Deviation in Sociology

Deviance
Introduction
Deviance is the violation of norms.Breaking norms of society.Deviance is
breaking social manners,social code of conduct in business and mutual
agreements between parties.It is breaking of promise and breaking law of state
like committing crimes.Any violation of norm is deviance.It is natural that man
deviates from norms.
Definition:
Horton and Hunt defines deviance Any failure to conform to customary norms is
called Deviance.
Ian Robertson mentioned deviance as Behaviour that violates significant social
norms and is disapproved by a number of people as a result.
The behavior belonging to deviance is called Deviant behaviour. Violation of
religious norms is also deviance.Signals of road crossing broken by the
driver,disobeying parents,being absent from duty,telling a lie,abusing each other
and breaking promise are also deviant behaviour.
Deviance varies from person to person:
All the people are not deviant equally.Some are more deviant than
others.Some people get into high rate of deviation and become criminal.They are
punished by courts and sentenced to imprisonment.
Deviance and Culture:
Deviation of norms is the violation of cultural ways of living. The
customs,rituals and conventions of a culture are broken when there is deviation by
the people. e.g we are living in Pakistan but we are adopting the Indian culture
there comes deviation in culture.
Deviance and Society:
Deviation of norms happens in society.By this act the bonds of social groups
are broken.The society faces disorganization which leads to disintegration and
chaos.Deviation of norms creates a host of problems in a society. e.g we are living
in religious society but how many percent we are acting upon on our religious
rules there comes the deviation in society.

Deviation and Social change:
Deviation is breaking social norms. This creates social problems. The society
attempts to solve these problems by changing laws according to the requirements
of society. This process brings about social changes.e.g if a rich person commit a
crime he is not punished according to law but if a poor person commit a crime he
is punished according to the laws there comes a social change.So it the deviation
of rules in for rich and poor.
Deviation and Law:
The nature and extent of deviation of norms depends upon the nature and
extent of the laws. The type of law enforced gives us the type of crime on it
violation. On deviation of law the offenders are punished and mostly put in jails.
Law is an engine of social control. On its deviation the social control is disrupted.
The deviation of religious laws is called sin. The deviation of customs and rituals
is called vice and deviation of social laws is called crime. Theft,murder,abduction
and forgery are crime,sin and vice as well.
Causes of deviance:
It is the failure of learning of norms which creates deviance. The learning of
norms is the basis of obedience to norms. Following are the main causes of
deviance.
i.
Broken family and improper socialization:

Family is the first institution teaching norms of social life.Parents play
important role in this process.If both or one of the parents is absent death or other
reason, the child fails to get proper learning and needs satisfaction in the family.
He become disturbed emotionally and seeks protection outside the family. He
learns anti-social activities like smoking, gambling, pick pocketing, abusing, telling
lie and deceiving others in association of bad neighborhood. He gets into habit of
deviance.
ii. Lack of interest in education:
Schools and colleges are next socialization. If he does not take interest in
study, it means his attention has been diverted toward anti-social activities. His
associates are not good citizen.
iii. Lack of Religious education and morality:
Mosques, religious education of the Holy Quran create moral values in the
individual. Manners of social life based on good and bad, right and wrong develop
during social relations in these institutions. Failure to seek religious education
paves way toward delinquency. Door of moral values closes opens the door to
delinquency. Failure of religious and moral values is the main cause of immoral
behaviour and delinquency.
iv. Rejection by Neighborhood:
Neighborhood consist of number of houses. It is grat socializing institution by
frankly living with security and service together. All live an formal life. What was to
be learnt in this settlement if remains without learning creates a gap in
socialization and the personality. This gap leaves defects in the learning process
of the individual. Socialization of social norms remain incomplete. Such actions
are deviant with a violation of social norms.
v. Lack of basic facilities:
Humans strive for attaining peace and ease in life. This objective is achieved
through having basic facilities i.e electricity, gas, telephone, air condition, better
health opportunity etc. There are many who use wrong ways like crime, robbery,
dacoit and selling of drugs just to have modern facilities. This causes social
deviance.
vi. Declining moral and religious values:
Rapid modern industrialization has reduced importance of moral and religious
values in the eyes of people and economics at the cost of morality and values
have become normative. This situation caused social deviance specially in youth.
vii. Desire of Accumulation of Wealth:
Desire to have accumulation of wealth by hook or by crook is also one of the
main cause of social deviance. People without any fear join illegal profession like
land grabbling, smuggling, and taking bribe are deviant and criminal acts.
viii. Parentless child:

Parentless children are vulnerable by four corners. Their needs like education,
food, socializations are not properly met and hence they become deviant.
ix. Mass media:
Mass media is main force of socializing people. We get guidance from it in
almost every walks of life. Negative use of it is harmful for teenagers, especially
for those teens who misuse it are found in drug addiction, immoral and unethical
activities. Teenagers learns new techniques of crime from movies, dramas and
other related programme.
x. Urban slums:
Criminologists in their researches have proved that urban slums and narrow
gorges are also sanctuaries of social deviance and crime.
Ways to control deviance:
a) Formal control
b) Informal control
a. Formal control:
The state make use of law, legislation, military force, police force,
administrative devices, etc. For the purpose of social control. Similarly, different
political, religious, economic, cultural and other associations and institutions also
institute formal control over the behaviour of the members. Formal control is
deliberately created. Violaters of formal control are given punishments depending
upon the nature and type of violation. The organization that makes use of formal
control may even create a body of officials vested wifty power to enforce control
as we find it in the case of the state which has established the police, military
force etc. In brief,an association,whether it is a state or a bank ,or an army, or any
thing has its own norms through which it controls the behaviour of the members.
All these come under formal control.
b. Informal control:
Informal control includes gossip, slander, resentment, public opinion,
sympathy, sense of justice, folkways, mores, customs, religion, morality and such
other agents. Informal control is more effective in primary social groups such as
family, neighborhood, tribe, rural community where interaction takes place on a
personal basis. Whenever the group or the society becomes larger (in terms of
population) and more complex, the informal devices of control become less
effective. Simple gossip and slander and censure can correct an erring ruralite but
not an urban citizen. Hence informal methods have given place to the formal ones
such as law, education, coercion and codes, through less effective informal
control also functions along with formal control in urban areas in regulating
peoples activities.
Conclusion:
Deviance should be controlled from early stages. Everyone should play its
role like society media and social institutions to get rid of this problem. Law should
imposed strictly to make society and people prosperous. Religious education
should compulsory to improve society. Importance of religious norms, tolerance
and patience should be encouraged by the government.
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Deviance

rules there comes the deviation in society.

Broken family and improper socialization:

viii. Parentless child:

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