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    MITOCHONDRIA

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    Abid Raza
    Mitochondria are organelles found in animal cells that produce energy through aerobic respiration. They have a double membrane structure and folded inner membrane containing proteins for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Mitochondria generate ATP by using oxygen and nutrients to undergo oxidative phosphorylation. They are often called the "powerhouse of the cell" as they produce most of the cell's energy. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and can self-replicate, with all human mitochondria being maternally inherited. In addition to energy production, mitochondria play roles in many other metabolic processes essential for cell functioning and survival.

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    MITOCHONDRIA

    Uploaded by

    Abid Raza
    235 views3 pages
    Mitochondria are organelles found in animal cells that produce energy through aerobic respiration. They have a double membrane structure and folded inner membrane containing proteins for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Mitochondria generate ATP by using oxygen and nutrients to undergo oxidative phosphorylation. They are often called the "powerhouse of the cell" as they produce most of the cell's energy. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and can self-replicate, with all human mitochondria being maternally inherited. In addition to energy production, mitochondria play roles in many other metabolic processes essential for cell functioning and survival.

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    Mitochondria are organelles found in animal cells that produce energy through aerobic respiration. They have a double membrane structure and folded inner membrane containing proteins for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Mitochondria generate ATP by using oxygen and nutrients to undergo oxidative phosphorylation. They are often called the "powerhouse of the cell" as they produce most of the cell's energy. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and can self-replicate, with all human mitochondria being maternally inherited. In addition to energy production, mitochondria play roles in many other metabolic processes essential for cell functioning and survival.

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    235 views3 pages

    MITOCHONDRIA

    Uploaded by

    Abid Raza
    Mitochondria are organelles found in animal cells that produce energy through aerobic respiration. They have a double membrane structure and folded inner membrane containing proteins for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Mitochondria generate ATP by using oxygen and nutrients to undergo oxidative phosphorylation. They are often called the "powerhouse of the cell" as they produce most of the cell's energy. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and can self-replicate, with all human mitochondria being maternally inherited. In addition to energy production, mitochondria play roles in many other metabolic processes essential for cell functioning and survival.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    MITOCHONDRIA

    Made By: S.M.Abid

    Mitochondria The organelle that releases energy in the cell. (The


    powerhouse of the cell)
    Only found in ANIMAL cells.
    Mitochondria produce ATP using energy stored in food molecules.
    Mitochondria are the primary energy producers in cells.

    STRUCTURE

    Mitochondria have a double membrane structure


    There is a single outer membrane and a folded inner membrane
    Sac with two inner compartments which are separated by the inner
    membrane.
    The first compartment is between the outer and inner membranes.
    The outer compartment is inside the inner membrane.
    The outer mitochondrial membrane is composed of about 50%
    phospholipids by weight and contains a variety of enzymes involved in
    such diverse activities as the elongation of fatty acids, oxidation of
    epinephrine (adrenaline), and the degradation of tryptophan.
    The inner membrane contains proteins with three types of functions
    [Alberts, 1994]:
    those that carry out the oxidation reactions of the respiratory chain
    ATP synthase, which makes ATP in the matrix
    specific transport proteins that regulate the passage of metabolites into
    and out of the matrix.

    FUNCTION

    Mitochondria are the site of most of the energy production in eukaryotic


    cells .
    They use complex molecules and oxygen to produce a high energy
    molecule know as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

    Made By: S.M.Abid

    process called aerobic respiration


    Energy production the mitochondria has been called the "powerhouse of
    the cell".
    Mitochondria are very abundant in cells that require lots of energy.
    Ex:- Muscle
    Mitochondria are very unique in several regards
    have their own circular DNA
    have their own Ribosomes.
    (The DNA in the cell nucleus does not code for the construction of
    mitochondria. )
    All the mitochondria in your body came from your mother.
    Mitochondria are not part of the genetic code in the nucleus of your cells.
    Fathers only give genes to their children.
    Mothers give genes and cytoplasm to their children in their egg cells.
    Since mitochondria are in the cytoplasm and reproduce themselves they
    only are inherited from mothers
    Geneticists have used this curious feature of mitochondria to study
    maternal family lines and rates of evolution.

    Although the primary function of mitochondria is to convert organic materials


    into cellular energy in the form of ATP, mitochondria play an important role in
    many metabolic tasks, such as:

    Apoptosis-Programmed cell death


    Glutamate-mediated excitotoxic neuronal injury
    Cellular proliferation
    Regulation of the cellular redox state
    Heme synthesis
    Steroid synthesis
    Heat production (enabling the organism to stay warm).
    Some mitochondrial functions are performed only in specific types of cells.
    For example, mitochondria in liver cells contain enzymes that allow them
    to detoxify ammonia, a waste product of protein metabolism. A mutation
    in the genes regulating any of these functions can result in a variety of
    mitochondrial diseases.

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