11

Abridged referencing for students

Lida Krger
Mia Stander

Department of Afrikaans and Theory of Literature

University of South Africa
Version May 14th, 2012

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Abridged referencing for students

Lida Krger
Mia Stander
Page

1.

Frequently Asked Questions....................................................................................3

2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10

Books.......................................................................................................................... 4
One author................................................................................................................... 4
Two authors.................................................................................................................4
More than two authors.................................................................................................5
Editors......................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter in a book........................................................................................................ 5
Different volumes of a publication................................................................................6
A book as part of a series............................................................................................6
Dissertations................................................................................................................7
Theses......................................................................................................................... 7
Translations.................................................................................................................7

3.
3.1

Reference works........................................................................................................8
Dictionary..................................................................................................................... 8

4.
4.1
4.2

Study material............................................................................................................8
Study guides................................................................................................................8
Readers....................................................................................................................... 9

5.
5.1
5.2
5.3

Articles....................................................................................................................... 9
Academic..................................................................................................................... 9
Newspaper.................................................................................................................. 9
Popular magazines....................................................................................................10

6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6

References to online sources.................................................................................10

E-books..................................................................................................................... 10
Online reference works..............................................................................................11
Online articles............................................................................................................11
Electronic dictionaries................................................................................................12
E-study material.........................................................................................................13
General webpages.....................................................................................................13

7.

Example list of references......................................................................................14

8.

Acknowledgements.................................................................................................16

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1.

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Abridged referencing for students

Lida Krger
Mia Stander

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Question
1. In this document, which system of
referencing is used?
2. Why is this document available in
English only?

3. Why does this document consist of

examples without any explanation?
4. Footnotes are sometimes used in the
document. What are they used for?

5. In which language should I list a

reference if I work from sources in
different languages (i.e. English and
Afrikaans sources)?
6. Sometimes the source lists more than
one place of publication. Which one
should I use in my list of references?

7. What does the abbreviation s.v. in

dictionary references mean?

Answer
1. We use the adapted Harvard system
of
referencing, also known as the
author-date system.
2. The Department of Afrikaans and
Theory
of Literature is a federal department in
which much of the study material is
prepared in English. However, in
cases in which an Afrikaans example
differs from the English counterpart,
we have provided an Afrikaans
example in Afrikaans.
3. You have to derive the rule from the
example.
4. We have anticipated that some
students may have trouble deriving
some of the rules from examples. In
such cases, a footnote provides a
brief explanation of the rule in
question. Explanations appear next to
first examples and only once in the
document.
5. You should reference a source in the
language of the source. In other
words, if you write an assignment in
English, but consulted an Afrikaans
source, you should list the source in
Afrikaans in your list of references.
6. There are two rules of thumb you
could use here. Either list the first
place of publication, or the more
familiar place of publication. You only
list one place of publication in your list
of references.
7. It is short for the Latin, sub verbo
and indicates the headword (lemma)
that you are using.

11 Abridged referencing for students

8. Why is the title of a source sometimes
listed in italics and sometimes in plain
text?

2.

BOOKS

2.1

One author

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8. The title of a published source is

always
listed in italics. If a source (for
example a dissertation) does not have
an ISBN (International Standard Book
Number), it is regarded as
unpublished and the title is not
italicised. Note: The ISBN is never
mentioned in the reference list. When
a part of a published whole is listed
(for example a chapter in a collection,
the title of an article in a journal, or a
poem, or a short story from an
anthology) the title is also listed in
plain text.

In the list of references:

Castle, G. 2007. The Blackwell guide to literary theory. Malden: Blackwell.
In the text:
According to Castle (2007:3), [l]iterary theory can help us understand both the
particular contexts and the ideological points of view that help shape literary texts.
Or:
Literary theory can help us understand how literary texts are shaped by a specific
context and ideological perspective (Castle, 2007:3).

2.2

Two authors

In the list of references:

Gilbert, H. & Thompkins, J. 1996. Post-colonial drama: theory, practice, politics.
London: Routledge.
In the text:
Gilbert and Thompkins (1996:296) predict that South Africas first democratic
elections will have an effect on the countrys theatre in general.

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Or:
South Africas first democratic elections will have an effect on the countrys theatre in
general (Gilbert & Thompkins, 1996:296).1

2.3

More than two authors

In the list of references:

Booth, W.C.; Colomb, G.G. & Williams, J.M. 2003. The craft of research. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.2
In the text:
Booth et al. (2003:225) explain that contextualising information establishes a shared
understanding between the author and his or her intended audience.
Or:
Contextualising information establishes a shared understanding between the author
and his or her intended audience (Booth et al., 2003:225).

2.4

Editors

In the list of references:

Viljoen, H. & Van der Merwe, C.N. (eds.). 2007. Beyond the threshold: explorations
of liminality in literature. New York: Peter Lang.
Or (in Afrikaans):
Wybenga, G. & Snyman, M. (reds.). 2005. Van Patrys-hulle tot Hanna Hoekom:
gids tot die Afrikaanse kinder- en jeugboek. Pretoria: Lapa.
In the text:
Issues of space and identity in literature have received considerable academic
attention in the past decade (Viljoen & Van der Merwe, 2007).

2.5

Chapter in a book

In the list of references:

1 In in-text references (part of the running text), such as this example, we use the ampersand (&) if
the references are placed between brackets. If you do not place the references between brackets and
two authors are involved, such as in the preceding example, we use the word and.

2 In sources with more than two authors, you should mention all the authors in the list of references.
However, in the text mention only the first author, followed by et al. (meaning, and others). Should two
authors be involved, mention both in the running text.

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Wenzel, M. 2007. Liminal spaces and imaginary places in The bone people by Keri
Hulme and The folly by Ivan Vladislavic. In: Viljoen, H. & Van der Merwe, C.N. (eds.).
Beyond the threshold: explorations of liminality in literature. New York: Peter Lang,
43-60.
Or (in Afrikaans):
Willemse, H. 2001. Die kaart van ervaring van Japie Bikeur. In: Van Heerden, E.
(red.). Briewe deur die lug: LitNet/Taalsekretariaat-skrywersberaad 2000. Kaapstad:
Tafelberg, 54-64.
In the text:
According to Wenzel (2007:56), although the imagination serves as a tool or
channel for the creation of new ideas, the individual is still earthed in society and
has to accept responsibility for the reconciliation or facilitation of differences.

2.6

Different volumes of a publication

In the list of references:

Shakespeare, William. 1975. The plays of William Shakespeare. Volume ll. New
York: Peebles.
Or (in Afrikaans):
Roos, H. 2006. Die Afrikaanse prosa: 1997 tot 2002. In: Van Coller, H.P. (red.).
Perspektief en profiel: n Afrikaanse literatuurgeskiedenis. Deel III. Pretoria: Van
Schaik, 43-104.
In the text:
These immortal words are taken from his play, titled Othello: For I shall wear my
heart upon my sleeve, / for doves to peck at / I am not what I am (Shakespeare,
1975:13).

2.7

A book as part of a series

In the list of references:

Culler, J. 2007. The literary in theory. Stanford: Stanford University Press. (Cultural
memory in the present, 2nd series.)
Or:
Cloete, T.T. 1982. Hoe om n gedig te ontleed. Pretoria: Academica. (Reuse-blokboek
16.)
In the text:
According to Culler (2007:1), [t]heory is dead.

2.8

Dissertations

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In the list of references:

Kruger, L. 1991. Gender, community and identity: women and Afrikaner Nationalism
in the volksmoeder discourse of Die Boerevrou (1919-1931). Unpublished M.A.
dissertations, University of Cape Town.3
Or (in Afrikaans):
Van der Merwe, E.B. 1990. Die taalgebruik in die Dagboek van Louis Trichardt.
Ongepubliseerde M.A.-verhandeling, Universiteit van die Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg.
In the text:
The image of the Afrikaans woman as the Boervrou and later on Volksmoeder
influenced the development of Afrikaner Nationalism (Kruger, 1991:7).

2.9

Theses

In the list of references:

Du Plessis, I. 2004. Narrating the nation: cultural production, political community
and young Afrikaans readers. Unpublished D.Litt. thesis, University of Pretoria.
Or (in Afrikaans):
Venter, R. 2006. Die materile produksie van Afrikaanse fiksie (1990-2005) - 'n
empiriese ondersoek na die produksieprofiel en uitgeweryprofiel binne die
uitgeesisteem. Ongepubliseerde D.Phil.-proefskrif, Universiteit van Pretoria.
In the text:
In other words, literature can be used to promote certain political and cultural
ideologies to children from a very young age (Du Plessis, 2004).

2.10

Translations

In the list of references:

Bakhtin, M.M. 1981. The dialogic imagination: four essays. Translated by C.
Emerson. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Or (in Afrikaans):
Tsjechof, A. 1980. Die buffel en ander eenakters. Vertaal deur A. Lee. Kaapstad:
Tafelberg.
In the text:

3 Do not mention the place of publication of a thesis or dissertation if the place name appears in the
name of the academic institution. Also, see the next reference to Van der Merwes dissertation in
Afrikaans, for an example of an entry in which the place name does not form part of the university
name.

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Bakhtin (1981:86-146) describes three types of chronotopes found in ancient Greek

literature.

3.
3.1

REFERENCE WORKS
Dictionary

In the list of references:

Concise Oxford English Dictionary. 2004. s.v. ambivalent. 11th edition. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
In the text:
According to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary (2004:41), the word ambivalent
originated early in the twentieth century.
Or, if the dictionary is known by an accepted acronym, this acronym can also be used:
In the list of references (Afrikaans):
HAT (Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse taal). 2000. s.v. epistel. 4de uitgawe.
Midrand: Perskor.
In the text (Afrikaans):
Volgens die HAT (2000:209) is die gebruik van die woord epistel meestal skertsend
of hoogdrawend.

4.
4.1

STUDY MATERIAL
Study guides

In the list of references:

Keuris, M. 2003. Advanced theory of drama: only study guide for THL822-3. Pretoria:
University of South Africa
Or (in Afrikaans):
Pieterse, H.J. (red.). 2006. Taalvariasie en taalpolitiek: enigste studiegids vir AFK3043. Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.
In the text:
In line with the definition of semiotics by Elam, performance can be seen as a
theatrical communication process (Keuris, 2003:2).

4.2

Readers

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In the list of references:

Broodryk, F. (comp.). 2002. Afrikaans beyond boundaries: reader for AFK823-N.
Pretoria: University of South Africa.
Or (in Afrikaans):
Roos, H.M.; Coetser, J.L.; Lemmer, E. & Beer, L. (samests.). 2004. Afrikaans aktueel:
leesbundel vir AFK101-Q. Band 1. Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.
In the text:
The role and impact of language, especially Afrikaans, must be taken into account
when analysing literature (and especially novels) set in post apartheid South Africa
(Broodryk, 2002:3-39).
Or (in Afrikaans):
Die lesers van kinder- en jeugliteratuur het dus ander leesvoorkeure en
leesbehoeftes as lesers van literatuur vir volwassenes (vgl. Roos et al., 2004:494545).

5.
5.1

ARTICLES
Academic

In the list of references:

Even-Zohar, I. 1990. Polysystem theory. Poetics Today, 11(1):9-26.4
In the text:
In studying the polysystem, Even-Zohar (1990:9-10) proposes a study of systems
and how they interact with each other.

5.2

Newspaper

In the list of references:

Chittende, M. 2008. A new breed of British philanthropist invests in Africa. Sunday
Times, 27 April:6.
In the text:
In terms of welfare in Africa, it is useful to refer to Chittendes (2008:6) article in the
Sunday Times about the emerging role of British philanthropists in Africa.
In the list of references:

4 11 = journal volume, (1) = number in volume, :9-26 = page numbers of article in this number. Note
the absence of spaces in this and similar cases.

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10

Mail & Guardian. 2012. E-toll vehicle impounding not true, says Sanral, 6 April:3.5
Alternatively, in the text:
The South African National Roads Agency (Sanral) has refuted media reports about
the impounding of vehicles where a road user has outstanding e-toll fees (Mail &
Guardian, 6 April 2012).

5.3

Popular magazines

In the list of references:

Rice, M. 2010. The formula for success. Psychologies, September:7-10.
In the text:
In more popular reading material the content of motivational articles can be rather
superficial, but there are those who try to put more effort into conveying meaningful
information to the reader (Rice, 2010:7-10).

6.
6.1

REFERENCES TO ONLINE SOURCES

E-Books

In the list of references:

Arrington, L. 2011. W.B. Yeats, the Abbey Theatre, censorship, and the Irish state:
adding the half-pence to the pence. http://0www.oxfordscholarship.com.oasis.unisa.ac.za/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590
575.001.0001/acprof-9780199590575-chapter-1 (Accessed: 20 January 2012).
Or (in Afrikaans):
Fourie, J. (samest.). 2007. Uniwrsityt: wat jy moet weet.
http://books.google.co.za/books?
id=L6ZRRxbqu4QC&pg=PT81&dq=afrikaanse+boeke+aanlyn&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gbU
4T5r2ONG1hAffl_XNCQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=afrikaanse%20boeke
%20aanlyn&f=false (Toegang: 13 Februarie 2012).
In the text:
The Irish Literary Theatre aimed to educate people and thus raise their aesthetic
standard (Arrington, 2011).
Or:
Arrington (2011) states that the Irish Literary Theatre also had its roots in the reform
movements in England and on the Continent.

6.2

Online reference works

5 When the author of an article is omitted in a newspaper, use the name of the newspaper as author.

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11

In the list of references:

The Oxford Companion to Theatre and Performance. 2011. s.v. Marber, Patrick.
http://0-www.oxfordreference.com.oasis.unisa.ac.za/views/ENTRY.html?
subview=main&entry=t315.e2492 (Accessed: 11 October 2011).
In the text:
According to the Oxford Companion to Theatre and Performance (2011), Dealers
Choice investigates masculinity in crisis through the phenomenon of the all-male
poker game.
Or:
Dealers Choice uses the rituals of the all-male poker game to investigate the bluffs
and gambles of masculinity in crisis (The Oxford Companion to Theatre and
Performance, 2011).

6.3

Online articles

Academic article accessed online:

In the list of references accessed online:
Genette, G. & Morgan, T.E. 1989. Modern mimology: the dream of a poetic language.
Modern Language Association, 104(2):202-214. http://www.jstor.org/stable/462505
(Accessed: 18 March 2011).
In the text:
Genette and Morgan (1989:204) do not see thing and sign as mutually exclusive.
Or:
Thing and sign can no longer be seen as mutually exclusive (Genette & Morgan,
1989:204).
Newspaper article accessed online:
In the list of references:
Ncana, N. 2010. Speech marks Madibas release. Times Live, 18 January.
http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2010/01/18/speech-marks-madiba-s-release
(Accessed: 14 September 2010).
In the text:
According to Ncana (2010), President Jacob Zumas State of the Nation Speech on
the 11th of February 2010, marked the 20th anniversary of former President Nelson
Mandelas release from prison.
Or:

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12

President Zuma chose the date of his State of the Nation Speech of 2010 to
celebrate the 20th anniversary of former President Nelson Mandelas release from
prison in 1990 (Ncana, 2010).
Popular magazines accessed online:
In the list of references:
Oldfield, A. 2011. Hyundai Elantra review. topCar, October.
http://www.topcar.co.za/first-drives/articles/hyundai-elantra-review (Accessed: 12
October 2011).
In the text:
Oldfield (2011) remarks that Korean manufacturers are closing the gap on leading car
makers in the race for volumes.
Or:
Since 2009, the Korean leap forward has been meteoric, and world uptake of the
latest crop has been such that a new manufacturing plant is being built (Oldfield,
2011).

6.4

Electronic dictionaries

Dictionary:
In the list of references:
OED (Oxford English Dictionary). 2011. s.v. ambivalence.
http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/6176?redirectedFrom=ambivalence#eid (Accessed:
12 October 2011).
In the text:
A state of ambivalence is characterised by contrary emotions or attitudes (OED,
2011).
Or:
According to the OED (2011), the coexistence of contradictory emotions or attitudes
in one person is called ambivalence.

6.5

E-study material

Study guides:
In the list of references:
Beer, L.; Lemmer, E.; Coetser, J.L. & Roos, H. (samests.). 2004. Afrikaans aktueel:
enigste studiegids vir AFK101-Q.
http://www3.unisa.ac.za/sol/material/AFK101Q/sg/001_2011_4_b.pdf (Toegang: 12
Oktober 2011).
In the text:

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13

According to Beer et al. (2004:10), various traditional boundaries have become fluid
in contemporary times.
Or:
Various traditional boundaries have become fluid in contemporary times (Beer et al.,
2004:10).

6.6

General webpages

In the list of references:

Purdue OWL (Purdue Online Writing Lab). 2010. Spelling: common words that sound
alike. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/660/01/ (Accessed: 12 October
2011).
Or:
bretney. 2006. Reading inspires children. http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ZaATkGIFlxM (Accessed: 12 October 2011).
In the text:
The article on spelling (Purdue OWL, 2010) gives practical examples of the types of
spelling errors one can easily make and must thus be aware of when writing.
Or:
The video clip on YouTube (bretney, 2006) is just one of the many examples showing
that reading can have a great impact on a child.

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14

EXAMPLE LIST OF REFERENCES

References/Verwysings6
Arrington, L. 2011. W.B. Yeats, the Abbey Theatre, censorship, and the Irish state: adding
the half-pence to the pence. http://0www.oxfordscholarship.com.oasis.unisa.ac.za/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590
575.001.0001/acprof-9780199590575-chapter-1 (Accessed: 20 January 2012).
Bakhtin, M.M. 1981. The dialogic imagination: four essays. Translated by C. Emerson.
Austin: University of Texas Press.
Beer, L.; Lemmer, E.; Coetser, J.L. & Roos, H. (samests.). 2004. Afrikaans aktueel: enigste
studiegids vir AFK101-Q.
http://www3.unisa.ac.za/sol/material/AFK101Q/sg/001_2011_4_b.pdf (Toegang: 12
Oktober 2011).
Booth, W.C.; Colomb, G.G. & Williams, J.M. 2003. The craft of research. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
Broodryk, F. (comp.). 2002. Afrikaans beyond boundaries: reader for AFK823-N. Pretoria:
University of South Africa.
Castle, G. 2007. The Blackwell guide to literary theory. Malden: Blackwell.
Chittende, M. 2008. A new breed of British philanthropist invests in Africa. Sunday Times,
27 April:6.
Cloete, T.T. 1982a. Hoe om n gedig te ontleed. Pretoria: Academica. (Reuse-blokboek 16.)
Cloete, T.T. 1982b. Letterkundige woordeboek. Seepunt: Die Dag Orals.7
Concise Oxford English Dictionary. 2004. s.v. ambivalent. 11th edition. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Culler, J. 2007. The literary in theory. Stanford: Stanford University Press. (Cultural memory
in the present, series 2.)
Du Plessis, I. 2004. Narrating the nation: cultural production, political community and young
Afrikaans readers. Unpublished D.Litt. thesis, University of Pretoria.
Even-Zohar, I. 1990. Polysystem theory. Poetics Today, 11(1):9-26.
Fourie, J. (samest.). 2007. Uniwrsityt: wat jy moet weet. http://books.google.co.za/books?
id=L6ZRRxbqu4QC&pg=PT81&dq=afrikaanse+boeke+aanlyn&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gbU
4T5r2ONG1hAffl_XNCQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=afrikaanse%20boeke
%20aanlyn&f=false (Toegang: 13 Februarie 2012).

6 In a document in English, use the heading References; in an Afrikaans document, use

Verwysings.

7 A imaginary entry. Note the difference in the year of publication.

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15

Genette, G. & Morgan, T.E. 1989. Modern mimology: the dream of a poetic language.
Modern Language Association, 104(2):202-214. http://www.jstor.org/stable/462505
(Accessed: 18 March 2011).
Gilbert, H. & Thompkins, J. 1996. Post-colonial drama: theory, practice, politics. London:
Routledge.
HAT (Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse taal). 2000. s.v. epistel. 4de uitgawe. Midrand:
Perskor Uitgewers.
Keuris, M. 2003. Advanced theory of drama: only study guide for THL822-3. Pretoria:
University of South Africa
Kruger, L. 1991. Gender, community and identity: women and Afrikaner Nationalism in the
volksmoeder discourse of Die Boerevrou (1919-1931). Unpublished M.A.
dissertations, University of Cape Town.
Mail & Guardian. 2012. E-toll vehicle impounding not true, says Sanral, 6 April:3.
Ncana, N. 2010. Speech marks Madibas release. Times Live, 18 January.
http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2010/01/18/speech-marks-madiba-s-release
(Accessed: 14 September 2010).
OED (Oxford English Dictionary). 2011. s.v. ambivalence.
http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/6176?redirectedFrom=ambivalence#eid (Accessed:
12 October 2011).
Oldfield, A. 2011. Hyundai Elantra review. topCar, October. http://www.topcar.co.za/firstdrives/articles/hyundai-elantra-review (Accessed: 12 October 2011).
Pieterse, H.J. (red.). 2006. Taalvariasie en taalpolitiek: enigste studiegids vir AFK304-3.
Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.
Purdue OWL (Purdue Online Writing Lab). 2010. Spelling: common words that sound alike.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/660/01/ (Accessed: 12 October 2011).
Rice, M. 2010. The formula for success. Psychologies, September:7-10.
Roos, H. 2006. Die Afrikaanse prosa: 1997 tot 2002. In: Van Coller, H.P. (red.). Perspektief
en profiel: n Afrikaanse literatuurgeskiedenis. Deel III. Pretoria: Van Schaik, 43-104.
Roos, H.M.; Coetser, J.L.; Lemmer, E. & Beer, L. (samests.). 2004. Afrikaans aktueel:
leesbundel vir AFK101-Q. Band 1. Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.
Shakespeare, William. 1975. The plays of William Shakespeare. Volume ll. New York:
Peebles.
The Oxford Companion to Theatre and Performance. 2011. s.v. Marber, Patrick. http://0www.oxfordreference.com.oasis.unisa.ac.za/views/ENTRY.html?
subview=main&entry=t315.e2492 (Accessed: 11 October 2011).
Tsjechof, A. 1980. Die buffel en ander eenakters. Vertaal deur A. Lee. Kaapstad: Tafelberg.

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16

Van der Merwe, E.B. 1990. Die taalgebruik in die Dagboek van Louis Trichardt.
Ongepubliseerde M.A.-verhandeling, Universiteit van die Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg.
Venter, R. 2006. Die materile produksie van Afrikaanse fiksie (1990-2005) - n empiriese
ondersoek na die produksieprofiel en uitgeweryprofiel binne die uitgeesisteem.
Ongepubliseerde D.Phil.-proefskrif, Universiteit van Pretoria.
Viljoen, H. & Van der Merwe, C.N. (eds.). 2007. Beyond the threshold: explorations of
liminality in literature. New York: Peter Lang.
Wenzel, M. 2007. Liminal spaces and imaginary places in The bone people by Keri Hulme
and The folly by Ivan Vladislavic. In: Viljoen, H. & Van der Merwe, C.N. (eds.).
Beyond the threshold: explorations of liminality in literature. New York: Peter Lang,
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8.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We gratefully acknowledge the comments and recommendations made by colleagues and

critical readers on the first draft of this document: Terence Carney (Department of Afrikaans
and Theory of Literature), Dineke Ehlers (Department of Afrikaans and Theory of Literature)
and Lize Terblanche (Department of Linguistics). Errors and omissions remain our
responsibility.