then the time counting stops at the moment
the log is emitted. In this case, a '+' sign is prepended before the value,
indicating that the final one will be larger. See "Timers" below for more
details.
- "status_code" is the HTTP status code returned to the client. This status
is generally set by the server, but it might also be set by haproxy when
the server cannot be reached or when its response is blocked by haproxy.
- "bytes_read" is the total number of bytes transmitted to the client when
the log is emitted. This does include HTTP headers. If "option logasap" is
specified, the this value will be prefixed with a '+' sign indicating that
the final one may be larger. Please note that this value is a 64-bit
counter, so log analysis tools must be able to handle it without
overflowing.
- "captured_request_cookie" is an optional "name=value" entry indicating that
the client had this cookie in the request. The cookie name and its maximum
length are defined by the "capture cookie" statement in the frontend
configuration. The field is a single dash ('-') when the option is not
set. Only one cookie may be captured, it is generally used to track session
ID exchanges between a client and a server to detect session crossing
between clients due to application bugs. For more details, please consult
the section "Capturing HTTP headers and cookies" below.
- "captured_response_cookie" is an optional "name=value" entry indicating
that the server has returned a cookie with its response. The cookie name
and its maximum length are defined by the "capture cookie" statement in the
frontend configuration. The field is a single dash ('-') when the option is
not set. Only one cookie may be captured, it is generally used to track
session ID exchanges between a client and a server to detect session
crossing between clients due to application bugs. For more details, please
consult the section "Capturing HTTP headers and cookies" below.
- "termination_state" is the condition the session was in when the session
ended. This indicates the session state, which side caused the end of
session to happen, for what reason (timeout, error, ...), just like in TCP
logs, and information about persistence operations on cookies in the last
two characters. The normal flags should begin with "--", indicating the
session was closed by either end with no data remaining in buffers. See
below "Session state at disconnection" for more details.
- "actconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the process when
the session was logged. It is useful to detect when some per-process system
limits have been reached. For instance, if actconn is close to 512 or 1024
when multiple connection errors occur, chances are high that the system
limits the process to use a maximum of 1024 file descriptors and that all
of them are used. See section 3 "Global parameters" to find how to tune the
system.
- "feconn" is the total number of concurrent connections on the frontend when
the session was logged. It is useful to estimate the amount of resource
required to sustain high loads, and to detect when the frontend's "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
"
has been reached. Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is
because there is congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be
caused by a denial of service attack.
- "beconn" is the total number of concurrent connections handled by the
backend when the session was logged. It includes the total number of
concurrent connections active on servers as well as the number of
connections pending in queues. It is useful to estimate the amount of
additional servers needed to support high loads for a given application.
Most often when this value increases by huge jumps, it is because there is
congestion on the backend servers, but sometimes it can be caused by a
denial of service attack.
- "srv_conn" is the total number of concurrent connections still active on
the server when the session was logged. It can never exceed the server's
configured "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
" parameter. If this value is very often close or equal
to the server's "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
", it means that traffic regulation is involved a
lot, meaning that either the server's maxconn value is too low, or that
there aren't enough servers to process the load with an optimal response
time. When only one of the server's "srv_conn" is high, it usually means
that this server has some trouble causing the requests to take longer to be
processed than on other servers.
- "retries" is the number of connection retries experienced by this session
when trying to connect to the server. It must normally be zero, unless a
server is being stopped at the same moment the connection was attempted.
Frequent retries generally indicate either a network problem between
haproxy and the server, or a misconfigured system backlog on the server
preventing new connections from being queued. This field may optionally be
prefixed with a '+' sign, indicating that the session has experienced a
redispatch after the maximal retry count has been reached on the initial
server. In this case, the server name appearing in the log is the one the
connection was redispatched to, and not the first one, though both may
sometimes be the same in case of hashing for instance. So as a general rule

of thumb, when a '+' is present in front of the retry count, this count
should not be attributed to the logged server.
- "srv_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before
this one in the server queue. It is zero when the request has not gone
through the server queue. It makes it possible to estimate the approximate
server's response time by dividing the time spent in queue by the number of
requests in the queue. It is worth noting that if a session experiences a
redispatch and passes through two server queues, their positions will be
cumulated. A request should not pass through both the server queue and the
backend queue unless a redispatch occurs.
- "backend_queue" is the total number of requests which were processed before
this one in the backend's global queue. It is zero when the request has not
gone through the global queue. It makes it possible to estimate the average
queue length, which easily translates into a number of missing servers when
divided by a server's "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
" parameter. It is worth noting that if a
session experiences a redispatch, it may pass twice in the backend's queue,
and then both positions will be cumulated. A request should not pass
through both the server queue and the backend queue unless a redispatch
occurs.
- "captured_request_headers" is a list of headers captured in the request due
to the presence of the "capture request header" statement in the frontend.
Multiple headers can be captured, they will be delimited by a vertical bar
('|'). When no capture is enabled, the braces do not appear, causing a
shift of remaining fields. It is important to note that this field may
contain spaces, and that using it requires a smarter log parser than when
it's not used. Please consult the section "Capturing HTTP headers and
cookies" below for more details.
- "captured_response_headers" is a list of headers captured in the response
due to the presence of the "capture response header" statement in the
frontend. Multiple headers can be captured, they will be delimited by a
vertical bar ('|'). When no capture is enabled, the braces do not appear,
causing a shift of remaining fields. It is important to note that this
field may contain spaces, and that using it requires a smarter log parser
than when it's not used. Please consult the section "Capturing HTTP headers
and cookies" below for more details.
- "http_request" is the complete HTTP request line, including the method,
request and HTTP version string. Non-printable characters are encoded (see
below the section "Non-printable characters"). This is always the last
field, and it is always delimited by quotes and is the only one which can
contain quotes. If new fields are added to the log format, they will be
added before this field. This field might be truncated if the request is
huge and does not fit in the standard syslog buffer (1024 characters). This
is the reason why this field must always remain the last one.
8.2.4. Custom log format

The directive log-format allows you to customize the logs in http mode and tcp
mode. It takes a string as argument.
HAproxy understands some log format variables. % precedes log format variables.
Variables can take arguments using braces ('{}'), and multiple arguments are
separated by commas within the braces. Flags may be added or removed by
prefixing them with a '+' or '-' sign.
Special variable "%o" may be used to propagate its flags to all other
variables on the same format string. This is particularly handy with quoted
string formats ("Q").
If a variable is named between square brackets ('[' .. ']') then it is used
as a sample expression rule (see section 7.3). This it useful to add some
less common information such as the client's SSL certificate's DN, or to log
the key that would be used to store an entry into a stick table.
Note: spaces must be escaped. A space character is considered as a separator.
In order to emit a verbatim '%', it must be preceded by another '%' resulting
in '%%'. HAProxy will automatically merge consecutive separators.
Flags are :
* Q: quote a string
* X: hexadecimal representation (IPs, Ports, %Ts, %rt, %pid)
Example:
log-format %T\ %t\ Some\ Text
log-format %{+Q}o\ %t\ %s\ %{-Q}r
At the moment, the default HTTP format is defined this way :
log-format %ci:%cp\ [%t]\ %ft\ %b/%s\ %Tq/%Tw/%Tc/%Tr/%Tt\ %ST\ %B\ %CC\ \
%CS\ %tsc\ %ac/%fc/%bc/%sc/%rc\ %sq/%bq\ %hr\ %hs\ %{+Q}r
the default CLF format is defined this way :
log-format %{+Q}o\ %{-Q}ci\ -\ -\ [%T]\ %r\ %ST\ %B\ \"\"\ \"\"\ %cp\ \
%ms\ %ft\ %b\ %s\ \%Tq\ %Tw\ %Tc\ %Tr\ %Tt\ %tsc\ %ac\ %fc\ \
%bc\ %sc\ %rc\ %sq\ %bq\ %CC\ %CS\ \%hrl\ %hsl
and the default TCP format is defined this way :
log-format %ci:%cp\ [%t]\ %ft\ %b/%s\ %Tw/%Tc/%Tt\ %B\ %ts\ \

%ac/%fc/%bc/%sc/%rc\ %sq/%bq
Please refer to the table below for currently defined variables :
+---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
| R | var | field name (8.2.2 and 8.2.3 for description) | type
|
+---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
|
| %o
| special variable, apply flags on all next var |
|
+---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
|
| %B
| bytes_read
(from server to client) | numeric
|
| H | %CC | captured_request_cookie
| string
|
| H | %CS | captured_response_cookie
| string
|
|
| %H
| hostname
| string
|
| H | %HM | HTTP method (ex: POST)
| string
|
| H | %HP | HTTP request URI without query string (path) | string
|
| H | %HQ | HTTP request URI query string (ex: ?bar=baz) | string
|
| H | %HU | HTTP request URI (ex: /foo?bar=baz)
| string
|
| H | %HV | HTTP version (ex: HTTP/1.0)
| string
|
|
| %ID | unique-id
| string
|
|
| %ST | status_code
| numeric
|
|
| %T
| gmt_date_time
| date
|
|
| %Tc | Tc
| numeric
|
|
| %Tl | local_date_time
| date
|
| H | %Tq | Tq
| numeric
|
| H | %Tr | Tr
| numeric
|
|
| %Ts | timestamp
| numeric
|
|
| %Tt | Tt
| numeric
|
|
| %Tw | Tw
| numeric
|
|
| %U
| bytes_uploaded
(from client to server) | numeric
|
|
| %ac | actconn
| numeric
|
|
| %b
| backend_name
| string
|
|
| %bc | beconn
(backend concurrent connections) | numeric
|
|
| %bi | backend_source_ip
(connecting address) | IP
|
|
| %bp | backend_source_port
(connecting address) | numeric
|
|
| %bq | backend_queue
| numeric
|
|
| %ci | client_ip
(accepted address) | IP
|
|
| %cp | client_port
(accepted address) | numeric
|
|
| %f
| frontend_name
| string
|
|
| %fc | feconn
(frontend concurrent connections) | numeric
|
|
| %fi | frontend_ip
(accepting address) | IP
|
|
| %fp | frontend_port
(accepting address) | numeric
|
|
| %ft | frontend_name_transport ('~' suffix for SSL) | string
|
|
| %lc | frontend_log_counter
| numeric
|
|
| %hr | captured_request_headers default style
| string
|
|
| %hrl | captured_request_headers CLF style
| string list |
|
| %hs | captured_response_headers default style
| string
|
|
| %hsl | captured_response_headers CLF style
| string list |
|
| %ms | accept date milliseconds (left-padded with 0) | numeric
|
|
| %pid | PID
| numeric
|
| H | %r
| http_request
| string
|
|
| %rc | retries
| numeric
|
|
| %rt | request_counter (HTTP req or TCP session)
| numeric
|
|
| %s
| server_name
| string
|
|
| %sc | srv_conn
(server concurrent connections) | numeric
|
|
| %si | server_IP
(target address) | IP
|
|
| %sp | server_port
(target address) | numeric
|
|
| %sq | srv_queue
| numeric
|
| S | %sslc| ssl_ciphers (ex: AES-SHA)
| string
|
| S | %sslv| ssl_version (ex: TLSv1)
| string
|
|
| %t
| date_time
(with millisecond resolution) | date
|
|
| %ts | termination_state
| string
|
| H | %tsc | termination_state with cookie status
| string
|
+---+------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
R = Restrictions : H = mode http only ; S = SSL only
8.2.5. Error log format

When an incoming connection fails due to an SSL handshake or an invalid PROXY
protocol header, haproxy will log the event using a shorter, fixed line format.
By default, logs are emitted at the LOG_INFO level, unless the option
"log-separate-errors" is set in the backend, in which case the LOG_ERR level
will be used. Connections on which no data are exchanged (eg: probes) are not
logged if the "dontlognull" option is set.
The format looks like this :
>>> Dec 3 18:27:14 localhost \
haproxy[6103]: 127.0.0.1:56059 [03/Dec/2012:17:35:10.380] frt/f1: \
Connection error during SSL handshake
Field
1
2
3
4
5
Format
haproxy[6103]:
127.0.0.1:56059
'[' accept_date ']'
[03/Dec/2012:17:35:10.380]
frontend_name "/" bind_name ":"
frt/f1:
message
Connection error during SSL handshake
These fields just provide minimal information to help debugging connection

failures.
8.3.
Advanced logging options
Some advanced logging options are often looked for but are not easy to find out
just by looking at the various options. Here is an entry point for the few
options which can enable better logging. Please refer to the keywords reference
for more information about their usage.
8.3.1. Disabling logging of external tests
It is quite common to have some monitoring tools perform health checks on

haproxy. Sometimes it will be a layer 3 load-balancer such as LVS or any
commercial load-balancer, and sometimes it will simply be a more complete
monitoring system such as Nagios. When the tests are very frequent, users often
ask how to disable logging for those checks. There are three possibilities :
- if connections come from everywhere and are just TCP probes, it is often
desired to simply disable logging of connections without data exchange, by
setting "option dontlognull" in the frontend. It also disables logging of
port scans, which may or may not be desired.
- if the connection come from a known source network, use "monitor-net" to
declare this network as monitoring only. Any host in this network will then
only be able to perform health checks, and their requests will not be
logged. This is generally appropriate to designate a list of equipment
such as other load-balancers.
- if the tests are performed on a known URI, use "monitor-uri" to declare
this URI as dedicated to monitoring. Any host sending this request will
only get the result of a health-check, and the request will not be logged.
8.3.2. Logging before waiting for the session to terminate

The problem with logging at end of connection is that you have no clue about
what is happening during very long sessions, such as remote terminal sessions
or large file downloads. This problem can be worked around by specifying
"option logasap" in the frontend. Haproxy will then log as soon as possible,
just before data transfer begins. This means that in case of TCP, it will still
log the connection status to the server, and in case of HTTP, it will log just
after processing the server headers. In this case, the number of bytes reported
is the number of header bytes sent to the client. In order to avoid confusion
with normal logs, the total time field and the number of bytes are prefixed
with a '+' sign which means that real numbers are certainly larger.
8.3.3. Raising log level upon errors

Sometimes it is more convenient to separate normal traffic from errors logs,
for instance in order to ease error monitoring from log files. When the option
"log-separate-errors" is used, connections which experience errors, timeouts,
retries, redispatches or HTTP status codes 5xx will see their syslog level
raised from "info" to "err". This will help a syslog daemon store the log in
a separate file. It is very important to keep the errors in the normal traffic
file too, so that log ordering is not altered. You should also be careful if
you already have configured your syslog daemon to store all logs higher than
"notice" in an "admin" file, because the "err" level is higher than "notice".
8.3.4. Disabling logging of successful connections

Although this may sound strange at first, some large sites have to deal with
multiple thousands of logs per second and are experiencing difficulties keeping
them intact for a long time or detecting errors within them. If the option
"dontlog-normal" is set on the frontend, all normal connections will not be
logged. In this regard, a normal connection is defined as one without any
error, timeout, retry nor redispatch. In HTTP, the status code is checked too,
and a response with a status 5xx is not considered normal and will be logged
too. Of course, doing is is really discouraged as it will remove most of the
useful information from the logs. Do this only if you have no other
alternative.
8.4.
Timing events
Timers provide a great help in troubleshooting network problems. All values are
reported in milliseconds (ms). These timers should be used in conjunction with
the session termination flags. In TCP mode with "option tcplog" set on the
frontend, 3 control points are reported under the form "Tw/Tc/Tt", and in HTTP
mode, 5 control points are reported under the form "Tq/Tw/Tc/Tr/Tt" :
- Tq: total time to get the client request (HTTP mode only). It's the time
elapsed between the moment the client connection was accepted and the
moment the proxy received the last HTTP header. The value "-1" indicates
that the end of headers (empty line) has never been seen. This happens when
the client closes prematurely or times out.
- Tw: total time spent in the queues waiting for a connection slot. It
accounts for backend queue as well as the server queues, and depends on the
queue size, and the time needed for the server to complete previous
requests. The value "-1" means that the request was killed before reaching
the queue, which is generally what happens with invalid or denied requests.
- Tc: total time to establish the TCP connection to the server. It's the time
elapsed between the moment the proxy sent the connection request, and the
moment it was acknowledged by the server, or between the TCP SYN packet and
the matching SYN/ACK packet in return. The value "-1" means that the
connection never established.
- Tr: server response time (HTTP mode only). It's the time elapsed between
the moment the TCP connection was established to the server and the moment
the server sent its complete response headers. It purely shows its request
processing time, without the network overhead due to the data transmission.
It is worth noting that when the client has data to send to the server, for
instance during a POST request, the time already runs, and this can distort
apparent response time. For this reason, it's generally wise not to trust
too much this field for POST requests initiated from clients behind an
untrusted network. A value of "-1" here means that the last the response
header (empty line) was never seen, most likely because the server timeout
stroke before the server managed to process the request.
- Tt: total session duration time, between the moment the proxy accepted it
and the moment both ends were closed. The exception is when the "logasap"
option is specified. In this case, it only equals (Tq+Tw+Tc+Tr), and is

prefixed with a '+' sign. From this field, we can deduce "Td", the data
transmission time, by subtracting other timers when valid :
Td = Tt - (Tq + Tw + Tc + Tr)
Timers with "-1" values have to be excluded from this equation. In TCP
mode, "Tq" and "Tr" have to be excluded too. Note that "Tt" can never be
negative.
These timers provide precious indications on trouble causes. Since the TCP
protocol defines retransmit delays of 3, 6, 12... seconds, we know for sure
that timers close to multiples of 3s are nearly always related to lost packets
due to network problems (wires, negotiation, congestion). Moreover, if "Tt" is
close to a timeout value specified in the configuration, it often means that a
session has been aborted on timeout.
Most common cases :
- If "Tq" is close to 3000, a packet has probably been lost between the
client and the proxy. This is very rare on local networks but might happen
when clients are on far remote networks and send large requests. It may
happen that values larger than usual appear here without any network cause.
Sometimes, during an attack or just after a resource starvation has ended,
haproxy may accept thousands of connections in a few milliseconds. The time
spent accepting these connections will inevitably slightly delay processing
of other connections, and it can happen that request times in the order of
a few tens of milliseconds are measured after a few thousands of new
connections have been accepted at once. Setting "option http-server-close"
may display larger request times since "Tq" also measures the time spent
waiting for additional requests.
- If "Tc" is close to 3000, a packet has probably been lost between the
server and the proxy during the server connection phase. This value should
always be very low, such as 1 ms on local networks and less than a few tens
of ms on remote networks.
- If "Tr" is nearly always lower than 3000 except some rare values which seem
to be the average majored by 3000, there are probably some packets lost
between the proxy and the server.
- If "Tt" is large even for small byte counts, it generally is because
neither the client nor the server decides to close the connection, for
instance because both have agreed on a keep-alive connection mode. In order
to solve this issue, it will be needed to specify "option httpclose" on
either the frontend or the backend. If the problem persists, it means that
the server ignores the "close" connection mode and expects the client to
close. Then it will be required to use "option forceclose". Having the
smallest possible 'Tt' is important when connection regulation is used with
the "maxconn
Performance tuning
Bind options
" option on the servers, since no new connection will be sent
to the server until another one is released.
Other noticeable HTTP log cases ('xx' means any value to be ignored) :
Tq/Tw/Tc/Tr/+Tt
The "option logasap" is present on the frontend and the log

was emitted before the data phase. All the timers are valid
except "Tt" which is shorter than reality.
-1/xx/xx/xx/Tt
The client was not able to send a complete request in time

or it aborted too early. Check the session termination flags
then "timeout http-request" and "timeout client" settings.
Tq/-1/xx/xx/Tt
It was not possible to process the request, maybe because

servers were out of order, because the request was invalid
or forbidden by ACL rules. Check the session termination
flags.
Tq/Tw/-1/xx/Tt
The connection could not establish on the server. Either it

actively refused it or it timed out after Tt-(Tq+Tw) ms.
Check the session termination flags, then check the
"timeout connect" setting. Note that the tarpit action might
return similar-looking patterns, with "Tw" equal to the time
the client connection was maintained open.
Tq/Tw/Tc/-1/Tt
The server has accepted the connection but did not return
a complete response in time, or it closed its connection
unexpectedly after Tt-(Tq+Tw+Tc) ms. Check the session
termination flags, then check the "timeout server" setting.
8.5.
Session state at disconnection
TCP and HTTP logs provide a session termination indicator in the

"termination_state" field, just before the number of active connections. It is
2-characters long in TCP mode, and is extended to 4 characters in HTTP mode,
each of which has a special meaning :
- On the first character, a code reporting the first event which caused the
session to terminate :
C : the TCP session was unexpectedly aborted by the client.
S : the TCP session was unexpectedly aborted by the server, or the
server explicitly refused it.
P : the session was prematurely aborted by the proxy, because of a

connection limit enforcement, because a DENY filter was matched,
because of a security check which detected and blocked a dangerous
error in server response which might have caused information leak
(eg: cacheable cookie).
L : the session was locally processed by haproxy and was not passed to
a server. This is what happens for stats and redirects.
R : a resource on the proxy has been exhausted (memory, sockets, source
ports, ...). Usually, this appears during the connection phase, and
system logs should contain a copy of the precise error. If this
happens, it must be considered as a very serious anomaly which
should be fixed as soon as possible by any means.
I : an internal error was identified by the proxy during a self-check.
This should NEVER happen, and you are encouraged to report any log
containing this, because this would almost certainly be a bug. It
would be wise to preventively restart the process after such an
event too, in case it would be caused by memory corruption.
D : the session was killed by haproxy because the server was detected
as down and was configured to kill all connections when going down.
U : the session was killed by haproxy on this backup server because an
active server was detected as up and was configured to kill all
backup connections when going up.
K : the session was actively killed by an admin operating on haproxy.
c : the client-side timeout expired while waiting for the client to
send or receive data.
s : the server-side timeout expired while waiting for the server to
send or receive data.
- : normal session completion, both the client and the server closed
with nothing left in the buffers.
- on the second character, the TCP or HTTP session state when it was closed :
R : the proxy was waiting for a complete, valid REQUEST from the client
(HTTP mode only). Nothing was sent to any server.
Q : the proxy was waiting in the QUEUE for a connection slot. This can
only happen when servers have a 'maxconn' parameter set. It can
also happen in the global queue after a redispatch consecutive to
a failed attempt to connect to a dying server. If no redispatch is
reported, then no connection attempt was made to any server.
C : the proxy was waiting for the CONNECTION to establish on the
server. The server might at most have noticed a connection attempt.
H : the proxy was waiting for complete, valid response HEADERS from the
server (HTTP only).
D : the session was in the DATA phase.
L : the proxy was still transmitting LAST data to the client while the
server had already finished. This one is very rare as it can only
happen when the client dies while receiving the last packets.
T : the request was tarpitted. It has been held open with the client
during the whole "timeout tarpit" duration or until the client
closed, both of which will be reported in the "Tw" timer.
- : normal session completion after end of data transfer.
- the third character tells whether the persistence cookie was provided by
the client (only in HTTP mode) :
N : the client provided NO cookie. This is usually the case for new
visitors, so counting the number of occurrences of this flag in the
logs generally indicate a valid trend for the site frequentation.
I : the client provided an INVALID cookie matching no known server.
This might be caused by a recent configuration change, mixed
cookies between HTTP/HTTPS sites, persistence conditionally
ignored, or an attack.
D : the client provided a cookie designating a server which was DOWN,
so either "option persist" was used and the client was sent to
this server, or it was not set and the client was redispatched to
another server.
V : the client provided a VALID cookie, and was sent to the associated
server.
E : the client provided a valid cookie, but with a last date which was
older than what is allowed by the "maxidle" cookie parameter, so
the cookie is consider EXPIRED and is ignored. The request will be
redispatched just as if there was no cookie.
O : the client provided a valid cookie, but with a first date which was
older than what is allowed by the "maxlife" cookie parameter, so
the cookie is consider too OLD and is ignored. The request will be
redispatched just as if there was no cookie.
U : a cookie was present but was not used to select the server because
some other server selection mechanism was used instead (typically a
"use-server" rule).
- : does not apply (no cookie set in configuration).
- the last character reports what operations were performed on the persistence
cookie returned by the server (only in HTTP mode) :
N : NO cookie was provided by the server, and none was inserted either.
I : no cookie was provided by the server, and the proxy INSERTED one.
Note that in "cookie insert" mode, if the server provides a cookie,
it will still be overwritten and reported as "I" here.
U : the proxy UPDATED the last date in the cookie that was presented by
the client. This can only happen in insert mode with "maxidle". It
happens every time there is activity at a different date than the
date indicated in the cookie. If any other change happens, such as
a redispatch, then the cookie will be marked as inserted instead.
P : a cookie was PROVIDED by the server and transmitted as-is.
R : the cookie provided by the server was REWRITTEN by the proxy, which
happens in "cookie rewrite" or "cookie prefix" modes.
D : the cookie provided by the server was DELETED by the proxy.
- : does not apply (no cookie set in configuration).
The combination of the two first flags gives a lot of information about what
was happening when the session terminated, and why it did terminate. It can be
helpful to detect server saturation, network troubles, local system resource
starvation, attacks, etc...
The most common termination flags combinations are indicated below. They are
alphabetically sorted, with the lowercase set just after the upper case for
easier finding and understanding.
Flags
Reason
--
Normal termination.
CC
The client aborted before the connection could be established to the

server. This can happen when haproxy tries to connect to a recently
dead (or unchecked) server, and the client aborts while haproxy is
waiting for the server to respond or for "timeout connect" to expire.
CD
The client unexpectedly aborted during data transfer. This can be

caused by a browser crash, by an intermediate equipment between the
client and haproxy which decided to actively break the connection,
by network routing issues between the client and haproxy, or by a
keep-alive session between the server and the client terminated first
by the client.
cD
The client did not send nor acknowledge any data for as long as the
"timeout client" delay. This is often caused by network failures on
the client side, or the client simply leaving the net uncleanly.
CH
The client aborted while waiting for the server to start responding.
It might be the server taking too long to respond or the client
clicking the 'Stop' button too fast.
cH
The "timeout client" stroke while waiting for client data during a
POST request. This is sometimes caused by too large TCP MSS values
for PPPoE networks which cannot transport full-sized packets. It can
also happen when client timeout is smaller than server timeout and
the server takes too long to respond.
CQ
The client aborted while its session was queued, waiting for a server
with enough empty slots to accept it. It might be that either all the
servers were saturated or that the assigned server was taking too
long a time to respond.
CR
The client aborted before sending a full HTTP request. Most likely
the request was typed by hand using a telnet client, and aborted
too early. The HTTP status code is likely a 400 here. Sometimes this
might also be caused by an IDS killing the connection between haproxy
and the client. "option http-ignore-probes" can be used to ignore
connections without any data transfer.
cR
The "timeout http-request" stroke before the client sent a full HTTP
request. This is sometimes caused by too large TCP MSS values on the
client side for PPPoE networks which cannot transport full-sized
packets, or by clients sending requests by hand and not typing fast
enough, or forgetting to enter the empty line at the end of the
request. The HTTP status code is likely a 408 here. Note: recently,
some browsers started to implement a "pre-connect" feature consisting
in speculatively connecting to some recently visited web sites just
in case the user would like to visit them. This results in many
connections being established to web sites, which end up in 408
Request Timeout if the timeout strikes first, or 400 Bad Request when
the browser decides to close them first. These ones pollute the log
and feed the error counters. Some versions of some browsers have even
been reported to display the error code. It is possible to work
around the undesirable effects of this behaviour by adding "option
http-ignore-probes" in the frontend, resulting in connections with
zero data transfer to be totally ignored. This will definitely hide
the errors of people experiencing connectivity issues though.
CT
The client aborted while its session was tarpitted. It is important to

check if this happens on valid requests, in order to be sure that no
wrong tarpit rules have been written. If a lot of them happen, it
might make sense to lower the "timeout tarpit" value to something
closer to the average reported "Tw" timer, in order not to consume
resources for just a few attackers.
LR
The request was intercepted and locally handled by haproxy. Generally

it means that this was a redirect or a stats request.
SC
The server or an equipment between it and haproxy explicitly refused

the TCP connection (the proxy received a TCP RST or an ICMP message
in return). Under some circumstances, it can also be the network
stack telling the proxy that the server is unreachable (eg: no route,
or no ARP response on local network). When this happens in HTTP mode,
the status code is likely a 502 or 503 here.
sC
The "timeout connect" stroke before a connection to the server could

complete. When this happens in HTTP mode, the status code is likely a
503 or 504 here.
SD
The connection to the server died with an error during the data
transfer. This usually means that haproxy has received an RST from
the server or an ICMP message from an intermediate equipment while
exchanging data with the server. This can be caused by a server crash
or by a network issue on an intermediate equipment.
sD
The server did not send nor acknowledge any data for as long as the
"timeout server" setting during the data phase. This is often caused
by too short timeouts on L4 equipments before the server (firewalls,
load-balancers, ...), as well as keep-alive sessions maintained
between the client and the server expiring first on haproxy.
SH
The server aborted before sending its full HTTP response headers, or
it crashed while processing the request. Since a server aborting at
this moment is very rare, it would be wise to inspect its logs to
control whether it crashed and why. The logged request may indicate a
small set of faulty requests, demonstrating bugs in the application.
Sometimes this might also be caused by an IDS killing the connection
between haproxy and the server.
sH
The "timeout server" stroke before the server could return its
response headers. This is the most common anomaly, indicating too
long transactions, probably caused by server or database saturation.
The immediate workaround consists in increasing the "timeout server"
setting, but it is important to keep in mind that the user experience
will suffer from these long response times. The only long term
solution is to fix the application.
sQ
The session spent too much time in queue and has been expired. See
the "timeout queue" and "timeout connect" settings to find out how to
fix this if it happens too often. If it often happens massively in
short periods, it may indicate general problems on the affected
servers due to I/O or database congestion, or saturation caused by
external attacks.
PC
The proxy refused to establish a connection to the server because the

process' socket limit has been reached while attempting to connect.
The global "maxconn

Performance tuning
Bind options
" parameter may be increased in the configuration
so that it does not happen anymore. This status is very rare and
might happen when the global "ulimit-n" parameter is forced by hand.
PD
The proxy blocked an incorrectly formatted chunked encoded message in

a request or a response, after the server has emitted its headers. In
most cases, this will indicate an invalid message from the server to
the client. Haproxy supports chunk sizes of up to 2GB - 1 (2147483647
bytes). Any larger size will be considered as an error.
PH
The proxy blocked the server's response, because it was invalid,

incomplete, dangerous (cache control), or matched a security filter.
In any case, an HTTP 502 error is sent to the client. One possible
cause for this error is an invalid syntax in an HTTP header name
containing unauthorized characters. It is also possible but quite
rare, that the proxy blocked a chunked-encoding request from the
client due to an invalid syntax, before the server responded. In this
case, an HTTP 400 error is sent to the client and reported in the
logs.
PR
The proxy blocked the client's HTTP request, either because of an

invalid HTTP syntax, in which case it returned an HTTP 400 error to
the client, or because a deny filter matched, in which case it
returned an HTTP 403 error.
PT
The proxy blocked the client's request and has tarpitted its
connection before returning it a 500 server error. Nothing was sent
to the server. The connection was maintained open for as long as
reported by the "Tw" timer field.
RC
A local resource has been exhausted (memory, sockets, source ports)

preventing the connection to the server from establishing. The error
logs will tell precisely what was missing. This is very rare and can
only be solved by proper system tuning.
The combination of the two last flags gives a lot of information about how
persistence was handled by the client, the server and by haproxy. This is very
important to troubleshoot disconnections, when users complain they have to
re-authenticate. The commonly encountered flags are :
--
Persistence cookie is not enabled.
NN
No cookie was provided by the client, none was inserted in the

response. For instance, this can be in insert mode with "postonly"
set on a GET request.
II
A cookie designating an invalid server was provided by the client,

a valid one was inserted in the response. This typically happens when
a "server" entry is removed from the configuration, since its cookie

value can be presented by a client when no other server knows it.
8.6.
NI
No cookie was provided by the client, one was inserted in the

response. This typically happens for first requests from every user
in "insert" mode, which makes it an easy way to count real users.
VN
A cookie was provided by the client, none was inserted in the

response. This happens for most responses for which the client has
already got a cookie.
VU
A cookie was provided by the client, with a last visit date which is
not completely up-to-date, so an updated cookie was provided in
response. This can also happen if there was no date at all, or if
there was a date but the "maxidle" parameter was not set, so that the
cookie can be switched to unlimited time.
EI
A cookie was provided by the client, with a last visit date which is
too old for the "maxidle" parameter, so the cookie was ignored and a
new cookie was inserted in the response.
OI
A cookie was provided by the client, with a first visit date which is
too old for the "maxlife" parameter, so the cookie was ignored and a
new cookie was inserted in the response.
DI
The server designated by the cookie was down, a new server was
selected and a new cookie was emitted in the response.
VI
The server designated by the cookie was not marked dead but could not
be reached. A redispatch happened and selected another one, which was
then advertised in the response.
Non-printable characters
In order not to cause trouble to log analysis tools or terminals during log
consulting, non-printable characters are not sent as-is into log files, but are
converted to the two-digits hexadecimal representation of their ASCII code,
prefixed by the character '#'. The only characters that can be logged without
being escaped are comprised between 32 and 126 (inclusive). Obviously, the
escape character '#' itself is also encoded to avoid any ambiguity ("#23"). It
is the same for the character '"' which becomes "#22", as well as '{', '|' and
'}' when logging headers.
Note that the space character (' ') is not encoded in headers, which can cause
issues for tools relying on space count to locate fields. A typical header
containing spaces is "User-Agent".
Last, it has been observed that some syslog daemons such as syslog-ng escape
the quote ('"') with a backslash ('\'). The reverse operation can safely be
performed since no quote may appear anywhere else in the logs.
8.7.
Capturing HTTP cookies
Cookie capture simplifies the tracking a complete user session. This can be
achieved using the "capture cookie" statement in the frontend. Please refer to
section 4.2 for more details. Only one cookie can be captured, and the same
cookie will simultaneously be checked in the request ("Cookie:" header) and in
the response ("Set-Cookie:" header). The respective values will be reported in
the HTTP logs at the "captured_request_cookie" and "captured_response_cookie"
locations (see section 8.2.3 about HTTP log format). When either cookie is
not seen, a dash ('-') replaces the value. This way, it's easy to detect when a
user switches to a new session for example, because the server will reassign it
a new cookie. It is also possible to detect if a server unexpectedly sets a
wrong cookie to a client, leading to session crossing.
Examples :
# capture the first cookie whose name starts with "ASPSESSION"
capture cookie ASPSESSION len 32
# capture the first cookie whose name is exactly "vgnvisitor"
capture cookie vgnvisitor= len 32
8.8.
Capturing HTTP headers
Header captures are useful to track unique request identifiers set by an upper
proxy, virtual host names, user-agents, POST content-length, referrers, etc. In
the response, one can search for information about the response length, how the
server asked the cache to behave, or an object location during a redirection.
Header captures are performed using the "capture request header" and "capture
response header" statements in the frontend. Please consult their definition in
section 4.2 for more details.
It is possible to include both request headers and response headers at the same
time. Non-existent headers are logged as empty strings, and if one header
appears more than once, only its last occurrence will be logged. Request headers
are grouped within braces '{' and '}' in the same order as they were declared,
and delimited with a vertical bar '|' without any space. Response headers
follow the same representation, but are displayed after a space following the
request headers block. These blocks are displayed just before the HTTP request
in the logs.
As a special case, it is possible to specify an HTTP header capture in a TCP
frontend. The purpose is to enable logging of headers which will be parsed in
an HTTP backend if the request is then switched to this HTTP backend.
Example :
# This instance chains to the outgoing proxy

listen proxy-out
mode http
option httplog
option logasap
log global
server cache1 192.168.1.1:3128
# log the name of the virtual server
# log the amount of data uploaded during a POST
capture request header Content-Length len 10
# log the beginning of the referrer
capture request header Referer len 20
# server name (useful for outgoing proxies only)
capture response header Server len 20
# logging the content-length is useful with "option logasap"
capture response header Content-Length len 10
# log the expected cache behaviour on the response
capture response header Cache-Control len 8
# the Via header will report the next proxy's name
capture response header Via len 20
# log the URL location during a redirection
capture response header Location len 20
>>> Aug 9 20:26:09 localhost \
haproxy[2022]: 127.0.0.1:34014 [09/Aug/2004:20:26:09] proxy-out \
proxy-out/cache1 0/0/0/162/+162 200 +350 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 \
{fr.adserver.yahoo.co||http://fr.f416.mail.} {|864|private||} \
"GET http://fr.adserver.yahoo.com/"
proxy-out/cache1 0/0/0/182/+182 200 +279 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 \
{w.ods.org||} {Formilux/0.1.8|3495|||} \
"GET http://trafic.1wt.eu/ HTTP/1.1"
proxy-out/cache1 0/0/2/126/+128 301 +223 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 \
{www.sytadin.equipement.gouv.fr||http://trafic.1wt.eu/} \
{Apache|230|||http://www.sytadin.} \
"GET http://www.sytadin.equipement.gouv.fr/ HTTP/1.1"
8.9.
Examples of logs
These are real-world examples of logs accompanied with an explanation. Some of

them have been made up by hand. The syslog part has been removed for better
reading. Their sole purpose is to explain how to decipher them.
>>> haproxy[674]: 127.0.0.1:33318 [15/Oct/2003:08:31:57.130] px-http \
px-http/srv1 6559/0/7/147/6723 200 243 - - ---- 5/3/3/1/0 0/0 \
"HEAD / HTTP/1.0"
=> long request (6.5s) entered by hand through 'telnet'. The server replied
in 147 ms, and the session ended normally ('----')
px-http/srv1 6559/1230/7/147/6870 200 243 - - ---- 324/239/239/99/0 \
0/9 "HEAD / HTTP/1.0"
=> Idem, but the request was queued in the global queue behind 9 other
requests, and waited there for 1230 ms.
px-http/srv1 9/0/7/14/+30 200 +243 - - ---- 3/3/3/1/0 0/0 \
"GET /image.iso HTTP/1.0"
=> request for a long data transfer. The "logasap" option was specified, so
the log was produced just before transferring data. The server replied in
14 ms, 243 bytes of headers were sent to the client, and total time from
accept to first data byte is 30 ms.
px-http/srv1 9/0/7/14/30 502 243 - - PH-- 3/2/2/0/0 0/0 \
"GET /cgi-bin/bug.cgi? HTTP/1.0"
=> the proxy blocked a server response either because of an "rspdeny" or
"rspideny" filter, or because the response was improperly formatted and
not HTTP-compliant, or because it blocked sensitive information which
risked being cached. In this case, the response is replaced with a "502
bad gateway". The flags ("PH--") tell us that it was haproxy who decided
to return the 502 and not the server.
px-http/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/8490 -1 0 - - CR-- 2/2/2/0/0 0/0 ""
=> the client never completed its request and aborted itself ("C---") after
8.5s, while the proxy was waiting for the request headers ("-R--").
Nothing was sent to any server.
px-http/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/50001 408 0 - - cR-- 2/2/2/0/0 0/0 ""
=> The client never completed its request, which was aborted by the
time-out ("c---") after 50s, while the proxy was waiting for the request
headers ("-R--"). Nothing was sent to any server, but the proxy could
send a 408 return code to the client.
>>> haproxy[18989]: 127.0.0.1:34550 [15/Oct/2003:15:24:28.312] px-tcp \
px-tcp/srv1 0/0/5007 0 cD 0/0/0/0/0 0/0
=> This log was produced with "option tcplog". The client timed out after
5 seconds ("c----").
px-http/srv1 3183/-1/-1/-1/11215 503 0 - - SC-- 205/202/202/115/3 \
0/0 "HEAD / HTTP/1.0"
=> The request took 3s to complete (probably a network problem), and the
connection to the server failed ('SC--') after 4 attempts of 2 seconds
(config says 'retries 3'), and no redispatch (otherwise we would have
seen "/+3"). Status code 503 was returned to the client. There were 115
connections on this server, 202 connections on this proxy, and 205 on
the global process. It is possible that the server refused the
connection because of too many already established.
HAProxy 1.7-dev1 Configuration Manual

2015/12/20, willy tarreau

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HAProxy Configuration Manual

HAProxy home page

Process management and security

Bind and Server options

HTTP header manipulation

Using ACLs and fetching samples

1. Quick reminder about HTTP

The HTTP transaction model

First, let's consider this HTTP request :

1.2.1. The Request line

1.2.2. The request headers

As a special case, HTTP supports so called "Informational responses" as status

1.3.1. The Response line

when the server returns an empty, invalid or incomplete response, or

1.3.2. The response headers

Configuration file format

HAProxy's configuration process involves 3 major sources of parameters :

Quoting and escaping

HAProxy's configuration introduces a quoting and escaping system similar to

mark a space and differentiate it from a delimiter

space as a parameter separator

HAProxy's configuration supports environment variables. Those variables are

log "${LOCAL_SYSLOG}:514" local0 notice

# send to local server

Some parameters involve values representing time, such as timeouts. These

Assuming haproxy is in $PATH, test these configurations in a shell with:

Process management and security

chroot <jail dir>

cpu-map <"all"|"odd"|"even"|process_num> <cpu-set>...

group <group name>

The RFC3164 syslog message format. This is the default.

The RFC5424 syslog message format.

<facility> must be one of the 24 standard syslog facilities :

warning notice info

stats bind-process [ all | odd | even | <number 1-64>[-<number 1-64>] ] ...

stats socket [<address:port>|<path>] [param*]

to <path> or a TCPv4/v6 address to <address:port>.

All parameters supported by "bind" lines are supported, for instance to

stats timeout <timeout, in milliseconds>

stats maxconn <connections>

user <user name>

51degrees-data-file <file path>

max-spread-checks <delay in milliseconds>

spread-checks <0..50, in percent>

This value defaults to 64. In multi-process mode, it is divided by twice

" is greater than 1. Setting

It is possible to control access to frontend/backend/listen sections or to

group <groupname> [users <user>,<user>,(...)]

user <username> [password|insecure-password <password>] [groups <group>,<group>,(...)]

It is possible to propagate entries of any data-types in stick-tables between

peer <peername> <ip>:<port>

It is possible to send email alerts when the state of servers changes.

mailer <mailername> <ip>:<port>

after the end of the response.

| KAL | TUN | PCL | SCL | FCL

Proxy keywords matrix

Alphabetically sorted keywords reference

This section provides a description of each keyword and its usage.

acl <aclname> <criterion> [flags] [operator] <value> ...