Miktex PDF

MiKTeX 2.
9 Manual
Revision 2.9.5671
Christian Schenk
MiKTeX 2.9 Manual: Revision 2.9.5671

Christian Schenk
Copyright 2015 Christian Schenk
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved
on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
Table of Contents
About this Document .......................................................................................................... vi
I. User Guide ..................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3
About this Manual .............................................................................................. 3
About MiKTeX .................................................................................................. 3
How to Get MiKTeX ........................................................................................... 4
Downloading MiKTeX ................................................................................. 4
MiKTeX on DVD-R .................................................................................... 4
Give Back .......................................................................................................... 4
The MiKTeX Project Page ................................................................................... 4
The MiKTeX Mailing List .................................................................................... 4
Documentation .................................................................................................... 4
2. Installing MiKTeX ................................................................................................... 5
Items in the Start Menu ....................................................................................... 5
Removing MiKTeX ............................................................................................. 6
3. Using MiKTeX ....................................................................................................... 7
Getting Started .................................................................................................... 7
Specialities ......................................................................................................... 7
Automatic Package Installation ...................................................................... 7
Finding out Package Usages ......................................................................... 7
Suppressing Screen Output ........................................................................... 8
Setting the Name of the Output File ............................................................... 8
Auto-insertion of Source Specials .................................................................. 8
Quoted File Names ...................................................................................... 9
Specifying Additional Input Directories .......................................................... 9
Specifying the Output Directory ................................................................... 10
Specifying the Directory for Auxiliary Files ................................................... 10
Running Programs From Within TeX ............................................................ 10
TCX Files: Character Translations ................................................................ 11
texify: The MiKTeX Compiler Driver ................................................................... 12
Printing ............................................................................................................ 13
Using a Viewer to Print DVI/PDF Files ........................................................ 13
Using mtprint to Print DVI Files ................................................................. 13
4. Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 14
Refreshing the File Name Database ...................................................................... 14
Setting the Preferred Paper Format ....................................................................... 15
Selecting Languages .......................................................................................... 15
Installing Updates .............................................................................................. 16
Automatic Package Installation ............................................................................ 20
Integrating Local Additions ................................................................................. 21
A Short Excursion: The TeX Directory Structure (TDS) ................................... 22
Walkthrough: Registering a User-Managed TEXMF Directory ........................... 22
5. Advanced Topics ................................................................................................... 28
Managing Font Map Files ................................................................................... 28
Working With the Package Manager ..................................................................... 28
Installing Packages .................................................................................... 28
Searching Packages .................................................................................... 29
Managing Memory Dump Files ........................................................................... 29
Changing TEXMF run-time parameters ................................................................. 29
II. Reference ..................................................................................................................... 31
6. Programs .............................................................................................................. 33
iii
MiKTeX 2.9 Manual
bibtex ..............................................................................................................
dvicopy ............................................................................................................
dvips ...............................................................................................................
findtexmf .........................................................................................................
gftodvi .............................................................................................................
initexmf ...........................................................................................................
mf ...................................................................................................................
miktexsetup ......................................................................................................
miktex-tools ......................................................................................................
mpm ................................................................................................................
mpost ..............................................................................................................
mthelp .............................................................................................................
mtprint .............................................................................................................
omega ..............................................................................................................
miktex-pdftex ....................................................................................................
setupwiz ...........................................................................................................
tex ..................................................................................................................
texify ...............................................................................................................
xetex ...............................................................................................................
4. Files ....................................................................................................................
pdftex.cfg .........................................................................................................
updmap.cfg .......................................................................................................
5. Environment variables ............................................................................................
6. Trace Streams .......................................................................................................
7. TEXMF Run-Time Parameters .................................................................................
All TeXMF Programs ........................................................................................
All TeX Programs .............................................................................................
Omega .............................................................................................................
pdfTeX ............................................................................................................
METAFONT & MetaPost ...................................................................................
METAFONT ....................................................................................................
MetaPost ..........................................................................................................
Index ...............................................................................................................................
iv
34
36
38
43
45
47
49
53
56
59
63
66
68
69
72
76
78
82
84
88
89
91
93
94
96
96
97
97
97
97
98
98
99
List of Figures
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
MiKTeX Options: General Settings ................................................................................

MiKTeX Options: Languages ........................................................................................
Automatic Package Installation ......................................................................................
Sample TeX Directory Structure ....................................................................................
MiKTeX Options: Roots ...............................................................................................
Browsing to a Root Directory ........................................................................................
MiKTeX Options: Root Directory Added ........................................................................
MiKTeX Options: Root Directory Moved ........................................................................
15
16
21
23
24
25
26
27
About this Document

This is version 2.9.5671 of the MiKTeX manual. It corresponds to MiKTeX 2.9 as at July 12, 2015.
vi
Part I. User Guide
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3
About this Manual ...................................................................................................... 3
About MiKTeX .......................................................................................................... 3
How to Get MiKTeX ................................................................................................... 4
Downloading MiKTeX ......................................................................................... 4
MiKTeX on DVD-R ............................................................................................ 4
Give Back .................................................................................................................. 4
The MiKTeX Project Page ........................................................................................... 4
The MiKTeX Mailing List ............................................................................................ 4
Documentation ............................................................................................................ 4
2. Installing MiKTeX ........................................................................................................... 5
Items in the Start Menu ............................................................................................... 5
Removing MiKTeX ..................................................................................................... 6
3. Using MiKTeX ............................................................................................................... 7
Getting Started ............................................................................................................ 7
Specialities ................................................................................................................. 7
Automatic Package Installation .............................................................................. 7
Finding out Package Usages ................................................................................. 7
Suppressing Screen Output ................................................................................... 8
Setting the Name of the Output File ....................................................................... 8
Auto-insertion of Source Specials .......................................................................... 8
Quoted File Names .............................................................................................. 9
Specifying Additional Input Directories .................................................................. 9
Specifying the Output Directory ........................................................................... 10
Specifying the Directory for Auxiliary Files ........................................................... 10
Running Programs From Within TeX .................................................................... 10
TCX Files: Character Translations ........................................................................ 11
texify: The MiKTeX Compiler Driver ........................................................................... 12
Printing .................................................................................................................... 13
Using a Viewer to Print DVI/PDF Files ................................................................ 13
Using mtprint to Print DVI Files ........................................................................ 13
4. Maintenance .................................................................................................................. 14
Refreshing the File Name Database .............................................................................. 14
Setting the Preferred Paper Format ............................................................................... 15
Selecting Languages .................................................................................................. 15
Installing Updates ...................................................................................................... 16
Automatic Package Installation .................................................................................... 20
Integrating Local Additions ......................................................................................... 21
A Short Excursion: The TeX Directory Structure (TDS) ........................................... 22
Walkthrough: Registering a User-Managed TEXMF Directory ................................... 22
5. Advanced Topics ........................................................................................................... 28
Managing Font Map Files ........................................................................................... 28
Working With the Package Manager ............................................................................. 28
Installing Packages ............................................................................................ 28
Searching Packages ............................................................................................ 29
Managing Memory Dump Files ................................................................................... 29
Changing TEXMF run-time parameters ......................................................................... 29
Chapter 1. Introduction
About this Manual
This manual is about MiKTeX: the purpose of this manual is not to give an introduction into the world of
TeX. If you are not familiar with using TeX (and Friends), then please consider reading one of the tutorials
available on the Internet [http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tutorials*].
About MiKTeX
MiKTeX (pronounced mik-tech) is an up-to-date implementation of TeX and related programs for
Windows (all current variants). TeX is a typesetting system invented by D. E. Knuth.
MiKTeX's main features include:
easy to install
integrated package management: missing packages can be installed automatically (on-the-fly) during
run-time
network friendly: MiKTeX can be run directly from a shared and read-only network directory
complete: the MiKTeX distribution contains almost all packages that are freely redistributable.
enhanced TeX compiler capabilities
enhanced previewer capabilities: forward/inverse DVI search, graphics, color, magnifying glass,
open source: MiKTeX source code is get-at-able for everyone
The MiKTeX distribution consists of the following components:
TeX, METAFONT, TeXware,
METAFONTware, Computer
Modern Fonts
the base TeX system
pdfTeX, XeTeX, LuaTeX,

Omega
various TeX derivatives
MetaPost
a METAFONT derivative for the creation of PostScript figures
Dvipdfm
converts TeX output into PDF documents
macro packages
almost all free TeX macro packages
fonts
almost all free fonts
Yap
a sophisticated viewer for TeX output
TeXify
a TeX compiler driver
MiKTeX Options
assists in configuring MiKTeX
MiKTeX Update Wizard
assists in keeping the MiKTeX system up-to-date
Introduction
lots of utilities
tools for the creation of bibliographies & indexes, PostScript utilities,

and more
How to Get MiKTeX

The MiKTeX distribution can be downloaded from the Internet. And it is available on DVD-R.
Downloading MiKTeX
There MiKTeX setup program comes in two flavors:
Basic MiKTeX Installer
MiKTeX Net Installer
You use the Basic MiKTeX Installer to install a basic MiKTeX system. The MiKTeX Net Installer can be
used to download and install a complete MiKTeX system. All this is explained later in this manual (see
Chapter 2, Installing MiKTeX).
MiKTeX on DVD-R
The MiKTeX DVD-R allows you to install MiKTeX on the hard-disk or to run the programs directly from
the DVD-R.
If you wish to obtain a copy of the MiKTeX DVD-R, visit the DVD-R info page [http://miktex.org/dvd].
Give Back
If you enjoy MiKTeX and want to support the project, then please become an esteemed MiKTeX user by
giving back something. It encourages me to continue, and is the perfect way to say thank you!
Visit the MiKTeX Give Back page [http://miktex.org/giveback], for more information.
The MiKTeX Project Page

The MiKTeX Project Page [http://miktex.org] is the address to turn to for MiKTeX related news &
information.
The MiKTeX Mailing List

There is a discussion list for MiKTeX users. You can join this list by visiting the MiKTeX-Users Info
Page [http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/miktex-users] and filling out the form provided there.
To see the collection of prior postings to the mailing list, browse the MiKTeX-Users Archives [http://
sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum=miktex-users].
Documentation
Use the mthelp utility to quickly access general TeX related documentation. For example, run mthelp
memoir to view documentation of the memoir package.
Chapter 2. Installing MiKTeX

You use the Basic MiKTeX Installer to install MiKTeX on your computer. You can download the installer
from the MiKTeX download page [http://miktex.org/download].
Please read the installation tutorial [http://miktex.org/howto/install-miktex] for a step-to-step guide.
Items in the Start Menu

MiKTeX Setup Wizard installs the following menu items in the Windows start menu:
MiKTeX 2.9 Previewer
A shortcut to the MiKTeX previewer Yap.
MiKTeX 2.9 TeXworks
A shortcut to TeXworks, an integrated development environment

for TeX and LaTeX.
MiKTeX 2.9 Help FAQ
Answers to frequently asked questions.
MiKTeX 2.9 Help Manual
The MiKTeX manual.
MiKTeX 2.9 Maintenance

Package Manager
A shortcut to the MiKTeX package manager.

Settings
A shortcut to MiKTeX Options.

Update
A shortcut to the MiKTeX update wizard.
A shortcut to the admin variant of the MiKTeX package manager.
(Admin) Package Manager

(Admin)
A shortcut to the admin variant of MiKTeX Options.
(Admin) Settings (Admin)

A shortcut to the admin variant of the MiKTeX update wizard.
(Admin) Update (Admin)

MiKTeX 2.9 MiKTeX on the
An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX issues page.
Web Known Issues

An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX project page.
Web MiKTeX Project Page

An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX registration page.
Web Registration
Installing MiKTeX
An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX support page.
Web Support
Removing MiKTeX
MiKTeX can be removed from your computer in the following way:
1.
Open Control Panel.
2.
Double-click Add or Remove Programs.
3.
Click MiKTeX 2.9.
4.
Click Change/Remove.
Chapter 3. Using MiKTeX

Getting Started
If you have never used TeX before, then it is recommendable to work through one of the TeX/
LaTeX tutorials. A good starting point is this entry in the UK TeX FAQ: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/
texfaq2html?label=tutorials*.
MiKTeX doesn't differ very much from any other TeX system you might have used before. Typesetting
with MiKTeX involves these steps:
1.
Start TeXworks and edit your LaTeX document.
2.
Press Ctrl+T to create a typeset view of your document.
Specialities
This section describes features that were added to the MiKTeX implementation of TeX & Friends.
Automatic Package Installation

All MiKTeX programs can be configured in such a way that missing packages are automatically installed
(see the section called Automatic Package Installation).
It is possible to override the global configuration setting with these command line options:
--disable-installer
Missing packages will not be installed.
--enable-installer
Missing packages will be installed.
Finding out Package Usages

The command line option --record-package-usages can be used to find out which packages are
used in a job.
For example, you would say
latex -record-package-usages=packages.txt test
to create the file packages.txt, which contains the names of the packages used by test.tex.
If test.tex looks like this:
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\begin{document}
Hello, world!
\end{document}
Then the resulting packages.txt would contain these lines:
cm
koma-script
ltxbase
Using MiKTeX
The package list can be handed over to the package manager (see mpm(1)), e.g.
mpm --update-some=packages.txt
would ensure that you have the latest versions installed.
Suppressing Screen Output

The option --quiet suppresses all diagnostic messages. No screen output is produced, unless there are
errors. The --quiet option implies --c-style-errors and --interaction=batchmode, i.e.
errors will be shown in a C style form and do not stop the compilation process.
For example, the input file foo.tex
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
What's \This?
\end{documnt}
would cause TeX to print one error message, as in the following example:
C:\> latex -quiet foo.tex
foo.tex:3: Undefined control sequence
C:\>
Setting the Name of the Output File

You can change the name of all output files by using the option --job-name=name. This switch
actually sets the name of the TeX job and has an effect of the output file names, because these names are
derived from the job name. Look at the following example:
C:\> latex -job-name=foo sample2e
This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (MiKTeX 2.2)
(D:\texmf\tex\latex\base\sample2e.tex
LaTeX2e <2001/06/01>
Babel <v3.7h> and hyphenation patterns for english, german, ngerman, loaded.
(D:\texmf\tex\latex\base\article.cls
Document Class: article 2001/04/21 v1.4e Standard LaTeX document class
(D:\texmf\tex\latex\base\size10.clo))
No file foo.aux.
(D:\texmf\tex\latex\base\omscmr.fd) [1] [2] [3] (foo.aux) )
Output written on foo.dvi (3 pages, 7256 bytes).
Transcript written on foo.log.
C:\>
Note the altered output file names: foo.aux, foo.dvi and foo.log.
Auto-insertion of Source Specials

What Are Source Specials?
Source specials are pieces of information embedded in a DVI file. They make a connection between the
source file location (e.g., line 100 in foo.tex) and the DVI location (e.g., page 2 in foo.dvi).
Source specials can improve the edit-compile-view-edit cycle:
Using MiKTeX
1. You edit the source file with a TeX editor.

2. You compile the source file.
3. You execute a special editor command to open the previewer Yap, going directly to the page that
corresponds to the cursor location in your editor window.
4. You navigate through the viewed document.
5. You double-click somewhere inside the viewed document; this causes Yap to bring the editor window
back to the front, moving the text cursor directly to the line that corresponds to the view location.
How to Insert Source Specials

The TeX compiler option --src-specials directs TeX to insert source specials into the DVI file.
You would say
latex -src-specials foo.tex

to create the DVI file foo.dvi with embedded source specials.
Quoted File Names

The TeX compiler can handle quoted file names. This makes it possible to specify long file names that
contain spaces.
For example, to compile the input file long file name.tex, you start TeX as follows:
latex "long file name"
This produces the DVI file "long
name.log".
file
name.dvi". The log file is named "long
file
You can, to some extent, use quoted file names inside the TeX document. For example:
\input{"extra long file name"}
This would cause TeX to read the file "extra long file name.tex".
Things get a little bit complicated if you want to use the LaTeX primitive \include. You have to write
something like the following:
\include{"extra\space long\space file\space name"}
Specifying Additional Input Directories

The command-line option --include-directory=dir causes the program to include dir into the
list of input directories.
For example:
latex --include-directory="C:\My Styles" foo.tex
This prepends C:\My Styles to the input search path, i.e., C:\My Styles will be searched first,
when TeX tries to find an input file.
Using MiKTeX
Specifying the Output Directory

The option --output-directory=dir causes TeX to create all output files in another directory.
For example:
C:\> mkdir C:\texoutput
C:\> latex -output-directory=C:\texoutput sample2e.tex
...
C:\>
This ensures that all output files (foo.dvi, foo.log, ) will be created in C:\texoutput\.
Specifying the Directory for Auxiliary Files

The option --aux-directory=dir causes TeX to create auxiliary files in another directory. For
example:
C:\> mkdir C:\texoutput
C:\> mkdir C:\tobedeleted
C:\> latex -output-directory=C:\texoutput -aux-directory=C:\tobedeleted foo.tex
...
C:\>
This ensures that 1) foo.dvi will be created in C:\texoutput\ and 2) all other files (foo.log, )
will be created in C:\tobedeleted\..
Running Programs From Within TeX

\write18
TeX handles output stream 18 in a special way: the token list is interpreted as a command line. If the
\write18 feature is enabled (see below), then \write18{toklist} starts the command interpreter (usually
cmd.exe) to carry out the command specified by toklist. For example:
\write18{dir}
lists the files and sub-directories of the current directory.
Note
The \write18 feature is only partially enabled by default to avoid security problems: only well
known commands are allowed. You fully enable the feature by specifying --enablewrite18 on the TeX command-line.
Piped Input and Output

TeX's input/output primitives can be used for unidirectional interprocess communication by prepending
a pipe symbol to the file name.
If this feature is enabled, then \input "|command" starts the command interpreter (usually cmd.exe) to
carry out the command. The output of the command becomes the input of TeX. For example:
10
Using MiKTeX
\input "|dir/b"
typesets the file names of the current directory.
Likewise, it is possible to let TeX write something into the input stream of a command. For example:
\immediate\openout1 = "|unix2dos|sort > sorted"

\immediate\write 1 {b}
\immediate\write 1 {a}
\immediate\write 1 {c}
\immediate\closeout1
\input sorted
typesets a b c.
Note
Piped input and output is disabled by default to avoid security problems. You enable the feature
by specifying --enable-pipes on the TeX command-line.
TCX Files: Character Translations

This section is borrowed from the Web2C manual.
TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct input of 8-bit international characters if
fonts containing those characters are being used. Specifically, they map an input (keyboard) character code
to the internal TeX character code (a superset of ASCII).
Of the various proposals for handling more than one input encoding, TCX files were chosen because they
follow Knuth's original ideas for the use of the xchr and xord tables. He ventured that these would be
changed in the WEB source in order to adjust the actual version to a given environment. It turned out,
however, that recompiling the WEB sources is not as simple task as Knuth predicted; therefore, TCX files,
providing the possibility of changing of the conversion tables on on-the-fly, has been implemented instead.
This approach limits the portability of TeX documents, as some implementations do not support it (or use
a different method for input-internal reencoding). It may also be problematic to determine the encoding to
use for a TeX document of unknown provenance; in the worst case, failure to do so correctly may result
in subtle errors in the typeset output.
While TCX files can be used with any format, using them breaks the LaTeX inputenc package. This is
why you should either use tcxfile or inputenc in LaTeX input files, but never both.
This is entirely independent of the MLTeX extension: whereas a TCX file defines how an input keyboard
character is mapped to TeX's internal code, MLTeX defines substitutions for a non-existing character glyph
in a font with a \accent construction made out of two separate character glyphs. TCX files involve no new
primitives; it is not possible to specify that an input (keyboard) character maps to more than one character.
Specifying TCX files:
You can specify a TCX file to be used for a particular TeX run by specifying the command-line option
-translate-file=tcxfile or (preferably) specifying it explicitly in the first line of the main
document:
%& -translate-file=tcxfile
11
Using MiKTeX
TCX files are searched for along the TCXPath path.

initex ignores TCX files.
MiKTeX comes with at least two TCX files, il1-t1.tcx and il2-t1.tcx. These support ISO Latin 1
and ISO Latin 2, respectively, with Cork-encoded fonts (a.k.a.: the T1 encoding). TCX files for Czech,
Polish, and Slovak are also provided.
Syntax of TCX files:
1. Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored.
2. Whitespace is ignored except as a separator.
3. Comments start with % and continue to the end of the line.
4. Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes:
src [dest]
5. Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading 0, hexadecimal with a leading 0x, or
decimal otherwise. Values must be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal).
6. If the dest code is not specified, it is taken to be the same as src.
7. If the same src code is specified more than once, it is the last definition that counts.
Finally, here's what happens: when TeX sees an input character with code src: it 1) changes src to
dest; and 2) makes code the dest printable, i.e., printed as-is in diagnostics and the log file instead
of in ^^ notation.
By default, no characters are translated, and character codes between 32 and 126 inclusive (decimal) are
printable. It is not possible to make these (or any) characters unprintable.
Specifying translations for the printable ASCII characters (codes 32127) will yield unpredictable results.
Additionally you shouldn't make the following characters printable: ^^I (TAB), ^^J (line feed), ^^M
(carriage return), and ^^? (delete), since TeX uses them in various ways.
Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for src, and the output (font) character
code for dest.
texify: The MiKTeX Compiler Driver

texify is a command-line utility that simplifies the creation of DVI (PDF) documents: texify automatically
runs LaTeX (pdfLaTeX), MakeIndex and BibTeX as many times as necessary to produce a DVI (PDF)
file with sorted indices and all cross-references resolved.
To run texify on an input file foo.tex, do this:
texify foo.tex
As shown in the example above, the input file names to texify must include any extension (.tex, .ltx,
).
There are several command line options you can use to control texify (see texify(1)). Here are some
examples:
12
Using MiKTeX
texify --clean foo.tex

All auxiliary files will be removed, i.e., only the output foo.dvi file will be left in the current folder.
texify --tex-option=--src foo.tex
Passes the option --src to the TeX compiler.
texify --run-viewer foo.tex
Opens the output file foo.dvi (unless there are compile erros).
texify --tex-option=--src --viewer-option="-1 -s\"200 foo.tex\"" --run-viewer foo.t

Compiles foo.tex with source file information (--src) and then initiates forward DVI search to
open foo.dvi at the source special location 200 foo.tex. The previewer option -1 re-uses an existing
previewer window.
See the Yap manual, for a complete list of previewer options.
Printing
Using a Viewer to Print DVI/PDF Files
TeX output files (*.dvi/*.pdf) can be printed from within the viewer.
Using mtprint to Print DVI Files

DVI files can also be printed with the help of the command-line utility mtprint (MiKTeX Print Utility).
For example, run mtprint paper to send the DVI file paper.dvi to the default Windows printer.
See mtprint(1), for more information about mtprint
13
Chapter 4. Maintenance
Refreshing the File Name Database
To speed up file search, MiKTeX makes use of a list of known file names. This list is called the file name
database (FNDB).
It is necessary that you refresh the file name database whenever you manually install TeX/LaTeX-related
files in a user-managed TEXMF directory.
You update the file name database with the help of MiKTeX Options.
Click Start Programs MiKTeX 2.9 Maintenance Settings to open the MiKTeX Options window
(see Figure 4.1, MiKTeX Options: General Settings).
14
Maintenance
Figure 4.1. MiKTeX Options: General Settings
Click Refresh FNDB to refresh the file name database.
Setting the Preferred Paper Format

You can set the preferred paper format with the help of MiKTeX Options.
(see Figure 4.1, MiKTeX Options: General Settings). Select your preferred paper format from the dropdown list and click OK.
Selecting Languages
15
Maintenance
You can control the loading of hyphenation patterns with the help of MiKTeX Options.
Click on the Languages tab. You will presented with the list of available languages (Figure 4.2, MiKTeX
Options: Languages). Mark the languages, whose hyphenation patterns are to be loaded by the TeX
engines.
Figure 4.2. MiKTeX Options: Languages
Installing Updates
You can use the MiKTeX update wizard to install the latest MiKTeX updates.
To start the wizard, click Start Programs MiKTeX 2.9 Update. The wizard asks you to choose
an update source:
16
Maintenance
Choose to install updates from a remote package repository. Choose Local folder, if you are mirroring
a remote package repository on your computer. Chosse MiKTeX CD, if you have a new edition of the
MiKTeX CD. Click Next > to continue.
If you have chosen to install packages from a remote package repository, MiKTeX Update Wizard lists
the available package repositories. Choose the nearest repository:
17
Maintenance
Click Next > to continue.

A list of updateable packages is displayed. Choose the packages you wish to update:
18
Maintenance
Click Next > to start the update process.

MiKTeX Update Wizard now updates the selected packages:
19
Maintenance
When the update operation is complete, click Next > and then Finish.
Automatic Package Installation

MiKTeX has the ability to automatically install missing packages.
MiKTeX asks your permission before installing a package (see Figure 4.3, Automatic Package
Installation.
20
Maintenance
Figure 4.3. Automatic Package Installation
Click Install to start the installation of the package. Click Cancel, to cancel the installation. If you do not
want to see this dialog in the future, clear the mark from the check box Always show this dialog before
installing packages. Your decision will be remembered.
Integrating Local Additions

If you have files that you want to integrate into the MiKTeX setup, you have several options:
Use the command-line option --includedirectory=dir

For example:
latex --include-directory=C:\path\to\my\style\files thesis.tex
See the section called Specifying Additional Input Directories, for more information.
Set environment variables

For example:
set TEXINPUTS=C:\path\to\my\style\files
latex thesis.tex
21
Maintenance
See Chapter 5, Environment variables, to learn more about MiKTeX environment variables.
Register a user-managed TEXMF directory

Register the root of the directory tree which contains your files. The directory tree must conform to the
TDS standard, i.e., you must imitate the directory tree in the MiKTeX installation directory (usually C:
\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9).
Tip
This is the recommended method. The rest of this section explains how you can register your
own root directory.
A Short Excursion: The TeX Directory Structure (TDS)

Here is a brief summary of the TDS standard:
*.afm go in root\fonts\afm\supplier\font
*.dvi, *.ps or *.pdf go in root\doc\latex\package
*.enc go in root\fonts\enc\syntax\bundle
*.map go in root\fonts\map\syntax\bundle
*.mf go in root\fonts\source\supplier\font
*.pfb go in root\fonts\type1\supplier\font
*.sty, *.cls or *.fd go in root\tex\latex\package
*.tfm go in root\fonts\tfm\supplier\font
*.ttf go in root\fonts\truetype\supplier\font
*.vf go in root\fonts\vf\supplier\font
Please run mthelp tds to learn more about the TDS.
Walkthrough: Registering a User-Managed TEXMF

Directory
In this walkthrough, we assume that your own additions are located in the directory tree rooted at C:
\Local TeX Files. This tree might look as follows:
22
Maintenance
Figure 4.4. Sample TeX Directory Structure
In our example, the input files are distributed over three directories:
C:\Local TeX Files
\bibtex\bib\misc
Contains .bib files.
C:\Local TeX Files

\bibtex\bst\misc
Contains .bst files.
C:\Local TeX Files\tex

\latex\misc
Contains LaTeX input files (*.sty, *.cls, ).
You use MiKTeX Options to register C:\Local TeX Files. Click Start Programs MiKTeX
2.9 Maintenance Settings to open the MiKTeX Options window (see Figure 4.1, MiKTeX Options:
General Settings).
Click on the Roots tab. The Roots page (see Figure 4.5, MiKTeX Options: Roots) shows the list of
currently registered root directories.
23
Maintenance
Figure 4.5. MiKTeX Options: Roots
Click Add. In the following dialog box (Figure 4.6, Browsing to a Root Directory), browse to C:
\Local TeX Files and click OK.
24
Maintenance
Figure 4.6. Browsing to a Root Directory
The root directory will be appended to the list (Figure 4.7, MiKTeX Options: Root Directory Added).
25
Maintenance
Figure 4.7. MiKTeX Options: Root Directory Added
You can move C:\Local TeX Files before the installation directory, if you want to prioritize your
own files. Click C:\Local TeX Files to select the list entry. Then click Up to move it before the installation
directory (Figure 4.8, MiKTeX Options: Root Directory Moved).
26
Maintenance
Figure 4.8. MiKTeX Options: Root Directory Moved
Click OK to close MiKTeX Options The file name database will be refreshed. Your files in C:\Local
TeX Files are now available to MiKTeX.
27
Chapter 5. Advanced Topics

Managing Font Map Files
Information about outline fonts is stored in a file by the name of psfonts.map. This file is created in
the course of the setup/update process. It can be manually created by running initexmf --mkmaps.
psfonts.map depends on the file updmap.cfg. This configuration file contains declarative
instructions (see updmap.cfg(5)), which will be used to build psfonts.map.
Caution
The contents of psfonts.map should never be edited directly. Your modifications get lost
when you install new packages.
For example, follow these steps if you want to add an entry for the font map file xyz.map:
1.
Run initexmf --edit-config-file updmap.
2.
Insert the following line at the end of the file:

Map xyz.map
3.
Save the file and close the editor.
4.
Run initexmf --mkmaps to rebuild the font map files.
Working With the Package Manager

You use MiKTeX Package Manager (MPM) to install and remove packages.
The package manager can be run in two modes: batch and windowed.
MPM runs in batch mode if you specify command-line options such as --install and --update (see
mpm(1) for a list of available command-line options).
To start the package manager in windowed mode, click Start Programs MiKTeX 2.9 Browse
Packages). You will see a window similar to this:
Installing Packages
You install packages as follows:
1.
Select all wanted packages in the list view.
2.
Click on + to install the packages.
For example: you want to install the ConTeXt package:

1.
Locate and select the ConTeXt package in the list view, e.g., type the key sequence C O N T.
2.
You can now click + to install the package.
28
Advanced Topics
Searching Packages
Sometimes you don't know the name of a package, but you know the name of a file that belongs to the
wanted package. In this case, enter the file name information in the file name edit control. Note that the
file name information can include wildcard characters (*?).
For example: you need to download the class file weekly.cls:
1.
Enter weekly.cls in the file name edit control.
2.
Click the Filter button.
The list view will be reduced to contain only the calendar package. Selecting calendar and pressing
+ will install the package.
Managing Memory Dump Files

In typical use, TeX, METAFONT and MetaPost require a large number of macros to be predefined;
therefore, they support memory dump files, which can be read much more efficiently than ordinary source
code.
For example, LaTeX macros are stored in the file latex.fmt. This file is loaded by pdfTeX, when you
start latex.
MiKTeX Options can assist you in defining a new memory dump file:
Click on the Formats tab. You are presented with a list of known memory dump files. To add an entry
to this list, click New....
In the Format Definition dialog box, enter the following information:
Format name
The name of the memory dump file without an extension.
Compiler
The program which creates and loads the memory dump file.
Input file
The name of the main input file.
Preloaded format
Optional: The name of another memory dump file, which must be loaded before
the actual memory dump file is being created.
Descriptioin
A one-line comment which describes the new memory dump file.
A new executable file with the name of the memory dump will be installed in the MiKTeX bin directory.
This executable serves as a short-cut for compiler "&name". For example, these two commands are
equivalent:
latex sample2e
pdftex "&latex" sample2e
Changing TEXMF run-time parameters

You can control a number of run-time parameters (in particular, array sizes) on the command-line or in
a configuration file.
29
Advanced Topics
Some of the more interesting paramaters:

main_memory
Total words of memory available, for TeX, METAFONT, and MetaPost. You must
remake the format file after changing (see the section called Managing Memory
Dump Files).
extra_mem_bot
Extra space for large TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, et al.
font_mem_size
Words of font info available for TeX.
See Chapter 7, TEXMF Run-Time Parameters, for a complete list of the TEXMF run-time parameters.
Here is a typical example of a configuration file:
main_memory=2000000
extra_mem_bot=2000000
font_mem_size=2000000
The name of the configuration file is that of the engine (e.g., pdftex) or format (e.g, pdflatex). You use
the --edit-config-file option of initexmf to edit the configuration file, e.g.:
C:\> initexmf --edit-config-file=pdflatex
C:\>
30
Part II. Reference
Table of Contents
6. Programs ......................................................................................................................
bibtex ......................................................................................................................
dvicopy ....................................................................................................................
dvips .......................................................................................................................
findtexmf .................................................................................................................
gftodvi .....................................................................................................................
initexmf ...................................................................................................................
mf ...........................................................................................................................
miktexsetup ..............................................................................................................
miktex-tools ..............................................................................................................
mpm ........................................................................................................................
mpost ......................................................................................................................
mthelp .....................................................................................................................
mtprint .....................................................................................................................
omega ......................................................................................................................
miktex-pdftex ............................................................................................................
setupwiz ...................................................................................................................
tex ..........................................................................................................................
texify .......................................................................................................................
xetex .......................................................................................................................
4. Files ............................................................................................................................
pdftex.cfg .................................................................................................................
updmap.cfg ...............................................................................................................
5. Environment variables ....................................................................................................
6. Trace Streams ...............................................................................................................
7. TEXMF Run-Time Parameters .........................................................................................
All TeXMF Programs ................................................................................................
All TeX Programs .....................................................................................................
Omega .....................................................................................................................
pdfTeX ....................................................................................................................
METAFONT & MetaPost ...........................................................................................
METAFONT ............................................................................................................
MetaPost ..................................................................................................................
32
33
34
36
38
43
45
47
49
53
56
59
63
66
68
69
72
76
78
82
84
88
89
91
93
94
96
96
97
97
97
97
98
98
Chapter 6. Programs
33
Programs
Name
bibtex make a bibliography for (La)TeX
Synopsis
bibtex [option...] [auxname]
Description
bibtex reads the top-level auxiliary (.aux) file that was output during the running of latex or tex and
creates a bibliography (.bbl) file that will be incorporated into the document on subsequent runs of
LaTeX or TeX. The auxname on the command-line must be given without the .aux extension. If you
don't give the auxname, the program prompts you for it.
bibtex looks up, in bibliographic database (.bib) files specified by the \bibliography command, the
entries specified by the \cite and \nocite commands in the LaTeX or TeX source file. It formats the
information from those entries according to instructions in a bibliography style (.bst) file (specified by
the \bibliographystyle command, and it outputs the results to the .bbl file.
The LaTeX reference manual explains what a LaTeX source file must contain to work with bibtex.
Appendix B of the manual describes the format of the .bib files. The BibTeXing document describes
extensions and details of this format, and it gives other useful hints for using bibtex.
Options
--alias=app
Pretend to be app, i.e., set program (and memory dump) name to

app. This may affect the search paths and other values used. Using
this option is equivalent to copying the executable file to app.exe
and invoking app.exe.
--disable-installer
Disable automatic installation of missing packages. Specifying

this option overwrites the global configuration setting in MiKTeX
Options (see the section called Automatic Package Installation).
--disable-pipes
Disable input (output) from (to) child processes.
--enable-installer
Enable automatic installation of missing packages. Specifying

--enable-pipes
Enable input (output) from (to) child processes.
--help
Give help and exit.
--hhelp
This option is only available on Windows systems: show the
manual page in an HTML Help window and exit when the window
is closed.
--include-directory=dir
Prefix dir to the search path.
--min-crossrefs=n
34
Programs
Defines the minimum number of crossrefs required for automatic

inclusion of the crossref'd entry on the citation list; the default is
two.
--quiet
Suppress all output, except errors.
--record-packageusages=file
Record all package usages and write them into file.
--trace[=tracestreams]
Enable trace messages. The tracestreams argument, if

speciefied, is a comma-separated list of trace stream names
(Chapter 6, Trace Streams).
--version
Show version information and exit.
Environment
BIBINPUTS
Extra paths to locate .bib files.
BSTINPUTS
Extra paths to locate .bst files.
See Also
BibTeXing
Run mthelp btxdoc
Designing BibTeX Styles
Run mthelp btxhak
LaTeX: A Document Preparation

System
ISBN 0-201-52983-1
35
Programs
Name
dvicopy produce modified copy of DVI file
Synopsis
dvicopy [option...] indvi outdvi
Description
dvicopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts to base fonts, and writes the resulting
DVI file. Thus you can use virtual fonts even if your DVI processor does not support them, by passing
the documents through dvicopy first.
Options
--alias=app

--disable-installer

--disable-pipes
--enable-installer

--enable-pipes
--help
Give help and exit.
--hhelp
is closed.
--mag=mag
Override existing magnification with mag.
--max-pages=n
Process n pages; default one million. This option cannot be used
together with --select.
--page-start=page-spec
Start at page-spec, for example 2 or 5.*.-2. This option cannot
be used together with --select.
36
Programs
--select=sel
Select pages to be copied.
The syntax for sel is: start [n], where start is the starting
page specification (for example 2 or 5.*.-2) and n (optional) is
the maximum number of pages to be copied.
You can use up to 10 --select options. This option cannot be
used together with --max-pages or --page-start.

--version
37
Programs
Name
dvips convert a DVI file to PostScript
Synopsis
dvips [option...] dvifile
Description
dvips takes a DVI file produced by TeX (or by some other processor such as gftodvi) and converts it to
PostScript. The DVI file may be specified without the .dvi extension.
Options
Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by suffixing the option with a zero (0); for
instance, to turn off page reversal, use -r0. Such options are marked with a trailing *.
-a*
Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead of
two and only loading those characters actually used.
-A
Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not physical
page numbers.
-b num
Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
rather than using the /#copies PostScript variable. This can be useful in
conjunction with a header file setting bop-hook to do color separations
or other neat tricks.
-B
Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not
physical page numbers.
-c num
Generate num consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is

uncollated. This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable /#copies.
-C num
Generate num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
PostScript file). Slower than the -c option, but easier on the hands, and
faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple times.
-d num
Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. See the Dvips
manual, for the possible values of num. Use -d -1 as the first option
for maximum output.
-D num
Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to num, given in dpi (dots
per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also
the positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between
10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal and vertical resolution. If
a high resolution (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the
-Z flag should probably also be used. If you are using fonts made with
METAFONT, such as Computer Modern, makepk needs to know about
the value for num that you use or METAFONT will fail. See the file
modes.mf for a list of resolutions and mode names for most devices.
-e num
Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true' resolutionindependent position on the page. The default value of this parameter is
38
Programs
resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the list [100, 200,
300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800, 3200, ]
that are less than or equal to the resolution in dots per inch). Allowing
individual characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded positions by a
few pixels, while regaining the true position at the beginning of each new
word, improves the spacing of letters in words.
-E*
Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at marks
made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In addition, it
gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters that print outside
their enclosing TFM box may confuse it. In addition, the bounding box
might be a bit too loose if the character glyph has significant left or right
side bearings. Nonetheless, this option works well enough for creating
small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like. (Of course, dvips
output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is resolution-dependent and
thus does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to
be scaled; use these EPSF files with care.) For multiple page input files,
also specify -i to get each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all
the pages are overlaid in the single output file.
-f*
Read the DVI file from standard input and write the PostScript to standard
output. The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If your
input must be a pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a
temporary file and then points dvips at this file. It turns off the automatic
sending of control-D if it was turned on with the -F option or in the
configuration file; use -F after the -f to send it anyway.
-F*
Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the PostScript
file. This is useful when dvips is driving the printer directly instead
of working through a spooler, as is common on personal systems. On
systems shared by more than one person, this is not recommended.
-G
Shift low chars to higher pos.
-h name
Prepend name as an additional header file, or, if name is -, suppress all

header files. Any definitions in the header file get added to the PostScript
userdict.
-i*
Make each section be a separate file; a section is a part of the document

processed independently, most often created to avoid memory overflow.
The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the supplied output file
name by a three-digit sequence number. This option is most often used in
conjunction with the -S option which sets the maximum section length
in pages; if -i is specified and -S is not, each page is output as a separate
file. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so
consecutive pages before running out of steam; these options can be used
to automatically split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.
-j*
Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the default.
Some debugging flags trace this operation. You can also control partial
downloading on a per-font basis (by editing updmap.cfg). See the
section called Managing Font Map Files.
-k*
Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be
specified, either with a paper size special or with the -T option) by a half
inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch and draws
39
Programs
cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the
page size automatically. This works by downloading crop.pro.
-K*
Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and

headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript postprocessing programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments, when left
in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can cause other graphics to
fail, however, since the PostScript header macros from some software
packages read portion the input stream line by line, searching for a
particular comment.
-l [=]num
The last page printed will be the first one numbered num. Default is the
last page in the document. If num is prefixed by an equals sign, then it
(and the argument to the -p option, if specified) is treated as a physical
(absolute) page number, rather than a value to compare with the TeX
\count0 values stored in the DVI file. Thus, using -l =9 will end with
the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
numbered.
-m*
Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
-M*
Turns off automatic font generation.
-n num
Print at most num pages. Default is 100000.
-N*
Turns off generation of structured comments such as %%Page; this may

be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript comments
in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Beware: This also disables
page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers such as GSview.
-o name
Send output to the file name. If -o is specified without name, the default
is file.ps where the input DVI file was file.dvi. If -o isn't given
at all, the configuration file default is used.
If name is -, output goes to standard output. If the first character of name
is ! or |, then the remainder will be used as an argument to popen; thus,
specifying |lpr as the output file will automatically queue the file for
printing as usual. dvips will print to the local printer device PRN when
name is |lpr and a program by that name cannot be found.
-o turns off the automatic sending of control-D. See the -f option for
how to override this.
-O x-offset,y-offset
Move the origin by x-offset,y-offset, a comma-separated pair of

dimensions such as .1in,-.3cm. The origin of the page is shifted from
the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper
left corner of the paper) by this amount. This is usually best specified in
the printer-specific configuration file.
This is useful for a printer that consistently offsets output pages by a
certain amount. You can use the file testpage.tex to determine the
correct value for your printer. Be sure to do several runs with the same O
value-some printers vary widely from run to run.
If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every page,
your best recourse is to use bop-hook (see the Dvips manual for more
information).
40
Programs
-p [=]num
The first page printed will be the first one numbered num. Default is the
first page in the document. If num is prefixed by an equals sign, then it
(and the argument to the -l option, if specified) is treated as a physical
(absolute) page number, rather than a value to compare with the TeX
\count0 values stored in the DVI file. Thus, using -p =3 will start with
the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
numbered.
-pp first-last
Print pages first through last; equivalent to -p first -l last,

except that multiple -pp options accumulate, unlike -p and -l. The separator can also be :.
-P printer
Read the configuration file config.printer, which can set the output
name (most likely o |lpr -Pprinter), resolution, METAFONT
mode, and perhaps font paths and other printer-specific defaults. It works
best to put sitewide defaults in the one master config.ps file and
only things that vary printer to printer in the config.printer files;
config.ps is read before config.printer.
-q*
Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard output;
report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
-r*
Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first.
-R
Run securely. This disables shell command execution in \special (via

`) and config files (via the E), pipes as output files, and opening of any
absolute filenames.
-s*
Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file to not
be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful if you
are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don't care too much about
the portability of the output to other environments.
-S num
Set the maximum number of pages in each section. This option is most
commonly used with the -i option; see its description above for more
information.
-t papertype
Set the paper type to papertype, usually defined in one of the

configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to select
it. You can also specify a papertype of landscape, which rotates a
document by 90 degrees. To rotate a document whose paper type is not
the default, you can use the -t option twice, once for the paper type, and
once for landscape.
-T hsize,vsize
Set the paper size to (hsize,vsize), a comma-separated pair of

dimensions such as .1in,-.3cm . It overrides any paper size special
in the DVI file.
-u name
Examine name for PostScript font aliases. Default is psfonts.map.

This option allows you to specify different resident fonts that different
printers may have. If name starts with a + character, then the rest of the
name (after any leading spaces) is used as an additional map file.
-U*
Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the

character metric information in the same string that is used to store the
bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox 4045
41
Programs
PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the bottom
of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this printer.
-V*
Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use

of makepk to generate the required bitmap fonts. The bitmap must be
put into psfonts.map as the downloadable file for that font. This is
useful only for those fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being
downloaded to printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely.
-x num
Set the x magnification ratio to num/1000. Overrides the magnification

specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and 100000. It is
recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095, 1200, 1440,
1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total number of PK
files generated. num may be a real number, not an integer, for increased
precision.
-X num
Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.
-y num
Set the y magnification ratio to num/1000. See -x above.
-Y num
Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.
-z*
Pass html hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual

distillation into PDF. This is not enabled by default to avoid including
the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in creating the
output.
-Z*
Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of what
gets downloaded. Especially useful at high resolutions or when very large
fonts are used. May slow down printing, especially on early 68000-based
PostScript printers. Generally recommend today, and can be enabled in
the configuration file.
See Also
Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript
Translator
Run mthelp dvips
42
Programs
Name
findtexmf find MiKTeX files
Synopsis
findtexmf [option...] file...
Description
findtexmf can be used to find MiKTeX related files. When the -file-type option is not given, the
search path used when looking for a file is inferred from the name given, by looking for a known extension.
If no known extension is found, the search path for TeX source files is used.
Options
--alias=app
Pretend to be app when finding files.
--help
Give help and exit.
--file-type=filetype
Use the specified file type (see below).
--must-exist
Install missing packages, if necessary.
--show-path=filetype
Output search path for the specified file type (see below).
--start
Start the associated program, if the file was found.
--the-name-of-thegame=name
Set the name of the program. Relevant when searching for format
files.
--version
File Types
afm (.afm)
base (.base)
bib (.bib)
bst (.bst)
cid maps (.cid;.cidmap)
clua (.dll;.so)
cnf (.cnf)
cweb (.w)
dvi (.dvi)
enc (.enc)
exe (.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC)
font feature files (.fea)
43
Programs
fmt (.fmt)
hbf (.hbf)
graphic/figure (.eps;.epsi;.png)
gf (.gf)
ist (.ist)
lig files (.lig)
lua (.lua;.luatex;.luc;.luctex;.texlua;.texluc;.tlu)
map (.map)
mem (.mem)
mf (.mf)
mfpool (.pool)
mft (.mft)
mlbib (.mlbib;.bib)
mlbst (.bst)
mp (.mp)
mppool (.pool)
ocp (.ocp)
ofm (.ofm;.tfm)
opl (.opl)
opentype fonts (.otf)
otp (.otp)
ovf (.ovf)
ovp (.ovp)
perlscript (.pl)
pk (.pk)
PostScript header (.pro;.enc)
subfont definition files (.sfd)
tcx (.tcx)
tex (.tex)
texpool (.pool)
TeX system documentation (.chm;.dvi;.html;.txt;.pdf;.ps)
tfm (.tfm)
truetype fonts (.ttf;.ttc)
type1 fonts (.pfb;.pfa)
type42 fonts (.t42)
vf (.vf)
web (.web)
Windows command script file (.bat;.cmd)
44
Programs
Name
gftodvi make proof sheets from generic font files
Synopsis
gftodvi [option...] [gffile]
Description
The gftodvi program converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example, METAFONT, to a device
independent (DVI) file (that can then be typeset using the same software that has already been written for).
The characters in the GF file will appear one per page, with labels, titles, and annotations as specified in
Appendix H (Hardcopy Proofs) of The METAFONTbook.
gftodvi uses other fonts in addition to the main GF file. A gray font is used to typeset the pixels that
actually make up the character. (We wouldn't want all the pixels to be simply black, since then labels, key
points, and other information would be lost.) A title font is used for the information at the top of the
page. A label font is used for the labels on key points of the figure. A slant font is used to typeset
diagonal lines, which otherwise have to be simulated using horizontal and vertical rules. The default gray,
title, and label fonts are gray, cmr8, and cmtt10, respectively; there is no default slant font.
To change the default fonts, you can give special commands in your source file, or you can change the
fonts on the command-line.
The GF file name on the command-line must be complete. (The program prompts you for it if you don't give
it.) Because the resolution is part of the extension, it would not make sense to append a default extension as
is done with other DVI-reading software. The output file name defaults to the same root as the GF file, with
the .dvi extension added. For example, the input file cmr10.2602gf would become cmr10.dvi.
Options
--alias=app

--disable-installer

--enable-installer

--gray-font=font
Sets the gray font. Default is gray.
--help
Give help and exit.
--hhelp
is closed.
45
Programs
--label-font=font
Sets the label font. Default is cmtt10.
--logo-font=font
Sets the logo font. Default is logo8.
--overflow-labeloffset=real
Specifies the distance from the right edge of the character bounding
box at which the overflow equations (if any) are typeset. The value
is given in points. The default is a little over two inches.
-slant-font=font
Sets the slant font. There is no default.

-title-font=font
Sets the title font. Default is cmr8.

--version
Documentation
The METAFONTbook
ISBN 0-201-13444-6
46
Programs
Name
initexmf MiKTeX configuration utility
Synopsis
initexmf [option...]
Description
initexmf is used to configure MiKTeX.
User mode vs. administrative mode

This utility can be run in two modes:
User mode (default)
Only user related MiKTeX configuration and data files are modified.
Administrative mode
Only system-wide MiKTeX configuration and data files are modified. The
utility should be run as the system administrator.
By default, the utility runs in user mode. You can turn on administrative mode with the --admin option.
For example, if you want to update the system-wide file name database, you invoke the utility as follows:
initexmf --admin --update-fndb
Options
--admin
Run in administrative mode.
--configure
This option is only available on UNIX system-like platforms.
Configure MiKTeX:
kpsewhich is run to find existing TEXMF trees; the
information is written to /var/lib/miktex-texmf/
miktex/config/miktexstartup.ini, if administrative
mode is turned on; otherwise the information is written to
~/.miktex/miktex/config/miktexstartup.ini
the system-wide (per-user) file name database is created, if
administrative mode is turned on (off)
--dump
--dump=key
Dump the specified memory dump file.
--edit-configfile=configfile
Open the specified config file in an editor.
--force
Force --mklinks to overwrite existing executables.
--list-modes
--mklinks
47
Programs
Create an executable for each known format.

--mkmaps
--print-only
Print what would be done. Nothing is changed.
--quiet
Suppress screen output.
--register-root=dir
--report
Write a MiKTeX configuration report.
--unregister-root=dir
--update-fndb
--update-fndb=dir
Refresh the file name database for a specific TEXMF tree.
--verbose
Print information on what is being done.
--version
Print the version number and exit.
See also
MiKTeX Project Page [http://www.miktex.org]
48
Programs
Name
mf METAFONT, a language for font and logo design
Synopsis
mf [option...] [[command...] | [file]]
Description
METAFONT reads the program in the specified files and outputs font rasters (in GF format) and font
metrics (in TFM format). The METAFONT language is described in The METAFONTbook.
Like TeX, METAFONT is normally used with a large body of precompiled macros, and font generation in
particular requires the support of several macro files. METAFONT looks at its command line to see what
name it was called under. Both inimf and virmf are linked to the mf executable. When called as inimf
(or when the --initialize option is given) it can be used to precompile macros into a .base file.
When called as virmf it will use the plain base. When called under any other name, METAFONT will use
that name as the name of the base to use. For example, when called as mf the mf base is used, which is
identical to the plain base. Other bases than plain are rarely used.
The commands given on the command line to the METAFONT program are passed to it as the first input
line. (But it is often easier to type extended arguments as the first input line, since shells tend to gobble up
or misinterpret METAFONT's favorite symbols, like semicolons, unless you quote them.) As described in
The METAFONTbook, that first line should begin with a filename, a \controlsequence, or a &basename.
The normal usage is to say
mf \mode=printengine; input font
to start processing font.mf. (Or you can just say mf and give the other stuff on the next line.) Other
control sequences, such as batchmode (for silent operation) can also appear. The name font will be the
job name, and is used in forming output file names. If METAFONT doesn't get a file name in the first
line, the job name is mfput. The default extension, .mf, can be overridden by specifying an extension
explicitly.
A log of error messages goes into the file font.log. The output files are font.tfm and
font.numbergf, where number depends on the resolution and magnification of the font. The mode
in this example is shown generically as printengine, a symbolic term for which the name of an actual
device or, most commonly, the name localfont must be substituted. If the mode is not specified or
is not valid, METAFONT will default to proof mode which produces large character images for use in
font design and refinement. Proof mode can be recognized by the suffix .2602gf after the job name.
Examples of proof mode output can be found in Computer Modern Typefaces (Volume E of Computers
and Typesetting). The system of magsteps is identical to the system used by TeX, with values generally
in the range 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0.
Magnification can also be specified not as a magstep but as an arbitrary value, such as 1.315, to create
special character sizes.
Before font production can begin, it is necessary to set up the appropriate base files. The minimum set
of components for font production for a given printengine is the plain.mf macro file and the local
mode_def file. The macros in plain.mf can be studied in an appendix to The METAFONTbook; they
were developed by Donald E. Knuth, and this file should never be altered. Each mode_def specification
helps adapt fonts to a particular printengine. The local ones in use on this computer should be in
modes.mf.
49
Programs
The e response to METAFONT's error prompt causes the default editor to start up at the current line of the
current file. The configuration value Editor can be used to change the editor used. It may contain a string
with %f indicating where the filename goes and %l indicating where the decimal line number (if any) goes.
A convenient file is null.mf, containing nothing. When METAFONT can't find the file it thinks you
want to input, it keeps asking you for another file name; responding null gets you out of the loop if you
don't want to input anything.
Online Graphics Output

You can see METAFONTs output without printing. Chapter 23 of The METAFONTbook describes what
you can do. You enable screen ouput by giving --screen on the command-line.
Options
--alias=app

--aux-directory=dir
Set the directory dir to which auxiliary files are written. Also look
for input files in dir first, before along the normal search path.
--bistack-size=n
Set the size of the stack for bisection algorithms.
--buf-size=n
Set the the maximum number of characters simultaneously present

in current lines of open files and in control sequences between
\csname and \endcsname. TeX uses the buffer to contain input lines,
but macro expansion works by writing material into the buffer and
reparsing the line. As a consequence, certain constructs require the
buffer to be very large, even though most documents can be handled
with a small value.
--c-style-errors
Change the way, error messages are printed. The alternate style
looks like error messages from many compilers and is easier to
parse for some editors. This option implies \scrollmode.
--disable-installer

--disable-pipes
--dont-parse-first-line
Disable checking whether the first line of the main input file starts
with %&.
--enable-installer

--enable-pipes
--error-line=n
Set the width of context lines on terminal error messages.
--half-error-line=n
Set the width of first lines of contexts in terminal error messages.
50
Programs
--halt-on-error
Quit after the first error.
--help
Give help and exit.
--hhelp
is closed.
--initialize
Become the INI variant of the compiler.
--interaction=mode
Set the interaction mode. Must be one of batchmode,

nonstopmode, scrollmode and errorstopmode. The
meaning of these modes is the same as the corresponding
commands.
--job-name=name
Set the name of the job (\jobname. This has an affect on the output
file names.
--job-time=file
Set the time-stamp of all output files equal to file's time-stamp.
--lig-table-size=n
Set the maximum number of ligature/kern steps. Must be at least

255 and at most 32510.
--main-memory=n
Change the total size (in memory words) of the main memory array.
Relevant only while creating memory dump files.
--max-print-line=n
Set the width of longest text lines output; should be at least 60.
--max-strings=n
Set the maximum number of strings.
--max-wiggle=n
Set the number of autorounded points per cycle.
--move-size=n
Set the the space for storing moves in a single octant.
--no-c-style-errors
Don't change the way, error messages are printed.
--output-directory=dir
Create output files in dir.

directory=dir.
--param-size=n
Set the the maximum number of simultaneous macro parameters.
--parse-first-line
Check whether the first line of the main input file starts with %&,
and parse if it does. This can be used to specify extra commandline options.
--path-size=n
Set the the maximum number of knots between breakpoints of a

path.
--pool-size=n
Set the maximum number of characters in strings, including all

error messages and help texts, and the names of all fonts and control
sequences.
--quiet
51
This implies --include-
Programs
--recorder
Enable the file name recorder. This leaves a trace of the files opened
for input and output in a file with the extension .fls.
--screen
Enable screen output.
--stack-size=n
Set the maximum number of simultaneous input sources.
--string-vacancies=n
Set the minimum number of characters that should be available

for the user's control sequences and font names, after the compiler's
own error messages are stored. Must be at least 25000 less than
pool_size, but doesn't need to be nearly that large.
--tcx=name
--time-statistics
Show processing time statistics.

--undump=name
Use name as the name of the format to be used, instead of the name
by which the program was called or a
%&
line.
--version
Environment
MFINPUTS
Extra paths to locate METAFONT input and openin files.
See also
The METAFONTbook
ISBN 0-201-13444-6
52
Programs
Name
miktexsetup MiKTeX setup utility
Synopsis
miktexsetup [options] download
miktexsetup [options] install
miktexsetup [options] uninstall
Description
The MiKTeX Setup Utility is used to download, install and uninstall MiKTeX. This utility is the command
line counterpart of the MiKTeX Setup Wizard (see setupwiz(1)), i.e., it is suitable for unattended setup
tasks.
The download task creates a local package package repository which is a mirror of the remote package
repository. It is possible to run the task on a regular basis in order to maintain an up-to-date package
repository.
The install task installs MiKTeX from the local package repository.
The uninstall task removes MiKTeX.
Options
--common-config=dir
Set the location of the common configuration directory. This option

requires administrator privileges.
--common-data=dir
Set the location of the common data directory. This option requires
administrator privileges.
--common-install=dir
Set the common installation directory. This option requires

--common-roots=dirs
Register additional directories for all users. dirs must be a

semicolon-separated list of fully qualified path names. This option
Environment variables (<VARNAME>) can be used.
--list-repositories
Download the list of known package repository URLs from the

project server, then print the list.
--local-packagerepository=dir
Download into (install from) the specified directory.
--modify-path
Add MiKTeX to PATH.
--modify-path=no
Don't add MiKTeX to PATH.
--modify-path
Add MiKTeX to PATH.
--package-set=set
Download/Install the specified package set. This must be one of

essential, basic, complete.
53
Programs
--print-info-only
Print information about what would be done then exit.
--program-folder=name
Add shortcuts to the specified program folder.
--quiet
--remote-packagerepository=url
Download from the specified URL. Use --listrepositories to download an up-to-date list of possible
repositories.
--shared
Run the task for all users. This option requires administrator
privileges.
--shared=no
Run the task for current user only.

--use-registry
Write configuration settings into the Windows registry.
--use-registry=no
Don't write configuration settings into the Windows registry. Use

configuration files instead.
--user-config=dir
Set the location of the configuration directory for the current user.
Environment variables (<VARNAME>) can be used. See the
example below.
--user-data=dir
Set the location of the data directory for the current user.
example below.
--user-install=dir
Set the user installation directory.

example below.
--user-roots=dirs
Register additional directories for the current user. dirs must be

a semicolon-separated list of fully qualified path names.
--verbose
Turn on verbose output mode.
--version
Examples
Downloading
The first task is to download MiKTeX into a local package repository:
C:\> miktexsetup ^
--verbose ^
54
Programs
--local-package-repository=C:\miktex-repository ^
--package-set=complete ^
download
This command will create a local package repository in C:\miktex-repository.
It is possible to interrupt (Control+C) this operation at anytime and resume it later by running the same
command again.
Installing for all users

In this example, MiKTeX is installed for all users from the local package repository C:\miktexrepository. User directories are specified by using environment variables (<VARNAME>) which are
expanded at run-time (delayed expansion).
You can first specify --print-info-only in order to perform a dry run:
C:\> miktexsetup ^
--verbose ^
--local-package-repository=C:\miktex-repository ^
--shared ^
--user-config="<APPDATA>\MiKTeX\2.9" ^
--user-data="<LOCALAPPDATA>\MiKTeX\2.9" ^
--user-install=<APPDATA>\MiKTeX\2.9" ^
--print-info-only
install
setup task: install from local package repository
local package repository: C:\miktex-repository
package level: complete
install for all users?: yes
use registry?: yes
modify path?: yes
common install root: "C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9"
user install root: <APPDATA>\MiKTeX\2.9
user config root: <LOCALAPPDATA>\MiKTeX\2.9
user data root: <APPDATA>\MiKTeX\2.9
program folder name: "MiKTeX 2.9"
Uninstalling
MiKTeX can be removed by selecting the uninstall task. --shared should be specified, if MiKTeX
is installed for all users.
C:\> miktexsetup --verbose --shared uninstall
55
Programs
Name
miktex-tools experimental TeX additions
Description
MiKTeX Tools should be regarded as an addition to the host TeX system installed on your system.
The following utilities are included:
miktex-pdftex: MiKTeX implementation of the pdfTeX engine
mpm: MiKTeX Package Manager
mthelp: MiKTeX Help Utility
System-wide configuration
In order to configure MiKTeX Tools for your system, you run the MiKTeX configuration utility (initexmf)
and the MiKTeX package manager (mpm):
sudo initexmf --admin --configure

sudo mpm --admin --update-db
This is what happens:
The TEXMF trees of the host TeX system are collected; the information is written to /var/lib/
miktex-texmf/miktex/config/miktexstartup.ini
the system-wide file name database is created
the package database is downloaded from the MiKTeX package repository
Per-user configuration
Once you have configured MiKTeX Tools for the system, each user should create the per-user file name
database:
initexmf --update-fndb
Without this step, the on-the-fly package installer will not work.
MiKTeX-pdfTeX
MiKTeX-pdfTeX is an alternative pdfTeX engine. The engine features integrated package management,
i.e., missing packages will be installed on the-fly (after confirmation).
You invoke MiKTeX-pdfTeX as follows:
miktex-pdftex --undump=latex sample2e

The --undump option must be used to specify the format. See the miktex-pdftex reference page, for
more information.
56
Programs
If you prefer shortcuts, you can create symbolic links to the MiKTeX-pdfTeX engine:
mkdir ~/bin
cd ~/bin
ln -s /usr/bin/miktex-pdftex latex
ln -s /usr/bin/miktex-pdftex pdflatex
PATH=~/bin:$PATH
Then you can invoke the engine in the usual way:
pdflatex sample2e
Of course, you can replace ~/bin with a more suitable directory.
Using the MiKTeX package manager

MPM (MiKTeX Package Manager) was originally intended to be a tool for MiKTeX users. But the
program can be helpful for users of other TeX systems too, because many of the MiKTeX packages are
system-independent.
There are two variants of the package manager: GUI and console. Run
mpm
to start the GUI variant of the package manager. You will be presented with a list of packages.
The rest of this section describes the console variant of the package manager.
To list the contents of the package database, run
mpm --list
To get detailed information about a package, run
mpm --print-package-info=package
If you want to install a package, run
mpm --install=package
Using the mthelp utility

The mthelp utility can be used to lookup package documentation.
Run
mthelp package
to view an HTML page wich contains links to the documentation files of a package.
57
Programs
Caveats
The integrated package manager installs packages in the user home directory under ~/miktex-texmf/.
A better approach would be to enhance the auto-install dialog box:
1. add a new check box: Install package in /usr/share/miktex-texmf
2. A password dialog pops up, if the user has chosen to install the package in the /usr/ directory.
3. the package manager is run with root privileges, if the the user entered the root password.
This will be implemented in one of the next beta releases.
See also
initexmf(1), miktex-pdftex(1), mpm(1), mthelp(1)
58
Programs
Name
mpm MiKTeX package manager
Synopsis
mpm [option...]
Description
MPM (MiKTeX Package Manager) is used to install packages from a MiKTeX package repository.
MPM was originally intended to be a tool for MiKTeX users. But the program can be helpful for users of
other TeX systems too, because many of the MiKTeX packages are system-independent.
Two variants
The package manager can be run in two modes:
batch
MPM is driven by command-line options.
windowed
MPM shows a package list view with standard GUI controls (such as tool bar buttons and
command menus).
MPM starts in windowed mode, if you do not specify any command-line options.
Options
--admin
Run in administrative mode.
--find-updates
Test the package repository for updates, then print the list of
updateable packages.
--help
Give help and exit.
--hhelp
is closed.
--import=PACKAGE
Import the specified package from another MiKTeX installation.
The root directory must be specified via --repository=DIR.
--import-all
Import all packages from another MiKTeX installation. The root
directory must be specified via --repository=DIR.
--install=package
Install the specified package.
--install-some=file
59
Programs
Install packages listed (line-by-line) in the specified file.

--list
List the contents of the package database: for each package, print
the installation status, the number of files, the size, and the name.
--list-repositories
Download the list of known package repository URLs from the

project server, then print the list.
--pick-repository-url
Pick up a suitable URL from the package repository list and print it.
--print-packageinfo=package
Print detailed information about the specified package.
--quiet
--repository=location
Use the specified location as the package repository. The location

can be either a fully qualified path name (a local package
repository) or an URL (a remote package repository). You can
use the --list-repositories to retrieve a list of working
package repository URLs.
--repository-releasestate=state
Select the release state of the remote package repository. The

release state is relevant for finding appropriate package repositories
(--list-repositories, --pick-repository-url).
--setrepository=location
This option is only available on Windows systems: permanently

register the location of the default package repository in the user
area of the Windows Registry. The location can be either a fully
qualified path name (a local package repository) or an URL (a
remote package repository).
--uninstall=package
Uninstall the specified package.
--update=[package]
Update the specified package, if an updated version is available in
the package repository. Update all installed packages, if package
is omitted.
--update-db
Synchronize the local package database with the package
repository.
--update-some=file
Update packages listed (line-by-line) in the specified file.
--verify
Verify the integrity of all installed packages.
--verify=package
Verify the integrity of the specified package.
60
Programs
Turn on verbose output mode.
--verbose
--version
Installation Destination
All files are installed in the TEXMF installation directory (usually C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9). It may
be necessary to specify the location of the installation directory, if you are running MPM as a standalone
program, i.e., if MiKTeX is not the TeX system.
The --install-root option allows you to set the installation directory for one invocation of MPM.
Package Database
All package information is retrieved from the package database, which must have been properly installed
by running MPM with the --update-db option.
Examples
Print the list of known package repository URLs:
C:\> mpm --list-repositories
Retrieve the package database files from the FTP server some.server:
C:\> mpm --repository=ftp://some.server/miktex/packages/ \
--verbose --update-db
Print information about package a0poster:
C:\> mpm --print-package-info a0poster
Install package a0poster:
C:\> mpm --verbose --install a0poster
Update all installed packages:
C:\> mpm --verbose --update
Print the list of installed packages:
C:\> mpm --list | grep ^i
Environment
http_proxy
The proxy server to be used for HTTP.
FTP_PROXY
The proxy server to be used for FTP.
ALL_PROXY
The proxy server to be used, if no protocol-specific proxy is set.
NO_PROXY
Comma-separated list of host names that should not go through any proxy.
61
Programs
See also
MiKTeX Project Page [http://miktex.org]
62
Programs
Name
mpost MetaPost, a system for drawing pictures
Synopsis
mpost [option...] [[command...] | [file]]
Description
MetaPost (installed as mpost) reads a series of pictures specified in the MetaPost programming language,
and outputs corresponding PostScript code.
Like TeX and METAFONT, MetaPost is normally used with a large body of precompiled macros. This
version of MetaPost looks at its command line to see what name it was called under. Both inimpost and
virmpost are aliases for the mpost executable. When called as inimpost (or when the --initialize
option is given) it can be used to precompile macros into a .mem file. When called as virmpost it will
use the plain mem. When called under any other name, MetaPost will use that name as the name of the
mem to use. For example, when called as mpost the mpost mem is used, which is identical to the plain
mem. Other mems than plain are rarely used.
The commands given on the command line to the MetaPost program are passed to it as the first input line.
(But it is often easier to type extended arguments as the first input line, since shells tend to gobble up or
misinterpret MetaPost's favorite symbols, like semicolons, unless you quote them.) The first line should
begin with a filename, a \controlsequence, or a &basename.
The normal usage is to say mpost figs to process the file figs.mp. The basename of figs becomes
the jobname, and is used in forming output file names. If no file is named, the jobname becomes mpout.
The default extension, .mp, can be overridden by specifying an extension explicitly.
Options
--alias=app

--aux-directory=dir
--c-style-errors
--disable-installer

--disable-pipes
with %&.
--enable-installer

63
Programs
--enable-pipes
--halt-on-error
--help
Give help and exit.
--hhelp
is closed.
--initialize
--interaction=mode

commands.
--job-name=name
file names.
--job-time=file
--no-c-style-errors

directory=dir.
--parse-first-line
--quiet
--recorder
--tcx=name
-tex=texprogram
Use texprogram instead of tex when compiling text labels.
This flag overrides the environment variable TEX.
--time-statistics

--undump=name
64
Programs
%&
line.
--version
Environment
MFINPUTS
MPINPUTS
Extra paths to locate MetaPost input files.
See also
AT&T technical report CSTR-162
Run mthelp mpman
65
Programs
Name
mthelp MiKTeX help utility
Synopsis
mthelp [option...] {name...}
Description
mthelp is a utility to lookup TeX package documentation.
mthelp creates an HTML page which contains a short description of the package together with links to all
documentation files. An HTML viewer is started to view the page.
You can use the --view to bypass the intermediate HTML file.
name should be the name of a package in the TeX distribution.
Options
--list-only
List documentation files, but do not start a viewer.
--print-only
Print the command that would be executed to view the documentation, but do not start
the command.
--quiet
--version
--view
Open the main documenation file in a viewer.
Environment
MIKTEX_VIEW_dvi
DVI viewer.
MIKTEX_VIEW_pdf
PDF viewer.
MIKTEX_VIEW_ps
PostScript viewer.
MIKTEX_VIEW_html
HTML viewer.
MIKTEX_VIEW_txt
Text viewer.
The environment variables should be set with a %f as a placeholder for the name of the file. For example:
C:\> MIKTEX_VIEW_pdf="gv %f"
Files
The intermediate HTML file (package.html) is stored in the directory miktex/mthelp relative to
the data TEXMF root.
66
Programs
See also
MiKTeX Project Page [http://www.miktex.org]
67
Programs
Name
mtprint MiKTeX print utility
Synopsis
mtprint [option...] file...
Description
mtprint sends TeX output files to a printing device.
Options
--even-only
Prints only even TeX pages.
--landscape
Selects landscape output format.
--odd-only
Prints only odd TeX pages.
--page-range=range
Selects a TeX page range (e.g., 2021). Multiple --page-range
options accumulate
--print-method=method
Selects a print method. One of
psbmp
This method uses Dvips and Ghostscript to produce the print

output.
ps
This method uses Dvips to produce an intermediate PostScript

file which will be sent to the printer. This only works for
PostScript printers.
--print-nothing
Simulates printing.
--printer=printer
Selects a printing device. The default printer is used, if this option is
omitted.
68
Programs
Name
omega extended unicode TeX
Synopsis
omega [option...] [[file] | [\command...]]
Description
Omega is a 16-bit enhanced version of TeX.
Options
--alias=app

--aux-directory=dir
--buf-size=n

with a small value.
--c-style-errors
--disable-installer

--disable-pipes
--disable-write18
with %&.
--enable-installer

--enable-pipes
--enable-write18
--error-line=n
--extra-mem-bot=n
Set the extra size (in memory words) for large data structures like
boxes, glue, breakpoints, et al. Relevant only after the memory
dump file has been read.
69
Programs
--extra-mem-top=n
Set the extra size (in memory words) for chars, tokens, et al.
Relevant only after the memory dump file has been read.
--half-error-line=n
--halt-on-error
--help
Give help and exit.
--hhelp
is closed.
--initialize
--interaction=mode

commands.
--job-name=name
file names.
--job-time=file
--main-memory=n
--max-in-open=n
Set the maximum number of input files and error insertions that
can be going on simultaneously.
--max-print-line=n
--max-strings=n
--enable-mltex
Enable MLTeX extensions such as \charsubdef.
--nest-size=n
Set the maximum number of semantic levels simultaneously active.
--no-c-style-errors

directory=dir.
--param-size=n
--parse-first-line
--pool-size=n

sequences.
70
Programs
--quiet
--recorder
--save-size=n
Set the the amount of space for saving values outside of current
group.
--src-specials
Embed source file information (source specials) in the DVI file.
--stack-size=n

--tcx=name
--time-statistics

--trie-op-size=n
Set the amount of space for opcodes in the hyphenation patterns.
--trie-size=n
Set the amount of space for hyphenation patterns.
--undump=name
%&
line.
--version
See also
Draft documentation for the Omega
system
Run mthelp omega-manual
71
Programs
Name
miktex-pdftex DVI/PDF output from TeX
Synopsis
miktex-pdftex [option...] [[file] | [\command...]]
Description
Run the pdfTeX typesetter on file, usually creating file.pdf. If the file argument has no extension,
.tex will be appended to it. Instead of a file name, a set of pdfTeX commands can be given, the first of
which must start with a backslash.
pdfTeX is a version of TeX that can create PDF files as well as DVI files.
In PDF mode, pdfTeX can natively handle the PDF, JPG, and PNG graphics formats.
Options
--alias=app

--aux-directory=dir
--buf-size=n

with a small value.
--c-style-errors
--disable-installer

--disable-pipes
--disable-write18
with %&.
--draftmode
Switch on draft mode (generates no output).
--enable-enctex
Enable encTeX extensions such as \mubyte.
--enable-etex
72
Programs
Enable eTeX extensions.

--enable-installer

--enable-mltex
--enable-pipes
--enable-write18
--error-line=n
--extra-mem-bot=n
--extra-mem-top=n
--font-max=n
Set the maximum internal font number.
--font-mem-size=n
Set the size, in TeX memory words, of the font memory.
--half-error-line=n
--halt-on-error
--hash-extra=n
Set the extra space for the hash table of control sequences (which
allows 10K names as distributed).
--help
Give help and exit.
--initialize
--interaction=mode

commands.
--job-name=name
file names.
--job-time=file
--main-memory=n
--max-in-open=n
--max-print-line=n
--max-strings=n
73
Programs
--nest-size=n
--no-c-style-errors

directory=dir.
--output-format=format
Set the output format.
--param-size=n
--parse-first-line
--pool-size=n

sequences.
--quiet
--recorder
--restrict-write18
--save-size=n
group.
--src-specials
--stack-size=n

--synctex=n
Generate SyncTeX data for previewers if nonzero.
--tcx=name
--time-statistics

--trie-size=n
--undump=name
%&
line.
74
Programs
--version
Files
pdftex.cfg
The MiKTeX-pdfTeX configuration file.
Environment
TEXINPUTS
Extra paths to locate TeX \input and \openin files.
TFMFONTS
Extra paths to locate TeX font metric files
See also
The pdfTeX user manual (A4
version)
Run mthelp pdftex-a
75
Programs
Name
setupwiz MiKTeX setup wizard
Synopsis
basic-miktex-2.9.xxxx.exe [options]
setup-2.9.xxxx.exe [options]
Description
MiKTeX Setup Wizard is used to install MiKTeX.
There a two instances of the installer:
Basic MiKTeX Installer (basicmiktex-2.9.xxxx.exe)
Basic MiKTeX Installer is used to set up a basic MiKTeX system.

All required resources are embedded in the installer, i.e., nothing
else needs to be downloaded from the Internet.
MiKTeX Net Installer

(setup-2.9.xxxx.exe)
MiKTeX Net Installer is used to set up a complete MiKTeX system.

In a first step, all required resources will be downloaded from the
Internet. In a second step, a complete MiKTeX system is installed.
Both installers read command-line options from the file setupwiz.opt, if it exists.
Options
--allow-unattendedreboot
Restart the system, if necessary.
--common-config=dir
Set the location of the common configuration directory. This option

--common-data=dir
Set the location of the common data directory. This option requires
--common-install=dir
Set the common installation directory. This option requires

--common-roots=dirs
Register additional directories for all users. dirs must be a

semicolon-separated list of fully qualified path names. This option
--download-only
Download all required packages, but do not otherwise install

MiKTeX.
--dry-run
Simulate. No files shall be downloaded and/or installed.
--install-from-localrepository
Install MiKTeX from a directory (to be specified with the -local-package-repository option).
--local-packagerepository=dir
Download into (Install from) the specified directory.
76
Programs
--no-additional-roots
Do not integrate additional TEXMF root directories into the

MiKTeX setup.
--no-registry
Do not store path information in the Windows Registry but write

the startup configuration file (miktexstartup.ini).
--package-set=set
Download/Install the specified package set. This must be one of

basic, complete.
--portable
Setup MiKTeX Portable.
--private
Install MiKTeX for the current user only.
--program-folder=name
Add shortcuts to the specified program folder.
--remote-packagerepository=url
Download from the specified the URL.
--shared
Install MiKTeX for everyone using this computer. This option

--unattended
Run in unattended mode.
--user-config=dir
Set the location of the configuration directory for the current user.
example below.
--user-data=dir
Set the location of the data directory for the current user.
example below.
--user-install=dir
Set the user installation directory.

example below.
--user-roots=dirs
Register additional directories for the current user. dirs must be

a semicolon-separated list of fully qualified path names.
Examples
In this example, MiKTeX is installed from a network share (\\server\miktex\repository). User
directories are specified by using environment variables (<VARNAME>) which are expanded at run-time.
C:\> setupwiz --install-from-local-repository ^
--local-package-repository=\\server\miktex\repository ^
--package-set=complete ^
--shared ^
--user-config=^<APPDATA^>\MiKTeX\2.9 ^
--user-data=^<LOCALAPPDATA^>\MiKTeX\2.9 ^
--user-install=^<APPDATA^>\MiKTeX\2.9
77
Programs
Name
tex TeX
Synopsis
tex [option...] [[file] | [\command...]]
Description
TeX formats the interspersed text and commands contained in the named files and outputs a typesetter
independent file (called DVI, which is short for DeVice Independent). TeX's capabilities and language are
described in The TeXbook. TeX is normally used with a large body of precompiled macros, and there are
several specific formatting systems, such as LaTeX, which require the support of several macro files.
TeX looks at its command-line to see what name it was called under. Both initex and virtex are linked to
the tex executable. When called as initex (or when the -initialize option is given) it can be used to
precompile macros into a .fmt file. When called as virtex it will use the plain format. When called under
any other name, TeX will use that name as the name of the format to use. For example, when called as tex
the tex format is used, which is identical to the plain format. The commands defined by the plain format
are documented in The TeXbook. Other formats that are often available include latex and amstex.
The commands given on the command-line to the TeX program are passed to it as the first input line.
(But it is often easier to type extended arguments as the first input line, since shells tend to gobble up
or misinterpret TeX's favorite symbols, like backslashes, unless you quote them.) As described in The
TeXbook, that first line should begin with a file name, a \controlsequence, or a &formatname.
The normal usage is to say
tex paper
to start processing paper.tex. The name paper will be the job name, and is used in forming output
file names. If TeX doesn't get a file name in the first line, the job name is texput. When looking for a file,
TeX looks for the name with and without the default extension (.tex) appended, unless the name already
contains that extension. If paper is the job name, a log of error messages, with rather more detail than
normally appears on the screen, will appear in paper.log, and the output file will be in paper.dvi.
TeX will look in the first line of the file paper.tex to see if it begins with the magic sequence %&. If the
first line begins with %&format --translate-file tcxname, then TeX will use the named format
and transation table tcxname to process the source file. Either the format name or the --translatefile specification may be omitted, but not both.
The e response to TeX's error prompt causes the default editor to start up at the current line of the current
file. The configuration value Editor can be used to change the editor used. It may contain a string with
%f indicating where the file name goes and %l indicating where the decimal line number (if any) goes.
A convenient file is null.tex, containing nothing. When TeX can't find a file it thinks you want to
input, it keeps asking you for another file name; responding null gets you out of the loop if you don't
want to input anything. You can also type your EOF character (usually Control+Z).
Options
--alias=app

78
Programs

--aux-directory=dir
--buf-size=n

with a small value.
--c-style-errors
--disable-installer

--disable-pipes
--disable-write18
with %&.
--enable-enctex
Enable encTeX extensions such as \mubyte.
--enable-installer

--enable-mltex
--enable-pipes
--enable-write18
--error-line=n
--extra-mem-bot=n
--extra-mem-top=n
--font-max=n
--font-mem-size=n
--half-error-line=n
--halt-on-error

79
Programs
--hash-extra=n
--help
Give help and exit.
--initialize
--interaction=mode

commands.
--job-name=name
file names.
--job-time=file
--main-memory=n
--max-in-open=n
--max-print-line=n
--max-strings=n
--nest-size=n
--no-c-style-errors

directory=dir.
--param-size=n
--parse-first-line
--pool-size=n

sequences.
--quiet
--recorder
--restrict-write18
--save-size=n
group.
80
Programs
--src-specials
--stack-size=n

--tcx=name
--time-statistics

--trie-size=n
--undump=name
%&
line.
--version
Aliases
initex
Equivalent to tex -ini.
virtex
Equivalent to tex.
Environment
TEXINPUTS
TFMFONTS
See Also
The TeXbook
ISBN 0-201-13448-9
See texify(1), for an alternative way to invoke TeX.
81
Programs
Name
texify MiKTeX compiler driver
Synopsis
texify [option...] file...
Description
texify runs Texinfo or LaTeX input files through tex (pdftex) in turn until all cross-references are resolved,
building all indices.
The directory containing each file is searched for included files. The suffix of file is used to determine
its language (LaTeX or Texinfo).
makeinfo is used to perform Texinfo macro expansion before running tex when needed.
Options
-@
Use @input (instead of \input); for preloaded Texinfo.
--batch, -b
No interaction.
--clean, -c
Remove all auxiliary files.
--expand, -e
Force macro expansion using makeinfo.
-I dir
Search dir for input files.
--help, -h
Display help and exit successfully.
--language=lang, -l
lang
Specify the language of input files: either latex or texinfo.
--max-iterations=n
Limits the number of iterations to prevent endless processing. The
default for n is 5.
--mkidx-option=option
Pass option to the index generator.
--pdf, -p
Use pdftex (or pdflatex) for processing.
--quiet, -q, --silent, -s
No screen output unless errors plies --batch).
--run-viewer
Run a viewer on the resulting DVI (PDF) file.
--src
Pass --src-specials to the TeX compiler.
82
Programs
--texinfo=cmd, -t=cmd
Insert cmd after @setfilename in copy of input file. Multiple
values accumulate.
--tex-option=option
Pass option to the compiler.
--verbose, -V
Print information on what is being done.
--version, -v
Display version information and exit successfully.
--viewer-option=option
Pass option to the viewer.
Environment Variables
The values of the BIBTEX, LATEX (or PDFLATEX), MAKEINDEX, MAKEINFO, TEX (or PDFTEX), and
TEXINDEX environment variables are used to run those commands, if they are set.
Aliases
tex2dvi
Equivalent to texify.
83
Programs
Name
xetex Unicode-based TeX engine
Synopsis
xetex [option...] [[file] | [\command...]]
Description
Run the XeTeX typesetter on file, usually creating file.pdf. If the file argument has no extension,
.tex will be appended to it. Instead of a file name, a set of XeTeX commands can be given, the first of
which must start with a backslash.
XeTeX has simple font installation; it can use any installed fonts in the operating system without
configuring TeX font metric. As a result, XeTeX can access font features such as special ligatures and
variable font weights.
Options
--alias=app

--aux-directory=dir
--buf-size=n

with a small value.
--c-style-errors
--disable-installer

--disable-pipes
--disable-write18
with %&.
--enable-etex
Enable eTeX extensions.
--enable-installer

84
Programs
--enable-mltex
--enable-pipes
--enable-write18
--error-line=n
--extra-mem-bot=n
--extra-mem-top=n
--font-max=n
--font-mem-size=n
--half-error-line=n
--halt-on-error
--hash-extra=n
--help
Give help and exit.
--initialize
--interaction=mode

commands.
--job-name=name
file names.
--job-time=file
--main-memory=n
--max-in-open=n
--max-print-line=n
--max-strings=n
--nest-size=n
--no-c-style-errors
--no-pdf
Generate XDV (extended DVI) output rather than PDF

85
Programs

directory=dir.
--output-driver=cmd
Use cmd as the XDV-to-PDF driver instead of xdvipdfmx.
--papersize=string
Set PDF media size to string.
--param-size=n
--parse-first-line
--pool-size=n

sequences.
--quiet
--recorder
--restrict-write18
--save-size=n
group.
--src-specials
--stack-size=n

--synctex=n
Generate SyncTeX data for previewers if nonzero.
--time-statistics

--trie-size=n
--undump=name
%&
line.
--version
86
Programs
Environment
TEXINPUTS
TFMFONTS
See also
The XeTeX reference guide
Run mthelp xetexref
87
Chapter 4. Files
88
Files
Name
pdftex.cfg configuration Settings for pdfTeX
Description
pdfTeX configurations settings are read from the file pdftex.cfg when a format file is being created
by pdfTeX.
Caution
Do not edit this file directly. Run initexmf --edit-config-file pdftex.cfg to edit
configuration settings for pdfTeX.
Instructions
This section is borrowed from the pdfTeX manual.
A typical pdftex.cfg file looks like this, setting up output for A4 paper size and the standard TeX
offset of 1 inch:
compress_level 9
decimal_digits 3
horigin 1 true in
vorigin 1 true in
image_resolution 300
move_chars 1
output_format 1
page_width 210 true mm
page_height 297 true mm
pdf_minorversion 4
pk_resolution 600
The configuration file sets default values for these parameters, and they all can be overridden in the TeX
source file. Dimensions can be specified as true, which makes them immune for magnification (when
set).
compress_level
This integer parameter specifies the level of text and in||line

graphics compression. pdfTeX uses Zip compression. A value of 0
means no compression, 1 means fastest, 9 means best, 2..8 means
something in between. Just set this value to 9, unless there is a
good reason to do otherwise; 0 is great for testing macros that use
\pdfliteral.
decimal_digits
This integer specifies the preciseness of real numbers in PDF page

descriptions. It gives the maximal number of decimal digits after
the decimal point of real numbers. Valid values are in range 0..5. A
higher value means more precise output, but also results in a much
larger file size and more time to display or print. In most cases the
optimal value is 2. This parameter does not influence the precision
of numbers used in raw PDF code, like that used in \pdfliteral and
annotation action specifications.
horigin & vorigin
These dimension parameters can be used to set the offset of the TeX
output box from the top left corner of the paper.
89
Files
image_resolution
When pdfTeX is not able to determine the natural dimensions of

an image, it assumes a resolution of type 72 dots per inch. Use this
variable to change this default value.
move_chars
Although PDF output is claimed to be portable, especially when all

font information is included in the file, problems with printing and
viewing have a persistent nature. Moving the characters in range 0
31 sometimes helps a lot. When set to 1, characters are only moved
when a font has less than 128 glyphs, when set to 2 higher slots are
used too.
output_format
This integer parameter specifies whether the output format should

be DVI or PDF. A positive value means PDF output, otherwise we
get DVI output.
page_width & page_height
These two dimension parameters specify the output medium

dimensions (the paper, screen or whatever the page is put on). If
they are not specified, these values are calculated.
pdf_minorversion
Sets the PDF version of the generated file and the latest allowed
PDF version of included PDFs. The value 3 tells pdfTeX to set the
PDF version to 1.3 and allows only included PDFs with versions
less than 1.3. A suitable default value is 4.
pk_resolution
One can use this entry to specify the resolution for bitmap fonts.
Nowadays most printers are capable to print at least 600 dots per
inch, so this is a reasonable default.
90
Files
Name
updmap.cfg configuration Settings for outline fonts
Description
The configuration file updmap.cfg contains declarative instructions, which will be used to build font
map files.
Caution
Do not edit this file directly. Run initexmf --edit-config-file updmap to edit
configuration settings for outline fonts.
Instructions
updmap.cfg can contain the following instructions:
dvipsPreferOutline value
Specifies whether Dvips prefers bitmap fonts or outline fonts if

both are available. Valid values are true (default) and false.
Independend of this setting, outlines can be forced by putting
p psfonts_t1.map
into a configuration file that Dvips reads. Bitmaps (for the fonts in
question) can be forced by putting
p psfonts_pk.map
into a configuration file. Such configuration files are provided,
which can be enabled via
dvips -Poutline ...
resp.
dvips -Ppk ...
LW35 value
dvipsDownloadBase35
value
Specifies which fonts for the Basic 35 LaserWriter Fonts will be

used and how their file names are chosen. Valid values:
URW
URW fonts with vendor file names

n019064l.pfb).
(e.g.,
URWkb
URW fonts with berry file names

(e.g.,
uhvbo8ac.pfb). URWkb is the default value.
ADOBE
Adobe fonts with vendor file names

hvnbo___.pfb).
(e.g.
ADOBEkb
Adobe fonts with berry file names

phvbo8an.pfb).
(e.g.,
Specifies whether Dvips downloads the standard 35 LaserWriter

fonts with the document. If these fonts are not downloaded, then
91
Files
they must be available in the PostScript printer (interpreter). Valid

values are true and false (default).
Whatever is specified here, the user can override it by specifying
dvips -Pdownload35 ...

resp.
dvips -Pbuiltin35 ...

to either download the LW35 fonts resp. use the build-in fonts.
pdftexDownloadBase14
value
Specifies whether pdfTeX downloads the base 14 PDF fonts. Valid

values are true (default) and false.
Since some configurations (PostScript / PDF tools / printers) use
bad default fonts, it is safer to download the fonts. The PDF files
will get bigger, though.
dvipdfmDownloadBase14
value
Specifies whether Dvipdfm downloads the base 14 PDF fonts.

Valid values are true (default) and false.
Since some configurations (PostScript / PDF tools / printers) use
bad default fonts, it is safer to download the fonts. The PDF files
will get bigger, though.
Map filename
Arranges that the contents of filename will be included in

psfonts.map.
MixedMap filename
Arranges that the contents of filename will be included

in psfonts.map, unless dvipsPreferOutline is set to
false.
Mixed means that the fonts referenced in the file are available as
bitmap and as outline.
92
Chapter 5. Environment variables

BIBINPUTS
Extra paths to locate .bib files.
BSTINPUTS
Extra paths to locate .bst files.
MFINPUTS
MIKTEX_REPOSITORY
Location of the package repository. This can be either a fully qualified path
name (a local package repository) or an URL (a remote package repository).
MIKTEX_TRACE
Comma-separated list of trace stream names (see Chapter 6, Trace Streams).
If this variable is set, then MiKTeX programs will write trace messages into
the DebugView window.
MPINPUTS
Extra paths to locate MetaPost input files.
TEXINPUTS
TFMFONTS
93
Chapter 6. Trace Streams

access
file tests (access(), stat())
config
MiKTeX configuration settings
core
MiKTeX core library
curl
cURL library
dib
device independant bitmaps
dvibitmap
DVI bitmaps
dvicolor
DVI color
dvifile
DVI files
dvigc
DVI garbage collector
dvihypertex
DVI hypertex specials
dvipage
DVI page builder
dvipkbitmap
DVI PK raster operations
dvipkchar
DVI PK characters
dvipkfont
DVI PK fonts
dvisearch
DVI source specials
dvitfm
DVI font metrics
dvivfchar
DVI virtual font characters
dvivfont
DVI virtual fonts
env
environment variables
error
error conditions
extractor
MiKTeX package archive file extractor
files
file operations
filesearch
file searching
fndb
file name database operations
fontinfo
font information retrieval
mem
TeX & Friends memory allocation
mmap
memory mapped files
mpm
package manager
94
Trace Streams
mtprint
MiKTeX print utility
packages
packages
process
execution of secondary processes
tempfile
temporary files
time
execution time
values
configuration values
yap
Yap
95
Chapter 7. TEXMF Run-Time

Parameters
All TeXMF Programs
;; TeX uses the buffer to contain input lines, but macro
;; expansion works by writing material into the buffer and reparsing the
;; line. As a consequence, certain constructs require the buffer to be
;; very large, even though most documents can be handled with a small value.
buf_size=200000
;; Width of context lines on terminal error messages.
error_line=79
;; Extra low memory for boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.
extra_mem_bot=0
;; Extra high memory for chars, tokens, etc.
extra_mem_top=0
;; Width of first lines of contexts in terminal error messages;
;; should be between 30 and (error_line - 15).
half_error_line=50
;; Words of inimemory available.
main_memory=3000000
;; Width of longest text lines output; should be at least 60.
max_print_line=79
;; Maximum number of strings.
max_strings=500000
;; Maximum number of simultaneous macro parameters.
param_size=10000
;; Pool space free after format loaded.
pool_free=47500
;; Max number of characters in all strings, including all
;; error messages, help texts, font names, control sequences.
;; These values apply to TeX and MP.
pool_size=3250000
;; Maximum number of simultaneous input sources.
stack_size=5000
;; Strings available after format loaded.
strings_free=100
96
TEXMF Run-Time Parameters
;; Minimum pool space after TeX/MP's own strings; must be at least

;; 25000 less than pool_size, but doesn't need to be nearly that large.
string_vacancies=90000
All TeX Programs

;; Maximum number of input files and error insertions that can be going
;; on simultaneously.
max_in_open=50
;; Maximum number of semantic levels simultaneously active.
nest_size=500
;; Space for saving values outside current group.
save_size=50000
;; Space for hyphenation patterns.
trie_size=700000
;; Total number of fonts.
font_max=9000
;; Words of font info for TeX (total size of all TFM files, approximately).
font_mem_size=3000000
;; Extra space for the hash table of control sequences (which allows 10K
;; names as distributed).
hash_extra=200000
;; Prime number of hyphenation exceptions.
hyph_size=8191
Omega
ocp_buf_size=500000
ocp_listinfo_size=1000
ocp_list_list_size=1000
ocp_lstack_size=1000
ocp_stack_size=10000
trie_op_size=35111
pdfTeX
pdf_mem_size=10000
obj_tab_size=1000
dest_names_size=131072
pdf_os_buf_size=1
METAFONT & MetaPost

;; Size of stack for bisection algorithms;
97
TEXMF Run-Time Parameters
;; should probably be left at this value.

bistack_size=1500
;; Maximum number of ligature/kern steps, must be
;; at least 255 and at most 32510.
lig_table_size=15000
;; Maximum number of knots between breakpoints of a path.
path_size=10000
METAFONT
;; Number of autorounded points per cycle.
max_wiggle=1000
;; Space for storing moves in a single octant.
move_size=20000
MetaPost
;; Number of words for TFM information for text fonts.
font_mem_size=10000
98
--job-time=file, 51, 64, 70, 73, 80, 85

--label-font=font, 46
--landscape, 68
--language=lang, 82
--lib-table-size=n, 51
--list, 60
--list-modes, 47
--logo-font=font, 46
--mag=mag, 36
--main-memory=n, 51, 70, 73, 80, 85
--max-in-open=n, 70, 73, 80, 85
--max-pages=n, 36
--max-print-line=n, 51, 70, 73, 80, 85
--max-strings=n, 51, 70, 73, 80, 85
--max-wiggle=n, 51
--min-crossrefs=n, 34
--mkidx-option=option, 82
--mklinks, 47
--mkmaps, 48
--move-size=n, 51
--must-exist, 43
--nest-size=n, 70, 74, 80, 85
--no-c-style-errors, 51, 64, 70, 74, 80, 85
--no-file-line-error, 51, 64, 70, 74, 80, 85
--no-file-line-error-style, 51, 64, 70, 74, 80, 85
--no-pdf,
--no-registry, 77
--no-shell-escape,
,
,
,
--odd-only, 68
--output-directory=dir, 10, 51, 64, 70, 74, 80, 86
--output-driver=cmd,
--output-format=format,
--overflow-label-offset=real, 46
--page-range=range, 68
--page-start=page-spec, 36
--papersize=string,
--param-size=n, 51, 70, 74, 80, 86
--parse-first-line, 51, 64, 70, 74, 80, 86
--path-size=n, 51
--pdf, 82
--pool-size=n, 51, 70, 74, 80, 86
--print-method=method, 68
--print-nothing, 68
--print-only, 48
--print-package-info=package, 60
--printer=printer, 68
--quiet, 8,
, 48,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, 82,
--record-package-usages=file, 7, 35, 36, 46, 52, 64, 71,
74, 80, 86
--recorder, 52, 64, 71, 74, 80, 86
--register-root, 48
--report, 48
--restrict-write18, 74, 80, 86
Index
Symbols
--admin, 47, 59
--alias=app, 34, 36, 43, 45, 50, 63, 69, 72, 78, 84
--aux-directory=dir, 10, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
--batch, 82
--bistack-size=n, 50
--buf-size=n, 50, 69, 72, 79, 84
--c-style-errors, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
--clean, 82
--configure, 47
--disable-installer, 7, 34, 36, 45, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
--disable-pipes, 34, 36, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
--disable-write18, 69, 72, 79, 84
--dont-parse-first-line, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
--draftmode,
--dump, 47
--edit-config-file=file, 47
--enable-enctex, 72, 79
--enable-etex, 72, 84
--enable-installer, 7, 34, 36, 45, 50, 63, 69, 73, 79, 84
--enable-mltex, 70, 73, 79, 85
--enable-pipes, 11, 34, 36, 50, 64, 69, 73, 79, 85
--enable-write18, 10, 69, 73, 79, 85
--error-line=n, 50, 69, 73, 79, 85
--even-only, 68
--expand, 82
--extra-mem-bot=n, 69, 73, 79, 85
--extra-mem-top=n, 70, 73, 79, 85
--file-line-error, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
--file-line-error-style, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
--file-type=filetype, 43
--find-updates, 59
--font-max=n, 73, 79, 85
--font-mem-size=n, 73, 79, 85
--force, 47
--gray-font=font, 45
--half-error=n, 50, 70, 73, 79, 85
--halt-on-error, 51, 64, 70, 73, 79, 85
--hash-extra=n, 73, 80, 85
--help, 34, 36, 43, 45, 51, 59, 64, 70, 73, 80, 82, 85
--hhelp, 34, 36, 45, 51, 59, 64, 70
--import-all, 59
--import=package, 59
--include-directory=dir, 9, 34, 36, 46, 51, 64, 70, 73, 80,
85
--initialize, 51, 64, 70, 73, 80, 85
--install-some=file, 59
--install=package, 59
--interaction=mode, 51, 64, 70, 73, 80, 85
--job-name=name, 8, 51, 64, 70, 73, 80, 85
99
Index
--run-viewer, 82
--save-size=n, 71, 74, 80, 86
--screen, 52
--select=sel, 37
--set-repository=location, 60
--shell-escape,
,
,
,
--shell-restricted,
,
,
--show-path=filetype, 43
--src, 82
--src-specials, 9, 71, 74, 81, 86
--stack-size=n, 52, 71, 74, 81, 86
--start, 43
--string-vacancies=n, 52, 71, 74, 81, 86
--synctex=n, 74, 86
--tcx=name, 52, 64, 71, 74, 81
--tex-option=option, 83
--texinfo=cmd, 83
--the-name-of-the-game=name, 43
--time-statistics, 52, 64, 71, 74, 81, 86
--trace=tracestreams, 35, 37, 46, 52, 54, 60, 64, 71, 74,
81, 86
--translate-file=name,
,
,
,
,
--trie-op-size=n, 71
--trie-size=n, 71, 74, 81, 86
--undump=name, 52, 64, 71, 74, 81, 86
--uninstall=package, 60
--unregister-root, 48
--update-db, 60
--update-fndb, 48
--update-some=file, 60
--update=package, 60
--verbose, 48,
, 83
--verify, 60
--verify=package, 60
--version, 35, 37, 43, 46, 48, 52, 54, 61, 65, 66, 71, 75,
81, 83, 86
--viewer-option=option, 83
-max-iterations=n, 82
-slant-font=font, 46
-src, 71, 74, 74, 81, 86, 86
-tex=texprogram, 64
-title-font=font, 46
.aux (auxiliary file), 34
.bbl, 34
.bbl (bibliography file), 34
.bib (bibliographic database), 34
.bst (bibliography style file), 34
.dvi (DVI file), 38
8-bit characters, 11
\write18 (run a program from within TeX), 10,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
A
accented character, 11
ADOBE fonts, 91
automatic package installation, 7
auxiliary files
removing, 13
specifying the directory for, 10
B
BIBINPUTS, 35, 93
bibliography
creation, 34
BibTeX
invoked by texify, 12
BSTINPUTS, 35, 93
C
CD-R
installing updates, 17
character translation files, 11
Cork encoding and ISO input, 12
cross-references
minimum number required, 35
resolving, 12
D
DVD-R
obtaining, 4
running MiKTeX from the, 4
DVI search, 13
E
edit-compile-view-edit cycle, 8
error messages
C-style, 8
C/C++ style, 50, 63, 69, 72, 79, 84
line width, 50, 69, 73, 79, 85
extra_mem_bot, 30
F
FAQ (frequently asked questions), 5
file name database
defined, 14
refreshing, 14
file name datasbase
refreshing,
font_mem_size, 30
format files
creating,
G
gftodvi, 38
100
Index
give back, 4
H
hyphenation patterns
selecting, 15
MLTeX, 11
modes.mf, 49
MPINPUTS, 65, 93
mthelp, 4
Outline fonts
psfonts.map, 28
output file name
changing the, 8
Knuth
Donald E., 3
international characters, 11
L
languages
selecting, 15
LaTeX
local additions
intergrating, 21
local guide, 7
long file names
quoting of, 9
M
mailing list
archive, 4
main_memory, 30
MakeIndex
memory dump files
creating,
defined, 29
defining new, 29
METAFONT
modes,
MFINPUTS, 52, 65, 93
MiKTeX
downloading, 4
DVD-R, 4
features, 3
getting, 4
how to pronounce, 3
registering, 4
uninstalling, 6
updating, 16
MiKTeX DVD-R, 4
MiKTeX project
how to support the, 4
MiKTeX Project Page, 4
MiKTeX update wizard (see update wizard)
MIKTEX_REPOSITORY, 93
MIKTEX_TRACE, 93
package management, 28
package set, 53, 77
packages
automatic installation of, 20
finding out usages, 7
installing, 28, 28
searching for, 29
updating, 16
paper format
setting, 15
paper size
changing, 90
PDF
distilling into, 42
pdfLaTeX
PostScript
converting TeX output into, 38
PostScript Type 1 fonts
psfonts.map, 28
private installation, 77
project page, 4
psfonts.map, 41
creating, 28,
Q
quoted file names, 9
R
registration, 4
Remove MiKTeX Wizard, 6
S
screen output
suppressing, 8
security, 10, 11, 41
setup wizard
setupwiz.opt, 76
setupwiz.opt, 76
shared installation, 77
source specials
101
Index
defined, 8
inserting, 9
start menu, 5
startup configuration file, 77
T
T1 encoding and ISO input, 12
TCX (character translation files), 11
TeX job name
changing the, 8
texify, 12
TEXINPUTS, 75, 81, 87, 93
TEXMF root
registering,
unregistering,
TFMFONTS, 75, 81, 87, 93
U
unattended setup, 53, 77
uninstaller, 6
update wizard
running, 16
updates
installing, 16
updmap.cfg, 91
dvipdfmDownloadBase14, 92
dvipsDownloadBase35, 91
dvipsPreferOutline, 91
instructions, 91
LW35, 91
ADOBE, 91
ADOBEkb, 91
URW, 91
URWkb, 91
Map, 92
MixedMap, 92
pdftexDownloadBase14, 92
URW fonts, 91
V
virtual fonts
resolving, 36
102

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MiKTeX 2.

MiKTeX 2.9 Manual: Revision 2.9.5671

MiKTeX 2.9 Manual

MiKTeX Options: General Settings ................................................................................

About this Document

Part I. User Guide

the base TeX system

pdfTeX, XeTeX, LuaTeX,

various TeX derivatives

a METAFONT derivative for the creation of PostScript figures

converts TeX output into PDF documents

almost all free TeX macro packages

almost all free fonts

a sophisticated viewer for TeX output

a TeX compiler driver

assists in configuring MiKTeX

MiKTeX Update Wizard

assists in keeping the MiKTeX system up-to-date

tools for the creation of bibliographies & indexes, PostScript utilities,

How to Get MiKTeX

The MiKTeX Project Page

The MiKTeX Mailing List

Chapter 2. Installing MiKTeX

Items in the Start Menu

A shortcut to the MiKTeX previewer Yap.

MiKTeX 2.9 TeXworks

A shortcut to TeXworks, an integrated development environment

MiKTeX 2.9 Help FAQ

Answers to frequently asked questions.

MiKTeX 2.9 Help Manual

The MiKTeX manual.

MiKTeX 2.9 Maintenance

A shortcut to the MiKTeX package manager.

MiKTeX 2.9 Maintenance

A shortcut to MiKTeX Options.

MiKTeX 2.9 Maintenance

A shortcut to the MiKTeX update wizard.

MiKTeX 2.9 Maintenance

A shortcut to the admin variant of the MiKTeX package manager.

(Admin) Package Manager

A shortcut to the admin variant of MiKTeX Options.

(Admin) Settings (Admin)

A shortcut to the admin variant of the MiKTeX update wizard.

(Admin) Update (Admin)

An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX issues page.

Web Known Issues

An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX project page.

Web MiKTeX Project Page

An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX registration page.

MiKTeX 2.9 MiKTeX on the

An Internet shortcut to the MiKTeX support page.

Open Control Panel.

Double-click Add or Remove Programs.

Click MiKTeX 2.9.

Chapter 3. Using MiKTeX

Start TeXworks and edit your LaTeX document.

Press Ctrl+T to create a typeset view of your document.

Automatic Package Installation

Missing packages will not be installed.

Contains LaTeX input files (.sty, .cls, ).