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Section 1 Lesson 1: Introduction to PL/SQL

Section 1
1. In which three ways does PL/SQL extend the SQL programming language? (1) Points
(Choose all correct answers)
By adding procedural constructs. (*)
By adding compound constructs.
By adding iterative control. (*)
By adding conditional control. (*)
2. Which of the following statements is true? (1) Points
You can embed PL/SQL statements within SQL code.
You can embed SQL statements within PL/SQL code. (*)
You can embed procedural constructs within SQL code.
None.
3. Which of the following statements is true? (1) Points
PL/SQL is an Oracle proprietary, procedural, 3GL programming language. (*)
PL/SQL is an Oracle proprietary, procedural, 4GL programming language.
PL/SQL is an Oracle proprietary, nonprocedural, 3GL programming language.
PL/SQL is an ANSI-compliant, procedural programming language.
4. PL/SQL stands for: (1) Points
Processing Language for SQL.
Procedural Language extension for SQL. (*)
Primary Language for SQL.
Proprietary Language for SQL.
5. Nonprocedural languages allow the programmer to produce a result when a series of steps
are followed. True or False? (1) Points
True
False (*)
6. Which of the following statements about SQL is true? (1) Points
SQL is an Oracle proprietary, nonprocedural, 4GL programming language.
SQL is an Oracle proprietary, procedural, 3GL programming language.
SQL is an ANSI-compliant, nonprocedural, 4GL programming language. (*)
SQL is an ANSI-compliant, procedural, 4GL programming language

Section 1 Lesson 2: Benefits of PL/SQL

Section 1
1. When multiple SQL statements are combined into PL/SQL blocks, performance
improves. True or False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
2. Procedural constructs give you better control of your SQL statements and their
execution. True or False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
3. PL/SQL differs from C and Java in which of the following ways? (Choose two.) (1)
Points (Choose all correct answers)
It requires an Oracle database or tool. (*)
It does not support object-oriented programming.
It is the most efficient language to use with an Oracle database. (*)
It is the most complex programming language to learn.
It is not portable to other operating systems.
4. Which of the following can be compiled as a standalone program outside the database?
(1) Points
A program developed in PL/SQL
A program developed in Java
A program developed in C
All the above
Programs developed in Java or C, but not in PL/SQL. (*)
5. Which of the following can be done using PL/SQL? (1) Points
Create complex applications.
Retrieve and modify data in Oracle database tables.
Manage database tasks such as security.
Create custom reports.
All of the above (*)
6. You can create a Web site application written entirely in PL/SQL. True or False? (1)
Points
True (*)
False

Section 1 Lesson 3: Creating PL/SQL Blocks

Section 1
1. What are the characteristics of an anonymous block? (Choose two.) (1) Points (Choose
all correct answers)
Unnamed (*)
Stored in the database
Compiled each time the application is executed (*)
Can be declared as procedures or as functions
2. Which sections of a PL/SQL block are optional? (1) Points
Declaration and Executable
Declaration and Exception (*)
Exception only
Executable only
3. Which statements are mandatory in a PL/SQL block? (Choose two.) (1) Points (Choose
all correct answers)
DECLARE
BEGIN (*)
EXCEPTION
END; (*)
4. Which lines of code will correctly display the message "Hello World" ? (Choose two.)
(1) Points
(Choose all correct answers)
DBMS_OUTPUT('Hello World');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello World'); (*)
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello' || 'World');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello' || ' ' || 'World'); (*)
5. How can you display results to check that a PL/SQL block is working correctly? (1)
Points
You don't need to do anything, the results will display automatically.
Use an Exception section
Use DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (*)
Write a C or Java program to display the results
6. What are the characteristics of a PL/SQL stored subprogram? (Choose two.) (1) Points
(Choose all correct answers)
Named (*)
Not stored in the database
Can be invoked at any time (*)
Do not exist after they are executed
7. This PL/SQL anonymous block will execute successfully. True or False?
DECLARE

v_date DATE := SYSDATE;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_date);
END;
(1) Points
True
False (*)
8. Which of the following is NOT a PL/SQL programming environment? (1) Points
Oracle jDeveloper
SQL*Plus
gSQL*Plus (*)
SQL Workshop in Application Express
9. What is wrong with this PL/SQL anonymous block?
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' and Goodbye');
(1) Points
The Declaration section is missing
The Exception section is missing
There is nothing wrong with the block, it will work fine.
The END; statement is missing (*)
10. In a PL/SQL block, which of the following should not be followed by a semicolon? (1)
Points
DECLARE (*)
END
All SQL statements
All PL/SQL statements
11. Which of the following is a PL/SQL programming environment? (1) Points
Oracle Cdeveloper
Java*Plus
PL/SQL Express
SQL*Workshop in Application Express (*)

Section 2 Lesson 2: Recognizing PL/SQL Lexical Units

Recognizing PL/SQL Lexical Units
Section 1
1. What is a lexical unit? (1) Points
A data type for a column
A building block of a PL/SQL block (*)
A type of variable
2. What characters must enclose non-numeric literal values? (1) Points
Double quotes: " "
Parentheses: ()
Single quotes: ' ' (*)
3. The name of a variable is an example of an identifier. True or False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
4. Which of the following symbols can be used to enclose a comment in PL/SQL? (1)
Points
??
*/ / *
:: ::
/* */ (*)
5. Which of the following are lexical units? (Choose two.) (1) Points (Choose all correct
answers)
Data types
PL/SQL blocks
Identifiers (*)
Literals (*)
6. Which of the following is a valid naming convention for an identifier? (Choose two.) (1)
Points (Choose all correct answers)
Can include letters or numbers (*)
Cannot contain a reserved word (*)
Can be over 30 characters
Can start with a number or special character

Section 2 Lesson 3: Recognizing Data Types

Recognizing Data Types
Section 1
1. Which of the folowing are scalar data types? (Choose three.) (1) Points (Choose all
correct answers)
Array
Character (*)
Table
Date (*)
Boolean (*)
2. Which of the following is a composite data type? (1) Points
CLOB
VARCHAR2
RECORD (*)
DATE
3. What are the data types of the variables in the following declaration?
DECLARE
fname VARCHAR2(20);
fname VARCHAR2(15) DEFAULT 'fernandez';
BEGIN
...
(1) Points
Scalar (*)
Composite
LOB
4. A datatype may specify a valid range of values. True or False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
5. A Scalar data type holds a ____ value. (1) Points
Multi
Large
Single (*)
6. A datatype specifies and restricts the possible data values that can be assigned to a
variable. True or False? (1) Points
True (*)

False

7. Which of the following are PL/SQL data types? (Choose three.) (1) Points (Choose all
correct answers)
Large Objects (LOB) (*)
Lexical
Scalar (*)
Delimiter
Composite (*)

Section 2 Lesson 4: Using Scalar Data Types

Using Scalar Data Types
Section 1
1. If you use the %TYPE attribute, you can avoid hard-coding the column name. True or
False? (1) Points
True
False (*)
2. Code is easier to read if you declare one identifier per line. True or False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
3. Which of the following is NOT a good guideline for declaring variables? (1) Points
Declare one identifier per line
Use column names as identifiers (*)
Use NOT NULL when the variable must have a value
4. Which of the following variable declarations does NOT use a number data type? (1)
Points
v_count PLS_INTEGER := 0;
v_median_age NUMBER(6,2);
v_students LONG; (*)
v_count BINARY_INTEGER;
5. When declared using %TYPE, a variable will inherit ____ from the column on which it
is based. (1) Points
The name of the column
The value of the column
The data type and size of the column (*)
6. Which of the following is NOT a character data type? (1) Points
VARCHAR2
BOOLEAN (*)
CHAR
LONG

Section 2 Lesson 5: Writing PL/SQL Executable Statements

Writing PL/SQL Executable Statements
Section 1
1. Examine the following code: DECLARE x VARCHAR2(20); BEGIN x:= 5 + 4 * 5 ;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x); END; What value of x will be displayed? (1) Points
45
29
25 (*)
14
2. Which explicit function is used to convert a character into a number? (1) Points
TO_DATE
TO_NUMBER (*)
TO_CHAR
3. Using implicit conversions is good programming practice. (1) Points
True
False (*)
4. Examine the following block. What should be coded at Line A?
DECLARE
v_char VARCHAR2(8) := '24/09/07';
v_date DATE;
BEGIN
v_date := ....... Line A
END;
(1) Points
v_date := FROM_CHAR(v_char,'dd/mm/yy');
v_date := TO_DATE(v_char,'dd/mm/yy'); (*)
v_date := v_char;
5. When PL/SQL converts data automatically from one data type to another, it is called
_______ conversion. (1) Points
Explicit
Implicit (*)
TO_CHAR
6. The DECODE and MAX functions can be used in PL/SQL statements. True or False?
(1) Points
True

False (*)
7. Which of the following are valid PL/SQL operators? (Choose three.) (1) Points (Choose
all correct answers)
Concatenation (*)
Exception
Exponential (*)
Arithmetic (*)
8. Which of the following statements about implicit conversions is NOT true? (1) Points
Code containing implicit conversions typically runs faster than code containing explicit
conversions. (*)
Code containing implicit conversions may not work in the future if Oracle changes the
conversion rules.
Code containing implicit conversions is harder to read and understand.
9. Which of the following is correct? (1) Points
v_family_name = SMITH;
V_FAMILY_NAME = SMITH;
v_family_name := SMITH;
v_family_name := 'SMITH'; (*)
10. The TO_CHAR function is used for explicit data type conversions. True or False? (1)
Points
True (*)
False
11. Explicit conversions can be slower than implicit conversions. True or False? (1) Points
True
False (*)
12. PL/SQL statements must be written on a single line. (1) Points
True
False (*)
13. What will happen when the following code is executed?
DECLARE v_new_date DATE;
BEGIN
v_new_date := 'Today';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_new_date);
END;
(1) Points
The block will execute and display today's date.
The block will execute and display the word "Today".

The block will fail because the character value "Today" cannot be implicitly converted to a
date. (*)
14. The LENGTH and ROUND functions can be used in PL/SQL statements. True or
False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
15. PL/SQL can implicitly convert a CHAR to a NUMBER, provided the CHAR contains a
numeric value, for example '123'. True or False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
16. Which of the following data type conversions can be done implicitly? (Choose two.)
(1) Points
(Choose all correct answers)
DATE to NUMBER
NUMBER to VARCHAR2 (*)
NUMBER to PLS_INTEGER (*)

Section 4 Lesson 2: Conditional Control: Case Statements

Conditional Control: Case Statements
Section 1
1. How must you end a CASE expression? (1) Points
END; (*)
ENDIF;
END CASE;
ENDCASE;
2. Examine the following code:
DECLARE
v_a BOOLEAN;
v_b BOOLEAN := FALSE;
v_c BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
v_c := (v_a AND v_b);
-- Line A
....
END;
What is the value of V_C at Line A?
(1) Points
True
False (*)
NULL
Undefined
3. What will be displayed when the following block is executed?
DECLARE
v_age1 NUMBER(3);
v_age2 NUMBER(3);
v_message VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
CASE
WHEN v_age1 = v_age2 THEN v_message := 'Equal';
WHEN v_age1 <> v_age2 THEN v_message := 'Unequal';
ELSE v_message := 'Undefined';
END CASE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_message);
END;
(1) Points
Equal
Undefined (*)

Unequal
Nothing will be displayed because V_MESSAGE is set to NULL.
4. Examine the following code:
DECLARE
v_score NUMBER(3);
v_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
v_grade := CASE v_score
-- Line A
....
The CASE expression must convert a numeric score to a letter grade: 90 -> A, 80 -> B, 70 ->
C and so on. What should be coded at Line A?
(1) Points
WHEN 90 THEN grade := 'A'
WHEN 90 THEN v_grade := 'A';
WHEN 90 THEN 'A' (*)
WHEN 90 THEN 'A';
5. What will be displayed when the following block is executed?
DECLARE
v_age NUMBER(3);
v_gender VARCHAR2(6) := 'Female';
v_status VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
CASE
WHEN v_age >= 18 AND v_gender = 'Male' THEN v_status := 'Adult Male';
WHEN v_age >= 18 AND v_gender = 'Female' THEN v_status := 'Adult Female';
WHEN v_age < 18 AND v_gender = 'Male' THEN v_status := 'Junior Male';
WHEN v_age < 18 AND v_gender = 'Female' THEN v_status := 'Junior Female';
ELSE v_status := 'Other Value';
END CASE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_status);
END;
(1) Points
Adult Male
Junior Female
Other Value (*)
Nothing will be displayed because V_STATUS is set to NULL.
6. How must you end a CASE statement? (1) Points
END;
END CASE; (*)
END IF;
ENDCASE;

7. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
v_score NUMBER(3);
v_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
CASE v_score
-- Line A
....
The CASE statement must convert a numeric score to a letter grade: 90 -> A, 80 -> B, 70 ->
C and so on.
What should be coded at Line A?
(1) Points
WHEN 90 THEN v_grade := 'A'
WHEN 90 THEN v_grade := 'A'; (*)
WHEN 90 THEN 'A'
WHEN 90 THEN 'A';
8. Look at the following code:
DECLARE
x BOOLEAN := FALSE;
y BOOLEAN := FALSE;
z BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
z := (x OR NOT y);
-- Line A
....
END;
What is the value of Z at Line A?
(1) Points
True (*)
False
NULL
An error will occur because you cannot combine two Boolean variables using "NOT"

Section 4 Lesson 3: Iterative Control: Basic Loops

Iterative Control: Basic Loops
1. What will be displayed when this block is executed?
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER := 10;
v_result NUMBER;
BEGIN
LOOP
v_count := v_count - 1;
EXIT WHEN v_count < 5;
v_result := v_count * 2;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_result);
END;
(1) Points
8
10 (*)
12
NULL
2. For which one of these tasks should you use a PL/SQL loop? (1) Points
Updating the salary of one employee.
Executing the same set of statements repeatedly until a condition becomes true. (*)
Deciding whether a value is within a range of numbers.
Making a decision based on whether a condition is true or not.
3. Look at this code:
DECLARE
v_bool BOOLEAN := TRUE;
v_date DATE;
BEGIN
LOOP
EXIT WHEN v_bool;
SELECT SYSDATE INTO v_date FROM dual;
END LOOP;
END;
How many times will the SELECT statement execute?
(1) Points
Once.
Twice.
Never (the SELECT will not execute at all) (*)
An infinite number of times because the EXIT condition will never be true

4. Which kind of loop is this?

i := 10;
LOOP
i := i + 1;
EXIT WHEN i > 30;
END LOOP;
(1) Points
A FOR loop.
A WHILE loop.
A basic loop. (*)
An infinite loop.
A nested loop.
5. Examine the following code::
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER := 0;
v_string VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
LOOP
v_string := v_string || 'x';
IF LENGTH(v_string) > 10 THEN
EXIT;
END IF;
v_count := v_count + 1;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_count);
END;
What will be displayed when this block is executed?
(1) Points
9
10 (*)
11
xxxxxxxxxxx
6. You want to calculate and display the multiplication table for "sevens": 7x1=7, 7x2=14,
7x3=21 and so on. Which kind of PL/SQL construct is best for this? (1) Points
A loop (*)
A CASE statement
IF ... END IF;
A Boolean variable.
7. What are the three kinds of loops in PL/SQL? (1) Points
ascending, descending, unordered
infinite, finite, recursive
IF, CASE, LOOP
FOR, WHILE, basic (*)

8. How many EXIT statements can be coded inside a basic loop? (1) Points
None.
One only.
Two.
As many as you need, there is no limit. (*)

Section 4 Lesson 4: Iterative Control: While and For Loops

Iterative Control: While and For Loops
1. Look at the following code fragment:
i := 2;
WHILE i < 3 LOOP
i := 4;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The counter is: ' || i);
END LOOP;
How many lines of output will be displayed?
(1) Points
No lines
One line (*)
Two lines
The block will fail because you cannot use DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE inside a loop.
2. Look at the following block:
DECLARE
v_date DATE := SYSDATE;
BEGIN
WHILE v_date < LAST_DAY(v_date) LOOP
v_date := v_date + 1;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_date);
END;
If today's date is 17th April 2007, what will be displayed when this block executes?
(1) Points
01-MAY-07
31-DEC-07
4/30/2007 (*)
4/17/2007
3. Which statement best describes when a FOR loop should be used? (1) Points
When an EXIT WHEN statement must be coded.
When an implicitly declared counter must increase by 1 in each iteration of the loop. (*)
When we want to exit from the loop when a Boolean variable becomes FALSE.
When the statements inside the loop must execute at least once.
4. You should use a WHILE loop when the number of iterations of the loop is known in
advance. True or False? (1) Points
True
False (*)

5. Look at this code fragment: FOR i IN 1 .. 3 LOOP i := 4;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The counter is: ' || i); END LOOP; How many lines of output
will be displayed? (1) Points
One
Three
Four
The block will fail because you cannot change the value of i inside the loop. (*)
6. In a FOR loop, an explicitly declared counter is automatically incremented by 1 for each
iteration of the loop. True or False? (1) Points
True
False (*)
7. In a WHILE loop, the controlling condition is checked at the start of each iteration. True
or False? (1) Points
True (*)
False
8. You want a loop that counts backwards from 10 through 1. How do you code that? (1)
Points
FOR i IN 10 .. 1 LOOP
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 BY -1 LOOP
FOR i IN REVERSE 1 .. 10 LOOP (*)
FOR i IN REVERSE 10 .. 1 LOOP

Section 4 Lesson 5: Iterative Control: Nested Loops

Iterative Control: Nested Loops
1. What statement allows you to exit the outer loop at Point A in the following block?
DECLARE
v_outer_done CHAR(3) := 'NO';
v_inner_done CHAR(3) := 'NO';
BEGIN
LOOP -- outer loop
...
LOOP -- inner loop
...
... -- Point A
EXIT WHEN v_inner_done = 'YES';
...
END LOOP;
...
EXIT WHEN v_outer_done = 'YES';
...
END LOOP;
END;
(1) Points
EXIT AT v_outer_done = 'YES';
EXIT WHEN v_outer_done = 'YES'; (*)
WHEN v_outer_done = YES EXIT;
EXIT <<outer loop>>;
2. Which one of these statements about using nested loops is true? (1) Points
All the loops must be labelled
The outer loop must be labelled, but the inner loop need not be labelled
The outer loop must be labelled if you want to exit the outer loop from within the inner
loop (*)
Both loops can have the same label
3. What will be displayed when the following block is executed?
DECLARE
x NUMBER(6) := 0 ;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..5 LOOP
x := x+1 ;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);
END;
(1) Points

5
10
15
50 (*)
4. When the following code is executed, how many lines of output will be displayed?
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..5 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..8 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i || ',' || j);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
END;
(1) Points
80
45 (*)
14
41
5. What type of loop statement would you write for Point A?
BEGIN
FOR v_outerloop IN 1..3 LOOP
-- Point A
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Outer loop is:'||v_outerloop||
' and inner loop is: '||v_innerloop);
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;
(1) Points
WHILE v_innerloop <=5 LOOP
FOR v_innerloop 1..5 LOOP (*)
LOOP
WHILE v_outerloop<v_innerloop LOOP
6. Look at the following code:
DECLARE
v_blue NUMBER(3) := 0;
v_red NUMBER(3) := 0;
BEGIN
<< blue >> LOOP
v_blue := v_blue + 1;
EXIT WHEN v_blue > 10;
<< red >> LOOP
v_red := v_red + 1;
EXIT WHEN v_red > 10;
-- Line A

END LOOP red;

END LOOP blue;
END;
What should you code at Line A to exit from the outer loop?
(1) Points
EXIT;
EXIT red;
EXIT <<blue>>;
EXIT blue; (*)