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The document discusses vehicle body design and types of bus bodies. It provides details on: 1) The importance of vehicle body design including providing comfort, safety, and aesthetics. Vehicle body types include saloon, convertibles, limousines, and more. 2) The types of bus bodies which include classic/normal control bus, single decker, split level, double decker, articulated bus, and their key features. 3) Forward visibility in vehicle design and the factors that influence blind spots like distance between driver and pillars, thickness of pillars, windshield angle, and more. Visibility is important for safety.

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353 views8 pages

Scheme and Solution

The document discusses vehicle body design and types of bus bodies. It provides details on: 1) The importance of vehicle body design including providing comfort, safety, and aesthetics. Vehicle body types include saloon, convertibles, limousines, and more. 2) The types of bus bodies which include classic/normal control bus, single decker, split level, double decker, articulated bus, and their key features. 3) Forward visibility in vehicle design and the factors that influence blind spots like distance between driver and pillars, thickness of pillars, windshield angle, and more. Visibility is important for safety.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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PES University Bangalore

Scheme and Solutions


Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Sub Code: UE15ME574

1. Explain the importance of Vehicle Body design?List down the types of


car bodies? Explain any one?
Vehicle design plays a stellar role in offering the best results to the
customers because they introduce various innovations to make the vehicle
accident proof.
Vehicle body structure and interior arrangements provides riding comfort
and convenience to driver and the passengers.
Aerodynamic characteristics determines stability in cross wind
Market value or customer satisfaction on in terms of appearance also be
considered
It gives protection to the passengers from weather
By introducing the crash protection, it is possible to reduce the death rate.
Reasonable safety of drivers, co passengers in case of accidents.
Types of Car body:
1. Saloon or Sedan
Four door saloon
Two door saloon
Pillar less saloon
Hatch back
Fast back
Notch back
2. Convertibles
3. Limousine
4. Estate car
5. Sports Coupe
6. Coupe

PES University Bangalore


Scheme and Solutions
Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Sub Code: UE15ME574

1.

Saloon
Saloon is a passenger car with two rows of seats and adequate passenger space in
the rear compartment for passengers. The vehicle usually has a separate rearboot
for luggage.

This is most popular passenger car


Passenger comfort such as easy Entery and Exit, Good
A/C,heating,ventelation system and styling are the fetures of the model.
Drag co-efficient is about 0.35-0.5
The features of Two door and Pillar less saloon are as same that of Four door
saloon.
In Pillar less saloon, there not be center pillar and In case of Two door
saloon,there is only two doors are available.
Hatch back- Identified by a rear door including the back window that opens
vertically to access a storage area not separated from the rest of the
passenger compartment. May be 3 or 5-door and 2 to 5 seats.
Fast back- Fast back sedan is a two-box sedan, with continuous slope from
the roof to the base of the Boot, but excludes the Hatback feature.
Notch back- Notchback sedan is a three-box sedan, where the passenger
volume is clearly distinct from the trunk volume of the vehicle (when seen
from the side).
The roof is on one plane, generally parallel to the ground, the rear window at
a sharp angle to the roof, and the trunk lid is also parallel to the ground.

PES University Bangalore


Scheme and Solutions
Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Sub Code: UE15ME574

2. List the types of Bus bodies and explain?


Types of Bus body
Classic or Normal control bus
Single deck bus
Split level
Double Decker
Two level single Decker
Articulated bus
Classic or Normal control bus
This type of bus has the engine in front of the passenger carrying
compartment. This design which has almost universal at one time has
practically disappear and is mainly of historical interest.
Single Ducker
The single deck bus is almost universal today as this layout eliminates all the
disadvantages of above type.
Split level
It is intermediate solution between single and double ducker. It having More
seats than single ducker and more stability than Double Ducker.
Double Decker
These vehicles have more number of seats for a given overall length but
Stability is not so high compared to single ducker.
Two level single Decker
It is used for luxury coaches. This layout provides good forward visibility
for all passengers. good luggage space and easy installation of an under floor
or rear engine.
Articulated bus
Bodies for very large coaches or in particular city buses are often made in
two parts because of axial load limitations
Classification of bus by Passenger capacity

PES University Bangalore


Scheme and Solutions
Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Sub Code: UE15ME574

Micro bus
Small coaches for long distance
Small buses for towns
Medium coaches for long distance
Medium buses for towns
Large coaches for long distances
Large buses for towns
Very large buses for towns

3. Explain Forward Visibility of a vehicle?


Foward visibility:
Front-end blind spots are influenced by the following design criteria
Distance between the driver and the pillar
Thickness of the pillar
The angle of the pillar in a vertical plane side view

The angle of the pillar in a vertical plane front view


the form of the pillar straight or arc-form
Angle of the windshield
Height of the driver in relation to the dashboard
40angle A-pillar bar blind spots blocked view in a horizontal-plane in front
of the driver.
The front-end blind spots caused by this can create problems in traffic
situations,such as in roundabouts, intersections, and road crossings.

PES University Bangalore


Scheme and Solutions
Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Sub Code: UE15ME574

Good all-round visibility is now one of the main requirements of body design.
This is clearly depends on the size of the window openings and their position
relative to the occupants.
Forward visibility can be improved by bringing the front seats of the passenger car
closer to the front windscreen. On the other hand the problem of entry is increased,
since the distance between the seat and the pillar is decreased. Ease enter is
possible by suitably shaping doors ( as shown by dotted line) at the expense of a
more complicated structure.
In military vehicles the downward visibility is important and the driver must be
positioned as high as possible in relation to the lower edge of the windscreen.
There are no strict regulations regarding visibility. It is assumed that the upward
angle of the vertical visibility should be such as to enable the driver to see the
trafic lights etc and this must be taken into consideration at the design stage.
Rearward visibility has assumed considerable importance in modern traffic
conditions and the increase in glass area required to maintain a given rear view
veartical angle with a Fast Back window is shown in fig.
Visibility can be divided into two aspects
1. Ability to see
2. Ability to be seen.
3.b. Difference between Double decker and Articulated Bus?
DOUBLE DECKER:
These vehicles have more number of seats for a given overall length.
Stability is not so high compared to single ducker.
It has an extra deck and staircase.
It has one or more doors and varying engine position
Double deck buses are used to reduce the traffic by having an seating
capacity of 65 75 passengers.
These are used in metropolitan cities.
It has rear engine to reduce noise and to have higher track co-efficient.
ARTICULATED BUS:

PES University Bangalore


Scheme and Solutions
Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Sub Code: UE15ME574

Bodies for very large coaches or in particular city buses are often made in
two parts because of axial load limitations.
Articulated buses are buses of a type with an increased passenger capacity.
Found almost exclusively in public transportation use.
These buses are approximately 18 m (60 ft) long, while regular buses are 11
to 14 m (35-45 ft) long.
This type of bus is also known as accordion bus, harmonica bus, jointed bus,
or bendy bus, all because of the shape of the bellow and the fact that the
design of the turntable joint allows for sharp turns.
To make them nimble enough to safely navigate streets at their increased
length, they are fitted with an extra axle (set of wheels).
A joint usually located slightly behind the midpoint of the bus, behind the
second axle.
4. Discuss bus body
location, entrance
dimensions?
FLOOR HEIGHT:

layout, Floor Height, Engine


and exit location and seat

The floor should be placed as low as possible so that distance of centre of


gravity of bus from road surface is small.
The stability of the bus gets increased.
It gives easy entry to the bus.
It is easy to place luggage in bus.
Due to the lower height, the Bus design is more complicated in separate
chassis and body construction.
Considering floor level, the chassis frame are made specially shaped.
If an integral body is used, low floor level becomes much easier to design.
Large number of passengers can be seated in the bus.
ENGINE LOCATION:

PES University Bangalore


Scheme and Solutions
Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Sub Code: UE15ME574

According to location of engine, there are five types as given in figure.


a) Engine behind front axle.
b) Engine above front axle.
c) Engine in front of front axle.
d) Engine at rear.
e) Under floor engine.
Advantages of different engine locations are
To improve visibility (i.e.) forward and side visibility.
Reducing extra placing space of engine.
It improves space for passenger in bus.
ENTRANCE AND EXIT LOCATION:
Generally in all types of buses, back side door is for entrance.
Front side door (nearer to driver) is exit.
In city bus, back and front door are as usual. But middle door is for easy exit
for more number of passengers at a time.
In city bus, the door width is more.
In sub urban bus, the entrance is at the middle and exit is at the front.
In long distance bus, the back door is for entrance and front door is for exit.
In long distance bus, the door size (i.e.) width of the door is less.
SEATING DIMENSIONS:
If the seat is comfortable, the journey may be a pleasure trip
But it will be a trouble some, tiring, agony, if the seat is uncomfortable.
The design of seat is designed to the structure of man.
Passenger seat is designed for comfort and also described according to
distance between the consecutive seats.
5. With a neat sketch list down the types of metal sections used in bus body
design?
Types of Metal Section:

PES University Bangalore


Scheme and Solutions
Sub: Body and Chassis Engineering

Channel Section:
Good ressitance to Bending
Tabular Section:
Good resistance to Torsion
Box Section:
Good resistance to both Torsion & Bending

Sub Code: UE15ME574

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